Efeitos do microagulhamento associado a radiofrequência no tratamento de flacidez abdominal em mulheres: Estudo experimental / Effects of microneedling associated radiofrequency in the treatment of abdominal sagging in women: Experimental study

A flacidez tissular abdominal é uma disfunção dermatológica que incomoda principalmente as mulheres. A radiofrequência e o microagulhamento são recursos utilizados para minimizar essa flacidez. Objetivo: Investigar os efeitos do microagulhamento associado a radiofrequência na flacidez tissular abdominal. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo experimental, controlado e randomizado, com amostra de 20 mulheres, faixa etária entre 18 e 35 anos, dispostas em dois grupos: Grupo 1 (G1) foi aplicada 1 sessão de microagulhamento, após 15 dias reavaliação utilizando a plicometria e perimetria e Grupo 2 (G2) 1 sessão de microagulhamento, após 15 dias realizaram-se 4 sessões de radiofrequência com intervalo de 1 dia entre as sessões. Resultados: O G2 apresentou diminuição de flacidez do músculo reto abdominal direito apresentando p = 0,009, flanco direito p = 0,001 e flanco esquerdo p = 0,004, assim como a redução da circunferência abdominal. A avaliação de satisfação corporal do G2 teve escore final p = 0,029. Conclusão: O microagulhamento associado a radiofrequência promoveram uma melhora clínica da flacidez tissular abdominal e flancos. (AU)

Short-term perinatal oxygen exposure may impair lung development in adult mice

BACKGROUND: Hyperoxia at resuscitation increases oxidative stress, and even brief exposure to high oxygen concentrations during stabilization may trigger organ injury with adverse long-term outcomes in premature infants. We studied the long-term effects of short-term perinatal oxygen exposure on cell cycle gene expression and lung growth in adult mice. METHODS: We randomized mice litters at birth to 21,40, or 100%O2 for 30 min and recovered in room air for 4 or 12 weeks. Cell cycle gene expression, protein analysis, and lung morphometry were assessed at 4 and 12 weeks. RESULTS: The principal component analysis demonstrated a high degree of correlation for cell cycle gene expression among the three oxygen groups. Lung elastin was significantly lower in the 100%O2 groups at 4 weeks. On lung morphometry, radial alveolar count, alveolar number, and septal count were similar. However, the mean linear intercept (MLI) and septal length significantly correlated among the oxygen groups. The MLI was markedly higher in the 100%O2 groups at 4 and 12 weeks of age, and the septal length was significantly lower in the 100%O2 groups at 12 weeks. CONCLUSION: Short-term exposure to high oxygen concentrations lead to subtle changes in lung development that may affect alveolarization. The changes are related explicitly to secondary crest formation that may result in alteration in lung elastin. Resuscitation with high oxygen concentrations may have a significant impact on lung development and long-term outcomes such as BPD in premature infants.

Elastin increases biofilm and extracellular matrix production of Aspergillus fumigatus

Abstract Aspergillus fumigatus is an opportunistic saprobe fungus that accounts for 90% of cases of pulmonary aspergillosis in immunosuppressed patients and is known for its angiotropism. When it reaches the respiratory tract, A. fumigatus interacts with structural components and blood vessels of the lungs, such as elastin. To understand the effect of this structural component, we examined the effect of elastin on the production and development of the biofilm of A. fumigatus. In RPMI containing 10 mg/mL of elastin, a significant increase (absorbance p < 0.0001; dry weight p < 0.0001) in the production of biofilm was observed in comparison to when RPMI was used alone, reaching a maximum growth of 18.8 mg (dry weight) of biofilm in 72 h. In addition, elastin stimulates the production (p = 0.0042) of extracellular matrix (ECM) and decreases (p = 0.005) the hydrophobicity during the development of the biofilm. These results suggest that elastin plays an important role in the growth of A. fumigatus and that it participates in the formation of thick biofilm.

