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1.
Braz. J. Pharm. Sci. (Online) ; 58: e20735, 2022. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: biblio-1420479

RESUMO

Abstract Herein the chemical constituents and the anti-pain properties of the essential oil from the stem bark of Casuarina equisetifolia L. (Casuarinaceae) grown in Nigeria were evaluated. The essential oil was obtained by hydrodistillation method in an all glass Clevenger-type apparatus, and characterized by gas chromatography (GC-FID) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The hot plate method was used to determine the anti-nociceptive property whereas the anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated by carrageenan-induced and formalin experimental models. The pale-yellow essential oil was obtained in yield of 0.21% (v/w), calculated on a dry weight basis. The main constituents of the essential oil were methyl salicylate (30.4%), a-zingiberene (15.5%), (E)-anethole (9.5%), b-bisabolene (8.6%), b- sesquiphellandrene (6.9%), and ar-curcumene (6.2%). In the anti-nociceptive study, the rate of inhibition increases as the doses of essential oil increases with optimum activity at the 30th and 60th min for all tested doses. The essential oil displayed anti-nociceptive activity independently of reaction time at the highest tested dose (200 mg/kg). The essential oil of C. equisetifolia moderately reduced pain responses in early and late phases of the formalin test. The oil inhibited the paw licking in the neurogenic phase (60-63%) compared to the late phase of the formalin test. The carrageenan- induced oedema model revealed the suppression of inflammatory mediators within the 1st - 3rd h. Thus, C. equisetifolia essential oil displayed both anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities independent of the dose tested. The anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive activities of C. equisetifolia essential oil are herein reported for the first time


Assuntos
Animais , Masculino , Ratos , Óleos Voláteis/análise , Caules de Planta/anatomia & histologia , Casca de Planta/classificação , Analgésicos/farmacologia , Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologia , Carragenina/efeitos adversos , Cromatografia Gasosa/métodos , Microscopia Eletrônica de Transmissão e Varredura/métodos , Cromatografia Gasosa-Espectrometria de Massas/métodos
2.
Braz. j. biol ; 82: e240359, 2022. graf
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1285603

RESUMO

Hymenaea martiana is a species popularly known in Northeastern Brazil as "jatobá" and used in folk medicine to treat pain and inflammation. The aim of this work was to evaluate the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activity of H. martiana. In the present study, we carried out an investigation about the effects of the crude ethanolic extract (Hm-EtOH) and the ethyl acetate fraction (Hm-AcOEt) in models of nociception and inflammation in mice. Chemical (acetic acid-induced writhing and formalin) and thermal stimuli (hot plate) were used for the evaluation of antinociceptive activity, while for the anti-inflammatory profile paw edema induced by carrageenan was used, along with leukocyte migration to the peritoneal cavity. The presence of the flavonoid astilbin in the samples was characterized through HPLC-DAD-MS analysis. Hm-EtOH and Hm-AcOEt (100, 200 and 400 mg.kg-1, i.p.) significantly reduced the number of abdominal contortions and decreased the paw licking time in the formalin test. In the hot plate, the extract increased the latency time of animals. Hm-EtOH and Hm-AcOEt inhibited significantly the increase in the edema after the administration of carrageenan. Hm-EtOH and Hm-AcOEt inhibited leukocyte migration in the peritonitis test. HPLC-DAD-MS analysis of Hm-EtOH and Hm-AcOEt revealed the presence of the flavonoid astilbin in the samples. According to the results of this study, both Hm-EtOH and Hm-AcOEt have antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities, which could be related with the presence of flavonoid in the extracts. The results reinforce the popular use of this plant.


