Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Mostrar: 20 | 50 | 100
Resultados 1 - 20 de 104
Filtrar
3.
Med. lab ; 26(3): 273-286, 2022. Tabs
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1412400

RESUMO

Introducción. La leucemia promielocítica aguda (LPA) es un subtipo poco frecuente de leucemia mieloide aguda (LMA), que se caracteriza por un comportamiento clínico particularmente agresivo, y en ausencia de tratamiento, su curso generalmente es fatal. El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar las características clínicas y citogenéticas de una cohorte de pacientes con LPA, con la finalidad de evaluar su relación con las complicaciones, el pronóstico y el desenlace de estos pacientes. Metodología. Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo, retrospectivo de los pacientes mayores de 15 años con diagnóstico de LPA, atendidos en el Hospital Universitario San Vicente Fundación, entre los años 2012 a 2020. Resultados. Un total de 32 pacientes fueron incluidos. La edad media del diagnóstico fue 37 años. El 84,4% de los pacientes tenía la traslocación (15;17) en el cariotipo, y el 93,75% tenían FISH positivo. El 12,5% de los casos tenían cariotipo complejo. La mortalidad en los primeros 30 días fue del 15,6%, siendo el sangrado la causa de muerte más frecuente. Todos los pacientes que sobrevivieron alcanzaron la remisión completa (84,3%). En un promedio de seguimiento de 24 meses, el 14,8% de los casos recayeron. En el análisis bivariado se encontró relación entre sexo masculino y tener cariotipo complejo (p=0,015). No se encontró relación entre cariotipo complejo y mortalidad temprana (p=0,358), tampoco entre cariotipo complejo y recaída (p=0,052). Conclusiones. Se presentan las características clínicas y citogenéticas de una cohorte de pacientes con LPA en Colombia. El sangrado en el sistema nervioso central fue la principal causa de mortalidad temprana, todos los pacientes que sobrevivieron alcanzaron la remisión completa con la terapia de inducción. Las tasas de mortalidad, remisión completa y recaída fueron similares a las reportadas por otras series latinoamericanas, pero inferiores a estudios provenientes de países europeos. Contrario a lo reportado en otros estudios, no se encontró relación entre el cariotipo complejo y la mortalidad temprana o recaída.


Introduction. Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is a rare subtype of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), characterized by a particularly aggressive clinical behavior, that in the absence of treatment is usually fatal. The objective of this work was to determine the clinical and cytogenetic characteristics of a cohort of patients with APL, in order to evaluate their relationship with the outcome and prognosis of these patients. Methodology. An observational, descriptive, retrospective study of patients older than 15 years with a diagnosis of APL treated at the Hospital Universitario San Vicente Fundación, between 2012 and 2020, was carried out. Results. A total of 32 patients were included. The mean age at diagnosis was 37 years, 84.4% of the patients had the t(15;17) in the karyotype, and 93.75% had positive FISH. 12.5% of cases had a complex karyotype. Mortality in the first 30 days was 15.6%, with bleeding being the most common cause of death. All patients who survived achieved complete remission (84.3%). In an average follow-up of 24 months, 14.8% of cases relapsed. In the bivariate analysis, a relationship was found between the male sex and having a complex karyotype (p<0.015). No relationship was found between complex karyotype and early mortality (p=0.358), nor between complex karyotype and relapse (p=0.052). Conclusions. We present the clinical and cytogenetic characteristics of a cohort of patients with APL in Colombia. Central nervous system bleeding was the main cause of early mortality, with all surviving patients achieving complete remission on induction therapy. Mortality, complete remission and relapse rates were similar to those reported by other Latin American series, but lower than studies from European countries. Contrary to what has been reported in other studies, no relationship was found between complex karyotype and early mortality or relapse


Assuntos
Leucemia Promielocítica Aguda , Tretinoína , Idarubicina , Hibridização in Situ Fluorescente , Cariótipo , Trióxido de Arsênio
4.
Rev. Bras. Cancerol. (Online) ; 68(4)Out-Dez. 2022.
Artigo em Inglês, Português | LILACS, Sec. Est. Saúde SP | ID: biblio-1451764

