Optimization of cosmetic formulations development using Box-Behnken design with response surface methodology: physical, sensory and moisturizing properties

Considering the importance of an adequate composition of the formulation in the development of stable, safe and effective cosmetic products, experimental design techniques are tools that can optimize the formulation development process. The objective of this study was to develop topical formulations using the Box-Behnken design with response surface methodology and evaluate its physical, sensory and moisturizing properties. The experimental design used in the first step allowed to identify and to quantify the influence of raw materials, as well as the interaction between them. In the second step, the analysis identified the influence of soy lecithin, the phytantriol and capric acid triglyceride and caprylic on the consistency index, stickiness and greasiness and skin hydration. Cetearyl alcohol, dicetyl phosphate and cetyl phosphate 10EO and acrylates/C10-30 alkylacrylate crosspolymer showed effects in rheological parameters. The addition of soy lecithin had significant effects in terms of consistency index, stickiness, oiliness and immediate moisturizing effects. Phytantriol showed effects on increasing consistency index and oiliness sensation. Thus, the experimental design was shown to be an effective tool for research and development of cosmetics, since it allowed the assessment of the individual and interaction effects of raw materials in the responses: rheological parameters, sensory and clinical efficacy.

Idiosyncratic reaction after injection of polyacrylate - polyalcohol copolymer

ABSTRACT Context: Polyacrylate-polyalcohol copolymer is a synthetic product, non-biodegradable, with low rate of therapeutic failure and lower incidence of reactions at the site of injection, when compared to biodegradable agents. We report an unprecedent, exuberant and persistent inflammatory reaction following injection of that substance. Patient: a 17 years-old patient with vesico-ureteral reflux and complete pyelocaliceal right duplication was submitted to treatment with polyacrylate-polyalcohol copolymer (STING technique). In the seventh day of post-operatory, she presented intense dysuria and hypogastric pain, without laboratory exams alterations; a symptomatic treatment was started. After two months, the symptoms persisted and an ultrasound detected thickening of bladder wall close to the uretero-vesical junction. After that exam, a cystostopic biopsy showed epithelial hyperplasia with increased edema of lamina propria, suggesting an adverse reaction to the polymer. After four months, there was complete remission, but the reflux persisted with the same grade. Hypothesis: This is an unprecedent reaction following injection of this copolymer. The presence of characteristics such as absence of infection, temporal relation between treatment and beginning of symptoms, and detection of epithelial hyperplasia at the local of injection reinforce the hypothesis of association of the substance and adverse reaction. In that patient, important complains motivated early investigation of urinary tract, that confirmed those aspects. Maybe if that reaction had occurred in patients with lower capacity of expression (such as in infants) it would be unnoticed.

The effects of monomers used in polymeric biomaterials on renal tissue / Efectos de los monómeros de los biomateriales poliméricos utilizados en tejido renal

SUMMARY: Biomaterials are mostly polymers and are used in artificial organ production in contemporary medicine. They are prepared by the polymerization reaction of many monomers. There are many monomers used in biomaterial production. In this study, we investigated whether acrylamide (AAm), methacrylamide (MAAm), N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAm) and acrylic acid (AAc) used in polymeric biomaterial production had histopathological effects on renal tissue. In the present study, Wistar albino rats weighing ~ 250-300 g were used. Following the intramuscular injections of 1 mL aqueous monomer solutions at 50 mg/kg concentrations, acrylamide group animals were sacrificed at 1st, 2nd and 3rd weeks, the other monomer group animals were sacrificed at 1st, 2nd, 4th and 6th weeks. One mL serum physiologic were injected intramuscularly to the control group animals at the same time intervals with the experimental group animals. After histological follow-up, serial sections were prepared for evaluation under light microscope. In addition, the diameters of glomeruli and glomeruli space (Bowman's space) are measured, and the changes of the values of all groups with the exposure time were investigated. Acrylamide and its derivatives cause glomerular, arteriolar and tubule interstitial damage in the renal tissue. The narrowing glomeruli space, increasing diffuse mesangial matrix and tubular dilation was observed in some groups. In addition, dilatation, dissociation of tubular epithelium, thickening basement membranes and glycogenic vacuolization was also noted. These adverse results may be due to residual monomer. There should be no monomer residue in the polymer used as biomaterials.

