Lesión dermatológica en zona de tatuaje / Dermatological lesion in tattoo area

Los tatuajes representan una situación in vivo única en la que una gran cantidad de sales metálicas y tintes orgánicos permanecen en la piel durante toda la vida. Como resultado de un mayor número de tatuajes realizados, la incidencia de complicaciones cutáneas asociadas a los tatuajes ha aumentado también. En los últimos 30 años se ha evidenciado un aumento de reportes de tumores cutáneos en los tatuajes; sin embargo, muchos autores siguen considerándolo un evento fortuito. Los posibles efectos cancerígenos locales de los tatuajes siguen sin estar claros. Se cree que este efecto podría ser multifactorial y que combina traumatismo de la aguja, inflamación local crónica, factores externos como la exposición a los rayos ultravioleta (UV) y un posible efecto pro-cancerígeno de las tintas. Se necesitan estudios epidemiológicos y clínicos a gran escala para demostrar esta asociación. Se presenta un caso de un hombre de 40 años, conocido sano, quien 2 meses después de tatuarse el hombro derecho, desarrolla una lesión con características clínicas de un queratoacantoma y a quien se le realiza el diagnostico histológico de un carcinoma espinocelular bien diferenciado e invasor.

Tattoos represent a unique in vivo situation where many metallic salts and organic dyes remain on the skin for a lifetime. As a result of a greater number of tattoos performed, the incidence of skin complications associated with tattoos has increased. In addition, in the last 30 years, there has been an increment in reports of skin tumors within tattoos; however, many authors continue to consider it is a coincidental event. The possible local carcinogenic effects of tattoos remain unclear. It is believed that this effect could be multifactorial, combining needle trauma, chronic local inflammation, external factors such as an ultraviolet rays (UV) exposure and a possible pro-cancer effect of the inks. Large-scale epidemiological and clinical studies are needed to demonstrate this association. A case of a known healthy 40-year-old male is presented, in whom 2 months after a tattoo was performed on his right shoulder, he developed a lesion with clinical characteristics of a keratoacanthoma in which the histological diagnosis of a well differentiated and invasive squamous cell carcinoma was made.

Case for diagnosis. A pruritic eruption of keratotic papules over the face and neck

Abstract Generalized eruptive keratoacanthoma of Grzybowski is a rare variant of multiple keratoacanthomas counting with about 40 cases reported. It is a chronic and progressive disease for which none of the described therapeutic options has been entirely satisfactory. We report a case of an 83-year-old female who presented with a 3-month history of extremely pruritic, multiple, skin-coloured to erythematous to brownish, millimetric papules, with a keratotic centre. Histological examination of an incisional biopsy was consistent with the diagnosis of keratoacanthoma. The patient started acitretin 25 milligrams daily with a complete resolution of pruritus and regression of numerous lesions.

Queratoacantoma tratado con metotrexato intralesional: una alternativa terapéutica efectiva en casos seleccionados / Keratoacanthoma treated with intralesional methotrexate: an effective therapeutic alternative in selected cases

El Queratoacantoma es un carcinoma de células escamosas de rápido crecimiento, cuyo tratamiento definitivo contempla la resección quirúrgica. El manejo se dificulta cuando las condiciones de la lesión implican cirugías extensas o las condiciones del paciente son riesgosas al plantear manejo invasivo. Se propone el uso de Metotrexato intralesional como estrategia terapéutica alternativa al tratamiento quirúrgico tradicional. Se exponen 2 casos en los cuales se usó este método. Primero es una paciente de 91 años con queratoacantoma en región frontal, de rápido crecimiento. Segundo, un paciente de 76 años, en tratamiento anticoagulante, con lesión en cuero cabelludo. Ambos pacientes reciben inyecciones de Metotrexato, las cuales muestran resultados significativos, en cuanto a reducción de tamaño. La inyección intralesional de Metotrexato demuestra utilidad como alternativa terapéutica o como manejo neoadyuvante previo a la cirugía

Keratoacanthoma is a rapidly growing squamous cell carcinoma, which definitive treatment includes surgical resection. Therapy becomes more complex when the lesion requires extensive surgeries or the patient's conditions are risky for invasive management. The use of intralesional methotrexate is proposed as an alternative therapeutic strategy to traditional surgical treatment. Two cases are presented where this method was used. First a 91-year-old patient with rapidly growing keratoacanthoma in the frontal region. Second a 76-year-old patient, undergoing anticoagulant treatment, with a scalp lesion. Methotrexate injections were applied to both patients, with significant lesion size reduction. Intralesional injection of Methotrexate proves useful as a therapeutic alternative or as neoadjuvant management prior to surgery.