RESUMO

Introdução: O sarcoma granulocítico (SG) é um tumor extramedular raro, composto por células mieloides imaturas. Ocorre em 2% a 14% dos pacientes com leucemia mieloide aguda (LMA). A associação com leucemia promielocítica (LPA) é ainda mais rara, especialmente como manifestação no momento do diagnóstico. O presente estudo expõe o caso de um paciente com SG cutâneo de apresentação concomitante ao diagnóstico de LPA. Relato do caso: Paciente do sexo masculino, 30 anos, encaminhado ao Departamento de Hematologia por febre, odinofagia, intensa adinamia, hiporexia, perda de 5 kg, sudorese noturna, além de dispneia progressiva ao longo de um mês. Realizou exames laboratoriais com evidência de anemia grave, prosseguindo investigação etiológica com mielograma, que evidenciou 84% de blastos, e imunofenotipagem compatível com LPA, PML-RARA positivo (90%). Apresentava ainda lesões ulceradas em região genital e coxa direita, cuja biópsia evidenciou proliferação de células redondas suspeita para infiltração por LMA/SG. A imuno-histoquímica confirmou SG. O paciente foi submetido à quimioterapia, com boa resposta ao tratamento e melhora das contagens sanguíneas. As lesões cutâneas evoluíram com cicatrização. Após terceira consolidação, o PML-RARA negativou. Conclusão: Este relato de caso descreve uma apresentação rara de uma doença hematológica maligna, o SG, também conhecido como cloroma, na pele. Uma estratégia de diagnóstico incluindo imagens, histopatologia, imuno-histoquímica e exames laboratoriais foi necessária para confirmá-lo. O diagnóstico oportuno é essencial para que o tratamento adequado seja instituído logo, beneficiando o paciente em sobrevida e qualidade de vida


Introduction: Granulocytic sarcoma (GS) is a rare extramedullary tumor, made up by immature myeloid cells. It occurs in 2% to 14% of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The association with promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is even more rare, especially as manifestation at the time of diagnosis. The present study exposes the case of a patient with cutaneous GS concomitant with a diagnosis of APL. Case report: Male patient, 30 years old, referred to the Hematology Department due to fever, odynophagia, intense adynamia, hyporexia, loss of 5 kg, night sweating, in addition to progressive dyspnea over one month. Laboratory exams were run with evidence of severe anemia, proceeding to etiological investigation with myelogram, which showed 84% of blasts, and immunophenotyping compatible with promyelocytic leukemia (APL), PML-RARA positive (90%). Also, presented ulcerated lesions in the genital region and right leg, whose biopsy showed proliferation of suspected round cells for infiltration by AML/GS. Immunohistochemistry confirmed GS. The patient underwent chemotherapy, with good response to the treatment and improvement of blood counts. Skin lesions evolved with healing. After the 3rd consolidation, PML-RARA was negative. Conclusion: This case report describes a rare presentation of a malignant hematological disease, GS, also known as skin chloroma. A diagnostic strategy including images, histopathology, immunohistochemistry and laboratory tests were needed for confirmation. Timely diagnosis is essential, so that appropriate treatment is instituted soon, benefiting the patient regarding survival and quality of life


Introducción: El sarcoma granulocítico (SG) es un tumor extramedular poco frecuente, compuesto por células mieloides inmaduras. Ocurre en 2% a 14% de los pacientes con leucemia mieloide aguda (AML). La asociación con leucemia promielocítica (LPA) es aún más rara, especialmente como manifestación en el momento del diagnóstico. El presente estudio expone el caso de un paciente con SG cutáneo que presenta un diagnóstico de LPA. Relato del caso: Paciente masculino de 30 años, remitido al Servicio de Hematología por fiebre, odinofagia, adinamia intensa, hiporexia, pérdida de 5 kg, sudoración nocturna, además de disnea progresiva a lo largo de un mes. Realizó exámenes de laboratorio con evidencia de anemia severa, continuando investigación etiológica con mielograma, que mostró 84% de blastos, e inmunofenotipificación compatible con LPA, PML-RARA positivo (90%). También presentaba lesiones ulceradas en región genital y muslo derecho, en las que la biopsia mostró proliferación de células redondas sospechadas para infiltración por LMA/SG. La inmunohistoquímica confirmó SG. El paciente fue sometido a quimioterapia, con buena respuesta al tratamiento y mejoría de los hemogramas. Las lesiones cutáneas evolucionaron con la curación. Después de la tercera consolidación, el PML-RARA fue negativo. Conclusión: Este reporte de caso describe una presentación poco común de una enfermedad hematológica maligna, el SG, también conocido como cloroma, en la piel. Se necesitaba una estrategia de diagnóstico que incluyera imágenes, histopatología, inmunohistoquímica y pruebas de laboratorio para confirmarlo. El diagnóstico oportuno es fundamental para que pronto se instaure el tratamiento adecuado


