Patología dermatológica facial asociada al uso de la mascarilla durante la pandemia causada por el virus Sars-CoV-2 / Facial dermatological pathology associated with use of the mask during the pandemic caused by the Sars-CoV-2 virus

The use of facemask has become a key element to prevent the infection of Covid-19. Its prolonged use, both, by health personnel and the general population, has caused the appearance of multiple adverse effects at the facial level; highlighting the report of symptoms such as discomfort with the mask, facial itching, redness, erythema, among others. The appearance of dermatological diseases such as acne, allergic and irritative contact dermatitis, and exacerbation of pre-existing pathologies such as acne, rosacea and seborrheic dermatitis are also frequent. Knowledge of these complications is important for their prevention and proper management. (AU)

Hamartoma folicular basaloide / Basaloid follicular hamartoma

O hamartoma folicular basaloide (HFB) é um tumor anexial raro e benigno, que se assemelha ao carcinoma basocelular (CBC), e pode apresentar manifestações clínicas diversas. Uma mutação no gene PTCH, envolvido na síndrome de Gorlin-Goltz, poderia estar associada à patogênese dessa neoplasia. Descreve-se caso de menina, sete anos, apresentando múltiplas pápulas na face.

Basaloid follicular hamartoma (BFH) is a rare and benign adnexal tumor that resembles basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and may present with different clinical manifestations. A mutation in the PTCH gene, involved in Gorlin-Goltz syndrome, could be associated with the pathogenesis of this neoplasm. We describe the case of a 7-year-old girl with multiple papules on her face.

Estudo piloto sobre a eficácia e segurança do uso da cisteamina 5% como terapia de contato por toda noite no tratamento do melasma facial / Efficacy and safety of the 5% cysteamine cream left in overnight for facial melasma: a pilot study

Não se aplica, trata-se de uma carta

Not applicable, this is a letter.

Lupus miliaris disseminatus faciei: when a rare skin disease involves the eyelid / Lupus miliaris disseminatus faciei: quando uma rara dermatose acomete a pálpebra

ABSTRACT The authors present a case of lupus miliaris disseminatus faciei , a rare skin disease of unknown etiology, which may cause unaesthetic scarring due to its difficult treatment. The histopathological examination of epithelioid granulomas with caseating necrosis, together with the clinical features, are important for diagnosis and early treatment with better results. Despite difficult and unsatisfactory treatment, there are ongoing studies on therapy to improve aesthetic and social impairment. This case report describes an initial misdiagnosis delaying appropriate treatment, and highlights the value of physical examination and clinical judgment for another pathological examination, whenever necessary, aiming at better treatment outcomes in daily practice.

RESUMO Os autores apresentam um caso de lupus miliaris disseminatus faciei , uma dermatose rara, de etiologia desconhecida, que pode deixar cicatrizes não estéticas, pela dificuldade de tratamento. O exame histopatológico de granulomas compostos por células epitelioides, com necrose caseosa, e as características clínicas, são importantes para o diagnóstico e tratamento precoce, com melhores resultados. Apesar do tratamento difícil e insatisfatório, há estudos em andamento sobre terapias para melhorar o comprometimento estético e social. Este relato de caso descreve um diagnóstico inicial errôneo, que atrasou o tratamento adequado, e destaca o valor do exame físico e raciocínio clínico para solicitar outro exame anatomopatológico, quando necessário, de forma a obter melhores desfechos com o tratamento, na prática diária.

Case for diagnosis. Eyelid edema and erythematous papules disseminated on the face

Abstract Lupus miliaris disseminatus faciei or acne agminata is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the skin, considered an intriguing entity due to its pathogenesis, which is still largely speculative. It has been linked to tuberculosis, sarcoidosis, rosacea, and other granulomatous diseases, but it is considered an independent entity.

A case of facial atrophic sarcoidosis in an adolescent, successfully treated with the combination of prednisone and hydroxychloroquine

Abstract Sarcoidosis is a multisystem granulomatous disorder of unknown aetiology. Cutaneous involvement occurs in up to 30% of patients and skin findings are often the initial presenting symptom. The facial atrophic form of sarcoidosis without associated ulceration in adolescents has rarely been described in the literature. We report a case of 13-year-old male patient with a facial atrophic sarcoidosis who was successfully treated with the combination of prednisone and hydroxychloroquine.