Ceratoacantoma: aspectos morfológicos, clínicos e cirúrgicos / Keratoacanthoma: morphological, clinical, and surgical aspects

Introdução: O ceratoacantoma é uma neoplasia epitelial de rápido crescimento, mais frequente em áreas de exposição solar. Habitualmente, apresenta-se como lesão única, arredondada, com depressão central preenchida de queratina. As semelhanças clínicas e histopatológicas com o carcinoma de células escamosas, frequentemente, dificultam o diagnóstico diferencial. A biópsia excisional é a abordagem de escolha, permitindo diagnóstico e tratamento. Método: O presente estudo é observacional e retrospectivo, com dados de 162 pacientes tratados de 2005 a 2013, no Hospital Felício Rocho, em Belo Horizonte, MG. Todos os pacientes submeteram-se à excisão cirúrgica dos tumores. Foram estudados: sexo, idade, número de lesões, localização, tamanho do tumor e diagnóstico pré-operatório. Resultados: Dos 162 pacientes, totalizando 173 lesões, 154 (95,06%) apresentavam ceratoacantoma único. Noventa e dois eram do gênero masculino (56,80%) e 70 do feminino (43,20%). A idade dos pacientes variou de 11 a 96 anos, com média de 71,23 anos. As lesões localizavam-se predominantemente nos membros superiores (43,64%), na face (28,48%) e nos membros inferiores (17,58%). Nas hipóteses diagnósticas formuladas pelos cirurgiões, no pedido do exame anatomopatológico, houve diagnóstico correto em 63,13%. Conclusão: O ceratoacantoma é uma neoplasia epitelial de características morfológicas semelhantes ao carcinoma de células escamosas, o que, por muitas vezes, dificulta o diagnóstico. Torna-se necessária, portanto, a excisão cirúrgica completa das lesões suspeitas para diagnóstico e tratamento corretos.

Introduction: Keratoacanthoma is an epithelial neoplasm of rapid growth, more frequent in areas of sun exposure, and usually appears as a single, rounded lesion with a central depression filled with keratin. Clinical and histopathological similarities with squamous cell carcinoma often make differential diagnosis difficult. Excisional biopsy is the approach of choice, allowing diagnosis and treatment. Method: This is an observational and retrospective study, in which data of 162 patients treated at the Hospital Felício Rocho from 2005 to 2013, in Belo Horizonte, MG, were analyzed. All patients underwent surgical excision of tumors. Data on sex, age, number of lesions, location, tumor size, and preoperative diagnosis were studied. Results: Of the 162 patients, with a total of 173 lesions, only 154 (95.06%) had keratoacanthoma. There were 92 male (56.80%) and 70 female (43.20%) patients. The age of patients ranged from 11 to 96 years, with an average of 71.23 years. The lesions were located predominantly in the upper limbs (43.64%), face (28.48%), and lower limbs (17.58%). In the diagnostic hypotheses formulated by surgeons at the request of the pathology, the diagnosis was correct in 63.13%. Conclusion: Keratoacanthoma is an epithelial tumor with morphological characteristics similar to those of squamous cell carcinoma, which often complicates the diagnosis. Therefore, the complete excision of the suspicious lesions is necessary for correct diagnosis and treatment.

Reconstruction of surgical defect of the dorsum of the hand

Abstract In some cases, keratoacanthomas can be indistinguishable from squamous cell carcinoma, making the gold standard treatment surgical excision with histopathological evaluation. The surgical defects created on the back of the hand can be challenging to repair. We describe the use of bilateral rotation flap as an option in this area, and discuss the indications and contraindications of some of the possible surgical techniques for reconstruction of the dorsum of the hand.

