Luxación controlada de cadera en el tratamiento de la condromatosis sinovial asociada a una lesión tipo cam / Surgical hip dislocation for the treatment of synovial chondromatosis associated with a cam deformity

La condromatosis sinovial es una rara enfermedad benigna del tejido sinovial que puede causar daño articular si no se trata adecuadamente. Mientras que la lesión tipo cam provoca una fricción entre el borde acetabular y la unión cuello-cabeza femoral que puede generar un daño condrolabral y, en su evolución natural, llegar a la artrosis. El tratamiento de la condromatosis sinovial de cadera es controvertido, entre la cirugía abierta o artroscópica, pero debe incluir la extracción completa de los cuerpos libres y la sinovectomía para evitar recurrencias. Por el contrario, la lesión tipo cam puede manejarse con artroscopia en la mayoría de los casos. Presentamos un caso clínico en el que se asocian ambas patologías y que fue tratado mediante luxación controlada de cadera. La elección de la luxación controlada permite una visión completa de la articulación y se ha utilizado con éxito en casos de condromatosis sinovial asociada a la lesión tipo cam. Nivel de Evidencia: IV

Synovial chondromatosis is a rare benign disease of the synovial tissue that can cause joint damage if not properly treated. On the other hand, cam deformity causes friction between the acetabular rim and the femoral neck-head junction, which can lead to chondrolabral damage and, in its natural progression, result in osteoarthritis. The treatment of synovial chondromatosis of the hip is controversial, involving open surgery or arthroscopy, but it should include complete removal of loose bodies and synovectomy to prevent recurrences. In contrast, a cam lesion can often be managed with arthroscopy. We present a clinical case where both conditions were associated and treated with controlled hip dislocation. The choice of controlled dislocation allows for a comprehensive view of the joint and has been successfully used in cases of synovial chondromatosis associated with cam lesions. Level of Evidence: IV

Osteocondromatosis sinovial de hombro. Una enfermedad poco frecuente / Shoulder synovial osteocondromatosis. A rare disease

RESUMEN La osteocondromatosis sinovial es una condición poco común que se caracteriza por la formación de nódulos cartilaginosos u óseos comúnmente visto en las articulaciones sobretodo en la rodilla, sin embargo en el hombro esta condición es rara. Presentamos un caso clínico de una mujer de 35 años de edad con dolor en hombro izquierdo de larga evolución, tratado de manera conservadora antes de ser referido a un ortopedista. Luego de un diagnostico clínico y radiológico se sometió a tratamiento quirúrgico en la que se realizó un desbridamiento y escisión de los cuerpos condrales con éxito. Palabras claves: Condromatosis sinovial, tratamiento, adulto joven, mujer

ABSTRACTSynovial osteochondromatosis is a rare condition characterized by the formation of cartilage or bone nodules commonly seen in the joints, especially in the knee, however, this condition is rare in the shoulder. We present a clinical case of a 35-year-old woman with a long history of left shoulder pain, treated conservatively before being referred to an orthopedist. After a clinical and radiological diagnosis, she underwent surgical treatment in which a successful debridement and excision of the chondral bodies was performed

Osteocondromatosis sinovial de rodilla: una causa infrecuente de gonalgia en edad pediátrica / Synovial chondromatosis of the knee. A rare cause of knee pain in pediatric age

La osteocondromatosis sinovial es una metaplasia benigna de la membrana sinovial que afecta a 1 de cada 100 000 personas, en su mayoría adultos, y es extremadamente infrecuente en edad pediátrica. Predomina en grandes articulaciones, sobre todo la rodilla, y la sintomatología es, por lo general, inespecífica. Dado que la radiografía simple no suele ser concluyente, se recurre a la resonancia magnética nuclear y a la tomografía axial computarizada para orientar el diagnóstico. Se expone el caso de una paciente de 10 años de edad con gonalgia y dismorfia en la patela izquierda de seis meses de evolución, con diagnóstico de osteocondromatosis sinovial. Se presenta el caso dado que se trata de una entidad muy rara en niños, pero que requiere un tratamiento quirúrgico precoz para evitar sus posibles complicaciones, como la destrucción articular progresiva o la malignización a condrosarcoma.

Synovial osteochondromatosis consists of a synovial metaplasia which affects 1 per 100 000 people. It is a very rare disease among children. It typically affects large joints of the body, especially the knee. Due to the lack of specificity of the signs and symptoms and X-Ray images, imaging tests such as nuclear magnetic resonance or computerized tomography are frequently needed for diagnosis.We report a case of a ten-year-old female patient with a six months history of pain and deformity of left patella which was diagnosed with synovial osteochondromatosis. This case highlights the importance of clinical suspicion, not only because it is an extremely rare disease in children, but also because it needs a surgical treatment as soon as possible in order to avoid consequences it might have in pediatric age, as joint destruction or malignization to chondrosarcoma.