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , Neoplasias Cutâneas , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda , Leucemia Promielocítica Aguda , Sarcoma Mieloide
5.
Hematol., Transfus. Cell Ther. (Impr.) ; 43(4): 476-481, Oct.-Dec. 2021. tab, ilus
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: biblio-1350816

RESUMO

ABSTRACT Introduction: We performed cost-effectiveness and cost-utility analyses of the modified International Consortium on Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia protocol in Mexico for the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia. Methods: We performed a three-state Markov analysis: stable disease (first line complete response [CR]), disease event (relapse, second line response and CR) and death. The modified IC-APL protocol is composed of three phases: induction, consolidation and maintenance. Cost and outcomes were used to calculate incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs); quality-adjusted life-years were used to calculate incremental cost-utility ratios (ICURs). Results: The CR was achieved in 18 patients (90%), treated with the IC-APL protocol as the first-line option; one patient (5%) died in induction, another one never achieved CR (5%); of the 18 patients that achieved CR, 1 relapsed (5.5%). The median treatment cost of the IC-APL protocol was $21,523 USD. The average life-year in our study was 7.8 years, while the average quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) was 6.1 years. When comparing the ICER between the IC-APL and the all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) plus arsenic trioxide (ATO) protocols, we found the different costs of $6497, $19,133 and $17,123 USD in Italy, the USA and Canada, respectively. In relation to the ICUR, we found the different costs to be $13,955 and $11,979 USD in the USA and Canada, respectively. Conclusion: Taking into account the similar response rates, lower cost and easy access to the modified IC-APL regimen, we consider it a cost-effective and cost-utility protocol, deeming it the treatment of choice for our population.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Leucemia Promielocítica Aguda/diagnóstico , Leucemia Promielocítica Aguda/tratamento farmacológico , Tretinoína/uso terapêutico , Protocolos Clínicos , Análise Custo-Benefício
6.
Hematol., Transfus. Cell Ther. (Impr.) ; 43(3): 309-312, July-Sept. 2021. tab
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: biblio-1346267

RESUMO

Abstract Introduction: Little attention is given to thrombosis associated with pediatric acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). This study describes the thrombotic and hemorrhagic manifestations of APL in pediatric patients and evaluates their hemostasis, based on coagulation tests. Methods: Inclusion criteria were age 0-18 years and APL diagnosis between April 2005 and November 2017. Patients who had received blood transfusion prior to coagulation tests were excluded. Baseline coagulation tests, hematologic counts, and hemorrhagic/thrombotic manifestations were evaluated. Results: Median age was 10.7 years (1-15 years). The initial coagulation tests revealed a median Hgb of 8.3 g/dL (4.7-12.9 g/dL), median leucocyte count of 10.9 × 109/L (1.1-95.8 × 109/L), median platelet count of 31.8 × 109/L (2.0-109.0 × 109/L), median activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) of 31.7 s (23.0-50.4 s), median aPTT ratio of 1.0 (0.78-1.6), median thromboplastin time (PT) of 17.5 s (13.8-27.7 s), median PT activity of 62% (25-95 %), and median fibrinogen of 157.7 mg/dL (60.0-281.0 mg/dL). Three patients (13%) had thrombosis. At diagnosis, 21 patients (91.3%) had bruising, one patient (4.3%) had splenic vein and artery thrombosis and one patient (4.3%) presented without thrombohemorrhagic manifestations. During treatment, two patients (8.6%) had thrombosis. Conclusion: Knowledge of thrombosis in pediatric APL is important to determine its risk factors and the best way to treat and prevent this complication.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Recém-Nascido , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Adolescente , Trombose , Leucemia Promielocítica Aguda/diagnóstico , Hemostasia
7.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1341396

RESUMO

Introducción: La leucemia promielocítica es un subtipo de leucemia mieloide aguda que se presenta frecuentemente con una coagulopatía potencialmente mortal, por lo que representa una emergencia médica. En la gran mayoría de los pacientes ocurre la t(15;17)(q24;q21) que genera el gen aberrante PML-RARA. Mediante diferentes técnicas de citogenética y de la biología molecular que detectan dichas aberraciones es posible diagnosticar la entidad de manera inequívoca y estudiar la enfermedad mínima residual. Objetivo: Describir, comparar y analizar las técnicas de citogenética y de la biología molecular que son útiles para el diagnóstico y el seguimiento del paciente con leucemia promielocítica. Así como señalar sus ventajas y limitaciones. Métodos: Se realizó revisión de la bibliografía científica de los últimos cinco años relacionada con el tema a través de PUBMED. Se realizó análisis y resumen de la información. Análisis y síntesis de la información: Se describen dos técnicas de citogenética y tres moleculares basadas en la aplicación de la reacción en cadena de la polimerasa. Se comparan y analizan sus ventajas y limitaciones. Conclusiones: Algunas de estas técnicas son útiles únicamente para el diagnóstico, mientras que otras, por su alta sensibilidad, se recomiendan para el seguimiento del paciente con leucemia promielocítica(AU)