Keratoacanthoma of the conjunctiva in a young patient / Ceratoacantoma da conjuntiva em um paciente jovem

ABSTRACT Keratoacanthomas rarely occur in the conjunctiva. We report a case of a 24-year-old man with a rapidly growing conjunctival mass. The tumor was excised with a safety margin to exclude squamous cell carcinoma and was histopathologically diagnosed as a keratoacanthoma. There has been no recurrence over 2 years of follow-up. To the best of our knowledge, he is the youngest patient to be diagnosed with conjunctival keratoacanthoma who had no known risk factors such as skin disorders, trauma, surgery, or infection. In similar cases, we recommend complete early surgical excision and careful follow-up to exclude malignancy.

RESUMO Ceratoacantoma raramente ocorre na conjuntiva. Nós relatamos o caso de um homem de 24 anos de idade, com uma massa conjuntival de rápido crescimento. O tumor foi retirado com uma margem de segurança para excluir carcinoma de células escamosas. Ele foi diagnosticado histopatologicamente como sendo ceratoacantoma. Não houve recidiva em dois anos de seguimento. Ele é o paciente mais jovem com ceratoacantoma conjuntival que não tinham fatores de risco conhecidos como doenças de pele a ser descrito. Em casos semelhantes, recomendamos excisão cirúrgica precoce completo e um acompanhamento cuidadoso para excluir malignidade.

Síndrome de Lynch variante Muir-Torre: a propósito de 2 casos / Lynch syndrome, Muir Torre variant: 2 cases

El síndrome de Lynch (SL), es un síndrome genético con patrón de herencia autosómico dominante, que predispone el desarrollo de cáncer colorrectal y neoplasias extracolónicas, debido a la mutación germinal en alguno de los genes reparadores de los errores de la replicación del ADN (MLH1, MSH2, MSH6 o PMS2). El Síndrome de Muir-Torre (SMT), es una variante fenotípica del SL que predispone además a desarrollar tumores de glándulas sebáceas y queratoacantomas. Presentamos el caso de dos pacientes con SMT, con más de una neoplasia relacionada al SL, lesiones cutáneas, antecedentes familiares de cáncer y estudios de inestabilidad de microsatélites e inmunohistoquímica...

Lynch syndrome (LS) is an autosomal-dominant inherited cancer predisposition syndrome caused by germline mutations in DNA mismatch repair genes (MLH1, MSH2, MSH6 or PMS2). Muir-Torre syndrome (MTS) is a phenotypic variant of LS that includes a predisposition to sebaceous glands tumors and keratoacanthomas. We report two patients with MTS, with more than one LS-related cancer, skin lesions, family history of cancer andmicrosatellite instability and immunohistochemistry analysis...

Queratoacantoma / Keratoacanthoma

El queratoacantoma es un tumor epitelial con origen presuntivo del infundíbulo folicular. La etiología es multifactorial, siendo la exposición solar la causa de aparición clásica; se presenta con mayor frecuencia en adultos mayores. Caso clínico: Paciente femenina 83 años, dedicada al hogar, viuda, escolaridad primaria completa, originaria de Tegucigalpa, Municipio del Distrito Central. Presentó dermatosis localizada en mano derecha, que inició como pápula/nódulo eritematoso de un mes de evolución en dorso de mano la cual se convirtió en tumoración de 3cm de diámetro, con una superficie anfractuosa secundaria a un tapón de queratina; era una neoformación no fija a planos profundos, asintomática; lesión única, se encontró datos de fotodaño en el resto de la piel. En la primera evaluación se planteó un diagnóstico presuntivo de carcinoma espinocelular versus queratoacantoma. La lesión se extirpó en su totalidad hasta tejido adiposo subyacente. La pieza fue enviada al servicio de patología y se confirmó el diagnóstico histopatológico de queratoacantoma. Se estipuló que los bordes y el lecho del tejido extirpado se encontraban libres de tumor. Se dio seguimiento a la paciente al 1er, 3er, 6to y 12avo mes, sin recurrencias o lesiones nuevas. Conclusión: El queratoacantoma se confunde clínica e histopatológicamente con el carcinoma epidermoide. Es recomendable la intervención terapéutica para acelerar la resolución por motivos estéticos, y prevenir la incrustación en estructuras vitales secundaria a un crecimiento rápido...(AU)