Surgical treatment of a rare bilateral synovial chondromatosis

Synovial chondromatosis (SC) in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is an uncommon entity, mostly when the involvement is bilateral. The authors report a rare case of bilateral SC, with a follow-up of 13 months, and a literature review. A 60-year-old Caucasian woman, with the chief complaint of pain for 6 years in the bilateral pre-auricular region, had a progressive clacking and discomfort on the left side during mouth opening. The panoramic image was suggestive of SC. The bilateral lesion was surgically removed by direct access. Histopathological examination confirmed the clinical diagnosis of bilateral SC. This article shows the importance of a multidisciplinary approach for the early diagnosis and appropriate treatment. Also, it encourages the referral of such cases to professionals with a greater familiarity with this entity.

Condromatosis Sinovial Primaria de la Articulación Temporomandibular con Extensión a Hueso Temporal. Reporte de un Caso y Revisión de la Literatura / Primary Synovial Chondromatosis of the Temporomandibular Joint with Temporal Bone Extension. Case Report and Literature Review

RESUMEN: La condromatosis sinovial (CS), es una lesión benigna poco frecuente y de clínica bastante inespecífica. Suele afectar articulaciones de huesos largos como la rodilla, el codo y la cadera, presentándose generalmente de manera unilateral. Se cree que solo un 3 % de los casos de CS afecta la articulación temporomandibular. Esta condición se caracteriza por ser un trastorno metaplásico del tejido conectivo sinovial que suele manifestarse con la formación de pequeños y múltiples nódulos de cartílago que posteriormente pueden desprenderse, calcificarse y formar cuerpos libres dentro del espacio articular. Presentamos el caso de una mujer de 55 años con condromatosis sinovial de la articulación temporomandibular, tratada desde hace 3 años bajo el diagnóstico de desórdenes temporomandibulares. A pesar de ser considerada una lesión de tipo benigna, esta puede llegar a ser localmente agresiva, extendiéndose como en nuestro reporte hacia la fosa craneal media, adelgazando parte del hueso temporal.

ABSTRACT: Synovial chondromatosis (CS) is a benign lesion that is rare and clinically quite nonspecific. It usually affects the joints of long bones such as the knee, elbow and hip, usually occurring unilaterally. It is believed that in only 3 % of cases of CS the temporomandibular joint. This is a condition its characterized by being a metaplastic synovial connective tissue that manifests itself with the formation of small and multiple cartridges that detach, calcify and form free bodies within the joint space. We present the case of a 55-year-old woman with synovial chondromatosis of the temporomandibular joint, treated for 3 years under the diagnosis of temporomandibular disorders. Despite being considered a benign lesion, this can become locally aggressive, extending as in our report to the cranial fossa, thinning part of the temporal bone.

Extensive Synovial Chondromatosis Involving All Flexor Tendons in the Tarsal Tunnel: A Case Report / Condromatose sinovial extensa envolvendo todos os tendões do túnel do tarso: relato de caso

Abstract Synovial chondromatosis is a rare condition characterized by benign chondrogenic metaplasia of extra-articular synovial tissue. It usually affects a single tendon sheath of the hand or foot. This report describes a rare case with extensive synovial chondromatosis affecting all flexor tendons in the tarsal tunnel, its radiological features, surgical treatment, and clinical outcome. The authors present a unique case of extensive synovial chondromatosis in a 48-year-old male involving the tendon sheaths of the flexor hallucis longus, flexor digitorum longus, and posterior tibialis tendons, at the level of the tarsal tunnel, with extension into the plantar aspect of the foot. The patient initially presentedwith symptoms of tarsal tunnel compression and was found to have a 4-cm mass in the posteromedial aspect of the ankle. The presumptive diagnosis of synovial chondromatosiswasmadebased on radiographic and magnetic resonance imaging evidence. The patient underwent surgical resection of the tumor, aswell as tarsal tunnel releaseandgastrocnemius recession. The diagnosiswas confirmed postoperatively by surgical histopathology. The postoperative course of the patient was uncomplicated and his tarsal tunnel symptoms resolved. This represents a case of extensive synovial chondromatosis involving all flexor tendons in the tarsal tunnel that was correctly diagnosed by clinical and imaging findings, which required early surgical resection to avoid long-term neurovascular complications.

