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1.
Bol. latinoam. Caribe plantas med. aromát ; 17(1): 61-67, ene. 2018. tab
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: biblio-915128

RESUMO

Phthalate derivatives cause a number of risks to human health and the environment. Essential oil and volatile fractions of some vegetables and herbal products were extracted by hydrodistillation and percolation methods to analyze using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC-MS) for evaluation of phthalate contaminations. The results revealed that four vegetables and all aromatic waters were contaminated by phthalate derivatives including di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP), diisobutyl phthalate and di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) (0.1-7.95%). Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), a widely used synthetic antioxidant, was also found in the most of the aromatic waters in the range of 3.15-61.3%. In addition, three vegetable samples contained diazinon (0.36-4.61%), an organophosphorus insecticide. Plants and herbal preparations may be contaminated by the absorption of phthalates from contaminated water or soil or by the migration of phthalates from inexpensive recycled plastic. Regarding the widespread use and associated health risks of phthalates, effective quality and safety regulations for herbal products should be implemented with respect to their phthalate content.


Los derivados de ftalato causan una serie de riesgos para la salud humana y el medio ambiente. El aceite esencial y las fracciones volátiles de algunos vegetales y productos a base de hierbas fueron extraídos mediante hidrodestilación y métodos de percolación y luego fueron analizados mediante cromatografía de gases y espectrometría de masas (GC-MS) con el propósito de identificar contaminación con ftalatos. Los resultados revelaron que cuatro productos herbales y todas las aguas aromáticas analizadas estaban contaminadas con derivados de ftalato, incluyendo el ftalato de dibutulo (DBP), ftalato de diisobutilo y ftalato de bis(2-etilhexilo) (DEHP) (0.1-7.95%). El butilhidroxitolueno (BHT), un antioxidante sintético ampliamente utilizado, también se encontró en aguas aromáticas en el rango de 3.15- 61.3%. Además, tres muestras vegetales contenían diazinón (0.36-4.61%), un insecticida organofosforado. Las plantas y las preparaciones herbales pueden ser contaminadas a partir de absorción de ftalatos del agua o el suelo contaminados o por la migración de ftalatos desde plástico reciclado de bajo costo. Con respecto al uso generalizado y los riesgos asociados a la salud de los ftalatos, deben implementarse normas efectivas de calidad y seguridad para los productos a base de hierbas con respecto a su contenido de ftalato.


Assuntos
Ácidos Ftálicos/análise , Poluentes Químicos da Água/análise , Óleos Voláteis/química , Preparações de Plantas/química , Cromatografia Gasosa-Espectrometria de Massas
2.
Braz. j. microbiol ; 48(4): 607-609, Oct.-Dec. 2017. tab
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: biblio-889170

RESUMO

ABSTRACT Mycobacterium sp. YC-RL4 is capable of utilizing a broad range of phthalic acid esters (PAEs) as sole source of carbon and energy for growth. The preliminary studies demonstrated its high degrading efficiency and good performance during the bioprocess with environmental samples. Here, we present the complete genome of Mycobacterium sp. YC-RL4, which consists of one circular chromosome (5,801,417 bp) and one plasmid (252,568 bp). The genomic analysis and gene annotation were performed and many potential genes responsible for the biodegradation of PAEs were identified from the genome. These results may advance the investigation of bioremediation of PAEs-contaminated environments by strain YC-RL4.


Assuntos
Ácidos Ftálicos/metabolismo , Plastificantes/metabolismo , Genoma Bacteriano , Ésteres/metabolismo , Mycobacterium/metabolismo , Plasmídeos/genética , Plasmídeos/metabolismo , Microbiologia do Solo , Poluentes do Solo/metabolismo , Biodegradação Ambiental , Mycobacterium/isolamento & purificação , Mycobacterium/classificação , Mycobacterium/genética
3.
Electron. j. biotechnol ; 18(3): 244-251, May 2015. graf, tab
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: lil-750654

