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1.
São Paulo med. j ; 140(3): 390-397, May-June 2022. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: biblio-1377390

RESUMO

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Reduced antioxidant defenses may reflect a poor protective response against oxidative stress and this may be implicated in progression of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Oxidative stress induced by hyperglycemia plays a major role in micro and macrovascular complications, which imply endothelial dysfunction. OBJECTIVE: Our aim in this study was to investigate the association between GDM and oxidative stress markers measured in plasma, with regard to revealing changes to total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and total oxidant status (TOS) among mothers showing impairments in oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTTs). DESIGN AND SETTING: Prospective study at a university hospital in Turkey. METHODS: The study group consisted of 50 mothers with GDM, and 59 healthy mothers served as controls. Umbilical cord blood samples were taken from all mothers during delivery and breast milk samples on the fifth day after delivery. TAC, TOS, thiol and disulfide levels were measured. RESULTS: No statistically significant relationship between the blood and milk samples could be found. An analysis on correlations between TAC, TOS and certain parameters revealed that there were negative correlations between TOS and total thiol (r = -0.386; P < 0.001) and between TOS and disulfide (r = -0.388; P < 0.001) in milk in the control group. However, these findings were not observed in the study group. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggested that a compensatory mechanism of oxidative stress was expected to be present in gestational diabetes mellitus and that this might be ameliorated through good glycemic regulation and antioxidant supplementation.


Assuntos
Humanos , Animais , Feminino , Gravidez , Diabetes Gestacional , Compostos de Sulfidrila/análise , Estudos Prospectivos , Estresse Oxidativo/fisiologia , Leite/metabolismo , Leite/química , Dissulfetos/análise , Sangue Fetal/metabolismo , Sangue Fetal/química , Antioxidantes/análise
2.
J. venom. anim. toxins incl. trop. dis ; 28: e20210116, 2022. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1375812

RESUMO

Background: Conopeptides from cone snail venom have aroused great interest related to the discovery of novel bioactive candidates, due to their excellent prospects for the treatment of various health problems such as pain, addiction, psychosis and epilepsy. In order to explore novel biopeptides, we investigated the structure and function of five novel conopeptides isolated from the venom of Conus marmoreus from South China Sea. Methods: C. marmoreus crude venom was prepared, fractionated and purified by HPLC system. The primary sequences of the five novel disulfide-poor conopeptides Mr-1 to Mr-5 were identified by comprehensive analysis of de novo MALDI-TOF tandem mass spectrometry and Edman degradation data. In order to investigate their function, these five conopeptides were synthesized by Fmoc-SPPS chemistry, and their biological effects at several heterologous rat nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subtypes (α1β1δε, α3β2, α3β4, α4β2) were determined by electrophysiological technique. Results: Five novel disulfide-poor conopeptides were identified and named as follows: Mr-1 (DWEYHAHPKPNSFWT), Mr-2 (YPTRAYPSNKFG), Mr-3 (NVIQAPAQSVAPP NTST), Mr-4 [KENVLNKLKSK(L/I)] and Mr-5 [NAVAAAN(L/I)PG(L/I)V]. None of them contains a disulfide bond. The sequences of conopeptides Mr-2 to Mr-5 do not belong to any category of the known disulfide-poor conopeptides. No significant activity against the above nAChR subtypes were observed for the five conopeptides at 100 µM. Conclusion: We purified and structurally characterized five novel disulfide-poor conopeptides from C. marmoreus crude venom and first investigated their nAChR inhibitory effects. This work expanded our knowledge on the structure and function of disulfide-poor conopeptides from this cone snail venom.(AU)


Assuntos
Animais , Conotoxinas/isolamento & purificação , Dissulfetos/efeitos adversos , Venenos de Moluscos , Espectrometria de Massas
3.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; 117(3): 437-443, Sept. 2021. tab
Artigo em Inglês, Português | LILACS | ID: biblio-1339189

RESUMO

Resumo Fundamento A doença valvar mitral reumatismal (DVMR) é a apresentação mais comum das doenças cardíacas reumáticas (DCR). Os processos de inflamação e fibrose também têm papéis significativos em sua patogênese. Estudos recentes demonstram que os tióis e o tiol-dissulfeto são marcadores de stress oxidativo inéditos e promissores. Objetivos O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar diferenças entre os níveis de tiol sérico e de tiol-dissulfeto em pacientes com DVMR e no grupo de controle. Métodos Noventa e dois pacientes com DVMR foram cadastrados no estudo. Cinquenta e quatro sujeitos saudáveis, e com correspondência de sexo e idade em relação ao grupo de estudo, também foram incluídos no estudo como um grupo de controle. Foram investigados os níveis de tiol nos pacientes com DVMR e o grupo de controle. Os p-valores menores que 0,05 foram considerados estatisticamente significativos. Resultados Os pacientes com DVMR apresentaram pressão sistólica da artéria pulmonar (PSAP) e níveis de diâmetro do átrio esquerdo (AE) mais altos que os do grupo de controle. Os níveis de tiol nativo (407±83 μmol/L vs. 297±65 μmol/L, p<0,001) e tiol total (442±82 μmol/L vs. 329±65 μmol/L, p<0,001) são mais altos no grupo de controle. Níveis de dissulfeto (16,7±4,9 μmol/L vs. 14,8±3,7 μmol/L, p=0,011) são mais altos no grupo de pacientes com DVMR. Foi identificada uma correlação positiva entre as razões dissulfeto/tiol nativo e dissulfeto/tiol total com PSAP, diâmetro de AE, e gravidade da EMi. A razão dissulfeto/tiol total é significativamente mais alta em pacientes com EMi grave que em pacientes com EMi leve a moderada. Conclusões Até onde se sabe, este é o único estudo que avaliou a homeostase tiol/dissulfeto como um preditor inédito, que está relacionado de forma mais próxima à DVMR e à gravidade da EMi.