Demodex folliculorum infestations in common facial dermatoses: acne vulgaris, rosacea, seborrheic dermatitis

Abstract Background: Demodex mites are found on the skin of many healthy individuals. Demodex mites in high densities are considered to play a pathogenic role. Objective: To investigate the association between Demodex infestation and the three most common facial dermatoses: acne vulgaris, rosacea and seborrheic dermatitis. Methods: This prospective, observational case-control study included 127 patients (43 with acne vulgaris, 43 with rosacea and 41 with seborrheic dermatitis) and 77 healthy controls. The presence of demodicosis was evaluated by standardized skin surface biopsy in both the patient and control groups. Results: In terms of gender and age, no significant difference was found between the patients and controls (p > 0.05). Demodex infestation rates were significantly higher in patients than in controls (p = 0.001). Demodex infestation rates were significantly higher in the rosacea group than acne vulgaris and seborrheic dermatitis groups and controls (p = 0.001; p = 0.024; p = 0.001, respectively). Demodex infestation was found to be significantly higher in the acne vulgaris and seborrheic dermatitis groups than in controls (p = 0.001 and p = 0.001, respectively). No difference was observed between the acne vulgaris and seborrheic dermatitis groups in terms of demodicosis (p = 0.294). Study limitations: Small sample size is a limitation of the study. The lack of an objective scoring system in the diagnosis of Demodex infestation is another limitation. Conclusion: The findings of the present study emphasize that acne vulgaris, rosacea and seborrheic dermatitis are significantly associated with Demodex infestation. Standardized skin surface biopsy is a practical tool in the determination of Demodex infestation.

Rubeosis faciei diabeticorum is not associated with oxidative stress and skin autofluorescence

Abstract Background Rubeosis faciei diabeticorum is a persistent facial erythema in patients with diabetes mellitus. The actual pathogenesis has not been studied. However, it is speculated to be a cutaneous diabetic microangiopathy. Objective Examine the correlation between the severity of facial erythema and the possible causes of microvascular diabetic complications, namely oxidative stress, hyperglycemia, and cutaneous accumulation of advanced glycation end-products . Methods Patients diagnosed with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (n = 32) were enrolled in the study. The facial erythema index was measured using the Mexameter MX18; cutaneous accumulation of advanced glycation end-products was estimated by measuring skin auto fluorescence with the AGE Reader (DiagnOptics Technologies B.V. - Groningen, Netherlands). Glycated haemoglobin, total antioxidant status, and malondialdehyde were measured in blood by TBARS assay. The correlation between the selected variables was assessed by Spearman's rank test; p ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results There was a statistically significant correlation between total antioxidant status and the facial erythema index (ρ = 0.398, p = 0.024). Malondialdehyde, skin autofluorescence, glycated haemoglobin, body mass index, duration of diabetes, and age did not demonstrate statistically significant correlation with the facial erythema index. Study limitations This is an observational study. Elevation of total antioxidant status could have been caused by several factors that might have also influenced the development of rubeosis faciei, including hyperbilirubinemia and hyperuricemia. Conclusions The results contradicted expectations. Total antioxidant status correlated positively with facial erythema index; however, there was no correlation with oxidative stress and skin autofluorescence. Further investigations should be conducted to reveal the cause of total antioxidant status elevation in patients with rubeosis faciei.

Treatment of actinic keratoses and cancerization field of the face and scalp with 0 015% ingenol mebutate gel in Brazilian individuals: safety, tolerability and patients' perspectives

Abstract: Background: Actinic keratosis (AK) represents a risk of progression to squamous cell carcinoma. Ingenol mebutate gel is a novel therapeutic option for field-directed treatment. Objectives: To evaluate the safety, tolerability and patients' perspectives, related to the therapeutic success of managing AKs on the face and scalp with ingenol mebutate gel in Brazilian individuals. Methods: This was an observational, retrospective and descriptive study of 68 areas of actinic keratosis on the face and scalp treated with Ingenol mebutate gel involving a total of 37 patients. The drug was applied for three consecutive days on an area of of 25 cm2 and documentation was performed on baseline and days 4, 8, 15, 60 and 180. On day 4, the composite local skin reaction score was calculated. At the end, a questionnaire was applied to evaluate patients' perspectives about the treatment. Results: Adherence was 100%, no serious adverse events were recorded and the mean composite local skin reaction score (standard deviation) was 8.61±4.22. The treatment was considered optimum by 75.68% of the patients. Study limitations: Calculation of composite local skin reaction score performed only on the fourth day. Conclusions: Treatment with ingenol mebutate gel was considered safe and tolerable in Brazilian subjects. Patients had a maximum adherence rate and a great improvement in self-esteem. The results of this research reproduce the findings of the literature.