Queratoacantoma de vulva: presentación de un caso / Vulvar keratoacanthoma: presentation of a case

El queratoacantoma de vulva es una entidad rara que podría presentar confusión en su diagnóstico con el carcinoma bien diferenciado de células escamosas. Presentamos un caso de una paciente con diagnóstico de queratoacantoma de vulva tratada con resección quirúrgica de la lesión y su seguimiento posterior.

Vulvar keratoacanthoma is a rare disease that may present confusion in diagnosis with well differentiated squamous cell carcinoma. We report one patient with vulvar keratoacanthoma, treated by resection surgery of the lesion and her outcome.

Multiple giant angiokeratoma of Fordyce on the shaft of the penis masquerading as keratoacanthoma

The term 'angiokeratoma' includes a wide range of dermatological conditions of hyperkeratotic vascular disorders with a similar histologic combination of hyperkeratosis and superficial dermal vascular ectasia. Angiokeratomas can be classified into localized and systemic forms. Angiokeratoma of Fordyce (AKF) is a localized form of angiokeratoma, clinically characterized by 1- to 6-mm, black, blue, or dark red, dome-shaped papules located on the scrotum, shaft of penis, labia majora, clitoris, inner thigh, and lower abdomen. We describe herein a case of giant angiokeratoma of Fordyce on shaft of the penis in an elderly man, clinically masquerading as keratoacanthoma.

Enfermedad de Dowling-Degos: comunicación de caso en un adolescente / Dowling-Degos disease: case report in an adolescent

La enfermedad de Dowling-Degos es un raro trastorno de la pigmentación, con comportamiento benigno y patrón autosómico dominante. Se comunica el caso de un adolescente sin antecedentes personales de importancia que acude al servicio de Dermatología por máculas hipo e hiperpigmentadas que se distribuían en grandes pliegues y en zonas de presión, de 2 años de evolución. Por los datos clínicos y los estudios complementarios se determinó el diagnóstico de enfermedad de Dowling-Degos.

The Dowling-Degos disease is a rare disorder of pigmentation with benign behavior and autosomal dominant pattern. This paper reports the case of a teenager with no personal history of importance that was referred to the Dermatology Department for presenting hypo and hyperpigmented spots distributed in the large folds and pressure zones, of 2 years of evolution. Considering clinical data and additional studies the diagnosis of Dowling-Degos disease was done.

Lupus eritematoso discoide crónico hipertrófico / Hypertrophic chronic discoid lupus erythematosus

El lupus eritematoso discoide crónico hipertrófico (LEDCH) es una variedad poco frecuente del lupus eritematoso discoidecrónico (LEDC) y se manifiesta con lesiones hiperqueratósicas que comprometen áreas fotoexpuestas. Generalmente el cursoclínico está marcado por la cronicidad y resistencia al tratamiento. Presentamos una paciente con lesiones de LEDCH querespondió satisfactoriamente al tratamiento con fotoprotección, corticoides tópicos y sistémicos y antimaláricos. Las lesiones desaparecieron, dejando secuelas pigmentarias residuales.

Hypertrophic chronic discoid lupus erythematosus (LEDCH) is a rare variety of chronic discoid lupus erythematosus (LEDC)characterized by hyperkeratotic lesions that compromise photoexposed areas. Clinical course is marked by chronicity andtreatment resistance. A female patient with LEDCH successfully treated with photoprotection, topical and systemic corticosteroidsand antimalarials is presented. Lesions disappeared leaving residual pigmentary sequelae.

Spontaneous involution of keratoacanthoma, iconographic documentation and similarity with volcanoes of nature / Ceratoacantoma de involução espontânea, documentação iconográfica e semelhança com vulcões da natureza

Through iconography, we show a case of keratoacanthoma (KA) on the nasal dorsum at two different stages of evolution (maturation and regression) and its similarity with images of the Mount St. Helens volcano and the Orcus Patera crater. Using these illustrations, we highlight why the crateriform aspect of this tumor is included in its classic clinical description. Moreover, we photographically documented the self-involuting tendency of KA, an aspect that is seldom documented in the literature.