Abstract Background Rheumatic mitral valve disease (RMVD) is the most common presentation of rheumatic heart disease (RHD). Inflammation and fibrosis processes also play significant roles in its pathogenesis. Recent studies showed that thiols and thiol-disulfide are promising novel oxidative stress markers. Objectives The present study aimed to evaluate differences in the serum thiol and thiol-disulfide levels in patients with RMVD and the control group. Methods Ninety-two patients with RMVD were enrolled in the study. Fifty-four healthy subjects, age, and gender-matched with the study group, were also included in the study as a control group. This study investigated thiol levels in patients with RMVD and the control group. P-values lower than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results The patients with RMVD presented higher systolic pulmonary artery pressure (SPAP) and left atrial (LA) diameter levels than the control group. Native thiol (407±83 μmol/L vs. 297±65 μmol/L, p<0.001) and total thiol (442±82 μmol/L vs. 329±65 μmol/L, p<0.001) levels were higher in the control group. Disulfide (16.7±4.9 μmol/L vs. 14.8±3.7 μmol/L, p=0.011) levels were higher in the group of patients with RMVD. A positive correlation was found between disulfide/native and disulfide/total thiols ratio with SPAP, LA diameter, and MS severity. Disulfide/total thiols ratio was significantly higher in patients with severe MS than with mild to moderate MS patients. Conclusions To the best of our knowledge, this is the only study of its kind that has evaluated thiol/disulfide homeostasis as a novel predictor, which was more closely related to RMVD and the severity of MS.


Assuntos
Humanos , Cardiopatia Reumática , Dissulfetos , Compostos de Sulfidrila , Biomarcadores , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Estresse Oxidativo , Voluntários Saudáveis , Homeostase , Valva Mitral
4.
Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras. (1992) ; 67(7): 1026-1032, July 2021. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: biblio-1346936

RESUMO

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: Many chronic diseases such as malignancy, cardiovascular diseases, endothelial dysfunction, and autoimmune diseases, which have been shown to be related to vitamin D in various studies; have similar relations with CTRP-9, TNFα, and thiol-disulfide hemostasis. We aimed to contribute to the literature by evaluating the relationship between CTRP-9, TNFα, and thiol-disulfide hemostasis and vitamin D levels, which we thought may have some effects on the pathogenesis of vitamin D deficiency. METHODS: In our study, 78 female volunteers older than 18 years were included. Volunteers were divided into three groups according to the reference values of vitamin D levels. Biochemical parameters, CTRP-9, TNFα, and thiol/disulfide hemostasis tests taken from all volunteers were studied. RESULTS: In this study, there was a significant difference in CTRP-9, TNFα, total thiol (TT), native thiol (NT), DIS (disulfide), TT/DIS, and NT/DIS levels in vitamin D groups (p<0.05). There was a significant negative correlation between vitamin D and TNFα and DIS, while a significant positive correlation was found with CTRP-9, TT, NT, TT/DIS, and NT/DIS (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: It was determined that vitamin D deficiency causes a significant decrease in CTRP-9 level and a significant increase in TNFα level, as well as an increase in thiol/disulfide hemostasis in favor of disulfide, which may be a risk factor for increased oxidative stress. We considered that these changes may play mediator roles for many chronic diseases and metabolic disorders that are increasing in frequency due to vitamin D deficiency.


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa , Dissulfetos , Compostos de Sulfidrila , Vitamina D , Biomarcadores , Estresse Oxidativo , Hemostasia , Homeostase
5.
Rev. bras. anestesiol ; 70(3): 233-239, May-June 2020. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês, Português | LILACS | ID: biblio-1137183

RESUMO

Abstract Background: The primary objective of this study was to investigate the effect of low dose ionizing radiation exposure on thiol/disulfide homeostasis and ischemia modified albumin levels. The secondary objective is to compare thiol/disulfide homeostasis and ischemia modified albumin levels among the personnel exposed to low dose ionizing radiation in anesthesia application areas, in and out of the operation room. Methods: The study included a total of 90 volunteers aged between 18 and 65 years old, with 45 personnel working in a setting with potential for radiation exposure (Exposed Group) and 45 personnel in a setting without radiation exposure (Control Group). Their native thiol, total thiol, disulphide, albumine and IMA levels were measured. Exposed group included personnel who were exposed to radiation outside the operating room - Operation room (−) Group and inside the operating room - Operation room (+) Group. Results: Albumin, native and total thiol levels were significantly lower in the participants exposed to radiation in the anesthesia application area; no statistically significant difference was found in terms of disulfide and ischemia modified albumin levels. In the Operation room (−) Group exposed to radiation, native thiol and total thiol values were significantly lower compared to the Operation room (+) Group. Conclusion: Awareness of being in danger of oxidative stress should be established in personnel exposed to radiation in the anesthesia application area following low dose ionizing radiation exposure, and the necessary measures should be taken.


Resumo Justificativa: O objetivo principal do estudo foi investigar o efeito de exposição à radiação ionizante de baixa dose nos níveis de homeostase tiol/dissulfeto e de albumina modificada por isquemia. O objetivo secundário foi comparar os níveis de homeostase tiol/dissulfeto e albumina modificada por isquemia entre indivíduos expostos à radiação ionizante de baixa dose nas áreas de procedimentos anestésicos, dentro e fora da sala de cirurgia. Método: O estudo incluiu um total de 90 voluntários com idades entre 18 e 65 anos, 45 profissionais que trabalhavam em ambiente de exposição potencial a radiação (Grupo Exposto) e 45 profissionais que trabalhavam em ambiente sem exposição à radiação (Grupo Controle). Foram medidos os níveis de tiol nativo, tiol total, dissulfeto, albumina e albumina modificada por isquemia. O Grupo Exposto era constituído por profissionais expostos a radiação fora da sala de cirurgia - Grupo sala de cirurgia (-) e na sala de cirurgia - Grupo sala de cirurgia (+). Resultados: Os níveis de albumina, tiol nativo e total foram significantemente mais baixos nos participantes expostos à radiação em área de realização de anestesia, e nenhuma diferença estatisticamente significante foi encontrada para os níveis de dissulfeto e albumina modificada por isquemia. No Grupo exposto sala de cirurgia (-), os valores de tiol nativo e tiol total foram significantemente mais baixos quando comparados ao Grupo sala de cirurgia (+). Conclusões: Os profissionais expostos à radiação em área de realização de anestesia devem ser conscientizados quanto ao perigo do estresse oxidativo após exposição à radiação ionizante de baixa dose e medidas cabíveis devem ser instituídas.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Adulto Jovem , Doses de Radiação , Radiação Ionizante , Compostos de Sulfidrila/efeitos da radiação , Compostos de Sulfidrila/sangue , Exposição Ocupacional , Exposição à Radiação , Dissulfetos/efeitos da radiação , Dissulfetos/sangue , Albumina Sérica Humana/efeitos da radiação , Homeostase/efeitos da radiação , Salas Cirúrgicas , Biomarcadores/sangue , Estudos Prospectivos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade
6.
J. venom. anim. toxins incl. trop. dis ; 26: e20190095, 2020. tab, graf, ilus
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1135162

