Síndrome de Lemierre / Lemierre's Syndrome

Paciente masculino de 32 años de edad sin comorbilidades, acude a servicio de urgencias con cuadro clínico caracterizado por dolor en región cervical anterior, tos con expectoración de color marrón de mal olor y dolor torácico. Refiere como antecedente, diagnóstico de faringoamigdalitis hace un mes, para el cual recibió tratamiento antibiótico intramuscular que no especifica. Al examen físico presenta masa palpable a nivel de región cervical anterior, dolor a la palpación torácica en séptimo espacio intercostal izquierdo. A la auscultación frote pericárdico, murmullo vesicular bilateral disminuido y frote pleural. Los estudios de laboratorio demostraron leucocitosis (17230 k/ul), neutrofilia (79,25%), anemia leve (Hb 11 g/dl, Hcto 35,5%). La tomografía computarizada contrastada de tórax, demostró presencia de edema y líquido en los tejidos blandos superficiales anteriores infrahioideos del cuello por encima de la horquilla esternal, y, en la fase contrastada trombosis de la vena yugular interna izquierda

Complicaciones de la otitis media con parálisis del sexto par craneal contralateral en pediatría / Cranial complications of otitis media with paralysis of the contralateral sixth cranial pair in pediatrics

Resumen. La otitis media es una infección frecuente en la infancia, la cual puede producir complicaciones, incluidas las neurológicas graves, en cuatro de cada 100 niños en países en desarrollo. Se presenta el caso de una niña de nueve años sin antecedentes de enfermedad que consultó por otitis media derecha, otorrea, síndrome de hipertensión intracraneal y parálisis del VI nervio craneal contralateral a la lesión. La tomografía computarizada de cráneo y la resonancia magnética cerebral revelaron otomastoiditis crónica, apicitis petrosa, y trombosis de los senos transverso y sigmoide, el bulbo yugular y la vena yugular interna derecha. Recibió tratamiento antibiótico y quirúrgico. Este caso refleja el espectro de complicaciones intracraneales y extracraneales asociadas con la otitis media aguda en la era antibiótica. El examen físico permite la detección precoz de la hipertensión intracraneal, con signos como el papiledema y la parálisis del VI par contralateral como hallazgo inusual.

Abstract. Otitis media is a frequent infection during childhood. Complications may be present in up to 4 of 100 children including serious neurological complications, particularly in developing countries. We report the case of a 9-year-old girl with no disease history who presented with otitis media, otorrhea, intracranial hypertension syndrome, and paralysis of the VI cranial nerve contralateral to the lesion. A computed tomography scan of the skull and a brain magnetic resonance imaging revealed chronic otomastoiditis, petrous apicitis, and thrombosis of the transverse and sigmoid sinus, the jugular bulb, and the right internal jugular vein. She received antibiotics and surgical treatment. This case shows the spectrum of intra and extracranial complications associated with acute otitis media in the antibiotic era. The physical examination allows early identification of intracranial hypertension with signs such as papilledema and sixth contralateral nerve palsy as an unusual finding.

Actinomicosis en el hueso temporal. Reporte de un caso pediátrico / Actinomycosis in temporal bone. A pediatric case report

La actinomicosis es una infección causada por un bacilo anaerobio Gram-positivo, filamentoso, ramificado, no esporulado. Integra la flora habitual de la orofaringe y coloniza transitoriamente el tracto gastrointestinal, genital femenino y el árbol bronquial. Es poco frecuente en el hueso temporal. Por su semejanza a un hongo, es difícil su reconocimiento, lo que hace necesaria la sospecha clínica para obtener los cultivos apropiados en condiciones anaeróbicas en forma prolongada. Los hallazgos microscópicos típicos incluyen necrosis con gránulos de azufre amarillento y la presencia de filamentos que se asemejan a infecciones fúngicas. El tratamiento requiere de elevadas y prolongadas dosis de antibiótico con penicilina o amoxicilina, entre 6 y 12 meses. La duración de la terapia antimicrobiana podría ser reducida en pacientes que han sido operados quirúrgicamente. Se presenta, a continuación, un caso clínico de actinomicosis en el hueso temporal en un paciente pediátrico que requirió tratamiento quirúrgico para su resolución.