Resumo A condromatose sinovial é uma condição rara caracterizada por metaplasia condrogênica benigna do tecido sinovial extra-articular, que geralmente afeta uma única bainha tendínea da mão ou do pé. O objetivo é relatar o caso raro de um paciente com diagnóstico de condromatose sinovial extensa afetando todos os tendões flexores na topografia do túnel do tarso, suas características radiológicas, tratamento cirúrgico e desfecho clínico. Os autores apresentam um caso único de condromatose sinovial extensa em um homem de 48 anos envolvendo as bainhas dos tendões flexor longo do hálux, flexor longo dos dedos e tibial posterior, na topografia do túnel do tarso, com extensão para a região plantar do retropé. O sintoma inicial foi de compressão neurovascular (síndrome do túnel do tarso). A suspeita diagnóstica foi condromatose sinovial com base em evidências radiográficas e de ressonância magnética. O paciente foi submetido a ressecção cirúrgica do tumor, bem como a liberação do túnel tarsal e alongamento do tendão dos gastrocnêmios. O diagnóstico foi confirmado por exame histopatológico do espécime colhido no período intraoperatório. A evolução pósoperatória do paciente ocorreu sem complicações e os sintomas da síndrome do túnel do tarso cessaram. Os autores relatam um caso de condromatose sinovial extensa envolvendo todos os tendões flexores do túnel do tarso, corretamente diagnosticado por achados clínicos e radiológicos e que necessitou de ressecção cirúrgica precoce para evitar complicações neurovasculares em longo prazo.

Presentación inusual de condromatosis sinovial de la rodilla: caso reportado / Unusual presentation of synovial chondromatosis of the knee. Case report

La condromatosis sinovial se caracteriza por la formación de múltiples nódulos cartilaginosos intraarticulares del tejido subsinovial, que puede ser diagnosticada erróneamente debido a la ausencia de un examen físico, o de hallazgos en RM característicos en etapas iniciales. Se presenta un caso de una mujer de 33 años que consulta por dolor, pseudobloqueo y contractura en flexión de rodilla izquierda sin antecedente traumático previo. Debido a la sospecha de condromatosis sinovial de rodilla, se indicó la exploración artroscópica. Intraoperatoriamente se identificaron múltiples cuerpos sueltos intra y extraarticulares cartilaginosos: se realizó una sinovectomía radical y extracción de cuerpos libres. Al año de seguimiento, el paciente recuperó el rango completo de movimiento y retornó íntegramente a la actividad deportiva. Los resultados del presente informe indican que, en casos en los que existe una sospecha de condromatosis sinovial, la exploración artroscópica es un método eficaz para el diagnóstico y tratamiento con resultados satisfactorios. Tipo de estudio: Reporte de caso. Nivel de evidencia: IV

We report an unusual presentation of synovial chondromatosis of the knee in a 33-year-old women. At this unusual age and location, there is a greater probability of missed diagnosis, due to the lack of definite informative incidence, and difficulty in finding the lesions. In this case, intra and extraarticular multiple loose bodies were hidden. After careful arthroscopic inspection, we found numerous cartilaginous loose bodies and removed them with arthroscopy in association with sinovectomy. Synovial chondromatosis, is a rare, benign condition characterized by the formation of multiple intraarticular cartilaginous nodules from the subsynovial tissue. Synovial chondromatosis can be often misdiagnosed due to the lack of a specific physical exam or MRI findings in early stages. The present report examines a 33-year-old female with symptoms of left knee flexion contracture, pain mechanical locking without previous traumatic event. Following admittance, an arthroscopic exploration was conducted. Multiple cartilage-like intra and extraarticular loose bodies were identified in the patient's joints during surgery. Radical synovectomy and removal of loose bodies were performed. Following one year follow-up, the patient recovered full range of motion and returned to sports activities. The results of the present report indicate that, in cases where synovial chondromatosis is suspected, arthroscopic exploration is an effective method for diagnosis and treatment with satisfactory results. Type of Study: Case report. Level of evidence: IV

Bilateral symmetrical synovial chondromatosis of shoulder: a case report / Condromatose sinovial simétrica bilateral do ombro: relato de caso

ABSTRACT Synovial chondromatosis is a benign arthropathy rarely seen in diarthrodial joints. Extra-articular bilateral symmetrical synovial chondromatosis of shoulder is the rarest variety. The diagnosis is established with the help of imaging modalities and histopathological examinations. This report describes a case of a 39-year-old woman who presented with symmetrical, progressively increasing swelling over the bilateral shoulder region, of 12-18 months duration, with dull ache and restricted movements of the shoulder joints. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and ultrasonography (USG) revealed large bilateral subacromial-subdeltoid bursal swelling with loose floating bodies. Surgical excision of extensive bilateral bursa was performed at four weeks of interval. Histopathological examination revealed synovial chondromatosis on either side. Postoperative recovery occurred without complications.

RESUMO A condromatose sinovial é uma artropatia benigna raramente vista em articulações diartrodiais. A condromatose sinovial simétrica bilateral extra-articular do ombro é a variedade mais rara. O diagnóstico é estabelecido com a ajuda de exames de imagem e histopatológicos. Este relato descreve o caso de uma paciente de 39 anos, com aumento de volume progressivo simétrico sobre a região bilateral do ombro com 12-18 meses de duração com dor entorpecido e limitação dos movimentos das articulações do ombro. A ressonância magnética e a ultrassonografia revelaram um grande aumento de volume da bursa subacromial subdeltoidea bilateral com corpos livres flutuantes. A excisão cirúrgica extensa da bursa bilateral foi feita com quatro semanas de intervalo. O exame histopatológico revelou condromatose sinovial em ambos os lados. A recuperação pós-operatória transcorreu sem complicações.