RESUMO

Conopeptides are neuropharmacological peptides derived from the venomous salivary glands of cone snails. Among 29 superfamilies based on conserved signal sequences, T-superfamily conotoxins, which belong to the smallest group, include four different frameworks that contain four cysteines denominated I, V, X and XVI. In this work, the primary structure and the cysteine connectivity of novel conotoxin of Conus bandanus were determined by tandem mass spectrometry using collision-induced dissociation. Methods: The venom glands of C. bandanus snails were dissected, pooled, and extracted with 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid in three steps and lyophilized. The venom was fractionated and purified in an HPLC system with an analytical reversed-phase C18 column. The primary peptide structure was analyzed by MALDI TOF MS/MS using collision-induced dissociation and confirmed by Edman's degradation. The peptide's cysteine connectivity was determined by rapid partial reduction-alkylation technique. Results: The novel conotoxin, NGC1C2(I/L)VREC3C4, was firstly derived from de novo sequencing by MS/MS. The presence of isoleucine residues in this conotoxin was confirmed by the Edman degradation method. The conotoxin, denominated Bn5a, belongs to the T1-subfamily of conotoxins. However, the disulfide bonds (C1-C4/C2-C3) of Bn5a were not the same as found in other T1-subfamily conopeptides but shared common connectivities with T2-subfamily conotoxins. The T1-conotoxin of C. bandanus proved the complexity of the disulfide bond pattern of conopeptides. The homological analysis revealed that the novel conotoxin could serve as a valuable probe compound for the human-nervous-system norepinephrine transporter. Conclusion: We identified the first T1-conotoxin, denominated Bn5a, isolated from C. bandanus venom. However, Bn5a conotoxin exhibited unique C1-C4/C2-C3 disulfide connectivity, unlike other T1-conotoxins (C1-C3/C2-C4). The structural and homological analyses herein have evidenced novel conotoxin Bn5a that may require further investigation.(AU)


Assuntos
Animais , Peptídeos , Conotoxinas , Dissulfetos , Caramujo Conus , Glândulas Salivares
7.
Rev. bras. cir. cardiovasc ; 34(4): 436-443, July-Aug. 2019. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: biblio-1020487

RESUMO

Abstract Objective: To investigate the effect of continuous lung ventilation with low tidal volume on oxidation parameters, such as thiol/disulphide homeostasis and albumin-adjusted ischemia-modified albumin (AAIMA), during cardiopulmonary bypass (CBP) in coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Methods: Seventy-four patients who underwent elective CABG with CPB were included in the study. Blood samples were taken in the preoperative period, 10 minutes after CPB, and six and 24 hours postoperatively. Patients were assigned to the continuous ventilation group (Group 1, n=37) and the non-ventilated group (Group 2, n=37). The clinical characteristics, thiol/disulphide homeostasis, ischemia-modified albumin (IMA), and AAIMA levels of the patients were compared. Results: A significant difference was found between the groups regarding native thiol, total thiol, and IMA levels at the postoperative 24th hour (P=0.030, P=0.031, and P=0.004, respectively). There was no difference between the groups in terms of AAIMA. AAIMA levels returned to preoperative levels in Groups 1 and 2, at the 6th and 24th postoperative hours, respectively. Length of hospital stay was significantly shorter in Group 1 (P<0.001) than in Group 2. Conclusion: Continuous ventilation during CPB caused an increase in native and total thiol levels, an earlier return of AAIMA levels, and shorter hospital stay. Continuous ventilation may reduce the negative effects of CPB on myocardium (Table 2, Figure 1, and Reference 31).


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Respiração Artificial , Compostos de Sulfidrila/sangue , Albumina Sérica/análise , Ponte Cardiopulmonar/efeitos adversos , Dissulfetos/sangue , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/prevenção & controle , Biomarcadores/sangue , Ponte Cardiopulmonar/métodos , Ponte de Artéria Coronária , Método Duplo-Cego , Estudos Prospectivos , Lesão Pulmonar/etiologia , Albumina Sérica Humana , Homeostase/fisiologia , Antioxidantes
8.
Arch. argent. pediatr ; 117(3): 143-148, jun. 2019. ilus, tab
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1001185

RESUMO

Objetivo. Evaluar un novedoso marcador del estrés oxidativo (la homeostasis de tiol /disulfuro) en la sepsis pediátrica y determinar sus efectos sobre el pronóstico de esta afección. Métodos. En el estudio, se incluyeron pacientes con diagnóstico de sepsis y controles sanos. Se midieron las concentraciones de tiol total, tiol nativo, disulfuro, disulfuro /tiol total, disulfuro /tiol nativo y tiol nativo/tiol total en los grupos con sepsis y de referencia. Se compararon los parámetros entre los supervivientes y los no supervivientes del grupo con sepsis. Se midieron las concentraciones de hemoglobina, leucocitos, trombocitos, lactato y proteína C-reactiva en los pacientes con sepsis al momento del diagnóstico. Se utilizaron el puntaje de riesgo de mortalidad pediátrico (Pediatric Risk of Mortality, PRISM) y el puntaje de disfunción orgánica (Pediatric Logistic Organ Dysfunction, PELOD) para estimar la gravedad de la enfermedad. Resultados. En el grupo con sepsis se incluyó a 38 pacientes y en el de referencia, a 40 niños sanos. Las concentraciones plasmáticas de tiol en los pacientes con sepsis fueron significativamente inferiores que las del grupo de referencia (p < 0,001). Conclusión. La homeostasis de tiol/disulfuro fue anormal en los niños con sepsis en la unidad de cuidados intensivos pediátricos.