RESUMEN: Los biomateriales en su mayoría son polímeros utilizados en la producción de órganos artificiales en la medicina contemporánea. Éstos son preparados mediante la reacción de polimerización de varios monómeros. Existe una gran cantidad de monómeros usados en la producción de biomateriales. En este estudio se investigó si la acrilamida (AAm), la metacrilamida (MAAm), la N-isopropilacrilamida (NIPAm) y el ácido acrílico (AAc) utilizados en la producción de biomateriales poliméricos tuvieron efectos histopatológicos en el tejido renal. En el presente estudio, se utilizaron ratas Wistar albinas que pesaban 250-300 g. Después de las inyecciones intramusculares (1 ml) de soluciones acuosas de monómero a concentraciones de 50 mg / kg, los animales del grupo de la acrilamida se sacrificaron a la 1ª, 2ª y 3ª semanas, los otros animales del grupo monómero se sacrificaron a las 1ª, 2ª, 4ª y 6ª semanas. Se inyectaron intramuscularmente 1 ml de suero fisiológico a los animales del grupo control en los mismos intervalos de tiempo que los animales del grupo experimental. Después del análisis histológico, se prepararon secciones en serie para su evaluación bajo microscopio óptico. Además, se midieron los diámetros de los glomérulos y el espacio glomerular, y se investigaron los cambios de los valores de todos los grupos con el tiempo de exposición. La acrilamida y sus derivados causaron daño intersticial glomerular, arteriolar y tubular en el tejido renal. El estrechamiento del espacio de los glomérulos, el aumento de la matriz mesangial difusa y la dilatación tubular se observó en algunos grupos. Además, también se observó dilatación, disociación del epitelio tubular, membranas basales espesantes y vacuolización glicogénica. Estos resultados adversos pueden deberse al monómero residual. No debe haber residuo de monómero en el polímero utilizado como biomateriales.

The outcomes of two different bulking agents (dextranomer hyaluronic acid copolymer and polyacrylate-polyalcohol copolymer) in the treatment of primary vesico-ureteral reflux

ABSTRACT Purpose Subureteral injection of bulking agents in the endoscopic treatment of vesicoureteral reflux is widely accepted therapy with high success rates. Although the grade of vesicoureteric reflux and experience of surgeon is the mainstay of this success, the characteristics of augmenting substances may have an effect particularly in the long term. In this retrospective study, we aimed to evaluate the clinical outcomes of the endoscopic treatment of vesicoureteric reflux (VUR) with two different bulking agents: Dextranomer/hyaluronic acid copolymer (Dx/HA) and Polyacrylate polyalcohol copolymer (PPC). Materials and Methods A total 80 patients (49 girls and 31 boys) aged 1-12 years (mean age 5.3 years) underwent endoscopic subureteral injection for correction of VUR last six years. The patients were assigned to two groups: subureteral injections of Dx/HA (45 patients and 57 ureters) and PPC (35 patients and 45 ureters). VUR was grade II in 27 ureters, grade III in 35, grade IV in 22 and grade V in 18 ureters. Results VUR was resolved in 38 (66.6%) of 57 ureters and this equates to VUR correction in 33 (73.3%) of the 45 patients in Dx/HA group. In PPC group, overall success rate was 88.8% (of 40 in 45 ureters). Thus, Thus, this equates to VUR correction in 31 (88.5%) of the 35 patients. Conclusions Our short term data show that two different bulking agent injections provide a high level of reflux resolution and this study revealed that success rate of PPC was significantly higher than Dx/HA with less material.