Arthroscopic treatment of synovial chondromatosis of the ankle / Tratamento artroscópico de condromatose sinovial do tornozelo

ABSTRACT Synovial chondromatosis is a rare proliferative disease, characterized by the occurrence of metaplasia in the synovium of the joints. These lesions become pedunculated; with the evolution of the disease they become detached, leading to intra-articular loose-bodies. It occurs more frequently in males between the third and fifth decades of life, usually affecting large joints such as the knee and hip. Smaller joints, such as the ankle, are less frequently affected. Patients report articular pain, blockage, and limited range of motion caused by the loose fragments. As the disease progresses, the joint undergoes degenerative changes. This report describes a case of synovial chondromatosis of the ankle, treated by arthroscopy. The patient, a 59 year-old male, complained of pain and swelling of the left ankle. Physical evaluation showed limited tibiotarsal mobility (plantar flexion of 20° and dorsiflexion of 5°). After physical and imaging evaluation, the patient underwent ankle arthroscopy due to impingement of the joint, with limitation of mobility. Arthroscopic treatment allowed easy access to the joint, removal of loose bodies, and partial synovectomy, with low morbidity and early rehabilitation. The final prognosis was excellent.

RESUMO A condromatose sinovial é uma doença proliferativa, rara e caracterizada pela ocorrência de metaplasia na sinovial das articulações. Essas lesões tornam-se pediculadas e à medida que a doença evolui, as lesões se soltam, dão origem a corpos livres intra-articulares. A prevalência é maior em homens entre a terceira e quinta décadas de vida, atingindo normalmente grandes articulações como o joelho e o quadril. Articulações menores, como o tornozelo, são afetadas com menos frequência.Os pacientes referem dor articular, bloqueio e limitação da mobilidade causados pelos fragmentos livres. Com o evoluir da doença, a articulação sofre alterações degenerativas. Os autores apresentam um caso clínico de condromatose sinovial do tornozelo, tratado por artroscopia. O doente, do sexo masculino e de 59 anos, referia queixas de dor e edema do tornozelo esquerdo. Ao exame físico, apresentava limitação da mobilidade da tibiotársica (flexão plantar e dorsiflexão de 20° e 5°, respectivamente). Após avaliação clínica e estudo imagiológico, foi proposta artroscopia do tornozelo para tratamento de pinçamento articular com limitação da mobilidade. O tratamento artroscópico permitiu um fácil acesso à articulação, remoção dos corpos livres e sinovectomia parcial, com baixa morbilidade e reabilitação precoce. O prognóstico final foi excelente.

Bloqueo articular de codo por condromatosis sinovial: reporte de caso y revisión de literatura / Articular block of synovial chondromatosis of the elbow: case report and literature review

Introducción: La condromatosis sinovial es una patología benigna, infrecuente, de etiología desconocida en la que se desarrollauna metaplasia cartilaginosa del tejido sinovial. Se caracteriza por la formación de nódulos que son liberados en la cavidadarticular. El tratamiento consiste en la extracción de los cuerpos libres intraarticulares, preferentemente por vía artroscópica.Objetivo: reportar un caso de condromatosis sinovial de codo con bloqueo articular al que se le realizó extracción artroscópicade los cuerpos libres intraarticulares. Conjuntamente se efectuó una revisión bibliográfica de dicha infrecuente patología.Reporte de caso: Paciente masculino que presenta dolor, tumefacción, crepitación y limitación del rango de movimientoen flexo-extensión. En la radiografía se observan múltiples imágenes nodulares calcificadas en la cámara anterior yposterior del codo. En RMN y TAC se evidencian dichos nódulos depositados en las fosas olecraneana y coronoidea,asociados con cambios degenerativosarticulares. Se realiza extracción de los cuerpos libres intraarticulares ycapsulectomía parcial por vía artroscópica. Se confirma el diagnóstico de condromatosis sinovial por histopatología. En elpostoperatorio el paciente mejoró la sintomatología y aumentó el rango de flexo-extensión...

Introduction: Synovial chondromatosis is an infrequent, benign pathology of unknown etiology in which a cartilaginous metaplasia of synovial tissue develops. It is characterized by the formation of nodules that are released into the joint cavity. Treatment involves removal of intra-articular loose bodies, preferably arthroscopically. Objective: To report a case of synovial chondromatosis elbow joint to lock who underwent arthroscopic removal of intra-articular loose bodies. Together a literature review of this rare entity was made. Case report: Male patient has pain, swelling, crepitus and limitation of range of motion in flexion and extension. Multiple nodular radiographic images calcified in the anterior and posterior chamber elbow observed. MRI and CT in these nodules deposited in the olecranon and coronoid pits associated with degenerative articular changes are evident. Removal of intra-articular loose bodies and partial capsulectomy is performed arthroscopically. The diagnosis of synovial chondromatosis confirmed by histopathology. Postoperatively the patient improved symptoms and increased the range of flexion and extension...