Hymenaea martiana é uma espécie popularmente conhecida no Nordeste do Brasil como "jatobá" e usada na medicina popular para tratar a dor e a inflamação. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a atividade antinociceptiva e antiinflamatória de H. martiana. No presente estudo, foram avaliados os efeitos do extrato etanólico bruto (Hm-EtOH) e da fração acetato de etila (Hm-AcOEt) em modelos de nocicepção e inflamação em camundongos. Foram utilizados estímulos químicos (contorções abdominais induzidas por ácido acético e teste da formalina) e estímulo térmico (teste da placa quente) para avaliação da atividade antinociceptiva, enquanto no perfil anti-inflamatório foi utilizado o teste do edema de pata induzido por carragenina e migração de leucócitos para a cavidade peritoneal. A presença do flavonoide astilbina nas amostras foi caracterizada através de análise por CLAE-DAD-EM. Hm-EtOH e o Hm-AcOEt (100, 200 e 400 mg.kg-1, i.p.) reduziram significativamente o número de contorções abdominais e diminuíram o tempo de lambida da pata no teste da formalina. No teste da placa quente, houve aumento do tempo de latência dos animais. Hm-EtOH e Hm-AcOEt inibiram significativamente o aumento do edema após a administração de carragenina, bem como inibiram a migração de leucócitos no teste de peritonite. A análise por CLAE-DAD-EM de Hm-EtOH e Hm-AcOEt revelou a presença do flavonoide astilbina nas amostras. De acordo com os resultados deste estudo, tanto Hm-EtOH quanto o Hm-AcOEt possuem atividades antinociceptiva e anti-inflamatória, o que pode estar relacionado à presença do flavonoide. Os resultados reforçam o uso popular desta planta.


Assuntos
Animais , Coelhos , Hymenaea , Fabaceae , Brasil , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Carragenina , Analgésicos/farmacologia , Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologia
3.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 54(3): e9422, 2021. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: biblio-1153527

RESUMO

Hyptis crenata, commonly known as "salva-do-Marajó", "hortelã-do-campo", and "hortelãzinha", is used in folk medicine in Northeast Brazil as tea or infusion to treat inflammatory diseases. Due to the pharmacological efficacy and the low toxicity of the essential oil of Hyptis crenata (EOHc), we decided to investigate the EOHc antiedematogenic effect in experimental models of inflammation. EOHc was administrated orally at doses of 10-300 mg/kg to male Swiss albino mice. Paw edema was induced by subcutaneous injection in the right hind paw of inflammatory stimuli (carrageenan, dextran, histamine, serotonin, and bradykinin) 60 min after administration of EOHc. EOHc significantly inhibited the induced edema. The inhibitory effect of EOHc on dextran-induced edema extended throughout the experimental time. For the 30, 100, and 300 mg/kg doses of EOHc, the inhibition was of 40.28±1.70, 51.18±2.69, and 59.24±2.13%, respectively. The EOHc inhibitory effect on carrageenan-induced edema started at 10 mg/kg at the second hour (h) and was maintained throughout the observation period. At 30, 100, and 300 mg/kg doses the inhibition started earlier, from 30 min. At the edema peak of 180 min, 56, 76, and 82% inhibition was observed for 30, 100, and 300 mg/kg doses, respectively. Additionally, the effect of EOHc on carrageenan-induced paw edema was influenced by the time of administration. The EOHc also inhibited myeloperoxidase activity. In conclusion, the EOHc showed a potent effect, both preventing and reversing the edema, consistent with its anti-inflammatory use in folk medicine.


Assuntos
Animais , Masculino , Coelhos , Óleos Voláteis/uso terapêutico , Hyptis/química , Edema/tratamento farmacológico , Inflamação/tratamento farmacológico , Brasil , Extratos Vegetais/uso terapêutico , Carragenina , Edema/induzido quimicamente , Inflamação/induzido quimicamente
4.
Rev. Nutr. (Online) ; 34: e200119, 2021. graf
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: biblio-1250801

RESUMO

ABSTRACT Objective 5-Hydroxytryptophan is the precursor compound of serotonin biosynthesis. The oral absorption of 5-Hydroxytryptophan is close to 100% and, unlike serotonin, it crosses the blood-brain barrier freely. 5-Hydroxytryptophan has been used as a food supplement for many years to treat anxiety and depression. Recent studies have shown that 5-Hydroxytryptophan suppresses the pro-inflammatory mediators and is effective in some inflammatory diseases, such as arthritis and allergic asthma. However, the role of 5-Hydroxytryptophan supplements on acute peripheral inflammation has not been investigated yet. In this study, the in vivo anti-inflammatory activity of 5-Hydroxytryptophan was evaluated with a carrageenan-induced paw oedema test in mice. Methods For the investigation of the acute antiinflammatory activity, single oral doses of 5-Hydroxytryptophan (1.5, 5 and 20mg/kg) were given to mice 1.5 hours prior to the carrageenan test. For chronic activity, the same oral doses were administered daily for two weeks prior to the carrageenan test on the 14th day. To induce inflammation, 0.01mL of 2% carrageenan was injected into the paws of mice. Results Supplementation with 5-Hydroxytryptophan significantly reduced inflammation in a dose-independent manner which was irrespective of the duration of exposure (per cent inhibition in acute experiments was 35.4%, 20.9%, 24.0%, and per cent inhibition in chronic experiments was 29.5%, 35.3%, 40.8% for the doses of 1.5, 5, and 20mg/kg, respectively). Conclusion Our findings demonstrate for the first time that 5-HTP supplements have the potential of suppressing the measures of acute peripheral inflammation. It is suggested that, apart from several diseases where serotonin is believed to play an important role, including depression, patients with inflammatory conditions may also benefit from 5-HTP.