Introduction: Promyelocytic leukemia (PML) is a subtype of acute myeloid leukemia that frequently presents with a potentially fatal coagulopathy, therefore it represents a medical emergency. In the vast majority of patients, the t (15; 17) (q24; q21) occurs, which generates the aberrant gene PML-RARA. Using different cytogenetic and molecular biology techniques that detect these aberrations, it is possible to unequivocally diagnose the entity and study minimal residual disease. Objective: To describe, compare and analyze cytogenetics and molecular biology techniques that are useful for diagnosis and follow-up of the patient with Promyelocytic leukemia. As well as pointing out its advantages and limitations. Methods: A review of the scientific bibliography of the last five years related to the subject was carried out through PUBMED. An analysis and summary of the information was made. Analysis and synthesis of the information: Two cytogenetic and three molecular techniques are described based on the application of the polymerase chain reaction. Its advantages and limitations are compared and analyzed. Conclusions: Some of these techniques are only useful for diagnosis, while others, due to their high sensitivity, are recommended for monitoring the patient with Promyelocytic leukemia(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Leucemia Promielocítica Aguda/diagnóstico , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/métodos , Assistência ao Convalescente , Citogenética/métodos , Biologia Molecular
8.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1341400

RESUMO

Introducción: En los últimos años se ha comprobado que el riesgo de trombosis en pacientes con enfermedades oncohematológicas es elevado. Presentación del caso: Paciente masculino de 51 años de edad, con diagnóstico de leucemia promielocítica, recibió tratamiento de inducción con trióxido de arsénico y ya alcanzada la remisión morfológica de la leucemia, y sin antecedentes personales ni familiares de eventos trombóticos, presentó una trombosis venosa profunda del miembro inferior izquierdo, se trató con heparina de bajo peso molecular y warfarina. Conclusiones: El paciente evolutivamente tuvo una evolución favorable del evento trombótico y se alcanzó la remisión completa hematológica, citogenética y molecular con una adecuada calidad de vida que permitió su reinserción a su vida personal, familiar y social(AU)


Introduction: In recent years it has been proven that the risk of thrombosis in patients with oncohematological diseases has increased. Case presentation: A 51-year-old male patient, diagnosed with Promyelocytic Leukemia, received induction treatment with arsenic trioxide and the morphological remission of the leukemia had already been achieved and with no personal or family history of thrombotic events, presented a deep vein thrombosis of the left lower limb. He was treated with low molecular weight heparin and warfarin. Conclusions: The patient progressively had a favorable evolution of the thrombotic event and complete hematological, cytogenetic and molecular remission was achieved with an adequate quality of life that allowed his reinsertion into his personal, family and social life(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Leucemia Promielocítica Aguda/complicações , Trombofilia/prevenção & controle , Trombose Venosa/complicações
10.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1341403

RESUMO

Introducción: La leucemia promielocítica presenta particularidades biológicas y clínicas con respecto al resto de las leucemias mieloides agudas. El descubrimiento de los detalles moleculares de su patogénesis, posibilitó que su tratamiento, constituya una de las mejores representaciones de la investigación traslacional y esto hace que establezca un modelo para el desarrollo de terapias dirigidas a dianas moleculares con enfoque curativo en pacientes con cáncer. Objetivo: Abordar los principales avances en la terapia de la LPM desde el descubrimiento de los agentes diferenciadores hasta su estado actual. Métodos: Se realizó una búsqueda exhaustiva en bases de datos como Scielo, Pubmed, ScienceDirect, Redalyc y se utilizaron como referencias los artículos actualizados publicados principalmente en los últimos cinco años. Análisis y síntesis de la información: Se abordaron los principales avances en la terapia de este tipo de leucemia, desde el descubrimiento de los agentes diferenciadores hasta su estado actual, haciendo énfasis en su mecanismo de acción y nuevas opciones terapéuticas. Conclusiones: Los aportes realizados en el estudio etiopatogénico y molecular de la leucemia promielocítica y su impacto objetivo en la investigación clínica, constituyen uno de los mejores ejemplos de tratamiento dirigido a alteraciones moleculares específicas y representa un modelo de integración biológica, clínica y terapéutica en beneficio de los pacientes afectados con esta enfermedad(AU)