Water and Physiological Saline to Prevent the Formation of P-Chloroaniline / Agua y Suero Fisiológico para Prevenir la Formación de Paracloroanilina

This study determined if p-chloroaniline (PCA) can be minimized by using distilled water and physiological saline solution following sodium hypochlorite but before chlorhexidine. Hypochlorite 5%, 0.5%, 0.05%, 0.005% and 0.0005% dissolved in 0.9% NaCl and in distilled water were mixed with 2% chlorhexidine for the formation of PCA. The PCA was determined using UV-VISIBLE spectrometry, with spectral curve was determined the wavelength of maximum absorption of PCA. Formed PCA absorbance was measured between 0.025%, 0.02%, 0.015%, 0.01%, 0.005% and 0.0025% hypochlorite and 2% chlorhexidine. 2% chlorhexidine and hypochlorite with physiological saline form a white precipitate which prevents the measurement of PCA. Colored PCA is formed with 0.05%, 0.005% hypochlorite aqueous dilutions and 2% chlorhexidine. The lwavelength of maximum absorption obtained was 470 nm and absorbance of PCA showed a linear decrease. 0.005% NaClO produces the least amount of PCA. The best solvent to prevent the formation of PCA during the interaction of sodium hypochlorite with chlorhexidine is distilled water.

Este estudio determinó si la p-cloroanilina (PCA) puede ser minimizada mediante el uso de agua destilada y solución salina fisiológica seguido de la aplicación de hipoclorito de sodio, previo a la aplicación de clorhexidina. Hipoclorito al 5%, 0,5%, 0,05%, 0,005% y 0,0005% fue disuelto en 0,9% de NaCl y en agua destilada se mezcló con 2% de clorhexidina para la formación de PCA. El PCA se determinó mediante espectrometría UV-Visible, y con curva espectral se determinó la longitud de onda máxima del PCA. La absorbancia del PCA formado se midió con 0,025%, 0,02%, 0,015%, 0,01%, 0,005% y 0,0025% de hipoclorito y 2% de clorhexidina. La combinación de 2% de clorhexidina e hipoclorito en solución salina fisiológica forman un precipitado blanco que impide la medición del PCA. El PCA coloreado es formado con 0,05%, 0,005% diluciones acuosas de hipoclorito y 2% de clorhexidina. La longitud de onda máxima obtenida fue de 470 nm y la absorbancia del PCA mostró una disminución lineal. NaClO al 0,005% produce menor cantidad de PCA. El mejor disolvente para evitar la formación de PCA durante la interacción de hipoclorito de sodio con clorhexidina es agua destilada.

Eradication of a Mature Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Biofilm From Acrylic Surfaces

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) can grow as structured biofilm in different surfaces, including oral mucosa and denture surfaces. Such biofilms can be released into the oral fluids and aspirated, causing systemic infections such as aspiration pneumonia. This study evaluated the efficacy of two disinfectant solutions and microwave irradiation in disinfecting acrylic specimens contaminated with MRSA biofilm. Thirty-six acrylic specimens were made, sterilized and contaminated with MRSA (107 cfu/mL). After incubation (37 °C/48 h), the specimens were divided into 4 groups: not disinfected (positive control); soaking in 1% sodium hypochlorite for 10 min; soaking in 2% chlorhexidine gluconate for 10 min; and irradiating by microwave for 3 min at 650 W. The viability of cells was evaluated by XTT reduction method. All specimens from the positive control group showed biofilm formation after 48 h incubation. The mean absorbance value of the control specimens was 1.58 (OD at 492 nm). No evidence of biofilm formation was observed on specimens after the disinfection methods. Disinfection by soaking in 1% sodium hypochlorite and 2% chlorhexidine gluconate and irradiating by microwaves resulted in 100% reduction of MRSA biofilm metabolism. The use of chemical solutions and microwave irradiation was shown to be effective for eradicating mature MRSA biofilms on acrylic resin specimens.