Actinomycosis is an infection caused by a Gram-positive, filamentous anaerobic bacillus. Mainly belonging to the human commensal flora of the oropharynx, it normally colonizes the human digestive and genital tracts and the bronchial tree. It is slightly frequent in the temporal bone. Bacterial cultures and pathology are the cornerstone of diagnosis, but particular conditions are required in order to get the correct diagnosis. Prolonged bacterial cultures in anaerobic conditions are necessary to identify the bacterium and typical microscopic findings include necrosis with yellowish sulfur granules and filamentous Gram-positive fungal-like pathogens. Patients with actinomycosis require prolonged (6- to 12-month) high doses of penicillin G or amoxicillin, but the duration of antimicrobial therapy could probably be shortened in patients in whom optimal surgical resection of infected tissues has been performed. A pediatric patient with actinomycosis in temporal bone who needed surgery resolution is reported.

Mastoiditis aguda con complicación intracraneal. Reporte de un caso pediátrico / Acute mastoiditis with intracranial complication in a pediatric patient

La mastoiditis aguda es una infección de las celdillas mastoideas, generalmente, secundaria a la progresión de una otitis media aguda. Las bacterias aisladas con más frecuencia en las mastoiditis son Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes y Staphylococcus aureus. La infección mastoidea puede extenderse por contigüidad, afectar a estructuras vecinas y dar lugar a complicaciones intra- o extracraneales. Las más frecuentes son las intracraneales, entre las que se incluyen la meningitis, el absceso cerebeloso o del lóbulo temporal, el absceso epi- o subdural y la trombosis de senos venosos.Se presenta el caso de una niña de 4 años que desarrolló dos complicaciones intracraneales (absceso epidural y trombosis de senos venosos transverso y sigmoideo) a partir de una mastoiditis aguda producida por Streptococus pyogenes

Acute mastoiditis is an infection that affects the mastoid air-cell system, usually due to the progression of an acute otitis media. The bacteria most frequently isolated in acute mastoiditis are Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes and Staphylococcus aureus. The mastoid infection can extend affecting contiguous structures and producing intra or extracranial complications. The most frequent ones are intracranial complications, including meningitis, temporal lobe or cerebellar abscess, epidural or subdural abscess and venous sinus thrombosis.We present the case of a 4-year-old girl who developed two intracranial complications (intracranial epidural abscess and transverse and sigmoid sinus thrombosis) initiated in an acute mastoiditis produced by Streptococcus pyogenes.

Therapeutic approach to pediatric acute mastoiditis - an update / Abordagem terapêutica da mastoidite aguda pediátrica - uma atualização

Abstract Introduction: Acute mastoiditis remains the most common complication of acute otitis media. It may rarely appear also in cochlear implant patients. However, the treatment recommendations for this disease are not precisely defined or employed, and in the current literature the differences regarding both the diagnosis and management are relatively substantial. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine a standard and safe procedure to be applied in case of pediatric acute mastoiditis. Methods: A retrospective chart review of 73 patients with 83 episodes of acute mastoiditis hospitalized at our tertiary-care center between 2001 and 2016 was conducted. Bacteriology, methods of treatment, hospital course, complications, and otologic history were analyzed. Based on our experience and literature data, a protocol was established in order to standardize management of pediatric acute mastoiditis. Results: All the patients treated for acute mastoiditis were submitted to an intravenous antibiotic regimen. In the analyzed group pharmacological treatment only was applied in 11% of children, in 12% myringotomy/tympanostomy was added, and in the vast majority of patients (77%) mastoidectomy was performed. In our study recurrent mastoiditis was noted in 8% of the patients. We also experienced acute mastoiditis in a cochlear implant child, and in this case, a minimal surgical procedure, in order to protect the device, was recommended. Conclusions: The main points of the management protocol are: initiate a broad-spectrum intravenous antibiotic treatment; mastoidectomy should be performed if the infection fails to be controlled after 48 h of administering intravenous antibiotic therapy. We believe that early mastoidectomy prevents serious complications, and our initial observation is that by performing broad mastoidectomy with posterior attic and facial recess exposure, recurrence of acute mastoiditis can be prevented.