The in vivo effect of L-arginine on skin elasticity in mice

ABSTRACT The human skin aging process is a complex mechanism that can be induced both by intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Observations include a decrease in the biosynthetic and proliferative capacity of cells, increased expression of matrix metalloproteinases, reduction in collagen type I expression, and the progressive disappearance of elastic tissue in the papillary dermis. L-arginine, the substrate of nitric oxide synthesis, is involved in angiogenesis and cell proliferation, as well as an indirect precursor of collagen synthesis via the proline pathway. The aim of this study was to examine the tensile strength, histology, and immunohistochemistry of female and male mice skin receiving different concentrations of topically applied L-arginine, in order to evaluate the possibility of using L-arginine as an active cosmetic ingredient in antiaging products. The results suggest that the application of L-arginine improves the mechanical resistance of skin from older female mice (20 weeks old) and promotes the formation of a larger amount of collagen and elastic fibers in the skin when applied at a concentration of 15%.

Histochemical and immunohistochemical differences between solitary oral fibroma and fibrous papule of the face

Abstract: Background: The morphological similarities between fibrous papules of the face and multiple sporadic oral fibromas were mentioned long ago and a relationship between them has been reported in the literature. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the participation of mast cells, elastin and collagen in a series of oral fibromas and fibrous papules of the face in order to better understand the possible role of these factors in fibrosis and the formation of these lesions. Methods: Thirty cases of oral fibroma involving the buccal mucosa and 30 cases of fibrous papules of the face were selected. Tissue samples were submitted to picrosirius red staining and immunohistochemistry using anti-elastin and anti-tryptase antibodies. Results: The percentage of tryptase-positive mast cells and expression of elastin were higher in cases of fibrous papules of the face (p < 0.05). In contrast, a higher intensity of collagen deposition was observed in oral fibromas. The results showed mast cell accumulation and higher elastin synthesis in fibrous papules of the face, and mast cell accumulation with higher collagen fiber synthesis in oral fibromas. Conclusion: These findings support the hypothesis that mast cells influence the development and growth of these lesions through different mechanisms.

Eyelid aging: pathophysiology and clinical management / Envelhecimento palpebral: fisiopatologia e considerações clínicas

ABSTRACTLife expectancy is increasing in most countries. With increasing age, many individuals may develop involutional ophthalmic diseases, such as eyelid aging. Dermatochalasis, ptosis, ectropion, and entropion are common disorders in middle-aged and older adults. This review outlines the pathophysiology and clinical management of these involutional eyelid disorders. Recently, a decrease in elastic fibers with ultrastructural abnormalities and an overexpression of elastin-degrading enzymes have been demonstrated in involutional ectropion and entropion. This may be the consequence of local ischemia, inflammation, and/or chronic mechanical stress. Eyelid aging with progressive loss of tone and laxity may affect the ocular surface and adnexal tissues, resulting in different clinical symptoms and signs. Surgical management depends on the appropriate correction of the underlying anatomical defect.

RESUMOA expectativa de vida está aumentando na maioria dos países. Com o envelhecimento, muitos indivíduos desenvolverão doenças oculares crônicas e involucionais, tais como o envelhecimento palpebral. Dermatocálase, ptose, ectrópio e entrópio são doenças frequentes em adultos e idosos. Esta revisão destaca a fisiopatologia e a clínica de doenças palpebrais involucionais. Recentemente, uma diminuição de fibras elásticas com anormalidades ultraestruturais e um aumento de enzimas degradantes de elastina foram demonstrados em ectrópio e entrópio involucionais. Isto pode ser consequência de isquemia local, inflamação e/ou estresse mecânico crônico. O envelhecimento palpebral com perda progressiva de tônus e flacidez pode afetar a superfície ocular e os anexos oculares, resultando em sinais e sintomas clínicos diferentes. O tratamento cirúrgico depende da correção apropriada do defeito anatômico subjacente.

Alteraciones cutáneas secundarias a la disminución de las fibras elásticas dérmicas / Skin disorders secondary to decreased dermal elastic fibers