Staphylococcus aureus resistente à meticilina (MRSA, do inglês methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus) pode crescer como biofilme estruturado em diferentes superfícies, incluindo mucosa bucal e superfícies de próteses. Estes biofilmes podem se dispersar nos fluidos orais e ser aspirados, causando infecções sistêmicas, como a pneumonia aspirativa. Este estudo avaliou a eficácia de duas soluções desinfetantes e irradiação por microondas na desinfecção de corpos-de-prova acrílicos contaminados com biofilme de MRSA. Trinta e seis espécimes de resina acrílica foram fabricados, esterilizados e contaminados com MRSA (107 ufc/mL). Após a incubação (37 °C/48 h), os espécimes foram divididos em quatro grupos: não desinfetados (controle positivo); imersos em hipoclorito de sódio 1% por 10 min; imersos em gluconato de clorexidina 2% por 10 min e irradiados por microondas durante 3 min a 650 W. A viabilidade das células foi avaliada pelo método de redução de XTT. Todos os espécimes do grupo controle apresentaram formação de biofilme após 48 h de incubação. O valor médio de absorbância destes espécimes foi de 1.58 (OD a 492 nm). Nenhuma evidência de formação de biofilme foi observada em todas as amostras desinfetadas. A desinfecção em hipoclorito de sódio 1%, gluconato de clorexidina 2% e irradiação em microondas resultou em 100% de redução do metabolismo do biofilme de MRSA. O uso de soluções químicas e irradiação em microondas mostrou-se eficaz na eliminação do biofilme maduro de MRSA sobre corpos-de-prova de resina acrílica.

Effect of different surface penetrating sealants on the roughness of a nanofiller composite resin

This study evaluated the effectiveness of different sealants applied to a nanofiller composite resin. Forty specimens of Filtek Z-350 were obtained after inserting the material in a 6x3 mm stainless steel mold followed by light activation for 20 s. The groups were divided (n=10) according to the surface treatment applied: Control group (no surface treatment), Fortify, Fortify Plus and Biscover LV. The specimens were subjected to simulated toothbrushing using a 200 g load and 250 strokes/min to simulate 1 week, 1, 3 and 6 months and 1 and 3 years in the mouth, considering 10,000 cycles equivalent to 1 year of toothbrushing. Oral-B soft-bristle-tip toothbrush heads and Colgate Total dentifrice at a 1:2 water-dilution were used. After each simulated time, surface roughness was assessed in random triplicate readings. The data were submitted to two-way ANOVA and Tukey's test at a 95% confidence level. The specimens were observed under scanning electron microscopy (SEM) after each toothbrushing cycle. The control group was not significantly different (p>0.05) from the other groups, except for Fortify Plus (p<0.05), which was rougher. No significant differences (p>0.05) were observed at the 1-month assessment between the experimental and control groups. Fortify and Fortify Plus presented a rougher surface over time, differing from the baseline (p<0.05). Biscover LV did not differ (p>0.05) from the baseline at any time. None of the experimental groups showed a significantly better performance (p>0.05) than the control group at any time. SEM confirmed the differences found during the roughness testing. Surface penetrating sealants did not improve the roughness of nanofiller composite resin.