The aim of this study is to evaluate a novel oxidative stress marker (thiol-disulphide homeostasis) in paediatric sepsis and to determine their effects on the prognosis of sepsis. Patients diagnosed with sepsis (n= 38) and healthy controls (n= 40) were incorporated in the study. Total thiol, native thiol, disulphide, disulphide/total thiol, disulphide/native thiol, and native thiol /total thiol levels were measured in the sepsis and control groups. Additionally, the parameters were compared between survivors and non-survivors in the sepsis group. The levels of hemoglobin, white blood cell, platelet, lactate, and C-reactive protein were measured in patients with sepsis at diagnosis. The paediatric risk of mortality and paediatric logistic organ dysfunction scores of the patients were used to estimate the disease severity. The plasma thiol levels of the patients with sepsis were significantly lower than the control group (p < 0.001). This study showed that thiol/disulphide homeostasis is abnormal in children with sepsis in Paediatric Intensive Care Unit.


Assuntos
Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Adolescente , Compostos de Sulfidrila , Sepse , Estresse Oxidativo , Dissulfetos , Homeostase
9.
Int. braz. j. urol ; 45(3): 495-502, May-June 2019. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: biblio-1012326

RESUMO

ABSTRACT Background: Our study investigates whether Native Thiol, Total Thiol and disulphide levels measured in serum of patients with prostate cancer and prostatitis and of healthy subjects, have any role in differential diagnosis. Materials and Methods: Patients followed up for histopathologically verified diagnosis of prostate cancer and prostatitis in 2016-2017 at the Medicalpark Gaziantep Hospital Urology Clinic were included in the study. Native Thiol (NT), Total Thiol (TT), Dynamic Disulphide (DD) levels in serum were measured by a novel automated method. Results: NT, TT, DD, NT / TT ratios, DD / TT ratio and DD / NT ratio were measured as 118.4 ± 36.8μmoL / L, 150.3 ± 45.3μmoL / L, 15.9 ± 7μmoL / L, 78.8 ± 7μmoL / L, 10.5 ± 3.5μmoL / L, 13.8 ± 5.8μmoL / L respectively in patients with prostate cancer; as 116.4 ± 40.5μmoL / L, 147.5 ± 50.1μmoL / L, 15.5 ± 8.7μmoL / L, 79.7 ± 9μmoL / L, 10.1 ± 4.5μmoL / L, 13.5 ± 7.2μmoL / L in patients with prostatitis and as 144.1 ± 21.2μmoL / L, 191 ± 32.3μmoL / L, 23.4 ± 10.1μmoL / L, 76.1 ± 98.3μmoL / L, 11.9 ± 4.1μmoL / L, 16.4 ± 6.9μmoL / L in healthy subjects. Significant difference was detected between groups of NT, TT and DD levels (p = 0.008, p = 0.001, p = 0.002). No significant difference was detected in terms of the NT / TT, DD / TT and DD / NT rates (p = 0.222, p = 0.222, p = 0.222). Conclusions: Serum NT, TT, DD levels in patients with prostatitis and prostate cancer were found significantly lower compared to the control group. This indicates that just as inflammation, prostate cancer also increases oxidative stress on tissues.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Idoso , Neoplasias da Próstata/sangue , Prostatite/sangue , Compostos de Sulfidrila/sangue , Dissulfetos/sangue , Neoplasias da Próstata/diagnóstico , Prostatite/diagnóstico , Valores de Referência , Biomarcadores Tumorais/sangue , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Análise de Variância , Estatísticas não Paramétricas , Medição de Risco , Estresse Oxidativo/fisiologia , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Pessoa de Meia-Idade
10.
An. acad. bras. ciênc ; 90(1): 99-108, Mar. 2018. graf
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: biblio-886876

RESUMO

ABSTRACT Considering that thiol-containing enzymes like kinases are critical for several metabolic pathways and energy homeostasis, we investigated the effects of cystine dimethyl ester and/or cysteamine administration on kinases crucial for energy metabolism in the kidney of Wistar rats. Animals were injected twice a day with 1.6 µmol/g body weight cystine dimethyl ester and/or 0.26 µmol/g body weight cysteamine from the 16th to the 20th postpartum day and euthanized after 12 hours. Pyruvate kinase, adenylate kinase, creatine kinase activities and thiol/disulfide ratio were determined. Cystine dimethyl ester administration reduced thiol/disulfide ratio and inhibited the kinases activities. Cysteamine administration increased the thiol/disulfide ratio and co-administration with cystine dimethyl ester prevented the inhibition of the enzymes. Regression between the thiol/disulfide ratio, and the kinases activities were significant. These results suggest that redox status may regulate energy metabolism in the rat kidney. If thiol-containing enzymes inhibition and oxidative stress occur in patients with cystinosis, it is possible that lysosomal cystine depletion may not be the only beneficial effect of cysteamine administration, but also its antioxidant and thiol-protector effect.


Assuntos
Animais , Compostos de Sulfidrila , Cisteamina/farmacologia , Cistina/análogos & derivados , Dissulfetos , Homeostase/efeitos dos fármacos , Rim/efeitos dos fármacos , Adenilato Quinase/análise , Adenilato Quinase/efeitos dos fármacos , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Ratos Wistar , Creatina Quinase/análise , Creatina Quinase/efeitos dos fármacos , Cistina/farmacologia , Eliminadores de Cistina/farmacologia
11.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; 80(4): 234-237, July-Aug. 2017. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: biblio-888132

RESUMO

ABSTRACT Purpose: We evaluated dynamic thiol/disulfide homeostasis (TDH), malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, and catalase (CAT) activity in patients with age-related macular degeneration (AMD). All analyzes were conducted on plasma samples. Methods: Thirty-two patients with AMD and 38 age-matched healthy controls were included. Native thiol, total thiol, and disulfide levels and TDH status were determined using a novel, automated assay. MDA levels and CAT activity were determined. Percentages were compared using the chi-squared test. The Student's t-test and Mann-Whitney U-test were used to compare quantitative variables. Results: Native thiol levels were significantly lower (p=0.004) in patients with AMD (272.02 ± 52.41 µmol/l) than in healthy individuals (307.82 ± 47.18 µmol/l), whereas disulfide levels were significantly higher (p<0.001) in patients with AMD than in controls (21.64 ± 5.59 vs. 14.48 ± 5.37 µmol/L). Dynamic TDH was also significantly lower (p<0.001) in patients with AMD than in controls (13.41 ± 4.3 vs. 25.41 ± 14.52 µmol/l). No significant differences were evident in total thiol or MDA levels. Mean CAT activity was significantly higher (p=0.043) in patients with AMD compared with controls (0.035 vs. 0.018 k/ml). Conclusions: The antioxidant/oxidant balance demonstrated by dynamic TDH is shifted to the oxidative side in patients with AMD.


RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a homeostase dinâmica de tiol/dissulfureto e os níveis de malon dialdeído (MDA) e catalase (CAT) em pacientes com degeneração macular relacionada à idade (DMRI). Todas as análises foram realizadas em amostras de plasma. Métodos: Foram incluídos 32 pacientes com degeneração macular relacionada à idade e 38 controles saudáveis de idade similar. Os níveis de tiol, tiol total, dissulfureto e estado de homeostase de tiol/dissulfureto foram determinados utilizando um novo ensaio automatizado. Os níveis de atividade de MDA e CAT foram também determinados. As porcentagens foram comparadas pelo teste do qui-quadrado. O teste t de Student e o teste U de Mann Whitney foram utilizados para comparar variáveis quantitativas. Resultados: Os níveis de tiol nativo foram significativamente menores (p=0,004) nos pacientes com degeneração macular relacionada à idade (272,02 ± 52,41 µmol/l) do que nos indivíduos saudáveis (307,82 ± 47,18 µmol/l), enquan to os dissulfetos foram significativamente maiores em pacientes com degeneração macular relacionada à idade (21,64 ± 5,59 µmol/l versus 14,48 ± 5,37 µmol/l, respectivamente, p<0,001). A homeostase dinâmica de tiol/dissulfureto também foi significativamente menor nos pacientes com degeneração macular re la cionada à idade (13,41 ± 4,3 µmol/l) versus os controles (versus 25,41 ± 14,52 µmol/l, p<0,001). Não foram observadas diferenças significativas nos níveis de tiol total ou MDA. A atividade média de CAT foi significativamente mais elevada (p=0,043) em doentes com degeneração macular relacionada à idade (0,035 k/ml vs. 0,018 k/ml). Conclusões: O equilíbrio antioxidante/oxidante demonstrado pela homeostase dinâmica de tiol/dissulfeto é deslocado para o lado oxidativo em pacientes com de generação macular relacionada à idade.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Compostos de Sulfidrila/sangue , Catalase/metabolismo , Dissulfetos/sangue , Degeneração Macular/sangue , Malondialdeído/sangue , Antioxidantes , Biomarcadores/sangue , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Fatores Etários , Estresse Oxidativo/fisiologia , Homeostase
12.
Int. braz. j. urol ; 43(3): 455-461, May.-June 2017. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: biblio-840857

RESUMO

ABSTRACT Objectives The aim of this prospective clinical study was to investigate variations in a novel oxidative stress marker (thiol/disulphide homeostasis) in men who underwent transrectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsy (TRUSB). Materials and Methods A total of 22 men undergoing TRUSB of the prostate were enrolled in the study. Patients with abnormal digital rectal examination and/or total prostate specific antigen (PSA) over 4ng/mL underwent TRUSB with 12 cores. Serum samples were obtained before and just after the procedure to evaluate the possible changes in thiol/disulphide homeostasis. Mean age, total PSA and free PSA, prostate volume and histopathological data were also recorded. Results Mean age of the study population was 65.05±8.89 years. Significant decreases in native and total thiol levels were documented after the biopsy procedure. However, serum disulphide levels and disulphide/native thiol, disulphide/total thiol and native/total thiol ratios did not significantly change after TRUSB. No correlation was observed between oxidative parameters and total PSA and free PSA levels, prostate volume and histopathology of the prostate. However, mean patient age was significantly correlated with mean native and total thiol levels. Conclusion Significant decreases in serum native and total thiol levels related to the prostate biopsy procedure suggest that TRUSB causes acute oxidative stress in the human body. Since our trial is the first in the current literature to investigate these oxidative stress markers in urology practice, additional studies are warranted.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Idoso , Neoplasias da Próstata/metabolismo , Neoplasias da Próstata/diagnóstico por imagem , Compostos de Sulfidrila/metabolismo , Ultrassonografia , Antígeno Prostático Específico/metabolismo , Estresse Oxidativo , Dissulfetos/metabolismo , Próstata/patologia , Biópsia , Biomarcadores , Estudos Prospectivos , Exame Retal Digital , Aspiração por Agulha Fina Guiada por Ultrassom Endoscópico , Biópsia Guiada por Imagem
13.
Electron. j. biotechnol ; 26: 52-59, Mar. 2017. ilus, tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: biblio-1008980

RESUMO

Background: Xylanases are considered one of the most important enzymes in many industries. However, their low thermostability hampers their applications in feed pelleting, pulp bleaching, and so on. The main aim of this work was to improve the thermostability of Trichoderma ressei xylanase 2 (Xyn2) by introducing disulfide bonds between the N-terminal and α-helix and the ß-sheet core. Results: In this work, two disulfide bonds were separately introduced in the Xyn2 to connect the N-terminal and α-helix to the ß-sheet core of Xyn2. The two disulfide bonds were introduced by site-directed mutagenesis of the corresponding residues. The half-life of the mutants Xyn2C14­52 (disulfide bond between ß-sheets B2 and B3) and Xyn2C59­149 (disulfide bond between ß-sheets A5 and A6) at 60°C was improved by approximately 2.5- and 1.8-fold compared to that of the wild type Xyn2. In addition, the enzyme's resistance to alkali and acid was enhanced. Conclusion: Our results indicated that the connection of the N-terminal and α-helix to the ß-sheet core is due to the stable structure of the entire protein.