Tratamiento artroscopico de la condromatosis sinovial en tobillo. reporte de caso y revision de la literatura / Arthroscopic treatment for synovial chondromatosis of the ankle. case report and literature review

La condromatosis sinovial es una enfermedad de etiología desconocida, poco frecuente, benigna, caracterizada por la formación de nódulos cartilaginosos metaplásicos dentro de la sinovial, bursa o vaina de tendones. Estos nódulos pueden desprenderse y convertirse en cuerpos libres dentro de la articulación. Afecta a los hombres dos veces más que las mujeres y, por lo general, ocurre entre la tercera y quinta década de la vida. Este proceso monoarticular afecta más comúnmente a la rodilla, seguido de la cadera, el codo, el hombro y tobillo. La afección extraarticular puede ocurrir si la proliferación de cuerpos libres rompen a través de la cápsula de la articulación o si las estructuras sinoviales fuera de la articulación (por ejemplo, vainas de los tendones, bursas) están involucradas. Se presenta un paciente de sexo masculino de 30 años de edad que acude por dolor en tobillo derecho, disminución del rango de movilidad y limitación progresiva para la deambulación de un año y medio de evolución. Al examen físico presentaba clínica de síndrome friccional anterior en tobillo, rango de movilidad limitado (flexión plantar 25º y dorsal 20º. No presenta antecedentes de inestabilidad previa ni comorbilidades. Con la presunción diagnóstica de condromatosis sinovial de tobillo se decidió llevar a cabo una artroscopia anterior de tobillo diagnóstica y terapéutica. Al año postoperatorio presentaba 30º de flexión plantar y 25º de flexión dorsal, sin dolor y sin recurrencia en las imágenes radiográficas. El escore del American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society mejoro de 49 puntos en el preoperatorio a 97 puntos en el postoperatorio. En el caso presentado la artrosocopía permitió el tratamiento de la condromatosis sinovial de tobillo con buen resultado al año.

Synovial chondromatosis is an uncommon, benign disease of unknown etiology characterized by the formation of metaplastic cartilaginous nodes within the synovial bursa or tendon sheath. These nodules may break off and become free in the articular joint. It affects men twice more than women and usually occurs between the third and fifth decade of life. This monoarticular process most commonly affects the knee, followed by the hip, elbow, shoulder and ankle. The extra-articular condition can occur if the proliferation of loose bodies break through the joint capsule or synovial structures outside the joint (eg, tendon sheaths, bursae) are involved. We present a male patient of 30 years old who consulted for right ankle pain, decreased range of motion and progressive ambulation limitation for a year and a half of evolution. Physical examination showed clinical anterior impingement, limited dorsal and plantar flexion (25 and 20 degrees respectively), without instability. No history of relevance. With the suspected diagnosis of synovial chondromatosis it was decided to carry out a diagnostic and therapeutic arthroscopy of the ankle. At a year postoperative showed 30 degrees plantar flexion and 25 degrees of dorsiflexion, painlessly and without recurrence in radiographic images. The American orthopaedic foot and ankle society score improves from 49 in the preop to 97 in the postop. Arthroscopic treatment for ankle synovial chondromatosis provides acceptable improvement of clinical symptoms and range of motion at a year postop.

Metotrexato en condromatosis sinovial: una serendipia / Methotrexate in sinovial chondromatosis: a case of serendipity

La condromatosis sinovial es una metaplasia idiopática benigna de la membrana sinovial que afecta a 1/100.000 habitantes, en una relación hombre/mujer de 3 a 1 entre los 30 y 50 años. Predomina en grandes articulaciones como rodilla (70%), cadera (20%) y hombro (19%), y en menor proporción en codo y tobillo. Puede ser primaria o secundaria. La etiología es desconocida. La resolución es quirúrgica ya sea por artroscopia o por cirugía a cielo abierto, no existiendo otra alternativa terapéutica. Se presenta el caso clínico de un paciente con condromatosis sinovial en hombro derecho, que se comporta como una artropatía erosiva, indicándose metotrexato y resolviendo casi totalmente los nódulos condromatosos.

The synovial chondromatosis is a benign idiopathic metaplasia ofthe synovial membrane which affects one in 100,000 inhabitants. Itis 3 times more common in males, aged between 30 and 50 yearsold. It is commonly found in large joints such as knee (70%), hip(20%) and shoulder (19%) and less frequently in elbow and heel. Itcan be primary or secondary. The etiology is still unknown.The resolution is surgical by means of arthroscopy or open surgery,existing no other therapeutic alternatives.We present a male patient with primary synovial chondromatosis inthe right shoulder, leading to an erosive arthropathy. Treatment withmethotrexate resolved almost entirely the cartilaginous nodules.