Este estudo avaliou a efetividade de diferentes selantes aplicados a uma resina nanoparticulada. Quarenta espécimes de Filtek Z-350 foram obtidos depois da inserção do material em um molde de aço inoxidável seguido por fotoativação por 20 s. Os grupos foram divididos (n=10) de acordo com o tratamento superficial aplicado: Grupo controle (sem tratamento superficial), Fortify, Fortify Plus ou Biscover LV. Os espécimes foram submetidos a escovação simulada usando uma carga de 200 g e 250 ciclos/min para simular 1 semana, 1, 3 e 6 meses e 1 e 3 anos, considerando que 10.000 ciclos equivalem a um ano de escovação. Escovas Oral-B de cabeça macia e dentifrício Colgate Total diluído a 1:2 em água foram utilizados. Depois de cada período de simulação, a rugosidade superficial foi medida em triplicata. Os dados foram submetidos à ANOVA de dois fatores e ao teste de Tukey com nível de 95% de confiança. Os espécimes foram observados em microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV) depois de cada ciclo de escovação. O grupo controle não foi diferente (p>0,05) que os outros grupos, exceto pelo Fortify Plus (p<0,05), que foi mais rugoso. Nenhuma diferença (p>0,05) foi observada em 1 mês de simulação entre os grupos experimentais e o controle. Fortify e Fortify Plus apresentaram rugosidade regular com o tempo, diferindo da inicial em todos os tempos. Nenhum dos grupos selados mostrou melhor desempenho (p>0,05) que o grupo controle em qualquer um dos tempos. MEV ressaltou as diferenças encontradas durante o teste de rugosidade. Selantes de penetração de superfície não melhoram a rugosidade da resina nanoparticulada.

Formulation and characterization of nystatin gel

The main objective of this research is to develop and characterize a series of carbopol 934 (CP) hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) and a combination of carbopol-HPMC as a gel base for topical delivery of nystatin. The drug level was held constant at 1.72% w/w and the level of propylene glycol which is used as a co-solvent and penetration enhancer was also kept constant at 2% w/w. The total level of the polymer was held constant at 1.5% w/w as a single polymer or combination of two polymers. The polymers combination selected were: carbopol 934 to HPMC at a ratio of 0:1, 1:0, 1:2, 2:1 and 1:1. The batch size was 500 g and triethanolamine was used to adjust the pH of the gel. The rheological study showed that formulation containing combination of 2 carbopol and 1 HPMC ratio gave the highest viscosity, and exhibited an apparent pseudoplastic thixotropic behavior. The diffusion study indicated that gel formulation containing carbopol-HPMC at a ratio of 2:1 gave the highest percent drug diffusion compared to formulation containing low carbopol to HPMC ratio, carbopol alone or HPMC alone. Both in-vitro release and rheological study indicated that carbopol-HPMC had the best gel strength, physical properties and ability to diffuse the drug than carbopol or HPMC alone. The results obtained in this study demonstrated that the combination of carbopol and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose can be used as a gel vehicle for nystatin topical application.

Influence of pressure application before light-curing on the bond strength of adhesive systems to dentin

This study evaluated the influence of defined pressure application before light-curing on the tensile bond strength (TBS) of two adhesive systems to wet and perfused dentin. Bonding sites were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to assess morphological changes. Dentin discs from 120 human third molars were prepared in such a way to allow simulation of intrapulpal pressure. The specimens were randomly assigned to 6 groups (n=20) according to different experimental conditions. The adhesive systems (ScotchbondTM Multi-Purpose and Syntac®) were applied either to wet or perfused dentin. In the latter, compression was applied before adhesive light-curing . TBS was recorded using an universal testing machine. Qualitative examination of the bonding sites was performed by SEM after dissolving the dentin with 50 percent nitric acid. Pressure application prior to light-curing resulted in a remarkable decrease of TBS for Syntac®, while no significant change was observed for ScotchbondTM MP. SEM analysis showed no considerable lengthening of the resin tags after pressure application. These findings suggest that application of adhesive systems to dentin under pressure before light-curing had no positive effect on TBS.