Resumo Introdução: A mastoidite aguda continua a ser a complicação mais comum da otite média aguda. Pode ocorrer também, embora raramente, em pacientes com implante coclear. Entretanto, as recomendações de tratamento para essa doença não são bem definidas ou usadas e, na literatura corrente, as diferenças em relação ao diagnóstico e ao manejo são relativamente significativas. Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar um procedimento padrão e seguro a ser aplicado em caso de mastoidite aguda pediátrica. Método: Foi realizada uma revisão retrospectiva de prontuários de 73 pacientes com 83 episó-dios de mastoidite aguda hospitalizados em nosso centro terciário entre os anos de 2001 a 2016. Foram analisados a bacteriologia, métodos de tratamento, evolução hospitalar, complicações e histórico otológico. Com base em nossa experiência e dados da literatura, foi estabelecido um protocolo para padronizar o tratamento da mastoidite aguda pediátrica. Resultados: Todos os pacientes tratados para mastoidite aguda foram submetidos a antibioticoterapia endovenosa. No grupo analisado, o tratamento farmacológico só foi aplicado em 11% das crianças, em 12% a miringotomia/timpanostomia foi adicionada e na maior parte dos pacientes (77%) foi feita a mastoidectomia. Em nosso estudo, mastoidite recorrente foi observada em 8% dos pacientes. Também observamos mastoidite aguda em criança usuária de implante coclear e, nesse caso, foi recomendada a minimização de procedimentos cirúrgicos, a fim de proteger o dispositivo. Conclusões: Os principais pontos do protocolo de conduta são: iniciar um tratamento antibiótico endovenoso de amplo espectro; a mastoidectomia deve ser feita caso a infecção não seja controlada após 48 horas da administração de antibioticoterapia intravenosa. Acreditamos que a mastoidectomia precoce previne complicações graves e nossa observação inicial é que, com uma mastoidectomia ampla com exposição do ático posterior e do recesso facial, a recorrência de mastoidite aguda pode ser evitada.

Otomastoiditis por mycobacterium tuberculosis: un diagnóstico desafiante / Tuberculous otomastoiditis: a challenging diagnosis

RESUMEN La otomastoiditis tuberculosa es una presentación extremadamente rara de la forma extrapulmonar de la enfermedad y puede ser difícil llegar a su diagnóstico. Presentamos el caso de una paciente de 35 años con otomastoiditis tuberculosa bilateral acompañado de vértigo, hipoacusia mixta bilateral y paresia del nervio facial bilateral, como debut de una tuberculosis. Cultivos de Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) y prueba de reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR) de otorrea fueron inicialmente negativos. La tomografía computarizada de oídos y resonancia magnética mostraron cambios inflamatorios otomastoídeos bilaterales sin evidencia de erosión ósea ni extensión a partes blandas. Se realizó una mastoidotomía, las muestras del tejido obtenido evidenciaron osteomielitis crónica, bacterias ácido-alcohol resistentes y PCR positiva para MTB. La paciente recibió tratamiento con drogas antituberculosas durante 12 meses logrando una recuperación completa de la otalgia y vértigo, y mejoría parcial de audición y paresia facial. En resumen, los hallazgos clínicos e imagenológicos de la otomastoiditis tuberculosa son inespecíficos por lo cual se requiere de un alto índice de sospecha clínica para lograr el diagnóstico adecuado e iniciar el tratamiento de la infección subyacente.

ABSTRACT Tuberculous otomastoiditis is an extremely rare form of extrapulmonary disease that can be easily misdiagnosed. We hereby report the case of a previously healthy 35-yearold female with bilateral tuberculous otomastoiditis associated with vertigo, bilateral mixed hearing loss, and bilateral facial nerve palsy as the initial clinical presentation. Repeated Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) culture and molecular testing of otorrhea aspirates were initially negative. High-resolution temporal bone computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging showed partial opacification of the mastoid air cells without signs of bone erosion. A mastoidotomy was performed with mastoid tissue showing chronic osteomyelitis, positivity in acid-fast staining and MTB PCR. The patient was treated with a 12 month antituberculous treatment, with complete recovery of otalgia and vertigo, and improvement in hearing levels and facial nerve palsy. In summary, clinical and imaging findings for tuberculous otomastoiditis are non-specific, hence a high degree of suspicion is required in order to diagnose and promptly treat the underlying infection.