Introduction: Acute promyelocytic leukemia is a biologically and clinically different type from other acute myeloid leukemias. The discovery of molecular details in its pathogenesis enabled its treatment to constitute one of the best examples of translational research and makes a model for the development of targeted therapies with a curative approach in cancer patients. Objective: To analize the main advances in PML therapy from the discovery of differentiating agents to their current state. Methods: An exhaustive search was carried out in the databases as Scielo, Pubmed, ScienceDirect, Redalyc, and updated articles published mainly in the last five years were used as references. Analysis and synthesis of the information: The article addressed the main advances in the therapy of this type of leukemia, from the discovery of differentiating agents to its current state, emphasizing its mechanism of action and new therapeutic options. Conclusions: The contributions made in the etiopathogenic and molecular study of promyelocytic leukemia and its objective impact on clinical research constitute one of the best examples of treatment aimed at specific molecular alterations and represents a model of biological, clinical and therapeutic integration in benefit of patients affected with this disease(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Leucemia Promielocítica Aguda/terapia , Proteína SUMO-1 , Pesquisa Translacional Biomédica
11.
Rev. cuba. hematol. inmunol. hemoter ; 37(3): e1505, 2021. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1341404

RESUMO

Introducción: Con el protocolo LPM-TOA para el tratamiento de la leucemia promielocítica se obtienen excelentes resultados, se prolonga la sobrevida global y es posible la curación de los enfermos. En la de inducción a la remisión se utilizan dos drogas, una antraciclina y trióxido de arsénico, y en la consolidación los enfermos reciben de nuevo una dosis elevada de arsénico. Objetivo: Evaluar la toxicidad hepática tardía en pacientes con leucemia promielocítica tratados según el protocolo LPM-TOA. Métodos: Se realizó estudio longitudinal prospectivo que incluyó20 pacientes tratados con dicho protocolo, todos con más de dos años de haberlo suspendido. Se revisaron las historias clínicas para evaluar mediante los valores iniciales y evolutivos de las enzimas hepáticas, la función hepática inicial y evolutiva. Se determinó el índice de Ritis para predecir evolución a la cronicidad de existir daño hepático. Resultados: Hombres y mujeres se presentaron con la misma frecuencia y la media para la edad del sexo masculino fue 36,39 y para el femenino 39, con desviación estándar de ±14,02 y ±9,43, respectivamente. La variedad morfológica más frecuente fue la hipergranular, el promedio del índice de Ritis fue de solo 1,006 con desviación estándar de 0,745. Conclusiones: No hubo evidencias clínica ni enzimática de toxicidad hepática tardía en los pacientes estudiados(AU)


Introduction: With the LPM-TOA protocol for the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia, excellent results are obtained, overall survival is prolonged and the patients are cured, in the induction to remission two drugs are used, an anthracycline and arsenic trioxide, and in consolidation the patients again receive a high dose of arsenic. Objective: To assess late liver toxicity in patients with promyelocytic leukemia treated according to the PML-TOA protocol. Methods: A prospective longitudinal study was carried out that included 20 patients treated with this protocol, all with more than two years of having suspended treatment. The clinical histories were reviewed and by means of the initial and evolutionary values of liver enzymes, the initial and evolutionary liver function was evaluated and the Ritis index was determined to predict evolution to chronicity if there is liver damage. Results: Men and women presented with the same frequency and the mean age for males was 36.39 and for females it was 39, with a standard deviation of ± 14.02 and ± 9.43 respectively. The most frequent morphological variety was hypergranular, the average Ritis index was only 1.006 with a standard deviation of 0.745. Conclusions: There was no clinical or enzymatic evidence of late liver toxicity in the patients studied(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Leucemia Promielocítica Aguda/tratamento farmacológico , Doença Hepática Induzida por Substâncias e Drogas/prevenção & controle , Trióxido de Arsênio/toxicidade , Análise de Sobrevida , Estudos Prospectivos , Estudos Longitudinais
12.
Hematol., Transfus. Cell Ther. (Impr.) ; 43(1): 21-27, Jan.-Mar. 2021. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: biblio-1154299