Reporte de caso de granuloma facial, una vasculitis cutánea infrecuente / A case report of granuloma faciale, an uncommon cutaneous vasculitis

El granuloma facial es una dermatosis benigna poco frecuente de etiología desconocida, generalmente asintomática, caracterizada por inflamación crónica y localizada habitualmente en zonas fotoexpuestas de la cara, con un patrón histológico característico. Si bien la respuesta al tratamiento es variable, existen múltiples opciones terapéuticas que han reportado ser efectivas en algunos pacientes. Entre estas alternativas se incluyen tratamientos sistémicos con corticoides y dapsona o tratamientos intralesionales con corticoides, crioterapia e inhibidores de calcineurina tópicos. Describimos el caso de un paciente adulto con una placa eritemato violácea asintomática en mejilla derecha, de crecimiento lentamente progresivo de dos años de evolución, clínica e histopatológicamente compatible con granuloma facial y respuesta favorable a corticoides intralesionales.

Granuloma faciale is an uncommon benign dermatosis, with unknown etiology, usually asymptomatic, characterized by chronic inflammation localized in sun-exposed areas of the face with a characteristic histological pattern. Although response to treatment is variable, there are multiple therapeutic alternatives that have been reported to be effective in some patients, including systemic treatments with steroids and dapsone or also topical treatments like intralesional corticosteroid, cryotherapy and calcineurin inhibitors, such as tacrolimus. We present the case of an adult patient with an asymptomatic erythematous-violet plaque on the right cheek, with progressive slow growth over two years, clinically and histologically and pathologically compatible with a facial granuloma. The patient responded well to intralesional corticosteroids.

Dermatosis neutrofílica de las manos y rostro posterior a mordedura de perro: reporte de caso y revisión de la literatura / Neutrophilic dermatosis of the hands and face after dog bite: case report and literature review

La Dermatosis neutrofílica de las manos es consi-derada una variante localizada acral del Síndrome de Sweet, más frecuente en mujeres y principal-mente asociada a enfermedades hematológicas. Las lesiones aparecen como pápulas, vesículas, nó-dulos, placas, úlceras y ampollas, principalmente en el dorso de las manos. Aproximadamente la mi-tad de los pacientes presenta fenómeno de patergia como factor desencadenante.En el presente caso clínico se describe una derma-tosis neutrofílica de las manos posterior a morde-dura de perro, asociado a mielofibrosis primaria y desarrollo de lesiones faciales.

Neutrophilic dermatosis of the hands is conside-red an acral localized variant of Sweet Syndrome, more frequent in women and mainly associated with hematological diseases. The lesions appear as papules, vesicles, nodules, plaques, ulcers, and blisters, mainly on the back of the hands. Appro-ximately half of the patients present a phenome-non of pathergy as a triggering factor. Herein we describe a case of neutrophilic dermatosis of the hands after a dog bite, associated with primary myelofibrosis and development of facial lesions.

Juvenile xantogranuloma with íris involvement / Xantogranuloma juvenil com acometimento iriano

Abstract Herein we report a case of juvenile xantogranuloma, an inflammatory disease more commonly diagnosed during childhood and is characterized by cutaneous and ocular manifestations. Iris is the main target, presenting as local or diffuse yellowish lesions. Iris involvement may precipitate not only glaucoma but also amblyopia. Treatment is based on corticosteroids therapy, either local or systemic aiming disease control.

Resumo É relatado um caso raro de xantogranuloma juvenil, doença de natureza inflamatória diagnosticada mais frequentemente na infância, com manifestações cutâneas e oculares. A íris é o principal sítio extracutâneo da doença, apresentando-se como lesão amarelada, difusa ou localizada. O acometimento iriano pode acarretar surgimento de glaucoma, além de ambliopia. O manejo clínico da lesão ocular no presente caso foi baseado no necessidade no uso contínuo de corticoide tópico e sistêmico para estabilização da doença.

PLECT or PPLECT? Granulomatous pyoderma gangrenosum in the differential diagnosis of the verrucous syndrome

Abstract: Pyoderma gangrenosum (PG) is an uncommon neutrophilic dermatosis, with variable clinical features, nonspecific histopathology and multifactorial pathogenesis, posing a challenging diagnosis for the dermatologist. Pyoderma gangrenosum is a diagnosis of exclusion and should be included in the differential diagnoses of the verrucous syndrome. We report a granulomatous variant affecting the face.