RESUMO Objetivo O 5-hidroxitriptofano (5-HTP) é o composto precursor da biossíntese da serotonina. A absorção oral do 5-HTP é próxima a 100% e, ao contrário da serotonina, atravessa a barreira hematoencefálica livremente. O 5-HTP tem sido usado como suplemento alimentar por muitos anos na ansiedade e na depressão. Estudos recentes demonstraram que o 5-HTP suprime os mediadores pró-inflamatórios e é eficaz em algumas doenças inflamatórias, como artrite e asma alérgica. No entanto, o papel dos suplementos de 5-HTP na inflamação periférica aguda ainda não foi investigado. Neste estudo, a atividade anti-inflamatória in vivo do 5-HTP foi avaliada por meio do teste de edema de pata induzido por carragenina em ratos. Métodos Para a atividade aguda, doses orais únicas de 5 -HTP (1,5, 5 e 20 mg/kg) foram dados aos ratos 1,5 horas antes do teste da carragenina. Para a atividade crônica, as mesmas doses orais foram dadas cada dia durante duas semanas antes do teste da carragenina no 14º dia. 0,01ml da carragenina a 2% foi injetado nas patas dos ratos a fim de induzir a inflamação. Resultados A suplementação com 5-HTP reduziu significativamente a inflamação de uma maneira independente da dose, que foi independente da duração da exposição (por cento de inibição em experimentos agudos; 35,4%, 20,9%, 24,0% e por cento de inibição em experimentos crônicos; 29,5%, 35,3%, 40,8% para as doses de 1.5, 5 e 20 mg/kg respectivamente). Conclusão Nossas conclusões demonstram pela primeira vez que os suplementos de 5-HTP têm potencial para suprimir os sintomas de inflamação periférica aguda. É sugerido que, além de várias doenças em que se acredita que a serotonina tem uma função importante, incluindo a depressão, os pacientes com doenças inflamatórias também podem se beneficiar do 5-HTP.


Assuntos
Animais , Masculino , Camundongos , Carragenina , 5-Hidroxitriptofano/administração & dosagem , Suplementos Nutricionais , Edema/tratamento farmacológico , Anti-Inflamatórios/administração & dosagem
5.
Rev. Ciênc. Méd. Biol. (Impr.) ; 19(3): 507-513, dez 5, 2020. fig
Artigo em Português | LILACS | ID: biblio-1358030

RESUMO

A dor miofascial orofacial vem sendo tratada com analgésicos, anti-inflamatórios, relaxantes musculares, fisioterapia, laserterapia e placas oclusais. Contudo, muitas vezes, tais condutas falham em amenizar o quadro doloroso, havendo a necessidade de testar outras estratégias de tratamento. Metodologia: Uma opção para avaliação experimental dessas terapias seria o teste de dor induzido pela carragenina, associado ao teste de avaliação do limiar nociceptivo, originalmente desenvolvido para avaliar a ação de drogas nas patas de roedores. Sendo assim, o presente estudo analisou a nocicepção causada pela carragenina em masseteres de ratos, através do teste de Von Frey, correlacionando-a com alterações teciduais produzidas por esta droga. A carragenina foi injetada no músculo masseter de ratos, enquanto o grupo controle recebeu soro fisiológico. O limiar nociceptivo foi mensurado com um analgesímetro digital antes da administração da carragenina e 5 horas, 1, 3 e 7 dias após o seu uso. Decorridos 8 dias da intervenção, os animais foram eutanasiados, sendo seus masseteres encaminhados para processamento histológico e coloração H&E. Resultados: Observou-se uma diminuição do limiar da resposta nociceptiva em todos os períodos no grupo com carragenina, quando comparado com o grupo controle, havendo diferença estatisticamente significante nas 5 horas. A análise histológica do grupo experimental mostrou a presença de espaços perimisial e endomisial alargados e preenchidos por uma matriz com alguns linfócitos, muitos macrófagos e raros mastócitos. Conclusão: Os resultados indicaram que a associação de uma droga inflamatória com o método Von Frey pode ser uma opção para o estudo do efeito de terapias de dor miofascial.