Assuntos
Trichoderma/enzimologia , Xilosidases/metabolismo , Dissulfetos/metabolismo , Espectrometria de Massas , Temperatura , Trichoderma/genética , Trichoderma/metabolismo , Xilanos/metabolismo , Xilosidases/genética , Estabilidade Enzimática , Cinética , Mutagênese Sítio-Dirigida , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Mutação
14.
Acta cir. bras ; 32(3): 219-228, Mar. 2017. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: biblio-837687

RESUMO

Abstract: Purpose: To investigate the microbiological, inflammatory and oxidant effects of adjuvant ozone administration in experimental rat vascular graft infection model which has not been previously investigated. Methods: Forty adult Wistar rats were divided into Sham, Control, Vancomycin, Ozone, Vancomycin+Ozone groups. Grafts were inoculated with Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strain and implanted subcutaneously. Rats were treated intraperitoneally with ozone and /or intramuscularly with vancomycin for 10 days. Grafts were evaluated by quantitative bacterial cultures. Blood samples were harvested for determination of thiol-disulphide and cytokine profiles. Results: There was no significant difference in bacterial counts between Control and Ozone Groups. In the Ozone Group median colony count was significantly higher than the Vancomycin and Vancomycin+Ozone Groups. Total thiol and disulphide levels increased and disulphide/native thiol and disulphide/total thiol ratios decreased in Ozone Group significantly. Albumin levels decreased significantly in Vancomycin and Vancomycin+Ozone Groups compared to the Sham Group. IL-1 and TNF-alpha levels significantly increased in infected rats. Decreased levels of VEGF due to infection reversed by ozone therapy in control and vancomycin groups. Conclusions: We didn't observe any benefit of the agent on MRSA elimination in our model. Likewise, effects of ozone on thiol-disulphide homeostasis and inflammatory cytokines were contradictory.


Assuntos
Animais , Masculino , Oxidantes Fotoquímicos/farmacologia , Ozônio/farmacologia , Infecções Estafilocócicas/tratamento farmacológico , Dissulfetos/sangue , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente à Meticilina/efeitos dos fármacos , Enxerto Vascular , Valores de Referência , Fatores de Tempo , Doenças Vasculares/microbiologia , Albumina Sérica/análise , Vancomicina/farmacologia , Contagem de Colônia Microbiana , Distribuição Aleatória , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Citocinas/sangue , Resultado do Tratamento , Ratos Wistar , Transplantes/microbiologia , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente à Meticilina/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Homeostase/efeitos dos fármacos , Antibacterianos/farmacologia
15.
Electron. j. biotechnol ; 19(3): 54-57, May 2016. ilus
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: lil-787008

RESUMO

Background: Bacillus thuringiensis Cry toxins bind with different insect midgut proteins leading to toxin oligomerization, membrane insertion and pore formation. However, different Cry toxins had been shown to readily form high molecular weight oligomers or aggregates in solution in the absence of receptor interaction. The role of Cry oligomers formed in solution remains uncertain. The Cry9A proteins show high toxicity against different Lepidoptera, and no-cross resistance with Cry1A. Results: Cry9Aa655 protein formed oligomers easily in solution mediated by disulfide bonds, according to SDS-PAGE analysis under non-reducing and reducing conditions. However, oligomerization is not observed if Cry9Aa655 is activated with trypsin, suggesting that cysteine residues, C14 and C16, located in the N-terminal end that is processed during activation participate in this oligomerization. To determine the role of these residues on oligomerization and in toxicity single and double alanine substitution were constructed. In contrast to single C14A and C16A mutants, the double C14A-C16A mutant did not form oligomers in solution. Toxicity assays against Plutella xylostella showed that the C14A-C16A mutant had a similar insecticidal activity as the Cry9Aa655 protein indicating the oligomers of Cry9Aa formed in solution in the absence of receptor binding are not related with toxicity. Conclusions: The aggregation of Cry9Aa655 polypeptides was mediated by disulfide bonds. Cry9Aa655 C14 and C16C are involved in oligomerization in solution. These aggregate forms are not related to the mode of action of Cry9Aa leading to toxicity.


Assuntos
Bacillus thuringiensis , Proteínas de Bactérias , Inseticidas , Bioensaio , Dissulfetos , Eletroforese em Gel de Poliacrilamida , Toxinas de Bacillus thuringiensis , Mutação
16.
J. venom. anim. toxins incl. trop. dis ; 22: [1-15], 2016. ilus, tab
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1484662

RESUMO

During evolution, nature has embraced different strategies for species to survive. One strategy, applied by predators as diverse as snakes, scorpions, sea anemones and cone snails, is using venom to immobilize or kill a prey. This venom offers a unique and extensive source of chemical diversity as it is driven by the evolutionary pressure to improve prey capture and/or to protect their species. Cone snail venom is an example of the remarkable diversity in pharmacologically active small peptides that venoms can consist of. These venom peptides, called conopeptides, are classified into two main groups based on the number of cysteine residues, namely disulfide-rich and disulfide-poor conopeptides. Since disulfide-poor conotoxins are minor components of this venom cocktail, the number of identified peptides and the characterization of these peptides is far outclassed by its cysteine-rich equivalents. This review provides an overview of 12 families of disulfide-poor peptides identified to date as well as the state of affairs.