Influencia terapeútica en la evolución de la otitis media aguda / Therapeutic influence on the evolution of acute otitis media

Introducción: La otitis media aguda (OMA) es una de las infecciones más comunes y primera causa de administración de antibioterapia en la infancia. En ocasiones pueden tener una evolución tórpida y dar lugar a complicaciones, siendo la mastoidi-tis aguda la más frecuente. Según algunos estudios se está produciendo un aumento en la incidencia de esta patología y de su gravedad, sin saberse claramente su causa.Métodos: Se realiza un estudio retrospectivo de pacientes ingresados en el Hospital Virgen de la Salud de Toledo, durante un periodo de 64 meses, de 2012 a 2017. Los criterios de inclusión fueron pacientes que fueron diagnosticados con mastoiditis aguda y/o complicaciones derivadas de ésta. Resultados: Se identificaron un total de 22 pacientes con mastoiditis aguda, correspondiendo a una media anual de 4,125 casos/año. El 63,63% de los casos tenían entre 0-2 años. Sólo el 50% de los casos recibieron antibioterapia oral, antes del ingreso hospitalario. Se aisló el germen en el 60% de los casos, siendo el Streptococcus pneumoniae el causante más frecuente. Se detectaron un total de 4 casos de mastoiditis complicada suponiendo el 18,18% de los pacientes; todos fueron varones, y ninguno tenía supuración espontánea a su llegada a Urgencias. Conclusiones: El uso de antibioterapia oral para el tratamiento de la OMA no ha demostrado que disminuya la incidencia de mastoiditis aguda. Sin embargo, es posible que las complicaciones derivadas de una OMA con evolución tórpida sean más graves cuando no se ha empleado antibiótico sistémico para el tratamiento de la OMA.

Introduction: Acute otitis media (AOM) is one of the most common infections and the first cause of administration of antibiotic therapy in childhood. Sometimes they may have a torpid evolution and lead to complications, such as acute mastoiditis more frequently. According to some studies, there is an increase its incidence and severity, but its cause has not been well understood. Methods: A retrospective study was performed, including the patients who were admitted to the Virgen de la Salud Hospital of Toledo, during a period of 64 months, from 2012 to 2017. The inclusion criteria were patients who were diagnosed with acute mastoiditis and or compli-cations derived from it. Results: A total of 22 patients with acute mastoiditis were identified, corresponding to an annual average of 4.125 cases/year. Additionally, 63.63% of the cases were between 0-2 years old. Only 50% of the patients received oral antibiotherapy prior to hospital admission. The germ was isolated in 60% of the cases, Streptococcus Pneumoniae was the most frequent cause. A total of 4 cases of complicated mastoiditis were detected, accounting for 18.18% of the patients; all were male, and none had spontaneous suppuration upon their arrival to the Emer-gency Department. Conclusions: The use of oral antibiotic therapy for the treatment of AOM has not been shown to reduce the incidence of acute mastoiditis. However, it is possible that the complications derived from an AOM with torpid evolution are more serious when systemic antibiotic has not been used for the treatment of AOM

Aspectos clínicos y bacteriológicos de las mastoiditis agudas como complicación de otitis media aguda y crónica en pediatría, Experiencia en 10 años / Clinical and bacteriological features of acute mastoiditis as a complication of acute and chronic otitis media in pediatrics. A 10-years experience