Elastosis en la queilitis actínica. Revisión de literatura / Elastosis in Actinic Cheilitis. Literature Review

Resumen La matriz extracelular (MEC) juega un papel importante en la regulación de los eventos biológicos, tales como, el desarrollo de la migración celular, proliferación y diferenciación. La exposición crónica a la luz ultravioleta (UV) provoca elastosis (en distintos grados), que corresponde a una degeneración basófila de la MEC. La queilitis actínica (QA) es una lesión potencialmente maligna del labio inducida por la exposición regular y prolongada a la luz UV, que afecta principalmente al bermellón del labio inferior. Las lesiones de QA tienen un estroma complejo, se observa siempre la presencia de elastosis, infiltrado inflamatorio crónico de distinta intensidad y la aparición de vasos sanguíneos telangiectásicos. Dentro de este infiltrado inflamatorio se ha descrito un aumento significativo de mastocitos (MCs), localizados especialmente alrededor de las zonas de elastosis y en la zona subepitelial. Se ha propuesto que la elastosis actínica se produce tanto por procesos degenerativos como de síntesis anormal de fibras elásticas por parte de fibroblastos con daño solar, lo que va acompañado de cambios morfológicos del colágeno. A pesar de que el fibroblasto tendría un rol preponderante en la formación de la elastosis actínica, diversos estudios sugieren que otros tipos celulares como el MC también contribuirían en forma significativa al daño actínico de la MEC. El propósito de esta revisión es analizar las características de la elastosis en la QA.

Abstract The extracellular matrix (ECM) plays an important role in the regulation of biological events, such as cell migration, proliferation and differentiation. Chronic exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light causes elastosis (to varying degrees), which corresponds to a basophilic degeneration of the ECM. Actinic cheilitis (AC) is a potentially malignant lip lesion induced by regular and prolonged exposure to UV light, which mainly affects the vermilion. AC lesions have a complex stroma characterized by the presence of elastosis, chronic inflammatory infiltrate of different intensity and the appearance of telangiectatic blood vessels. Within this inflammatory infiltrate a significant increase of mast cells (MCs) has been described, located especially around areas of elastosis and at the subepithelial zone. It has been proposed that actinic elastosis is produced both, by degenerative processes and by abnormal synthesis of elastic fibers by photodamaged fibroblasts, which is accompanied by morphological changes in collagen. Although the fibroblast would play a major role in actinic elastosis formation, several studies suggest that other cell types such as MCs also contribute significantly to actinic ECM damage. The purpose of this review is to discuss the characteristics of elastosis in AC.

Dermoscopy of granuloma faciale: a description of a new finding

Abstract: Granuloma faciale is a rare, chronic dermatologic disorder, which mainly affects the face. Recently, dermoscopy has been demonstrated as an important ancillary tool on the clinical diagnosis of facial dermatoses. We report two cases of granuloma faciale with yellow areas on dermoscopy that was not yet described in the literature, corresponding to abundant hemosiderin on histopathological examination.

Development and validation of a multidimensional questionnaire for evaluating quality of life in melasma (HRQ-melasma)

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Melasma has a major impact on quality of life. MELASQoL is the only validated specific psychometric instrument to evaluate melasma QoL. OBJECTIVE: To develop and validate a multidimensional questionnaire for evaluating quality of life related to facial melasma. METHODS: Cross-sectional study performed in 2 institutions (public and private) from Brazil. Two focus groups were carried out: 5 board-certified dermatologists and 10 melasma patients, indicating the dimensions and significant units of melasma QoL. The preliminary questionnaire with 49 itens was applied to 154 facial melasma patients. Item reduction was performed by Rasch analysis. Parallel evaluations of clinical (MASI), demographic, and QoL aspects (MELASQoL, DLQI) were performed. The dimensional structure was assessed by confirmatory factor analysis. Temporal stability was tested in a subgroup of 42 individuals within 7-14 days. RESULTS: The mean (SD) age of the 154 interviewed subjects was 39±8 years, and 87% were females. The median (p25-p75) DLQI and MELASQoL were: 2 (1-6) and 30 (17-44). HRQ-Melasma consisted of 19 items distributed in 4 dimensions: Physical/Appearance, Social/Professional, Psychological, and Treatment. Cronbach's alpha for HRQ-Melasma was 0.96, and >0.74 for each dimension. There was high correlation between HRQ-Melasma and DLQI and MELASQoL (rho=0.80 and 0.83), but modest with MASI (rho=0.35). Dimensional structure of HRQ-Melasma was stated by confirmatory factor analysis coefficients. Test-retest analysis disclosed an intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.91 (p<0.01). STUDY LIMITATIONS: Single-center study. CONCLUSIONS: A specific instrument to evaluate QoL in melasma with multidimensional characteristics was developed and validated, with appropriate psychometric performance.