Condromatosis sinovial extrarticular de pie. Reporte de un caso y revision bibliografica / Extra-articular synovial chondromatosis of the foot. Case report and literature review

La condromatosis sinovial es una lesión poco frecuente caracterizada por la metaplasia cartilaginosa de la membrana sinovial de pequeñas y grandes articulaciones. Se suelen observar múltiples nódulos cartilaginosos y un grado variable de destrucción articular. Las manifestaciones clínicas son variables y dependen de la localización y el estadio de la enfermedad. Nuestra paciente concurrió con una tumoración en la planta del pie a nivel de la raíz del segundo y tercer dedo, de meses de evolución. Luego de los estudios por imágenes correspondientes y evidenciar la extensión dorsal de la lesión, se decidió realizar la resección en bloque a través de doble abordaje; el análisis anatomopatológico informó condromatosis sinovial. La ausencia de extensión intrarticular fue constatada en la cirugía. Este caso representa una manifestación poco frecuente de la patología no solo por su localización, sino también por su ubicación extrarticular. Según nuestra búsqueda bibliográfica, no se han publicado reportes de casos con condromatosis sinovial extrarticular avanzada (grado 3) en el antepié y creemos que debería ser considerada dentro de las lesiones tumorales de aspecto cartilaginoso en esta localización.

Synovial chondromatosis is a rare condition characterized by synovial metaplasia of the synovial layer affecting large and small joints. Multiple cartilaginous nodules and a variable degree of joint destruction are frequently observed. The clinical presentation varies and depends on the localization and grade of the condition. This patient presented with a painful plantar tumor in the root of the second and third finger. After the correct imaging studies en bloc resection using a double approach was performed. The histopathological exam informed synovial chondromatosis. Absence of joint involvement was confirmed during surgery. This case represents a rare presentation of the synovial chondromatosis not only for the localization on the foot but also for its extra-articular location. According to our literature review, case reports on highgrade extra-articular synovial chondromatosis of the forefoot are lacking, and we think that this entity must be considered in the differential diagnosis of the tumoral cartilaginous lesions in this location.

Tratamiento artroscopico en condromatosis sinovial primaria de hombro y corredera bicipital. reporte de un caso / Arthroscopic treatment for synovial chondromatosis of the shoulder. case report

La condromatosis sinovial es una entidad patológica poco frecuente donde se desarrollan cuerpos de aspectos cartilaginosos a partir de la membrana sinovial de articulaciones, bursas o vainas tendinosas, generando cuerpos libres productores de la sintomatología. Presentamos un caso de 16 años que consulta con dolor de hombro derecho, progresivo sin antecedente de trauma previo, de 3 años de evolución. Se realizan estudios imagenológicos correspondientes llegando a la conclusión diagnostica de condromatosis sinovial de hombro. Se realiza el tratamiento quirúrgico definitivo por artroscopía, logrando remisión de los síntomas y evolución favorable sin recidiva hasta los 5 años de evolucion.

Synovial chondromatosis is a rare pathological entity where cartilaginous aspects develop from the synovial membrane of joints, bursae or tendinous sheaths, generating free bodies that produce symptoms. We present a 16-year-old male with 3 years of right shoulder pain, progressive with not previous trauma. Imaging studies are carried out, arriving at the diagnostic of synovial chondromatosis of the shoulder. The final surgical treatment is performed by arthroscopy, achieving remission of symptoms and favorable evolution without recurrence until 5 years of evolution.

Tratamento artroscópico da osteocondromatose sinovial do cotovelo. Relato de caso e revisão da literatura / Arthroscopic treatment of synovial osteochondromatosis of the elbow. Case report and literature review

A osteocondromatose sinovial é uma patologia proliferativa com metaplasia benigna da membrana sinovial que afeta os fibroblastos das articulações sinoviais, dos tendões e das bursas. Na literatura, existem poucas descrições de osteocondromatose sinovial do cotovelo. O objetivo deste artigo foi relatar um caso de osteocondromatose sinovial de cotovelo em um paciente de 32 anos, sexo masculino, atleta de basquete, no qual se optou pelo tratamento cirúrgico devido ao quadro clínico com dor e limitação funcional e ao estágio da doença com múltiplos corpos livres. Paciente apresentou dor e limitação do arco de movimento do cotovelo. O arco de movimento passivo era de 100° de flexão e -30° de extensão. Na resso nância magnética observaram-se diversos corpos livres, principalmente no compartimento posterior na fossa do olecrano, além de algumas lesões condrais no capítulo. Optou-se pelo tratamento artroscópico com a feitura de dois portais anteriores (medial e lateral) e dois pos teriores (posterior padrão e posterolateral) para remoção dos corpos livres e osteoplastia da fossa olecraniana. A escala visual analógica da dor foi de 9 para 3 e seu arco de movimento ativo foi para 110° de flexão e -20° de extensão. Na escala de desempenho da Clínica Mayo o paciente foi de 65 pontos no pré-operatório para 90 no pós-operatório com nove meses de seguimento e satisfeito com o resultado. O tratamento artroscópico da osteocondromatose sinovial do cotovelo mostra-se com uma opcão terapêutica eficaz e segura no manejo terapêutico dessa patologia, apresenta baixa morbidade e retorno precoce às atividades.