Antecedentes. Cualquier paciente pediátrico o adulto que presente otitis media aguda (OMA) u otitis media crónica (OMC), particularmente colesteatomatosa, puede desarrollar complicaciones intratemporales y endocraneales, especialmente mastoiditis aguda (MA). Objetivo. Describir las características clínicas y bacteriología de los pacientes asistidos por MA como complicación de OMA y OMC. Lugar de aplicación: Servicio de Otorrinolaringología. Hospital de Pediatría Juan P. Garrahan. Diseño. Descriptivo, retrospectivo, transversal y observacional. Población. Pacientes con mastoiditis aguda por OMA y por OMC asistidos en el Servicio de ORL durante 10 años. Material y métodos. Revisión de historias clínicas de todos los pacientes tratados entre enero de 1999 y diciembre de 2008. Resultados. Se estudiaron 57 pacientes con MA, 40/57 por OMA y 17/57 por OMC. Hubo 40 niños hospitalizados con signos y síntomas de MA por OMA. Se diagnosticó complicación endocraneal en el 12,5% (5/40) de los casos. Los aislamientos bacterianos más frecuentes fueron Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus pneumoniae, H. influenzae y Turicella otitidis. Se registraron 17 casos de niños hospitalizados con diagnóstico de MA y OMC. Ocurrieron complicaciones supurativas intracraneales en el 35,3% (6/17) de los casos. Los aislamientos bacterianos más frecuentes fueron las enterobacterias, P. aeruginosa y los gérmenes anaerobios. Conclusión. El diagnóstico de tipo y estadio de otitis media previa o coexistente a la complicación es fundamental para encarar el tratamiento antimicrobiano empírico inicial, sospechar complicaciones endocraneales asociadas y proponer procedimientos quirúrgicos menores, medianos o mayores oportunamente (AU)

Background. Any pediatric or adult patient presenting with acute otitis media (AOM) or chronic otitis media (COM), especially cholesteatomatous, may develop intratemporal and intracranial complications, mainly acute mastoiditis (AM). Objective. To describe the clinical and bacteriological features of patients seen for AM as a complication of AOM and COM. Setting: Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital de Pediatría Juan P. Garrahan. Design. A descriptive, retrospective, cross-sectional, observational study. Population. Patients with AM because of AOM and COM seen at the Department of Otolaryngology over a 10-year period. Material and methods. Review of the clinical charts of all patients treated between January 1999 and December 2008. Results. 57 Patients with AM, 40/57 due to AOM and 17/57 due to COM, were evaluated. Forty children were admitted to hospital with signs and symptoms of AOM-related AM. Intracranial complications were observed in 12.5% (5/40) of the patients. The most frequently isolated pathogens were Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus pneumoniae, H. influenzae, and Turicella Otitidis. Seventeen children were hospitalized because of COM-related AM. Suppurative intracranial complications occurred in 35.3% (6/17) of the cases. The most frequently isolated pathogens were Enterobacteriaceae, P. aeruginosa, and anaerobic bacteria. Conclusion. The diagnosis of type and stage of otitis media prior to or coexisting with the complication is essential to address the initial empirical antimicrobial treatment, associated intracranial complications should be suspected and minor, intermediate, or major surgical procedures should be proposed at the appropriate time (AU)

Artritis infecciosa de la articulación temporomandibular consecutivo a otitis necrotizante: reporte de un caso / Septic arthritis of the temporomandibular joint: Report of one case

Septic arthritis of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is an uncommon condition, caused by hematic bacterial migration or direct migration of other head and neck infections. We report a 41 year old female who presented a right temporomandibular joint involvement, with bone destruction of the mandibular condyle and an infectious process spreading to the temporal space, following a necrotizing medial and external otitis with associated mastoiditis. A septic arthritis of the TMJ by continuity was diagnosed and treated with antimicrobials, TMJ arthrocentesis and occlusal stabilization, with a positive evolution. However, the patient remains in control due a secondary TMJ osteoarthritis caused by the septic arthritis.

An Unusual Complication of Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media: Bezold Abscess Progressing to Scapular Abscess

Introduction: Suppurative otitis media is still the most common ear disease in developing countries. Otogenic complications of this disease have decreased considerably because of the advent of antibiotics, and few rare complications have been encountered. Objective: To report a case of a patient with scapular abscess and lumber cellulitis that had progressed from Bezold abscess as a complication of squamous-type chronic suppurative otitis media. Resumed Report A 14-year-old girl presented with foul-smelling, purulent, left ear discharge of 1-year duration and decreased hearing on same ear of 6-month duration. She developed painful swelling in left side of neck with restricted neck movement and high-grade fever of 3-day duration and swelling over the left scapular area of 1-day duration. The examination and investigation diagnosed squamous-type chronic suppurative otitis media with Bezold abscess progressing to scapular abscess and lumber cellulitis. Final: Comment Chronic suppurative otitis media can lead to abscess in any part of body...