RESUMO

Background Integrated statistical experimental designs were applied to optimize the medium constituents for the production of a dimethyl phthalate (DMP)-degrading strain Bacillus sp. QD14 in shake-flask cultures. A Plackett-Burman design (PBD) was applied to screen for significant factors, followed by the Steepest Ascent Method (SAM) to find the nearest region of maximum response. A Box-Behnken design (BBD) of the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was conducted to optimize the final levels of the medium components. Results After the regression equation and response surface contour plots were analyzed, the concentrations of glucose, corn meal and NaCl were found to significantly influence the biomass of DMP-degrading bacteria. A combination of 22.88 g/L of glucose, 11.74 g/L of corn meal, and 10.34 g/L of NaCl was optimum for maximum biomass production of Bacillus sp. QD14. A 57.11% enhancement of the biomass production was gained after optimization in shake-flask cultivation. The biomass production of Bacillus sp. QD14 reached 9.13 ± 0.29 × 10(8) CFU/mL, which was an excellent match for the predicted value, and the mean value of the match degree was as high as 99.30%. Conclusion In this work, the key factors affected by the fermentation of DMP-degrading strain Bacillus sp. QD14 were optimized by PBD, SAM and BBD (RSM); the yield was increased by 57,11% in the conditions in our study. We propose that the conditions optimized in the study can be applied to the fermentation for commercialization production.


Assuntos
Ácidos Ftálicos/metabolismo , Bacillus/metabolismo , Biodegradação Ambiental , Fermentação
4.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 48(3): 198-206, 03/2015. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: lil-741249

RESUMO

There has been concern regarding the use of controversial paradigms for repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) to manage treatment-resistant depression (TRD). This meta-analysis assessed the efficacy of bilateral rTMS compared with unilateral and sham rTMS in patients with TRD. PubMed, Embase, CENTRAL, PsycINFO, Web of Science, EAGLE and NTIS databases were searched to identify relevant studies, and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on bilateral rTMS for TRD patients were included. The response was defined as the primary outcome, and remission was the secondary outcome. Ten RCTs that included 634 patients met the eligibility criteria. The risk ratio (RRs) of both the primary and secondary outcomes of bilateral rTMS showed non-significant increases compared to unilateral rTMS (RR=1.01, P=0.93; odds ratio [OR]=0.77, P=0.22). Notably, the RR of the primary bilateral rTMS outcome was significantly increased compared to that for sham rTMS (RR=3.43, P=0.0004). The results of our analysis demonstrated that bilateral rTMS was significantly more effective than sham rTMS but not unilateral rTMS in patients with TRD. Thus, bilateral rTMS may not be a useful paradigm for patients with TRD.


Assuntos
Adolescente , Adulto , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Exposição Ambiental , Ácidos Ftálicos/urina , Biomarcadores/urina , Canadá , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Testes de Função Respiratória , Inquéritos e Questionários
5.
Rio de Janeiro; s.n; 2014. xv,62 p. tab, graf.
Tese em Português | LILACS | ID: lil-746331

RESUMO

Introducción: Los ftalatos o ésteres del ácido ftálico son contaminantes ubicuos existentes en alimentos, aire, suelo, sedimentos, productos de belleza, materiales de construcción y dispositivos médicos. La utilización de estos productos pueden poner en riesgo a la población, por ejemplo: catéter venoso central y bolsas desangre usados en los procedimientos médicos encontrándo se en los enfermos expuestos a estos dispositivos médicos. Métodos: Revisión sistemática de estudios escritos sin restricción de fecha y de idioma, publicados en la literatura utilizando MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, Lilacs y Web of Knowledge con las palabras claves: ftalato, plastificante, efectos adversos, efectos nocivos, efectos colaterales o efectos indeseables. De los artículos identificados se examinó la relación de los ftalatos con la salud reproductiva yendocrinológica. Se analizaron once artículos. Resultados: De los once artículos seleccionados, en cuatro se investigó la relacióncon la salud endocrinológica y en siete, con la salud reproductiva. De la mismamanera, en diez estudios se ha encontrado correlación negativas entre la salud reproductiva y endocrinológica con algún tipo de ftalato o su metabolito. Conclusiones: Las conclusiones de esta investigación, sugieren un nivel de exposición en los diferentes ambientes; los ftalatos pueden tener efectos en la salud reproductiva y endocrinológica...