Las fibras elásticas son un componente fundamental del tejido conectivo de la piel. La alteración en el equilibrio entre la síntesis y el metabolismo de las mismas da origen a patologías que se clasifican de acuerdo a si las fibras elásticas están aumentadas o disminuidas. Cuando éstas se encuentran disminuidas, determinan la aparición de un grupo heterogéneo de enfermedades infrecuentes, de etiología poco clara y con hallazgos clínicos e histopatológicos superpuestos. Presentamos una serie de seis casos con diagnóstico clínico-histopatológico de patologías por disminución de las fibras elásticas en la dermis, evaluados en el Servicio de Dermatología del Hospital Alemán de Buenos Aires, en el período comprendido entre 2009 y 2014. En las historias clínicas revisadas se detectaron dos pacientes con diagnóstico de elastorrexis papulosa, dos con diagnóstico de elastólisis de la dermis media y dos con diagnóstico de papulosis fibrosa blanca del cuello.Destacamos la importancia de describir este grupo de casos con el objetivo de aportar datos que nos permitan profundizar en el conocimiento de la historia natural y la epidemiología de estas entidades recientemente descritas y con escasos reportes previos en la literatura...

Prevalence of scoliosis in Williams-Beuren syndrome patients treated at a regional reference center

OBJECTIVE: This study assessed the prevalence of scoliosis and the patterns of scoliotic curves in patients with Williams-Beuren syndrome. Williams-Beuren syndrome is caused by a chromosome 7q11.23 deletion in a region containing 28 genes, with the gene encoding elastin situated approximately at the midpoint of the deletion. Mutation of the elastin gene leads to phenotypic changes in patients, including neurodevelopmental impairment of varying degrees, characteristic facies, cardiovascular abnormalities, hypercalcemia, urological dysfunctions, and bone and joint dysfunctions. METHODS: A total of 41 patients diagnosed with Williams-Beuren syndrome, who were followed up at the genetics ambulatory center of a large referral hospital, were included in the study. There were 25 male subjects. The patients were examined and submitted to radiographic investigation for Cobb angle calculation. RESULTS: It was observed that 14 patients had scoliosis; of these 14 patients, 10 were male. The pattern of deformity in younger patients was that of flexible and simple curves, although adults presented with double and triple curves. Statistical analysis showed no relationships between scoliosis and age or sex. CONCLUSION: This study revealed a prevalence of scoliosis in patients with Williams-Beuren syndrome of 34.1%; however, age and sex were not significantly associated with scoliosis or with the severity of the curves. .

Genes responsible for vaginal extracellular matrix metabolism are modulated by women's reproductive cycle and menopause

Objectives To analyze the expression of genes involved in extracellular matrix (ECM) biogenesis and remodeling in vaginal tissue of women with clinically normal pelvic floor support (defined as controls) according to the phase of menstrual cycle and postmenopausal women with and without pelvic organ prolapse (POP). Materials and Methods This study examined the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), their tissue inhibitors (TIMPs), and the Lysyl oxidase (LOX) family genes in the anterior vaginal wall of Caucasian women by real-time RT-PCR. Initially, mRNA expression was assessed in premenopausal controls in the secretory (group 1, n = 10) vs. proliferative (group 2, n = 8) phase of menstrual cycle. In addition, we compared premenopausal controls in the proliferative phase (group 2) vs. postmenopausal controls (group 3, n = 5). Finally, we analyzed postmenopausal controls (group 3) vs. postmenopausal women with advanced POP (group 4, n = 13). Results According to the phase of menstrual cycle, MMP1 was significantly reduced (p = 0.003), whereas the expression of TIMP1 and LOXL4 was significantly up-regulated during proliferative phase (both p < 0.01) when compared to the secretory phase in premenopausal control women. Regarding menopausal status/ageing, all MMPs were down-regulated, while TIMP3, TIMP4 and LOXL2 were significantly up-regulated in postmenopausal control women when compared to premenopausal controls (p = 0.005, p = 0.01 and p < 0.001, correspondingly). TIMP4 and LOXL2 mRNA levels were significantly decreased in postmenopausal POP patients compared to asymptomatic postmenopausal controls (p < 0.01 for both). Conclusions Our results indicate that ovarian cycle and age-related changes influence the expression of genes encoding proteins responsible for ECM metabolism in human vagina. Moreover, POP is associated with alteration in vaginal ECM components after menopause. .