Mediante iconografia, mostramos o caso de um ceratoacantoma (CA) de dorso nasal em duas fases diferentes de evolução (maturação e regressão) e sua semellhança com as imagens do vulcão Monte Santa Helena e da cratera Orcus Patera. Por meio dessas ilustrações, destacamos por que o aspecto crateriforme foi acrescentado à descrição clínica clássica desse tipo de tumor. Além disso, documentamos fotograficamente a tendência autoinvolutiva do CA, o que não se encontra muito documentado na literatura.

Keratoacanthoma in the cutaneous area of the upper lip: a case report / Ceratoacantoma em região cutânea de lábio superior: relato de caso

PURPOSE: The aim of this paper is to briefly review and discuss the literature about KA and present a case report with a 2-year follow-up of the removal of a KA lesion in the upper lip. CASE DESCRIPTION: A 53-year-old woman complained of a painless, aesthetically unpleasant brownish, hard lesion in the cutaneous area of the upper lip. The lesion had grown rapidly in the last 30 days (size: ~10×5 mm), and was associated with a hot waxing hair removal. Surgical excision was the treatment chosen in order to differentiate the lesion from squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). An oval-shaped incision was created with an in-depth wedge shape for the removal of the lesion and better approximation of the edges after synthesis. Histopathological analysis confirmed the diagnosis of KA. After 2 years, the patient was completely satisfied with the treatment, and no scar was evident. CONCLUSION: Due to the clinical difficulty in differentiating KA from SCC and the risk for formation of an aesthetically unpleasant scar upon spontaneous resolution of KA, surgical removal might be considered the treatment of choice for a solitary KA.

OBJETIVO: O objetivo deste trabalho é revisar e discutir brevemente a literatura sobre CA e apresentar o relato de um caso da remoção de CA em lábio superior com 2 anos de acompanhamento. DESCRIÇÃO DO CASO: Mulher com 53 anos queixava-se de lesão indolor, esteticamente desagradável, dura e de coloração marrom na área cutânea do lábio superior. A lesão havia crescido rapidamente nos últimos 30 dias (tamanho: ~10×5 mm), e estava associada à remoção de pêlos com cera quente. Excisão cirúrgica foi o tratamento escolhido para diferenciar a lesão de carcinoma espinocelular (CEC). Uma incisão em forma oval aprofundada em forma de cunha foi realizada para remoção da lesão e melhor aproximação das bordas após a síntese. A análise histopatológica confirmou o diagnóstico de CA. Após 2 anos, a paciente estava completamente satisfeita com o tratamento, e nenhuma cicatriz era evidente. CONCLUSÃO: Devido à dificuldade na diferenciação clínica entre CA e CEC, e o risco de formação de cicatriz esteticamente desagradável quando da resolução espontânea do CA, a remoção cirúrgica pode ser considerada o tratamento de escolha para CA solitário.

Queratoacantomas múltiples: un reto diagnóstico y terapéutico / Multiple keratoacanthoma: a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge

El queratoacantoma (QA) es una neoplasia cutánea que por lo usual remite espontáneamente. Muchos queratoacantomas son solitarios pero también se conocen las formas múltiples: del tipo Ferguson Smith, QA eruptivos, QA múltiples persistentes, QA en el síndrome de Muir-Torre y QA centrifugum marginatum, entre otros. Se reporta el caso de una estudiante mujer de 20 años, sin antecedentes patológicos de importancia, que presentó lesiones nodulares de base eritematosa y centro costroso en ambas piernas, de tres meses de evolución. Dada la clínica e histopatología compatible se realizó el diagnóstico de queratoacantomas múltiples recibiendo diferentes tratamientos sin éxito, para finalmente responder a acitretin en una dosis de 0.5mg/kg/día, con involución de las lesiones después de cuatro semanas.