Introduction: Phthalates or esters of phthalic acid are ubiquitous pollutants presentin food, air, soil, sediments, beauty products and construction materials and medical devices. The use of these products can put the population at risk, for example: central venous catheter and blood bags used in medical procedures found in the patients exposed to these medical devices. Methods: We performed a systematic review of studies without any date orlanguage restriction, published in the literature using MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, Lilacs and Web of Knowledge with the key words phthalate, plasticizer, adverse effects, side effects or undesirable effects. We considered the relationship with reproductive, endocrine and skin health. Eleven articles were analyzed. Results: Of the eleven selected articles, in four investigated the relationship with the health and endocrine or skin involvement in seven with reproductive health. In like manner, in ten studies have found correlate negative between reproductive healt hand endocrine or skin involvement with the use of some type of phthalate or its metabolite. Conclusions: The findings of this investigation suggest a level of exposure occurring at different environments; and the use of phthalates may have effects onthe reproductive, endocrine and skin health...


Assuntos
Humanos , Ácidos Ftálicos/toxicidade , Exposição Ambiental , Saúde Reprodutiva , Sistema Endócrino/metabolismo
6.
Braz. dent. j ; 24(3): 247-252, May-Jun/2013. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: lil-681872

RESUMO

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of sealer application and thermal cycling on the bond strength between tissue conditioners and acrylic resin, and to observe the type of bond failure. Two hundred eighty-eight specimens (10x16x3 mm) were made of an acrylic resin (Lucitone 500, Dentsply) using a metal muffle. Specimens were divided into four groups according to the tissue conditioner (Coe-Comfort, GC or Dentusoft, Densell) used and whether or not a sealer (Eversoft Soft Liner Sealer, Myerson) was applied. Each of the four groups was subdivided into other six subgroups (n=12) to undergo thermocycling for 45, 90, 135, 180 or 210 cycles with a dwell time of 60 s, or to be left non thermocycled (control). Tensile bond strength was measured in a universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 5 mm/min. Sealant application had no effect on the tensile bond strength of the relined acrylic resin, regardless of the tissue conditioner used (Coe-Comfort: p=0.306 and Dentusoft: p=0.1501). The number of thermal cycles had a significant effect on the tensile bond strength of the relined acrylic resin (Coe-Comfort: p=0.002 and Dentusoft: p<0.001). Both tissue conditioners presented similar bond strength to acrylic resin. For both tissue conditioners, sealer coatings had no influence on bond strength, while different numbers of thermal cycles affected that mechanical property.


Os objetivos deste estudo foram avaliar o efeito da aplicação de selante e a ciclagem térmica na resistência de união entre condicionadores de tecido e resina acrílica e observar o padrão de fratura. Duzentos e oitenta e oito espécimes (10×16×3 mm) de resina acrílica (Lucitone 500, Dentsply) foram confeccionados utilizando-se uma mufla metálica. Os espécimens foram divididos em quatro grupos de acordo com o condicionador de tecido (Coe-Comfort, GC ou Dentusoft, Densell) e com o uso ou não de selante (Eversoft Soft Liner Sealer, Myerson). Cada um dos quatro grupos foi subdividido em seis grupos para a realização de 45, 90, 135, 180 ou 210 ciclos térmicos, ou ausência de termociclagem (controle). Resistência de união por tração foi mensurada em uma máquina universal de ensaios com velocidade de 5 mm/min. A aplicação de selante não afetou a resistência de união por tração da resina acrílica reembasada, independentemente do condicionador de tecido utilizado (Coe-Comfort: p=0,306 e Dentusoft: p=0,1501). O número de ciclos térmicos apresentou efeito significativo na resistência de união por tração da resina acrílica reembasada (Coe-Comfort: p=0,002 e Dentusoft: p<0,001). Ambos os condicionadores de tecidos apresentaram resistência de união semelhante à resina acrílica. Para ambos os condicionadores de tecidos, a aplicação de selante não apresentou influência na resistência de união, enquanto que diferentes números de ciclos térmicos afetaram essa propriedade mecânica.