Synovial osteochondromatosis is a benign proliferative disorder with metaplasia of the synovial membrane that affects the fibroblasts of the synovial joints, tendons and bursae. In literature, there are few descriptions of synovial osteochondromatosis of the elbow. The objective of this article was to report a case of synovial osteochondromatosis of the elbow in a patient aged 32, basketball athlete, in which surgical treatment was chosen because of the pain and functional limitation and stage of disease with multiple loose bodies. Patient 32, male, presented with pain and limitation of motion of the elbow. The range of passive motion was 100° of flexion and 30° extension. The range of active motion was 40-90°. Magnetic resonance observed many loose bodies mainly in the posterior compartment in the olecranon fossa plus some chondral lesions in the capitellum. The arthroscopic treatment was chosen with two anteriors portals (medial and lateral) and two posterior portals (standard posterior and posterolateral) for easing loose bodies and osteoplasty of the olecranon fossa. The visual analog scale pain was 9-3 and its arc of active motion was 110° to -20° of flexion and extension. On a scale of performance from Mayo Clinic patients was 65 points preoperatively to 90 postoperatively with 9 months follow-up and the patient was satisfied with the treatment outcome. Arthroscopic treatment of synovial osteochondromatosis of the elbow is an effective and safe therapeutic management with low morbidity and early return to activities.

Condromatosis sinovial en la articulación temporomandibular: presentación de caso clínico / Synovial chondromatosis of the temporomandibular joint: clinical case presentation

Objetivo: presentar las características clínicas y por imágenes de un paciente con condromatosis sinovial en la articulación temporomandibular izquierda y el tratamiento realizado. Caso clínico: la condromatosis sinovial es una artropatía benigna crónica, progresiva y proliferativa, que suele afectar las articulaciones largas y, con poca frecuencia, la articulación temporomandibular. En este último caso, la enfermedad se caracteriza por el desarrollo de nódulo cartilaginosos en el espacio articular. Los síntomas clínicos de condromatosis sinovial en la ATM son dolor, inflamación, crepitación, maloclusión y disfunción. Esta sintomatología es común a la de otras patologías en la misma articulación, por lo que la sospecha y el diagnóstico de condromatosis sinovial son en sí un desafío. Conclusión: la condromatosis sinovial es una patología poco frecuente en la articulación temporomandibular. Una vez diagnosticada, yta sea en estadíos tempranos o avanzados, se puede optar por diversos tratamientos, con excelentes pronósticos.

Tumor formation in Hoffa's infrapatellar fat: Case report / Tumoração na gordura infrapatelar de Hoffa - Relato de caso

Although tumors or pseudotumoral lesions are rare in the infrapatellar fat, they may affect it. Osteochondroma is the commonest benign bone tumor. However, extraskeletal presentations are rare. There are three extraskeletal variants of osteochondroma: synovial chondromatosis, para-articular chondroma and soft-tissue chondroma. We present a case of a single intra-articular lesion in the area of Hoffa's fat, in a 78-year-old female patient with a complaint of progressive knee pain associated with severe arthrosis. From the clinical and radiological findings, the diagnosis was para-articular osteochondroma. However, the histopathological findings, after excision of the lesion, showed that this was synovial chondromatosis secondary to osteoarthrosis...

Tumores ou lesões pseudotumorais, apesar de raros, podem acometer a gordura infrapatelar. O osteocondroma é o tumor ósseo benigno mais comum. Entretanto, sua apresentação extraesquelética é rara. Três são as variantes do osteocondroma extraesquelético: a condromatose sinovial, o condroma para-articular e o condroma de partes moles. Apresentamos um caso de lesão intra-articular única na topografia da gordura de Hoffa em uma paciente feminina de 78 anos com queixa de dor progressiva em joelho associada a artrose grave. Pelos achados clínicos e radiológicos o diagnóstico foi de osteocondroma para-articular. Entretanto, os achados histopatológicos - após exérese da lesão - evidenciaram condromatose sinovial secundária a osteoartrose...

Cirugía endoscópica de la articulación temporomandibular: condromatosis sinovial / Endoscopic surgery of the temporomandibular joint: synovial chondromatosis / Cirurgia endoscópica de la articulação temporomandibular: condromatose sinovial

La condromatosis sinovial es una metaplasia cartilaginosa del tejido sinovial de las articulaciones. Es una enfermedad de etiología desconocida e infrecuente. Su localización en la articulación temporomandibular es más rara aún. Se describe el caso clínico de una paciente con diagnóstico de condromatosis sinovial de la articulación temporomandibular tratada con éxito mediante un abordaje quirúrgico combinado: externo y con endoscopios de 4 mm. Se realizó una revisión de la bibliografía sobre la información existente de la condromatosis sinovial.