RESUMO

ABSTRACT Acute promyelocytic leukemia is a subtype of acute myeloid leukemia, characterized by the presence of neoplastic promyelocytes, due to the reciprocal balanced translocation between chromosomes 15 and 17. Currently, with the use of agents that act directly on this molecular change, such as all-trans retinoic acid and arsenic trioxide, APL has shifted from a highly mortal to a curable disease. However, some cases are still at high risk of death, especially early death, and acquiring a better understanding of the clinical and biological factors involving APL is needed to correctly identify and treat such cases. The early suspected diagnosis and prompt initiation of the target therapy are important for better response rates. The follow-up and outcomes, using real-life data from 44 consecutive APL patients, were studied between 2001 and 2013. The overall survival rate was 82.7% and early death was 16%. Almost all patient deaths were due to severe bleeding, which was confirmed by multivariate analysis, as the most important prognostic factor leading to death. A better understanding the pathogenesis of the hemorrhagic complications in APL is needed, as well as the risk factors associated with early death in APL patients, as this has become synonymous with overall mortality.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Leucemia Promielocítica Aguda/diagnóstico , Leucemia Promielocítica Aguda/terapia , Proteína SUMO-1
13.
Iatreia ; 34(1): 42-53, ene.-mar. 2021. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1154357

RESUMO

RESUMEN La leucemia promielocítica aguda (LPA) es un subtipo de leucemia mieloide aguda (LMA) que se origina por una traslocación balanceada entre los cromosomas 15 y 17, involucra al gen que codifica para el receptor alfa del ácido retinoico (RARA) en el cromosoma 17 y el de la leucemia promielocítica (PML) en el cromosoma 15, lo que da origen a la traslocación t(15;17) PML/RARA. Dicho reordenamiento origina la proteína de fusión PML/RAR alfa, que bloquea la diferenciación de las células madre mieloides en el estadio de promielocito. La LPA afecta con mayor frecuencia a adultos jóvenes y conlleva un alto riesgo de mortalidad temprana, en especial por el desarrollo de una coagulopatía grave, que sin tratamiento es definitivamente fatal. El diagnóstico temprano, el tratamiento de soporte y la introducción de fármacos que promueven la diferenciación terminal de los promielocitos patológicos como la tretinoina, también conocida como ácido todo transretinoico (ATRA) o trióxido de arsénico (ATO), ha hecho que en la actua-lidad esta sea una enfermedad curable con altas tasas de remisión completa.


SUMMARY Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is a subtype of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) that results from a balanced translocation between chromosomes 15 and 17, which involves the gene encoding the retinoic acid receptor alpha (RARA) on chromosome 17 and the gene for promyelocytic leukemia (PML) on chromosome 15, causing the translocation t (15; 17) PML / RARA. This rearrangement originates the PML / RAR alpha fusion protein, which blocks the differentiation of myeloid stem cells at the promyelocyte stage. APL affects young adults more frequently and carries a high risk of early mortality, especially due to development of severe coagulopathy that, without treatment, is invariably fatal. Early diagnosis, supportive treatment, and the introduction of drugs that promote the terminal differentiation of pathological promyelocytes such as alltrans retinoic acid (ATRA) and arsenic trioxide (ATO), have currently made this a curable disease with high rates of complete remission.


Assuntos
Humanos , Leucemia Promielocítica Aguda
14.
Rev. cuba. hematol. inmunol. hemoter ; 37(1): e1249, ene.-mar. 2021. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1251713

RESUMO

Introducción: Con el protocolo LPM-TOA para tratamiento de la leucemia promielocítica, se han obtenido excelentes resultados, ya que se logra sobrevida global prolongada y posible curación de los enfermos. En la inducción se utilizan dos drogas cardiotóxicas: las antraciclinas y el trióxido de arsénico y en la consolidación los enfermos reciben una dosis elevada de arsénico. Objetivo: Evaluar la toxicidad cardíaca tardía en pacientes con leucemia promielocítica tratados según el protocolo LPM-TOA. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo, prospectivo y longitudinal que incluyó 20 pacientes tratados con protocolo LPM-TOA, seguidos en consulta entre enero y julio 2019. Los pacientes tenían más de dos años de haber recibido las drogas cardiotóxicas. Se revisaron las historias clínicas y se determinó la fracción de eyección ventricular izquierda y la deformidad longitudinal global, mediante ecocardiograma. Resultados: Se presentaron hombres y mujeres con igual frecuencia, edad promedio 41,5 ± 11,0 años. Durante la inducción, en menos de la mitad de los enfermos se suspendió el arsénico por elevación del segmento QT corregido; en la mayoría solo se suspendió por uno o dos días. La mayor parte de los pacientes tuvo la fracción de eyección ventricular izquierda con valores entre 61 y 70 por ciento y la deformidad longitudinal global fue - 24 - 22 por ciento Conclusiones: En los pacientes estudiados, el tiempo de haber recibido el trióxido de arsénico y la dosis recibida, no influyó en la función cardíaca(AU)