Assuntos
Animais , Dissulfetos/análise , Dissulfetos/classificação , Oligopeptídeos/análise , Oligopeptídeos/classificação , Oligopeptídeos/síntese química , Farmacologia/tendências
17.
Int. arch. otorhinolaryngol. (Impr.) ; 19(2): 112-115, Apr-Jun/2015. tab
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: lil-747142

RESUMO

Introduction Parotid gland incidentalomas (PGIs) are unexpected hypermetabolic foci in the parotid region that can be found when scanning with whole-body positron emission/computed tomography (PET/CT). These deposits are most commonly due to benign lesions such as Warthin tumor. Objective The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of PGIs identified in PET/CT scans and to assess the role of smoking in their etiology. Methods We retrospectively reviewed all PET/CT scans performed at our center in search of PGIs and identified smoking status and standardized uptake value (SUVmax) in each case. We also analyzed the database of parotidectomies performed in our department in the previous 10 years and focused on the pathologic diagnosis and the presence or absence of smoking in each case. Results Sixteen cases of PGIs were found in 4,250 PET/CT scans, accounting for 0.4% . The average SUVmax was 6.5 (range 2.8 to 16). Cytology was performed in five patients; it was benign in four cases and inconclusive in one case. Thirteen patients had a history of smoking. Of the parotidectomies performed in our center with a diagnosis of Warthin tumor, we identified a history of smoking in 93.8% of those patients. Conclusions The prevalence of PGIs on PET/CT was similar to that reported by other authors. Warthin tumor is frequently diagnosed among PGIs on PET/CT, and it has a strong relationship with smoking. We suggest that a diagnosis other than Warthin tumor should be considered for PGIs in nonsmokers. .


Assuntos
Humanos , Proteínas ADAM/metabolismo , Proteólise , Fator de von Willebrand/química , Fator de von Willebrand/metabolismo , Sítios de Ligação , Cálcio/metabolismo , Dissulfetos/química , Dissulfetos/metabolismo , Ligação de Hidrogênio , Modelos Moleculares , Mutagênese Sítio-Dirigida , Ligação Proteica , Estabilidade Proteica , Estrutura Terciária de Proteína , Isoformas de Proteínas/química , Isoformas de Proteínas/metabolismo , Fator de von Willebrand/genética
18.
Rev. bras. epidemiol ; 18(1): 194-207, Jan-Mar/2015. tab
Artigo em Português | LILACS | ID: lil-736436

RESUMO

OBJETIVO: Analisar os fatores pessoais associados à prevalência e duração dos benefícios auxílio-doença decorrentes de sinovite e tenossinovite (CID10 M65). MÉTODO: Estudo transversal referente aos benefícios auxílio-doença decorrentes de sinovite e tenossinovite concedidos pelo Instituto Nacional de Seguro Social aos empregados no Brasil em 2008. Dados sobre o ramo de atividade econômica (Classificação Nacional de Atividades Econômicas - CNAE divisão, classe), sexo, idade, espécie e duração dos benefícios foram coletados do Sistema Único de Benefícios. A população corresponde à média mensal dos vínculos empregatícios declarados ao Cadastro Nacional de Informações Sociais. RESULTADOS: Em 2008 foram concedidos 35.601 benefícios auxílio-doença decorrentes de sinovite e tenossinovite, com prevalência de 10,9/10.000 vínculos empregatícios. No conjunto dos benefícios auxílio-doença houve maior razão de prevalência (RP) acidentária (RP 1,2), sendo esta maior em mulheres (RP 3,3), e em trabalhadores com idade acima de 39 anos (RP 1,4). As CNAE 37-Esgoto (55,4) e 60-Atividade de rádio e TV (47,1) apresentaram as maiores prevalências, no entanto, 64-Atividade de serviços financeiros e 6422-Bancos múltiplos caracterizaram mais acidentes de trabalho (RP 3,2 e 3,8, respectivamente) e maior duração (70 e 73 dias, respectivamente). A maior duração de benefício ocorreu entre trabalhadores com idade superior a 39 anos. Tanto a CNAE-divisão 60-Atividade de rádio e TV, quanto a CNAE-classe 6010-Atividade de rádio apresentaram elevadas razões de feminilidade (RP 8,1 e 10,8, respectivamente). CONCLUSÃO: A incapacidade para o trabalho por sinovite e tenossinovite apresenta associação tanto da prevalência quanto da duração com o ramo de atividade, sexo, idade e espécie de benefício (previdenciário/acidentário). .


OBJECTIVE: To analyse the personal and occupational factors associated with the prevalence and duration of sickness benefit claims due to synovitis and tenosynovitis (CID10 M65). METHODS: Cross-sectional study regarding sickness benefit claims due to synovitis and tenosynovitis granted to employees by National Institute of Social Security in Brazil in 2008. Data on economic activity (Economic Activities National Classification - CNAE division, class), sex, age, type and duration of benefits were collected from the Unified Benefit System. The study's population consists of the average monthly employment contracts declared to the National Register of Social Information. RESULTS: In 2008, 35,601 employees were granted sickness benefits due to synovitis and tenosynovitis, with a prevalence of 10.9/10,000 employments. Sickness benefits showed higher prevalence rates (PR) for work-related claims (PR 1,2), mostly made by females (PR 3.3) and by workers older than 39 years (PR 1,4). The CNAE 37-Sewage (55.4) and 60-Broadcasting Activity (47.1) had the highest overall prevalence. However, the 64-Financial service activities, except insurance and pension funding and 6422-Multiple banks with commercial service had the highest rates of work-related claims (RP 3.2 and 3.8, respectively), and the longer duration (70 and 73 days, respectively). Workers older than 39 years had the highest durations of work disability claims. Both the CNAE-division 60-Broadcasting Activity, and the CNAE-class 6010-Radio showed a high activity ratio of females (PR 8.1 and 10.8, respectively). CONCLUSION: The work disability due to synovitis and tenosynovitis presents prevalence and duration associated with economic activity, sex, age and kind of benefit (non work-related and work-related claims). .