Efeito da tadalafila na prevenção de alterações do corpo cavernoso após lesão vasculo-nervosa do feixe peri prostático. Estudo experimental em ratos / Effect of tadalafil in the prevention of alterations of the cavernous body after vascular nervous lesion of prostatic peribeam: experimental study in rats

O presente estudo tem como objetivo avaliar o impacto no corpo cavernoso causado pela lesão isolada do nervo e artéria cavernosa, assim como determinar o efeito da tadalafila (IPDE-5) na remodelação tecidual, utilizando um modelo experimental de ratos. 50 ratos machos, da raça Whistar, pesando entre 250 e 350 gramas, foram aleatoriamente divididos, de forma randomizada em cinco grupos. Grupo 1 (G1): controle cirúrgico - CCir (n=10), submetidos apenas a exposição do feixe vásculo nervoso peri prostático. Grupo 2 (G2): Lesão Nervosa Isolada - LNI (n=10), os animais foram submetidos a lesão seletiva do nervo cavernoso bilateralmente. Grupo 3 (G3): Lesão Vascular Isolada - LVI (n=10), os animais foram submetidos a lesão seletiva da artéria cavernosa bilateralmente. Grupo 4 (G4): Lesão Nervosa Isolada + Tadalafila - LNI+T (n=10), os animais foram submetidos a lesão do nervo cavernoso bilateralmente e receberam tadalafila na dose de 5mg/Kg/dia. Grupo 5 (G5): Lesão Vascular Isolada + Tadalafila - LVI+T (n=10), os animais foram submetidos a lesão seletiva da artéria cavernosa bilateralmente e receberam tadalafila na dose de 5mg/Kg/dia. A tadalafila foi administrada pelo período de 45 dias, quando os animais foram sacrificados e o corpo cavernoso foi removido em bloco para análise histomorfométrica. A organização e composição microestrutural do corpo cavernoso foram avaliadas por histomorfometria, imunohostoquímica e métodos bioquímicos...

This study aims to evaluate the impact on the corpus cavernosum caused by isolated injury of the cavernous nerve and artery, as well as determine the effect of tadalafil (IPDE-5) on tissue remodeling, using a rat experimental model. Fifty (50) male Whistar rats, weighing between 250 and 350 grams, were divided randomly into five groups. Group 1 (G1): surgical control - SCon (n=10) having undergone only exposure of the periprostatic neurovascular bundle. Group 2 (G2): Isolated Nerve Lesion - INL (n=10), the animals were subjected to selective cavernous nerve injury, bilaterally. Group 3 (G3): Isolated Vascular Lesion - IVL (n=10), the animals were subjected to selective cavernous artery injury, bilaterally. Group 4 (G4): Isolated Nerve Lesion + Tadalafil - INL+T (n=10), the animals were subjected to cavernous nerve injury, bilaterally, and received tadalafil in a dosage of 5mg/kg/day. Group 5 (G5): Isolated Vascular Lesion + Tadalafil - IVL+T (n=10), the animals were subjected to selective cavernous artery injury, bilaterally, and received tadalafil in a dosage of 5mg/kg/day. The tadalafil was administered for a 45 day period, then the animals were sacrificed and the corpus cavernosum was removed en bloc for histomorphometric analysis. The organization and microstructural composition of the corpus cavernosum were assessed through histomorphometry, immunohistochemistry, and biochemical methods. Statistical analysis was performed using the Bonferroni multiple comparisons test. RESULTS: Among the groups evaluated, there was no difference between the penile section areas, demonstrating their consistency. The volume of smooth muscle decreased significantly in the group with nerve injury (G2) when compared with the control (12.87±1.90 vs 21.78±1.81 p<0.05), which did not occur in the group with nerve injury treated with tadalafil (G4)...

Elastin accumulation in actinic cheilitis with different degrees of epithelial dysplasia / Acumulación de elastina en queilitis actínica con diferentes grados de displasia epitelial

The extracellular matrix (ECM) plays an important role in the regulation of biological events such as the development of cell migration, proliferation and differentiation. Chronic sun exposure causes changes present in the ECM of actinic cheilitis (AC), a premalignant lesion of the lower lip which helps to understand the carcinogenesis of the lip. This study aimed to investigate elastin, the main component of solar elastosis alternating current in an attempt to establish the relationship between this protein and ECM in epithelial dysplasia. Paraffin embedded tissue sections of the lesions of 35 cases of AC were analyzed by immunohistochemistry for elastin, and became the association with the degree of epithelial dysplasia and age. Highest scores of elastin (+3) was predominant in 45.7 percent of cases of AC, especially in cases of severe dysplasia (n = 3). When comparing the scores of elastin between the different grades of epithelial dysplasia showed no significant difference (P> 0.05, Kruskal-Wallis). This study was not able to demonstrate the influence of elastin on the severity of epithelial dysplasia in AC. Additional studies on other ECM proteins must be conducted in an attempt to better understand the mechanism of malignant progression of the AC.