Introduction: The PML-ATO protocol for the treatment of promyelocytic leukemia has obtained excellent results, achieving high overall survival rates and the possible healing of patients. Two cardiotoxic drugs are used in the induction process: anthracyclines and arsenic trioxide, whereas during consolidation patients receive a high dose of arsenic. Objective: Evaluate the late cardiotoxicity in patients with promyelocytic leukemia treated by the PML-ATO protocol. Methods: An observational prospective longitudinal descriptive study was conducted of 20 patients treated with the PML-ATO protocol and followed-up in outpatient consultation from January to July 2019. More than two years had elapsed since the patients received the cardiotoxic drugs. A review was carried out of the patients' medical records and echocardiographic determination was made of left ventricular ejection fraction and overall longitudinal deformity. Results: Men and women presented the same frequency; mean age was 41.5 ± 11.0 years. During induction, arsenic was suspended in less than half the patients due to corrected QT elevation. In most it was only suspended for one or two days. Most patients had left ventricular ejection fraction values between 61 percent and 70 percent, whereas overall longitudinal deformity was - 24 percent - 22 percent. Conclusions: In the patients studied, cardiac function was not affected by the time elapsed since arsenic trioxide administration or the dose received(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Leucemia Promielocítica Aguda/mortalidade , Leucemia Promielocítica Aguda/terapia , Antraciclinas , Trióxido de Arsênio/uso terapêutico , Registros Médicos , Taxa de Sobrevida , Cardiotoxicidade/tratamento farmacológico
15.
Rev. Eugenio Espejo ; 15(1): 106-108, 20210102.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1145507

RESUMO

El autor, luego de leer el artículo titulado "Leucemia promielocítica aguda M3. Reporte de un caso clínico", (1) publicado en la Revista Eugenio Espejo, tuvo la motivación por dirigirse al equipo editorial y el público en general para referir sus consideraciones al respecto.


The author, after reading the article entitled "Acute promyelocytic leukemia M3. Report of a clinical case", (1) published in the Eugenio Espejo Journal, it was motivated to address the edito- rial team and the general public to express some considerations in this regard.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Leucemia Promielocítica Aguda , Hematologia , Oncologia , Leitura , Sistema Único de Saúde , Motivação
16.
Autops. Case Rep ; 11: e2021339, 2021. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: biblio-1345358

RESUMO

Myeloid sarcoma (MS) is a rare extramedullary neoplasm of myeloid cells, which can arise before, concurrently with, or following hematolymphoid malignancies. We report 04 such cases of MS, diagnosed in this institute over a period of 6 years, during various phases of their respective myeloid neoplasms/leukemias. These cases include MS occurring as a relapse of AML (Case 1), MS occurring as an initial presentation of CML (Case 2), MS occurring during ongoing chemotherapy in APML (Case 3), and MS presenting as a progression of MDS to AML (Case 4). In the absence of relevant clinical history and unemployment of appropriate immunohistochemical (IHC) studies, these cases have a high risk of being frequently misdiagnosed either as Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma (NHL) or small round cell tumors or undifferentiated carcinomas, which may further delay their management, making an already bad prognosis worse. This case series has been designed to throw light on the varied presentation of MS and the lineage differentiation of its neoplastic cells through the application of relevant IHC markers along with their clinical correlation.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pré-Escolar , Adolescente , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Sarcoma Mieloide/patologia , Síndromes Mielodisplásicas/patologia , Leucemia Mielogênica Crônica BCR-ABL Positiva/patologia , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/patologia , Leucemia Promielocítica Aguda/patologia , Erros de Diagnóstico/prevenção & controle
17.
Rev. Hosp. El Cruce ; (27): 35-42, 2020.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1282916

RESUMO

Acute promyelocytic leukemiais a subtype of acute my eloid leukemia characterized by the presence of the PML:RAR aonco proteindueto a specific geneticalteration, translocation (15;17), which avoids my eloid differentiation, generating the accumulation of leukemic promyelocytes with posterior alteration of hemostasis. It presents with symptoms related to pancytopenia and thrombohemorrhagic coagulopathy, and there are few report sof cases with vasculitis secondary to promyelocytic leukemia. The clinical case aimed to describe a particular form of presentation of acute promyelocytic leukemia with vasculitis.