Keratoacanthoma (KA) is a cutaneous neoplasm that usually heals spontaneously. Most KA lesions are unique, but there can also occur as multiple lesions: Ferguson Smith type KA, eruptive KA, multiple persistent KA, KA in Muir-Torre syndrome, and KA centrifugum marginatum, among others. We report the case of a 20 year-old female student, with no significant previous medical history, who presented nodular lesions with erythematous base and crusted center in both legs, for the past three months. Given both the clinical and histological evidence, a diagnosis of multiple keratoacanthomas was made. The patient received different treatments without success until acitretin was administered at a dose of 0.5mg/kg/day, with involution of lesions after four weeks.

Keratoacanthoma of the lower lip: still a matter of diagnosis / Ceratoacancoma do lábio inferior: ainda um problema de diagnóstico

Introduction: Keratoacanthoma is a lesion that may mimic squamous cells carcinoma clinically and histologically and the distinction between both lesions has been a matter of discussion. Typical lesions consist of a firm dome-shaped nodule, 1 to 2 centimeters in diameter, with a horn-filled crater in its center. Objectives: To present it was selected an atypical case of a 43-year-old woman who had a solitary keratoacanthoma (KA) of the lower lip with a history of two years of evolution and mistreatment and to discuss the difficulties of the diagnosis process. Conclusion: Because of the rarity of the lesion and its similarity with squamous cells carcinoma the general dentist must explain to the patient that the clinical aspects are not conclusive of the diagnosis and a correct acquisition of the surgical specimen is crucial to an accurate histopathological interpretation and conclusive diagnosis.

Introdução: O ceratoacantoma é uma lesão que pode mimetizar clínica e histologicamente o carcinoma espinocelular, sendo discutível a distinção entre as duas lesões. As lesões típicas consistem em um nódulo firme, em forma de cúpula, com 1 a 2 centímetros de diâmetro e uma cratera central preenchida com queratina. Objetivo: Apresentar um caso atípico de uma mulher de 43 anos que apresentava uma lesão solitária de queratoacantoma no lábio inferior, com uma história de dois anos de evolução e erros de tratamento e discutir a dificuldade no processo de diagnóstico. Conclusão: Devido à raridade da lesão e sua semelhança com o carcinoma, o clínico geral deve explicar ao paciente que os aspectos clínicos não são conclusivos do diagnóstico e que a aquisição correta do espécime cirúrgico são cruciais para a análise histopatológica correta e para o diagnóstico conclusivo.

Queratoacantoma centrifugum marginatum: reporte de caso / Keratoacanthoma centrifugum marginatum: a case report

El queratoacantoma centrifugum marginatum es una rara variante de queratoacantoma caracterizado por la presencia de un crecimiento periférico progresivo de la lesión con la concomitante curación del área central del tumor. Se presenta el caso de una paciente mujer de 69 años de edad con un tiempo de enfermedad de tres anos, cuya lesión fue compatible clínica e histológicamente con un queratoacantoma centrifugum marginatum.

Keratoacanthoma centrifugum marginatum is a rare variant of keratoacanthoma, characterized by the presence of a progressive peripheral growth of the lesion with concomitant healing of the central area of the tumor. We report the case of a 69 year old female patient with a lesion for the past three years, which was clinical and histological consistent with a keratoacanthoma centrifugum marginatum

Caso para diagnóstico / Case for diagnosis

A doença de Dowling-Degos é uma genodermatose rara, caracterizada principalmente por hiperpigmentação reticular progressiva de áreas flexurais. Apesar de apresentar evolução benigna, pode estar associada a neoplasias da pele. Além disso, as alterações cutâneas características potencialmente ocasionam prejuízo psicossocial, devido aos danos estéticos significativos. Os autores descrevem um caso dessa doença associado a ceratoacantoma e sintetizam os conceitos atuais sobre ela.

Dowling-Degos disease is a rare genodermatosis characterized principally by progressive reticulate hyperpigmentation of the flexures. Although the condition is benign, it may be associated with skin malignancies. Furthermore, the characteristic skin changes may be psychologically and socially detrimental to the patient as a result of the unsightliness of the condition. The present report describes a case in which this disease was associated with a keratoacanthoma, and summarizes current concepts on this skin disorder.