La matriz extracelular (MEC) juega un papel importante en la regulación de los eventos biológicos, tales como, el desarrollo de la migración celular, proliferación y diferenciación. La exposición solar crónica provoca cambios presentes en la MRC de la queilitis actínica (QA), una lesión premaligna del labio inferior que contribuye a entender la carcinogénesis del labio. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo investigar la elastina, el componente principal de la elastosis solar en corriente alterna en un intento de establecer la relación entre esta proteína y la MEC en displasia epitelial. Se incluyeron en parafina cortes de tejido de las lesiones de 35 casos de QC fueron analizadas mediante técnicas de inmunohistoquímica para elastina, y se hizo la asociación con los grados de displasia epitelial y la edad. La más alta puntuación de la elastina (+3) fue predominante en el 45,7 por ciento de los casos de QA, especialmente en los casos de displasia severa (n = 3). Al comparar las puntuaciones de elastina entre los diferentes grados de displasia epitelial, no mostró diferencia significativa (P> 0,05, Kruskall-Wallis). Este estudio no fue capaz de demostrar la influencia de la elastina sobre gravedad de la displasia epitelial en QA. Estudios adicionales sobre otras proteínas de la MEC deben llevarse a cabo en un intento por comprender mejor el mecanismo de progresión maligna de la QC.

Detecção da microdeleção 7q11.23 por MLPA® e estudo clínico dos pacientes com síndrome de Williams-Beuren / Detection of the microdeletion 7q11.23 by MLPA® and clinical study of patients with Williams-Beuren syndrome

INTRODUÇÃO: A síndrome de Williams-Beuren (SWB) é uma doença genética causada por uma microdeleção na região 7q11.23 e caracterizada por dismorfismos faciais típicos, deficiência intelectual, comportamento hipersociável, cardiopatia congênita, principalmente a estenose aórtica supravalvar (EASV), e outras malformações variáveis. MÉTODOS: Foram avaliados 65 pacientes (40 do sexo masculino, 25 do sexo feminino), com idades entre 2 e 59 anos (mediana = 14 anos), com características clínicas sugestivas de SWB. Todos os pacientes eram filhos de pais normais. A técnica de Multiplex Ligation-dependent Probe Amplification® (MLPA®) foi usada com kit específico com sondas da região da SWB (MRC Holland). As sondas foram hibridadas ao DNA e os fragmentos ligados foram amplificados por PCR e analisados com software específico. RESULTADOS: A deleção de todas as sondas da região 7q11.23 testadas foi detectada por MLPA® em 55/65 pacientes. Um caso de deleção atípica, ou seja, menor que 1,5 Mb, foi observada em um paciente com quadro clínico parcial da síndrome. Os nove pacientes sem deleção tinham um diagnóstico clínico duvidoso da SWB. Dois pacientes tiveram MLPA® positivo para SWB embora apresentassem resultados de FISH negativos...

INTRODUCTION: Williams-Beuren syndrome (WBS) is a genetic disorder caused by a microdeletion in 7q11.23 region. It is characterized by typical facial dysmorphisms, mental retardation, hipersociable behavior, congenital heart disease, mainly supravalvular aortic stenosis (SVAS), and other variable congenital malformations. METHODS: 65 patients (40 males, 25 females), aged 2-59 years old (median = 14 years old), with clinical characteristics suggesting WBS, were evaluated. All patients had normal parents. Multiplex Ligation-dependent Probe Amplification® (MLPA®) was performed with a kit with probes in WBS region (MRC Holland). The probes were hybridized to the DNA and the ligated fragments were amplified by PCR and analyzed with specific software. RESULTS: The deletion for all tested probes in the 7q11.23 region was detected by MLPA® in 55/65 patients. One case of atypical deletion, smaller than 1.5 Mb, was observed in one patient with partial clinical picture of the syndrome. The nine patients without the deletion did not have a definitive clinical diagnosis of WBS. Two patients had positive MLPA® results even though they had negative FISH for WBS...