Tricodisplasia espinulosa asociada a síndrome mielodisplásico e inmunosupresión / Trichodysplasia spinulosa: report of one case

Trichodysplasia spinulosa is a rare disease that occurs in the setting of immunosuppression, associated with tolerogenic therapy used in allograft recipients or patients with hematologic malignancies. Clinically, it is characterized by a centrofacial cutaneous eruption of erythematous papules with a central keratinous spicule, often associated with variable degrees of alopecia. Histologic findings are characteristic, and electron microscopy reveals the presence of trichodysplasia spinulosa associated polyomavirus. We report a 47-year-old woman with idiopathic autoimmune pancytopenia refractory to diverse immunosuppressant regimens, with clinical and pathologic findings compatible with the disease, in whom complementary studies were required to exclude other differential diagnoses.

Multifunctional photoprotection: corrective makeup for cutaneous dyschromias

The aim of this study was to develop and evaluate a corrective and photoprotective makeup for patients with dyschromias. An emulsion was prepared and pigment mixtures were incorporated in the formulation, producing five shades of corrective makeup: BEIGE (I, II, III), BRONZE and TAN. The sun protection factor (SPF) and UVA/UVB ratio of the corrective makeup were determined using spectrophotometry with a Labsphere® analyser. The spreadability, occlusivity, stability, and photostability of the photoprotective formulations were also evaluated. For all formulations there was no statistical difference among them (p > 0.05) in terms of spreadability, occlusivity and SPF. They were considered to be photostable under solar radiation, with variations in SPF value and UVA/UVB ratio lower than 20%. The corrective makeup presented average-to-high UVB photoprotection and broad spectrum photoprotection. After 90 days, pH, density and SPF values showed no significant differences among formulations (p>0.05). All corrective makeup presented separation of the pigments, however, they returned to a homogeneous aspect and to the original color shade after shaking. The corrective makeup presented a fine texture, little brightness, and a homogeneous, dry-to-the-touch aspect. This work may benefit patients with dyschromias, improving their quality of life, besides promoting photoprotection and covering the skin blemishes

Desarrollo de infección tuberculosa latente y efectos adversos de la isoniazida durante tratamiento con biológico por enfermedad de Crohn / Development of latent tuberculosis and adverse effects with isoniazid during biologist therapy´s in Crohn´s disease / Desenvolvimento de tuberculose latente durante e efeitos adversos da isoniazida o tratamento com biológicos para a doença de Crohn

Los fármacos anti factor de necrosis tumoral alfa (TNF-α) bloquean una de las citoquinas implicadas en la patogénesis de la Enfermedad Inflamatoria intestinal (EII). Su uso se relaciona con aumento de tuberculosis (TB), por lo que el despistaje previo es obligatorio. En la infección tuberculosa latente (ITBL) se utiliza isoniazida como quimioprofilaxis, fármaco que no se encuentra libre de reacciones adversas. Se presenta y discute el caso de una paciente con reacción adversa en piel secundaria al uso de isoniazida.

Anti-tumor necrosis factor alfa drugs are responsible for blocking one of the cytoquines implicated on inflammatory bowel disease pathogenesis. Its use has been linked to an increase in tuberculosis cases which is why screening before starting treatment is mandatory. Latent tuberculosis is treated with isoniazid as chemoprophylaxis although its use may provoke adverse effects. A case is presented of a patient with skin adverse reaction due to the use of isoniazid.

Os medicamentos anti factor de necrose tumoral alfa (TNF-α ) bloqueiam uma das citocinas envolvidas na patogénese da doença inflamatória intestinal (DII). A sua utilização está associada com um aumento da tuberculose (TB), de modo que a despistagem anterior dessa doença é necessária. Na TB latente, frequentemente se utiliza a isoniazida é usado como quimioprofilaxia, uma droga que não está livre de reações adversas. Apresentamos e discutimos o caso de uma paciente com reação adversa na pele secundária ao uso da isoniazida.