Assuntos
Humanos , Resinas Acrílicas/química , Colagem Dentária , Reembasadores de Dentadura , Materiais Dentários/química , Condicionamento de Tecido Mole Oral/instrumentação , Bases de Dentadura , Análise do Estresse Dentário/instrumentação , Teste de Materiais , Ácidos Ftálicos/química , Estresse Mecânico , Propriedades de Superfície , Temperatura , Resistência à Tração , Fatores de Tempo
7.
Rev. invest. clín ; 59(1): 73-81, ene.-feb. 2007. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-632393

RESUMO

Different perturbations during fetal and post natal development unleash endocrine adaptations that permanently alter metabolism, increasing the susceptibility to develop later disease, process known as "developmental programming"'. Endocrine disruptor compounds (EDC) are widely spread on the environment and display estrogenic, anti-estrogenic or anti-androgenic activity; they are lypophilyc and stored for long periods on the adipose tissue. Maternal exposure to EDC during pregnancy and lactation produces the exposure of the fetus and neonate through placenta and breast milk. Epidemiological and experimental studies have demonstrated reproductive alterations as a consequence of intrauterine and/or neonatal exposure to EDC. Diethystilbestrol (DES) is the best documented compound, this synthetic estrogen was administered to pregnant women at the BO and 60 to prevent miscarriage. It was implicated in urogenital abnormalities in children exposed in utero and withdrawn from the market. The "DES daughters" are women with high incidence of vaginal hypoplasia, spontaneous abortion, premature delivery, uterine malformation, menstrual abnormalities and low fertility. The "DES sons" show testicular dysgenesis syndrome, which is characterized by hypospadias, cryptorchidism and low semen quality. This entity is also associated to the fetal exposure to anti-androgens as flutamide. The effects on the reproductive axis depend on the stage of development and the window of exposure, as well as the dose and the compound. The wide distribution of EDC into the environment affects both human health and ecosystems in general, the study of their mechanisms of action is extremely important currently.


Diversas perturbaciones durante el desarrollo fetal y posnatal desencadenan adaptaciones endocrinas que modifican permanentemente el metabolismo, incrementando la susceptibilidad para el desarrollo de enfermedades, proceso conocido como "programación durante el desarrollo". Los compuestos disruptores endocrinos (CDE) se encuentran en el medio ambiente y presentan actividad estrogénica, antiestrogénica o antiandrogénica; son altamente lipofílicos y se almacenan por periodos prolongados en el tejido adiposo. La exposición materna a CDE durante el embarazo y la lactancia permite su paso al producto a través de la placenta y la leche materna. Estudios epidemiológicos y experimentales han demostrado alteraciones en el eje reproductivo como consecuencia de la exposición intrauterina y/o neonatal a CDE. El compuesto mejor documentado es el dietilestilbestrol (DES), este estrógeno sintético fue administrado a mujeres embarazadas durante los 50s y 60s y retirado del mercado por su implicación en anormalidades urogenitales de los bebés expuestos in útero. Las denominadas "hijas del DES" son mujeres con alta incidencia de hipoplasia vaginal, malformaciones uterinas, irregularidades menstruales, baja fertilidad y alta prevalencia de aborto espontáneo y parto prematuro. Por su parte, "los hijos del DES" presentan una entidad clínica conocida como síndrome de disgenesia testicular caracterizado por hipospadias, criptorquidia y baja calidad del semen. Este síndrome también se asocia a la exposición fetal a compuestos antiandrogénicos como la ñutamida. Los efectos en el eje reproductivo dependen del estadio de desarrollo y del tiempo de exposición, así como de la dosis y el compuesto del que se trate. La extensa presencia de CDE en el ambiente afecta la salud humana e impacta al ecosistema en general por lo cual es de suma importancia el estudio de los mecanismos involucrados en su acción.