Assuntos
Humanos , Globinas/química , Peróxido de Hidrogênio/química , Proteínas do Tecido Nervoso/química , Nitritos/química , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Sítios de Ligação , Catálise , Cisteína/química , Cisteína/metabolismo , Dissulfetos/química , Dissulfetos/metabolismo , Globinas/metabolismo , Peróxido de Hidrogênio/metabolismo , Cinética , Modelos Moleculares , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Mioglobina/química , Mioglobina/metabolismo , Proteínas do Tecido Nervoso/metabolismo , Nitritos/metabolismo , Oxirredução , Conformação Proteica , Fenol/química , Fenóis/química , Fenilacetatos/química , Espectrometria de Massas em Tandem
19.
Rev. colomb. psiquiatr ; 41(1): 217-228, ene.-abr. 2012. ilus, graf, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-639942

RESUMO

Introducción: En psiquiatría de enlace se logra obtener una visión integral del tratamiento y de las necesidades de cada paciente prestando especial atención a las interacciones medicamentosas y a las contraindicaciones. Algunos casos particulares motivaron la descripción, reporte y revisión bibliográfica acerca de otras posibles aplicaciones de fármacos antagonistas de los recetores 5HT2A y 3, particularmente mirtazapina y olanzapina, en síndrome de hiperalgesia, tinitus y leucoencefalopatía multifocal progresiva por virus JC. Método: reporte de casos. Resultados y Conclusiones: Se describen los casos de tres pacientes en los cuales fue necesario usar mirtazapina y olanzapina no solo para el control de los síntomas psiquiátricos (afectivos, comportamentales y trastorno del sueño), sino también como coadyuvantes en las patologías de base de cada paciente. El uso de cualquier medicamento en psiquiatría de enlace debe tener en cuenta el contexto del paciente, la comorbilidad, las contraindicaciones y las interacciones farmacológicas para garantizar un desenlace positivo, además de promover el trabajo multidisciplinario entre especialistas.


Introduction: In liaison psychiatry it is possible to get an integral view of patient's treatment and needs, paying special attention to pharmacological interactions and contraindications. Some particular cases motivated the description, report and review about other possible applications of 5HT2A and 5HT3 antagonist, particularly Mirtazapine and Olanzapine, in hyperalgesia syndrome, tinnitus and Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy by JC virus. Method: Cases report. Results: We describe 3 cases of patients in which Mirtazapine and Olanzapine were necessary not only to control psychiatric symptoms (affective / behavioral symptoms and insomnia) but to act as adjuvant therapy in axis III diseases. The use of any drug in psychiatry must take in to account the context of the patient, the presence of comorbidity, contraindications and pharmacological interactions so as to grant a positive outcome also promoting the multidisciplinary work between specialists.


Assuntos
Humanos , Proteínas Adaptadoras de Transdução de Sinal/metabolismo , Núcleo Celular/metabolismo , Cisteína/metabolismo , Neurônios/metabolismo , Tiorredoxinas/metabolismo , Fatores de Transcrição/metabolismo , Motivos de Aminoácidos , Proteínas Adaptadoras de Transdução de Sinal/genética , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Cisteína/química , Citoplasma/metabolismo , Dissulfetos/química , Perfilação da Expressão Gênica , Regulação da Expressão Gênica , Anotação de Sequência Molecular , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Mutação , Neurônios/citologia , Oxirredução , Mapeamento de Interação de Proteínas , Transdução de Sinais , Transcrição Gênica , Tiorredoxinas/genética , Fatores de Transcrição/genética
20.
Invest. clín ; 52(4): 312-322, dic. 2011. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-659221

RESUMO

El objetivo de este trabajo fue estudiar la susceptibilidad in vitro de aislados de Cryptocococus spp con una nueva clase de antifúngicos, hidrazonas esteroidales y comparar su actividad antifúngica en combinación con ajoeno y posaconazol contra aislados de Cryptococcus spp. Se utilizaron tres aislados del género Cryptococcus 42794, 4050 y 44192 y se evaluaron su sensibilidad y efectos sinérgicos con las hidrazonas esteroidales, ajoeno y posaconazol, según el documento M27-A2 del CLSI. Se incluyeron las cepas Candida albicans (ATCC 90028) y Candida parapsilosis (ATCC 22019) como controles. Se observó con las hidrazonas (H1, H2, H3, H4) un efecto plateau a partir de 10 µM (CMI). Sin embargo, con la H4 se obtuvo bajo porcentaje de inhibición del crecimiento. Con el ajoeno, se obtuvieron valores de CMI de 25 y 50 µM. El posaconazol mostró altos valores de inhibición y un valor de CMI de 6 µM para 42794 y 44192 y un CMI de 20 µM para el aislado 4050. Se obtuvieron efectos sinérgicos al combinar posaconazol con ajoeno, ajoeno con hidrazona 3 y posaconazol con hidrazona 3. Los valores de concentración inhibitoria fraccional fueron de 0,24; 0,16 y 0,09 respectivamente, indicando un marcado efecto sinérgico. Se obtuvieron efectos sinérgicos importantes entre el posaconazol con ajoeno, ajoeno con hidrazona 3 y posaconazol con hidrazona 3, lo cual sería muy útil para futuros estudios clínicos.


The aim of this study was to assess the in vitro susceptibility to novel antifungal compounds, the steroidal hydrazones, and to compare their antifungal activity and synergistic effects with other compounds, such as ajoeno and posaconazole on Cryptocococus spp isolates. Three Cryptococcus strains were used for this study (42794, 4050 and 44192) and their antifungal sensitivity and synergistic effects with ajoeno and posaconazole were evaluated according to the CLSI protocol number M27-A2. Candida albicans (ATCC 90028) and Candida parapsilosis (ATCC 22019) were used as controls. A plateau effect with hydrazones (H1, H2, H3, H4) was observed after 10 µM (CMI). However, with H4 only a mild inhibition on the growth was obtained. Combining hydrazone and ajoeno, CMI values between 25 and 50 µM were obtained. The highest inhibitions values were obtained with posaconazole and a CMI value of 6 µM for the strains 42794 and 44192, and a CMI value of 20 µM for the strain 4050. Synergy was observed combining posaconazole with ajoeno, ajoeno with hydrazone 3 and posaconazole with hydrazone 3. Fractional inhibitory concentrations were 0.24, 0.16 and 0.09 respectively, which might indicate a synergistic effect. Important synergistic effects were obtained with posaconazole and ajoeno, ajoeno and hydrazone 3 and posaconazole with hydrazone 3, which would be very useful for clinical trials in the future.


Assuntos
Antifúngicos/farmacologia , Cryptococcus gattii/efeitos dos fármacos , Cryptococcus neoformans/efeitos dos fármacos , Dissulfetos/farmacologia , Hidrazonas/farmacologia , Técnicas In Vitro , Triazóis/farmacologia , Candida/efeitos dos fármacos , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Avaliação Pré-Clínica de Medicamentos , Farmacorresistência Fúngica , Sinergismo Farmacológico , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana
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