La leucemia promielocítica aguda es un subtipo de leucemia mieloide aguda caracterizada por la presencia de la oncoproteína PML-RARa debido a una alteracióngenéticaespecífica, la translocación (15;17), que impide la diferenciación mieloide generando la acumulación de promielocitos leucémicos y una alteración compleja de la hemostasia. Se presenta con síntomas relacionados a pancitopenia y coagulopatía trombo-hemorrágica existiendo escasos reportes de casos de vasculitis asociada a leucemia. El caso clínico descrito representa una forma particular de presentación de una leucemia promielocítica aguda con vasculitis.


Assuntos
Leucemia Promielocítica Aguda , Tretinoína , Vasculite
18.
Rev. Eugenio Espejo ; 13(2): 62-70, 20191202.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1048531

RESUMO

La leucemia es una neoplásica hemática que contiene múltiples subtipos, entre ellos la leucemia promielocítica aguda, caracterizada por la multiplicación clonal del linaje mieloide y eritroide. El presente caso pertenece a un paciente masculino de 20 años, sin antecedentes de importancia y con un cuadro evolutivo de 20 días con sangrado del dedo anular de la mano derecha, y con ausencia de proceso cicatricial. A partir de los exámenes de laboratorio se identifica bicitopénia eritroide y plaquetaria, con evidencia de un 93% de promielocitos. El tratamiento con ATO, ATRA y Antraciclinas logró una leve mejoría. Durante su estadía hospitalaria desarrolló síndrome de diferenciación, lo que ocasionó su fallecimiento.


Leukemia is a hematic neoplastic that contains multiple subtypes, including acute promyelocytic leukemia, characterized by the clonal multiplication of the myeloid and erythroid lineage. The present case belongs to a 20-year-old male patient without health history of importance and with a 20-day evolutionary picture with bleeding from the ring finger of his right hand, and without scarring process. Erythroid and platelet bicytopenia is identified from laboratory tests with evidence of 93% promyelocytes. The treatment including ATO, ATRA and Anthracyclines achieved a slight improvement. He developed differentiation syndrome during hospitalization, which caused his death.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , Leucemia Promielocítica Aguda , Células Precursoras de Granulócitos , Hematologia , Medula Óssea , Leucemia , Infiltração-Percolação
20.
Rev. pediatr. electrón ; 14(2): 34-38, ago. 2017.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-986850

RESUMO

La leucemia promielocítica aguda (APL) es el subtipo de leucemia mieloide aguda de mejor pronóstico en niños. Su incidencia es menor a 10%. Desde el punto de vista citogenético se observa una translocación t (15;17). En la terapéutica la incorporación del ácido transretinoico ha logrado altas tasas de remisión completa debido a la rápida desaparición de la coagulopatía y, en consecuencia, disminución de la tasa de recaídas, en comparación con el tratamiento de monoterapia. En general es un fármaco bien tolerado pero puede tener reacciones adversas; el más grave es el síndrome de ácido transretinoico (ATRA), potencialmente mortal. Las manifestaciones clínicas son: fiebre, ganancia de peso, infiltrados pulmonares, síndrome de dificultad respiratoria, derrame pleural o pericárdico, hipotensión, insuficiencia hepática y renal. El tratamiento es con suspensión del ácido transretinoico, medidas de apoyo y altas dosis de esteroides. Se presenta un caso clínico del hospital del Niño DIF con APL y Síndrome de ATRA.


The leukemia promyelocytic acute (APL) is the subtype of leukemia myeloid acute of better prognosis in children. Its incidence is less than 10%. From the point of view cytogenetic is observed a translocation t (15; 17). The addition of the acid transretinoico has achieved high rates of complete remission because of the rapid disappearance of the coagulopathy and, consequently, decrease in the rate of relapses, compared with monotherapy treatment. In general it is a well-tolerated drug but can have adverse reactions; the most serious is transretinoico acid (ATRA), potentially fatal syndrome. The manifestations are: fever, weight gain, pulmonary infiltrates, syndrome of shortness of breath, hypotension, pleural effusion or pericardial, hepatic and renal insufficiency. The treatment is with suspension of the acid transretinoico, measures of support and high doses of steroids. It presents a case clinical of the Hospital del Niño DIF with APL and syndrome of ATRA.


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Pré-Escolar , Tretinoína/efeitos adversos , Leucemia Promielocítica Aguda/tratamento farmacológico , Antineoplásicos/efeitos adversos , Derrame Pleural/induzido quimicamente , Insuficiência Respiratória/induzido quimicamente , Síndrome , Evolução Fatal , Febre/induzido quimicamente , Hepatomegalia/induzido quimicamente , Hipóxia/induzido quimicamente
SELEÇÃO DE REFERÊNCIAS
DETALHE DA PESQUISA
...