Este estudo avaliou a influência da aplicação de uma pressão definida antes da polimerização sobre a resistência à tração de dois sistemas adesivos à dentina molhada e perfundida. Os sítios de adesão foram analisados em microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV) a fim de determinar a ocorrência de alterações morfológicas. Discos de dentina de 120 terceiros molares humanos foram preparados de tal forma a simular a pressão intrapulpar. Os espécimes foram alocados aleatoriamente em 6 grupos (n=20), de acordo com as diferentes condições experimentais propostas. Os sistemas adesivos (Syntac® e ScotchbondTM Multi-Purpose) foram aplicados sobre a dentina molhada ou perfundida. Nesta última, compressão (7 N) foi aplicada antes da polimerização do sistema adesivo. A resistência à tração foi registrada em máquina universal de ensaios. A análise qualitativa dos sítios de adesão foi realizada em MEV após dissolução da dentina em 50 por cento de ácido nítrico. A aplicação da pressão antes da polimerização do sistema adesivo resultou em diminuição significativa da resistência à tração do Syntac®, ao passo que para o ScotchbondTM MP nenhuma alteração significativa foi observada. A análise em MEV não mostrou aumento considerável do tamanho dos tags de resina após a aplicação da pressão. Esses achados sugerem que a aplicação de sistemas adesivos à dentina sob pressão previamente à polimerização não teve efeito positivo sobre a resistência à tração.

Efeito de tratamentos pós-polimerização sobre o peso molecular, o grau de conversão, a temperatura de transição vítrea e a liberação in vitro de monômero residual, plastificante e produtos de degradação de resinas acrílicas para reembasamento imediato / Effect of post-polymerization treatments on molecular weight, degree of conversion, glass transition temperature, and in vitro leachability of residual monomer, plasticizer, and degradation products of hard chairside reline resins

Os objetivos deste estudo foram avaliar: 1. o efeito de tratamentos póspolimerização (MW-irradiação por energia de microondas e WB-imersão em água aquecida) sobre o grau de conversão (DC) de resinas acrílicas para reembasamento imediato (Ufi Gel hard-U, Kooliner-K e Tokuso Rebase Fast-T) e de uma resina acrílica para base de prótese (Lucitone 550-L), submetida a dois ciclos de polimerização (LS-curto e LL-longo) por espectroscopia FT-Raman; 2. o peso molecular (M w) do pré-polímero dos materiais U, K, T e L e das amostras polimerizadas da resina K (controle; MW e WB) por GPC; 3. o efeito de MW e WB na temperatura de transição vítrea (Tg) das resinas para reembasamento imediato (Duraliner II-D, K, New Truliner-N, U e T) e da resina para base de prótese (LS e LL) por DSC; 4. o efeito de WB na liberação de compostos residuais (isobutil metacrilato-IBMA, 1,6-hexanediol dimetacrilato-1,6-HDMA e DBNP-dibutil-n-ftalato) a partir das resinas para reembasamento imediato K, N, U e T para saliva artificial por CLAE; 5. o efeito de WB na liberação de produtos de degradação (ácido metacrílico-MA e ácido benzóico-BA) a partir das resinas para reembasamento imediato K, N, U e T para saliva artificial por CLAE. Amostras do grupo controle não foram submetidas a nenhum tratamento. Os resultados de DC (porcentagem) foram analisados pelo teste de Kruskal-Wallis (_=0,05). Os resultados de Tg (ºC) foram analisados pela análise de variância (ANOVA), seguido pelo teste de Tukey (_=0,05)...

Evolución de las lentes intraoculares y los viscoelásticos / Intraocular lenses and viscoelastic evolution review

Se hace una revisión de la literatura y se relata la evolución de las lentes intraoculares, de sus materiales y diseños, así como de los viscoelásticos.