Assuntos
Adulto , Animais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Gravidez , Ratos , Anormalidades Induzidas por Medicamentos/etiologia , Disruptores Endócrinos/efeitos adversos , Genitália/efeitos dos fármacos , Efeitos Tardios da Exposição Pré-Natal , Anormalidades Induzidas por Medicamentos/epidemiologia , Antagonistas de Androgênios/efeitos adversos , Antagonistas de Androgênios/farmacologia , Mama/embriologia , Dietilestilbestrol/efeitos adversos , Dietilestilbestrol/farmacologia , Dietilestilbestrol/uso terapêutico , Dioxinas/efeitos adversos , Desenvolvimento Embrionário/efeitos dos fármacos , Disruptores Endócrinos/farmacologia , Antagonistas de Estrogênios/efeitos adversos , Antagonistas de Estrogênios/farmacologia , Estrogênios/agonistas , Feminização/induzido quimicamente , Feminização/embriologia , Genitália/anormalidades , Genitália/embriologia , Hipotálamo/anormalidades , Hipotálamo/efeitos dos fármacos , Hipotálamo/embriologia , Glândulas Mamárias Animais/embriologia , Leite Humano/química , Ácidos Ftálicos/efeitos adversos , Fitoestrógenos/efeitos adversos , Fitoestrógenos/farmacologia , Fitoestrógenos/uso terapêutico , Virilismo/induzido quimicamente , Virilismo/embriologia
8.
Salud pública Méx ; 46(6): 501-508, nov.-dic. 2004. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-512505

RESUMO

OBJETIVO: Determinar la prevalencia en el uso de productos infantiles orales entre menores de tres años de edad y medir su concentración de ftalatos, sustancias potencialmente tóxicas. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se realizó, en 1999, una entrevista domiciliaria a 199 madres de niños del área metropolitana de la ciudad de Toluca. Por cromatografía de gases se identificaron y cuantificaron diversos ftalatos de productos de uso oral empleados por los niños participantes y se estimó la contribución de estas fuentes a la ingesta diaria de ftalatos. RESULTADOS: La prevalencia de uso de estos productos fue de 13 por ciento, siendo mayor entre los niños, menores de 18 meses de edad, pertenecientes al estrato socioeconómico bajo. Las concentraciones variaron desde trazas hasta 67.0 por ciento del peso. La exposición media calculada proveniente de los productos manufacturados con policloruro de vinilo y ftalatos fue de 13.94 µg/ kg de peso/día, IC 95 por ciento (9.08, 18.89). CONCLUSIONES: La exposición a ftalatos proveniente de productos para chupar o morder se encuentra dentro de los límites reportados en otros países; sin embargo, otras fuentes pueden incrementarla. Dado que algunos ftalatos han mostrado ser tóxicos en el sistema reproductivo, y este potencial efecto es plausible en el hombre, es necesaria la investigación de otras fuentes y determinar la exposición total a través de biomarcadores.


OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of oral product use in children less than three years of age, and to measure the concentration of phthalates as potentially toxic products. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In 1999, 199 mothers of children living in the city of Toluca agreed to household interviews. Samples of oral products used by the children were taken and analyzed by gas chromatography to identify and quantify phthalate concentrations, to estimate the daily intake of phthalates from this source. RESULTS: The prevalence of oral product use was 13 percent. Male infants less than 18 months of age of low socioeconomic level used them more frequently. The concentrations ranged from traces to 67 percent weight. The mean exposure to products manufactured with polyvinyl chloride and phthalates was 13.94 µg/kg/day (95 percent CI 9.08, 18.89). CONCLUSIONS: The daily dose of phthalate intake from products for infants to suck or bite did not exceed the recommended limit established in other countries. Nevertheless, other sources can contribute to increase the total dose. Since some phthalates are harmful to the reproductive system in animals and this potential effect may also be expected in humans, it is necessary to assess other sources and determine exposure using biomarkers.


Assuntos
Adolescente , Adulto , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Produtos Domésticos/análise , Ácidos Ftálicos/análise , Plastificantes/análise , Saliva/química , Estudos Transversais , Exposição Ambiental
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