A brief history of mastoidectomy

AIM: To describe to the new generation of otologists the origins of mastoidectomy as well as the difficulties our predecessors encountered and the solutions they devised to improve otologic surgery. METHODS: Retrospective literature review-based study. RESULTS: Before the mid-19th century, mastoidectomy was performed only sporadically and in most cases as a desperate attempt to save the lives of people suffering from complications of infectious otitis. The drainage of acute abscesses became a common procedure at the beginning of the 20th century, within the pre-antibiotic era. The first documented surgical incision to drain an infected ear was described by the French physician Ambroise Paré in the 16th century. The credit for performing the first mastoidectomy for the removal of purulent secretions went to Jean-Louis Petit. Mastoidectomies were normally performed to treat infections. However, mastoidectomies were also carried out for other purposes, particularly for the treatment of deafness and tinnitus, during various periods. Sir Charles Ballance credited Johannes Riolanus with recommending mastoidectomy for the treatment of tinnitus. William Wilde began the era of modern mastoidectomy with his introduction of the eponymous retroauricular incision. CONCLUSION: Mastoidectomy has evolved significantly throughout its history. Improvements in mastoidectomy have relied on the introduction of more elaborate surgical procedures, especially the advances in surgical equipment during the last century. Mastoidectomy continues to be a life-saving surgical procedure.

Complicações intratemporais das otites médias / Intratemporal complications of otitis media

Otite média (OM) é considerada doença potencialmente grave em razão dos riscos de complicações que podem ocorrer em sua evolução. OBJETIVO: Estabelecer a incidência anual de complicações intratemporais de OM e avaliar prospectivamente os pacientes por meio da análise dos aspectos epidemiológicos e clínicos. MÉTODO: Estudo de coorte contemporânea. Durante o período de um ano, os pacientes admitidos em um Hospital Universitário, com diagnóstico de OM e de complicação intratemporal (CIT) de OM foram incluídos no estudo. Os dados avaliados foram: idade, sexo, tipo de complicação intratemporal, tratamento e desfecho clínico. A incidência geral das complicações e de cada complicação foi determinada. RESULTADOS: 1.816 pacientes foram diagnosticados com OM. Em 592 (33%) indivíduos, o diagnóstico foi de otite média crônica; em 1224 (67%) o diagnóstico foi de otite média aguda. CIT de OM foi diagnosticada em 15 pacientes, perfazendo uma incidência anual de CIT 0,8%. Foram identificados 19 diagnósticos de CIT em 15 pacientes. Fístula labiríntica foi diagnosticada em sete (36,8%) indivíduos, mastoidite em cinco (26,3%), paralisia facial periférica em quatro (21,1%) e labirintite em três (15,8%). CONCLUSÃO: A incidência das complicações intratemporais permanece significativa quando comparada à de países desenvolvidos. A otite média crônica colesteatomatosa é a etiologia mais frequente das complicações intratemporais. A fístula labiríntica é a complicação intratemporal mais comum.

Otitis media (OM) is considered a potentially severe disease due to the risk of complications. OBJECTIVE: To establish the annual incidence of intratemporal complications (ITC) resulting from OM and to prospectively assess patients for epidemiological and clinical factors. METHOD: This prospective cohort study included patients admitted during one year at a university hospital diagnosed with intratemporal complications of OM. Patients were analyzed for age, gender, type of intratemporal complication, treatment, and clinical outcome. The overall incidence of complications and the specific incidence rates of each type of complication were determined. RESULTS: 1,816 patients were diagnosed with OM; 592 (33%) had chronic OM; 1224 (67%) had acute OM. Fifteen patients were diagnosed with OM ITC, adding up to an annual incidence of 0.8%. Nineteen diagnoses of ITC were made in 15 patients. Seven (36.8%) patients were diagnosed with labyrinthine fistula, five (26.3%) with mastoiditis, four (21.1%) with peripheral facial palsy, and three (15.8%) with labyrinthitis. CONCLUSION: The incidence of intratemporal complications remains significant when compared to the rates seen in developed countries. Chronic cholesteatomatous otitis media is the most frequent etiology of intratemporal complications. Labyrinthine fistula is the most common intratemporal complication.