Synovial chondromatosis is a cartilaginous metaplasia of the synovial tissue of joints. It is a disease of unknown etiology and infrequent. Its location in the temporomandibular joint is still more unusual. The case of a patient is described with a diagnosis of synovial chondromatosis of the temporomandibular joint successfully treated with a combined surgical approach: external and with 4 mm endoscopes. A review of the literature was conducted on the existing information on synovial chondromatosis.

A condromatose sinovial é uma metaplasia cartilaginosa do tecido sinovial das articulações. É uma doença de etiologia desconhecida e pouco frequente. A sua localização na articulação temporomandibular é ainda mais rara. Descreve-se o caso clínico de uma paciente com diagnóstico de condromatose sinovial da articulação temporomandibular tratada com sucesso mediante uma abordagem cirúrgica combinada: externa e com endoscópios de 4 mm. Realizou-se uma revisão da bibliografia sobre a informação existente da condromatose sinovial.

Condromatosis sinovial de cadera. Tratamiento artroscópico / Hip synovial chondromatosis. Arthroscopic treatment

Introducción: La condromatosis sinovial se define como una lesión metaplásica benigna, de baja incidencia en cadera. La técnica ideal de tratamiento genera controversia por la probable recurrencia y la progresión degenerativa descrita para técnicas tanto a cielo abierto como artroscópicas. El objetivo de este trabajo es reportar la técnica quirúrgica y los resultados a corto plazo en una serie de pacientes con condromatosis sinovial de cadera tratados por vía artroscópica. Materiales y Métodos: Entre abril de 2007 y mayo de 2011, 10 pacientes (9 mujeres y 1 hombre, edad promedio 38 años; rango 17-53) fueron operados por vía artroscópica a causa de una condromatosis sinovial de cadera. Se evaluaron la técnica quirúrgica, los resultados clínicos y radiológicos, y el grado de satisfacción con el procedimiento. La escala funcional de Harris modificada preoperatoria fue de 51 puntos (rango 49-54). La histología diferida confirmó el diagnóstico en todos los casos. El seguimiento prospectivo fue, en promedio, de 35 meses (rango 24-47). Resultados: En todos los casos, se realizó una técnica artroscópica convencional para extraer cuerpos libres y sinovectomía parcial anterolateral. En tres pacientes, se amplió la incisión de uno de los portales para extraer cuerpos de gran diámetro. La escala funcional de Harris modificada posoperatoria fue, en promedio, de 88 puntos (rango 85-91). No se observó progreso degenerativo articular radiológico en el último control. Todos los pacientes se mostraron satisfechos con el procedimiento. No se registraron complicaciones. Conclusiones: Los resultados a corto plazo favorables coinciden con los publicados. Los pacientes con condromatosis sinovial de cadera pueden ser tratados por vía artroscópica en forma segura y eficaz. Diseño del estudio: Estudio terapéutico Nivel de evidencia: IV...

Background: Synovial chondromatosis is defined as a benign metaplastic lesion, with a low incidence in hips. The ideal treatment technique is controversial due to the probable recurrence and degenerative progression described with both arthroscopic and open surgery. The aim of this study is to report the surgical technique and shortterm results in a series of patients with synovial chondromatosis treated with arthroscopic hip. Methods: From April 2007 to May 2011, 10 patients (9 women and a man; average age 38 years; range 17-53) underwent hip arthroscopy for synovial chondromatosis. Surgical technique, clinical and radiological results, and satisfaction with the procedure were evaluated. The preoperative modified Harris hip functional scale was 51 points (range 49-54). Delayed histology confirmed diagnosis in all cases. Prospective follow-up averaged 35 months (range 24-47). Results: The conventional arthroscopic technique to extract loose bodies and partial anterolateral synovectomy were performed in all patients. In three patients incision of one of the portals was extended to extract bodies of large diameter. The postoperative modified Harris hip functional scale averaged 88 points (range 85-91). No radiographic joint degenerative progress was seen at the last control. All patients were satisfied with the procedure. There were no complications. Conclusions: Favorable short-term results are consistent with those reported in the literature. Patients with synovial chondromatosis can be treated with hip arthroscopy safely and effectively. Design of the Study: Therapeutic. Level of Evidence: IV...

Condromatose sinovial de joelho: relato de caso / Synovial chondromatosis of the knee: case report

Os autores apresentam o relato de caso de um paciente ex-atleta de futebol com osteocondromatose sinovial em joelho.

The authors report the case of a patient with synovial osteochondromatosis of the knee, who had previously been a soccer player.