Myofascial orofacial pain has been treated with analgesics, anti-inflammatories, muscle relaxants, physiotherapy, laser therapy and occlusal plaques. However, many times, such behaviors fail to alleviate the painful condition, with the need to test other treatment strategies. Methodology: An option for experimental evaluation of these therapies would be the pain test induced by carrageenan associated with the nociceptive threshold assessment test, originally developed to assess the action of drugs on the rodents' feet. Thus, the present study analyzed the nociception caused by carrageenan in rat masseter using the Von Frey test, correlating it with tissue changes produced by this drug. Carrageenan was injected into the masseter muscle of rats, while the control group received saline. The nociceptive threshold was measured with a digital analgesometer before administration of carrageenan and 5 hours, 1, 3 and 7 days after its use. After 8 days of the intervention, the animals were euthanized, and their masseters were sent for histological processing and H&E staining. Results: There was a decrease in the nociceptive response threshold in all periods in the group treated with carrageenan when compared to the control group, with a statistically significant difference at 5 hours. Histological analysis of the experimental group showed the presence of enlarged perimisial and endomisial spaces, filled by a matrix with some lymphocytes, many macrophages and rare mast cells. Conclusion: Results indicated that the association of an inflammatory drug with the Von Frey method may be an option for studying the effect of therapies on myofascial pain.


Assuntos
Animais , Masculino , Ratos , Ratos Endogâmicos , Carragenina , Nociceptividade , Síndromes da Dor Miofascial , Modalidades de Fisioterapia , Placas Oclusais , Analgésicos , Anti-Inflamatórios , Relaxantes Musculares Centrais
6.
Braz. j. biol ; 80(1): 57-65, Feb. 2020. graf
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: biblio-1089300

RESUMO

Abstract Selaginella convoluta (Arn.) Spring is a species popularly known as "jericó", and used in folk medicine as analgesic and anti-inflammatory. This study aimed to investigate in mice the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of the hexane (Sc-Hex) and chloroform (Sc-CHCl3) fractions (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) obtained by partition of crude ethanol extract from S. convoluta. The preliminary phytochemical analysis of the fractions was performed. Antinociceptive activity was evaluated by writhing, formalin and hot-plate tests. Anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated using carrageenan-induced pleurisy. The rota-rod test was used to evaluate motor coordination. Preliminary phytochemical screening showed that the Sc-Hex and the Sc-CHCl3 were positive for the presence of flavonoids, anthracene derivatives, quinones, triterpenes and steroids. Inhibition of writhing was observed for fractions tested. The Sc-Hex at all doses tested was effective in reducing the nociceptive behavior produced by formalin only in the second phase. However, the Sc-CHCl3 decreased the paw licking time in the first and second phases. In the hot plate no significant effect was observed for any fraction. In the rota-rod test, treated mice did not demonstrate any significant motor performance changes. In the carrageenan-induced pleurisy, Sc-CHCl3 (200 mg/kg) reduced cell migration to the pleural cavity. These results reveal the antinociceptive properties of S. convoluta , which support, in part, its traditional use, since the fractions did not presented significant activity in the inflammatory response profile. We further verify that this antinociceptive effect could be by activation of nociceptive peripheral pathway.