Absceso cerebral en niños: una complicación de otomastoiditis crónica de diagnóstico tardío / Brain abscess in children: a complication of late diagnosis chronic mastoiditis

Reportamos el caso de una paciente de 7 años de edad que presentó otitis media aguda complicada con otomastoiditis crónica quien fue operada de una timpanomastoidectomía a los dos meses y medio de enfermedad, a los tres meses presentó fiebre, signos de hipertensión endocraneana y paresia del miembro superior izquierdo. La tomografía espiral multicorte mostró absceso en el lóbulo temporal ipsilateral. Recibió tratamiento antibiótico de amplia cobertura y fue sometida a resección quirúrgica del absceso. Seis semanas después de la intervención quirúrgica salió de alta con monoparesia del brazo izquierdo con desempeño independiente.

We report a case of a seven year old patient who had acute media otitis complicated with chronic otomastoiditis, who was operated of timpanomastoidectomy after two months and a half of illness, at three months she had fever, endocraneal hypertension signs and paresia of the left upper limb. The multislice spiral tomography showed the presence of an abscess on the ipsilateral temporal lobe. She received extended-spectrum antibiotic therapy and surgical excision of the abscess. Six weeks after the surgery she was discharged from the hospital with left upper limb monoparesia with independent performance.

Colesteatoma congênito gigante: relato de caso / Giant congenital cholesteatoma: a case report

Introdução: O colesteatoma congênito é uma doença rara, de etiologia controversa. Provavelmente de natureza embriológica originado por remanescentes epidérmicos. Objetivo: Descrever um caso de colesteatoma congênito atendida em um hospital público no Centro-Oeste do Brasil. Relato de caso: Paciente de 8 anos de idade, sexo masculino, com queixa de hipoacusia e abaulamento retroauricular com fi stula drenando secreção purulenta à esquerda, sem outros sintomas. As etapas do atendimento foram descritas desde a consulta inicial, até os resultados de exames e cirurgia. Considerações Finais: O colesteatoma deve ser lembrado no diagnóstico diferencial das doenças da orelha média, mastoidite e abscessos retroauriculares, uma vez que o diagnóstico precoce favorece o prognóstico...

Introduction: The congenital cholesteatoma is a rare disease, of controversial etiology. Probably of etiological nature originated from epidermal residues. Objective: To describe a case of congenital cholesteatoma attended at a public hospital in the Middle West of Brazil. Case report: 8 years old patient, masculine sex,with complaint of hypoacusis and retroauricular bulging with fi stula, that drains pus secretion at left. The stages of the attendance had been described since the initial consultation, results of examinations and surgery. Final Comments: congenital cholesteatoma must be remembered in the distinguishing diagnosis of middle ear disease and mastoid, once the injury may reach great proportions and it may favour the appearance of serious complications...

Introducción: El colesteatoma congénito es una enfermedad rara de etiología controvertida. Probablemente de naturaleza embrionaria originado por restante epidérmico. Objetivo: Describir un caso de colesteatoma congénito tratado en un hospital público en el Medio Oeste de Brasil. Caso clínico: Paciente varón de 8 años de edad, se queja de hipoacusia y el abultamiento retroauricular, con fístula de drenaje de pus a la izquierda, sin otros síntomas. Las medidas de atención se han descrito desde la consulta inicial, hasta los resultados de exámenes y la cirugía. Conclusión: Se debe considerar el colesteatoma en el diagnóstico diferencial de las enfemedades del oído medio, mastoiditis y abscesos retroauriculares, ya que el diagnóstico temprano favorece el pronóstico...