Characterization of human adipose-derived stem cells and expression of chondrogenic genes during induction of cartilage differentiation

OBJECTIVES: Understanding the changes in chondrogenic gene expression that are involved in the differentiation of human adipose-derived stem cells to chondrogenic cells is important prior to using this approach for cartilage repair. The aims of the study were to characterize human adipose-derived stem cells and to examine chondrogenic gene expression after one, two, and three weeks of induction. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Human adipose-derived stem cells at passage 4 were evaluated by flow cytometry to examine the expression of surface markers. These adipose-derived stem cells were tested for adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation capacity. Ribonucleic acid was extracted from the cells for quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis to determine the expression levels of chondrogenic genes after chondrogenic induction. RESULTS: Human adipose-derived stem cells were strongly positive for the mesenchymal markers CD90, CD73, CD44, CD9, and histocompatibility antigen and successfully differentiated into adipogenic and osteogenic lineages. The human adipose-derived stem cells aggregated and formed a dense matrix after chondrogenic induction. The expression of chondrogenic genes (collagen type II, aggrecan core protein, collagen type XI, COMP, and ELASTIN) was significantly higher after the first week of induction. However, a significantly elevated expression of collagen type X was observed after three weeks of chondrogenic induction. CONCLUSION: Human adipose-derived stem cells retain stem cell characteristics after expansion in culture to passage 4 and serve as a feasible source of cells for cartilage regeneration. Chondrogenesis in human adiposederived stem cells was most prominent after one week of chondrogenic induction.

The microfibril-elastin fiber system distribution in left atrioventricular valve of the rat / Distribución del sistema de microfibrillas y fibras de elastina en la valva atrioventricular izquierda de la rata

The microfibril-elastin fiber system, an important constituent of the extracellular matrix, was studied in the rat left atrioventricular valve to investigate the interrelationship of oxytalan, elaunin and elastic fibers in left atrioventricular valve morphology. The elastin fibers forms continuous bundles observed along the length of the valve in atrial and ventricular layers and oriented parallel to endothelium. The elaunin and oxytalan fibers are distributed in the thickest fiber bundles along the length of the valve. The thinner fibers which radiated towards both the atrial and spongiosa layers, either as isolated or arborescent fiber bundles were identified as oxytalan fibers. With transmission electron microscopy elastic fibers were seen mainly in the atrial layer. The spongiosa layer was composed of elaunin and oxytalan fibers and ventricular layer showed elaunin fibers arranged in continuous bundles parallel to the endothelium. Both fibrillin and elastin were seen and identified by immunocytochemistry with colloidal gold in the left atrioventricular valve spongiosa and atrial layers. These observations allow us to suggest that the microfibril-elastin fiber system plays a role in the mechanical protection and maintenance of the integrity of the rat left atrioventricular valve.

Fue estudiado el sistema de fibras microfibrillas-elastina, un componente importante de la matriz extracelular, en la valva atrioventricular izquierda de rata, con la finalidad de investigar la interrelación de oxitalán, elaunin y fibras elásticas en la morfología de dicha valva. Las fibras de elastina forman paquetes continuos a lo largo de la valva en las capas atriales y ventriculares, orientadas paralelamente al endotelio. Las fibras de elaunin y oxitalán se distribuyen en haces de fibras más gruesas a lo largo de la valva. Las fibras más delgadas, las cuales se irradiaban hacia las capas atrial y esponjosa, ya sea como haces de fibras aisladas o arborescentes, fueron identificadas como fibras oxitalán. En la capa atrial a través de microscopía electrónica de transmisión se observaron principalmente fibras elásticas. La capa esponjosa estaba compuesta por fibras de elaunin y oxitalán; la capa ventricular mostró fibras de elaunin dispuestas en haces continuos paralelos al endotelio. Tanto fibrilina y elastina se observaron e identificaron por inmunocitoquímica con oro coloidal en las capas esponjosa y atrial de la valva atrioventricular izquierda. Estas observaciones nos permiten sugerir que el sistema de fibras de elastina-microfibrillas tienen participación en la protección mecánica y la mantención de la integridad de la valva atrioventricular izquierda en la rata.