Braquiterapia en vía biliar: tratamiento percutáneo de complicación hemorrágica / Brachitherapy of bile ducts: percutaneous treatment

Objetivo: presentar una complicación poco común en el tratamiento oncológico mediante braquiterapia con Ir192 del colangiocarcinoma y su tratamiento mediante embolización endovascular. Material y método: hombre de 74 años de edad, portador de colangiocarcinoma en canal hepático común. Ingresa a protocolo de braquiterapia con Ir192. Se administran 40 Gy en dos sesiones de 20 Gy. Siete días luego de la segunda sesión comienza con hemorragia digestiva severa, comprometiendo la vida del paciente. En un episodio de sangrado, a través del catéter biliar se objetiva un pseudoaneurisma de la arteria hepética comunicando con la vía biliar. Se decide arteriografía hepática y embolización con Histoacryl. Resultados: la embolización ocluyó la rama derecha de la arteria hepática y el pseudoaneurisma, cohibiendo inmediatamente la hemorragia. El paciente regresa a Unidad de Terapia Intensiva. Diez días posteriores es dado de alta. Conclusión: la angiografía y embolización constituyen procedimientos confiables en el diagnóstico y tratamiento de esta complicación hemorrágica secundarias a braquiterapia de tumores en la vía biliar

Cementado y adhesión en ortodoncia / Cementation and bonding in orthodontics

Hemos desarrollado extensamente lo referido a los ionómeros vítreos porque pensamos que, en su forma tradicional o en las de más reciente desarrollo, es un excelente material que ha mejorado la performance clínica de los antiguos cementos utilizados para el cementado de bandas de ortodoncia

Oclusión tubaria no quirurgica: uso del metilcianoacrilato (MCA) y el dispositivo FEMCEPT / Non surgical tubal occlusion: use of methylcianoacrilate and a blind delivery system (FEMCEPT)

En un estudio clínico de fase II se determinó en 26 mujeres voluntarias la efectividad y seguridad de un método para producir oclusión tubaria no quirúrgica. El procedimiento empleado consistió en la aplicación única de Metilcianoacrilato (MCA) a través del cuello uterino usando el dispositivo FEMCEPT. En todos los casos la maniobra se efectuó sin complicaciones. La efectividad del método fue evaluada por medio de Histerosalpingografía practicada 16 semanas después de la instilación del agente químico. En el 72% de los sujetos (18) se demostró la oclusión tubaria bilateral, en el 28% (7) hubo falla del método, y en el 3,3% (1) no se documentó. A tres años de seguimiento clínico no han ocurrido embarazos en los casos donde se documentó oclusión tubaria bilateral. Se demuestra que es posible ofrecer a la mujer que desea un método anticonceptivo definitivo una técnica simple, segura y efectiva que no requiere internamiento hospitalario, medicación anestésica ni la invasión de la cavidad abdominal

Aplicaciones clínicas de prótesis acrílicas en reemplazo de pared torácica / Clinical applications of acrylic prosthesis in substitution of thoracic wall

Se presentan 4 casos de resección amplia de pared torácica en los que se aplicó prótesis rígidas de acrílico como cobertura del defecto en 2 casos de malformación torácica y en 2 resecciones por procesos tumorales malignos. Se discuten las diversas técnicas publicadas hasta el momento fijando las indicaciones. El resultado obtenido alienta a seguir utilizando este procedimiento

Extrusäo de prótese de acrílico em artrodese cervical anterior / Extrusion of acrylic prosthesis in anterior cervical arthrodesis

Relato de caso de extrusäo pela boca de acrílico usado em artrodese cervical anterior no tratamento cirúrgico de fratura-esmagamento de vértebra cervical secundária a plasmocitoma

Latenciaçäo de agentes esquistossomicidas e antimalarios / Latentiation of schistosomicidal and antimalarial agents

Atraves do uso da latenciacao, foram preparados pro-farmacos de agentes antimalaricos (dapsona, trimetoprina, cicloguanila, pirimetamina, sulfamonometoxina, sulfadiazina, sulfamerazina e sulfatiazol) e agentes esquistossomicidas (oxamniquina anfotalida e pararrosanilina). Os produtos foram obtidos mediante reacao dos agentes ativos com o acido metacrilico, resultando os monomeros, e com o acido metacrilico, resultando os monomeros, e com o acido polimetacrilico, originando os polimeros. Submetidos a ensaios biológicos, a maioria mostrou atividade