Patología del hueso temporal en pediatría: hallazgos tomográficos característicos / Pediatric pathology of temporal bone: characteristic tomographic findings

El hueso temporal es asiento de patologías otológicas frecuentes en Pediatría. Objetivo. Realizar una evaluación estadística y la descripción de los hallazgos tomográficos característicos de la patología del hueso temporal en una población pediátrica. Materiales y Métodos. Trabajo retrospectivo, longitudinal y descriptivo de una revisión de 64 historias clínicas, realizadas entre enero de 2008 y abril de 2011 en el Hospital de Pediatría “Pedro Elizalde”. La clasificación de las patologías se dividió en: inflamatoria (infecciosa y no infecciosa), congénita, histiocitosis, infiltración tumoral y traumática.Resultados. Sexo masculino: 64%; rango etario: de 1 mes a 14 años (media: 6,1 años). Se encontró patología inflamatoria infecciosa en el 53% de los pacientes, patología inflamatoria no infecciosa en el 36%, congénita en el 4,6 %, histiocitosis en el 1,5%, infiltración tumoral en el 3% y traumática en el 1,5%. Predominó la patología infecciosa en los menores de 5 años (otomastoiditis: 43,6%). El colesteatoma constituyó la patología inflamatoria no infecciosa más común en el rango etario de 6 a 14 años (36%). No se presentaron lesiones neoplásicas propias, sino por infiltración tumoral (fibroangioma nasofaríngeo y metástasis de neuroblastoma). Conclusión. La otomastoiditis aguda y el colesteatoma constituyen la patología otológica más frecuente en Pediatría y requieren la realización de una Tomografía Computada (TC). En los casos revisados, el diagnóstico tomográfico coincidió con el clínico-quirúrgico y/o anatomopatológico...

Mastoidite e paralisia facial como manifestações iniciais de Granulomatose de Wegener / Mastoiditis and facial paralysis as initial manifestations of Wegener's Granulomatosis

A Granulomatose de Wegener (GW) é caracterizada por granulomas necrotizantes e vasculite. Sem tratamento a doença tem prognóstico pobre com índice de mortalidade de 90% em 2 anos. Diversos autores citam as manifestações otológicas no curso da GW, entretanto não é especificado em que momento da doença elas apareceram, isto é, se como manifestação inicial ou subsequente a outros achados. Objetivo: Descrever três casos confirmados de GW que apresentaram inicialmente mastoidite e evoluíram com paralisia facial periférica (PFP). Material e Método: Estudo de série de casos. Pacientes diagnosticados com GW que apresentaram inicialmente manifestações otológicas são descritos. Resultados: Os três casos descritos abriram o quadro com otalgia, otorreia e hipoacusia unilateral, associada a paralisia facial periférica ipsilateral. Tiveram resposta inadequada aos tratamentos instituídos o que motivou uma investigação de outras doenças associadas. Nessas circunstâncias, detectaram-se títulos positivos de ANCA-C em todos pacientes, confirmando-se o diagnóstico de GW, após período variável de investigação. Institui-se o tratamento para GW observando-se melhora do quadro clínico, regressão da PFP e melhora parcial dos limiares auditivos. Conclusão: Complicações de otites médias agudas (mastoidite e PFP) refratárias as terapêuticas habituais impõem a investigação de doenças associadas e a GW deverá ser pesquisada para que se possa fazer o diagnóstico o mais precocemente possível, alterando desta forma o prognóstico destes pacientes.

Wegener's Granulomatosis (WG) is characterized by necrotizing granulomas and vasculitis. If left untreated, the prognosis is poor - a 90% mortality rate within 2 years. Several authors have described the otologic manifestations of WG; these authors, however, have not mentioned the stage of the disease in which these findings present - whether as initial manifestations or subsequent to other findings. Aim: To describe three confirmed cases of WG with mastoiditis as the first manifestation, progressing to peripheral facial paralysis (PFP). Material and Method: A clinical series study. Patients diagnosed with WG that initially presented with otologic findings are described. Results: The three cases presented with unilateral otalgia, otorrhea, and hearing loss associated with ipsilateral PFP. None recovered in spite of the treatment; an investigation of associated diseases was therefore undertaken. Positive ANCA-C titers where detected in all patients, confirming the diagnosis of WG. Clinical improvement was seen after treatment of WG; the PFP regressed and hearing thresholds improved partially. Conclusion: Complications of otitis media (mastoiditis and PFP) that do not respond to the usual treatment require an investigation of associated diseases; WG should be included for an early diagnosis to change the prognosis in these patients.