Nova abordagem no tratamento de lesões complexas: uso de matriz de regeneração dérmica / New approach to the treatment of complex injuries: the use of dermal regeneration matrix

Introdução: A aplicação de um substituto cutâneo adequado desempenha um papel importante na restauração dos aspectos funcionais e estéticos da pele. O padrão ouro para a cobertura de defeitos de espessura total são os enxertos autólogos. No entanto, a qualidade do tecido reconstruído e a contratura cicatricial são problemas bem conhecidos. O uso de substitutos dérmicos constitui uma abordagem alternativa na resolução desses problemas. Objetivo: O objetivo deste trabalho é avaliar o uso de MATRIDERM® em dois casos distintos conduzidos pela equipe de cirurgia plástica do Hospital de Força Aérea do Galeão (HFAG), Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Relato dos Casos: São relatados os casos de dois pacientes, o primeiro eles apresentava sequela de queimadura em membro superior e o segundo uma ferida complexa pós trauma em terço distal de membro inferior, com exposição óssea e tendínea.

Introduction: The use of an adequate skin substitute plays an importantrole in restoring the esthetical and functional aspects of the skin. Autologous skin grafts are the gold standard for coverage of total thickness defects. However, quality of the newly built tissue and scar contracture are well known problems. The use of dermal substitutes represents an alternative in solving these problems. Objective: Thegoal of this study is to evaluate the use of MATRIDERM® in two distinct cases conducted by the plastic surgery team of Hospital de Força Aérea do Galeão (HFAG), in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Cases Report: The first case was a burn sequel of the upper limb, and the second one was a complex post trauma injury of the distal third of the lower limb with boneand tendinous exposure.

Estudo estrutural do pênis de fetos humanos normais e anencéfalos no segundo trimestre de gestação / Structural study of the penis of normal and anencephalic human fetuses in the second trimester of pregnancy

A anecencefalia é o Defeito do Tubo Neural (DTN) mais severo em fetos humanos. Há uma demanda crescente para reposição tissular em doenças crônicas e cirurgias reconstrutoras. Tecidos fetais têm sido utilizados como substitutos para órgãos sólidos. Comparar a estrutura e morfologia do corpo cavernoso e corpo esponjoso de pênis de fetos humanos anencéfalos e de controle a fim de propor um novo modelo para estudos biológicos e transplantes teciduais. Foram estudados 11 pênis de fetos de controle de 14 a 23 Semanas Pós Concepção (SPC), e cinco pênis de fetos anencéfalos de 18 a 22 SPC. Os órgãos foram removidos e processados pelas técnicas histo e imunohistoquímicas rotineiras. A análise do tecido conjuntivo, células musculares lisas e fibras elásticas foram realizadas em lâminas dos espécimes. Os dados foram expressos em Densidade de àrea (Da) utilizando-se um software de processamento digital. As médias foram comparadas utilizando-se o Teste - T não pareado e quando aplicável, a regressão linear simples foi utilizada. Foi considerada significância estatística se p<0,05. O septo intercavernoso encontrava-se presente em todas as amostras. Não foram observadas diferenças da Da do tecido colágeno e musculatura lisa dos pênis de fetos anencéfalos quando comparados aos normais. A regressão linear simples sugere que durante o desenvolvimento humano há um aumen2to gradual do tecido colágeno (R2=0,45) e uma diminuição da musculatura lisa (R =0,62) no corpo cavernoso de ambos os grupos. A elastina encontrava-se presente apenas em fetos a partir da 20ª SPC. Não houve diferença na estrutura da genitália entre fetos normais e enencéfalos. Apresença da elastina em fetos a partir da 20ª SPC é um dado objetivo da manutenção da capacidade de ereção nestes grupos. A histo e imunohistoquímica sugerem que o desenvolvimento do pênis destes fetos encontra-se inalterado. Futuros estudos deverão ser realizados com o objetivo de avaliar fetos anencéfalos como um potencial ...

Anencephaly is the most severe neural tube defect (NTD) in human fetuses. There is an increasing need for tissue replacement in chronic diseases and reconstructive surgeries. Fetal tissues have been used as a substitute for native organs. Compare the structure and morphology of the corpora cavernosa and spongiosum of penises from anencephalic and normal human fetuses to propose a new model for biological studies and tissue transplantation. We studied 11 penises from normal human fetuses, aged 14 to 23 weeks post-conception (WPC), and 5 penises from anencephalic fetuses, aged 18 to 22 WPC. The organs were removed and processed by routine histological and immunolabeling techniques. Analysis of connective tissue (Cot), smooth muscle (SMC) and elastic fibers (EF) were performed in sections. Data were expressed as area density (Ad) using digital processing and software. Means were statistically compared using the unpaired t test and linear regression was performed. Statistical significance was considered if p < 0.05. The Intracavernosal septum was present in all samples. We did not observe differences in the Ad of Cot and SMC in the penises of anencephalic fetuses when compared to normal ones. The simple linear regression suggested that during human development there is a gradual increase in Cot (R2= +0.45) and a decrease of SMC (R2=- 0.62) in the corpora cavernosa in both groups studied. Elastin was observed only in fetuses from 20th WPC. There was no difference in the structure of the corpora cavernosa and corpus spongiosum of anencephalic fetuses compared to normal ones. Elastin was documented from 20th WPC, which suggests the maintenance of erectile function. Histochemistry and immunolabeling suggested that penile shaft development is maintained and unaltered in anencephalic fetuses. Further studies should be performed to analyze anencephalic fetuses as a potential tissue donating group and a model for biological studies

Effects of plastic stenting in commom bile duct of rats: a quantitative reaction analysis using collagen and elastin morphometry / Efeitos de prótese plástica em hepatocolédoco de ratos: uma análise quantitativa utilizando morfometria do colágeno e elastina

Purpose: To evaluate the effects of biliary stenting in rats through analysis of collagen and elastin deposition in the bile ducts. Methods: Twenty male rats underwent midline laparotomy, duodenotomy and transampullary stenting of the common bile duct with a 22Fr plastic stent. Animals were randomized in 4 groups, with 5 components in each: (I) control, (II) biliary stenting for 7 days, (III) biliary stenting for 14 days, and (IV) biliary stenting for 30 days. Sections of the common bile duct were stained using Hematoxylin Eosin; Sirius Red to quantitate the amount of collagen present; and Weigert's Resorcin-fuchsin to quantitate the amount of elastin present. Results: The percentage of area stained for collagen was 13.4; 21.5; 29.5 and 32.8, for groups I to IV, respectively. The percentage of area stained for elastin fibers was 7.0; 5.2; 4.0 and 2.9, for groups I to IV, respectively. Collagen/Elastin ratio was 2.4; 5.1; 11.0 and 14.4 for groups I to IV, respectively. Conclusions: The biliary stenting leads to collagen and elastin deposition in the bile ducts; and collagen deposition and collagen/elastin ratio are proportional to the period of stenting.

Objetivo: Avaliar os efeitos da colocação de prótese biliar em ratos, analisando a deposição de colágeno e elastina no hepatocolédoco. Métodos: Vinte ratos machos foram submetidos à laparotomia mediana, duodenotomia e colocação transpapilar de uma prótese plástica 22Fr no hepatocolédoco. Os animais foram randomizados em 4 grupos, com cinco componentes cada: (I) controle, (II) prótese biliar por 7 dias, (III) prótese biliar durante 14 dias e (IV) prótese biliar por 30 dias. Cortes do hepatocolédoco foram corados com Hematoxilina Eosina; Sirius Red para quantificar o colágeno; e Resorcina-fucsina de Weigert para quantificar a elastina. Resultados: A porcentagem de área corada para colágeno foi de 13,4; 21,5; 29,5 e 32,8 para os grupos I a IV, respectivamente. A porcentagem de área corada para fibras de elastina foi de 7,0; 5,2; 4,0 e 2,9, para os grupos I a IV, respectivamente. A razão colágeno / elastina foi de 2,4, 5,1, 11,0 e 14,4 para os grupos I a IV, respectivamente. Conclusões: O implante da prótese biliar leva à deposição de colágeno e elastina nos ductos biliares; e a deposição de colágeno e a relação colágeno / elastina são proporcionais ao tempo de permanência da prótese.