Resumo Selaginella convoluta é uma espécie popularmente conhecida como "jericó", e usada na medicina popular como analgésica e anti-inflamatória. Este estudo teve como objetivo investigar em camundongos as atividades antinociceptiva e anti-inflamatória das frações hexânica (Sc-Hex) e clorofórmica (Sc-CHCl3) (100, 200 e 400 mg/kg) obtidas por partição do extrato etanólico bruto de S. convoluta . A análise fitoquímica preliminar das frações foi realizada. A atividade antinociceptiva foi avaliada pelos testes de contorções abdominais, formalina e placa quente. A atividade anti-inflamatória foi avaliada usando pleurisia induzida por carragenina. O teste do rota-rod foi utilizado para avaliar a coordenação motora. A triagem fitoquímica preliminar mostrou que Sc-Hex e Sc-CHCl3 apresentaram reação positiva para a presença de flavonoides, derivados antracênicos, quinonas, triterpenos e esteroides. A inibição das contorções foi observada para as frações testadas. Sc-Hex em todas as doses testadas foi efetivo na redução do comportamento nociceptivo produzido pela formalina somente na segunda fase. No entanto, Sc-CHCl3 diminuiu o tempo de lambida da pata na primeira e segunda fases. Na placa quente, nenhum efeito significativo foi observado para qualquer fração. No teste do rota-rod os camundongos tratados não demonstraram mudanças significativas na coordenação motora. Na pleurisia induzida por carragenina, Sc-CHCl3 (200 mg/kg) reduziu a migração celular para a cavidade pleural. Estes resultados revelam a propriedade antinociceptiva de S. convoluta, justificando, em parte, seu uso tradicional, uma vez que os extratos não apresentaram atividade significativa no perfil de resposta inflamatória. Verificamos ainda que esse efeito antinociceptivo mostrou-se ligado à ativação da via periférica nociceptiva.


Assuntos
Animais , Ratos , Selaginellaceae , Dor , Extratos Vegetais , Carragenina , Analgésicos , Anti-Inflamatórios
7.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 53(10): e10204, 2020. graf
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS, Coleciona SUS | ID: biblio-1132473

RESUMO

Several isatin derivatives have shown important biological activities, which have attracted interest from researchers. For this reason, the present study aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effects of the isatin derivative (Z)-2-(5-chloro-2-oxoindolin-3-ylidene)-N-phenyl-hydrazinecarbothioamide (COPHCT) in mice. Three doses of this compound were tested: 1.0, 2.5, and 5.0 mg/kg. The anti-inflammatory activity was assessed using the carrageenan-induced paw edema model and the zymosan-induced air pouch model. The evaluation of the antinociceptive effect was performed through the formalin test and the acetic acid-induced abdominal writhing test. The paw edema assay demonstrated that all doses of the compound showed a significant reduction of the edema in the second hour evaluated, but a better response was observed in the fourth hour. The zymosan-induced air pouch model indicated that the compound, in all doses, significantly reduced leukocyte migration and total protein concentration levels. In the formalin test, the doses 1.0, 2.5, and 5.0 mg/kg of COPHCT showed activity only in the second phase, with reduction in paw pain time of 73.61, 79.46, and 73.85%, respectively. The number of abdominal writhings decreased with the increasing dose, but only 5.0 mg/kg COPHCT exhibited a significant response, with a reduction of 24.88%. These results demonstrated the ability of this compound to interfere in the anti-inflammatory activity of edema, vascular permeability, and cell migration. In addition, its possible antinociceptive effect may be related to the dose used.


Assuntos
Animais , Masculino , Feminino , Ratos , Analgésicos/farmacologia , Isatina/farmacologia , Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais , Carragenina , Edema
8.
Bol. latinoam. Caribe plantas med. aromát ; 18(6): 566-576, nov. 2019. ilus, tab
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: biblio-1102643

RESUMO

This paper reports for the first time volatile compounds, anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of essential oils from the leaves of Waltheria indica L. (Stericullaceae) growing in Nigeria. The essential oil was hydro-distilled and characterized by gas chromatography-flame ionization detection (GC-FID) and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analyses. The anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated on carrageenan induced rat paw edema while the anti-nociceptive test was based on hot plate model. The hydro-distillation afforded 0.41% (dry weight basis) of light green oil. Forty compounds representing 99.8% were identified in the oil. The main constituents of the oil were limonene (34.7%), sabinene (21.2%) and citronellal (9.7%). The anti-nociceptive property of the essential oils statically inhibited edema development (p<0.001) at a dose of 200 and 400 mg/kg independent of time of exposure. However, the 100 mg/kg Waltheria indica essential oils (WIEO) displayed a relatively low inhibition (p<0.01-p>0.5) which declines as exposure time increases. The anti-inflammatory activities shows a steady rate and non-dose dependent activity (p<0.001) up to the 3rd h of inflammation study. Conversely, a sharp reduction at the rate of p<0.5, 0.1 and 0.01 for the 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg WIEO doses respectively. Overall, the results presented sustain and establish the anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory properties and justifies the need for further evaluation and development of the essential oils from this plant.


Este artículo informa por primera vez de compuestos volátiles, actividades anti-nociceptivas y antiinflamatorias de aceites esenciales de las hojas de Waltheria indica L. (Stericullaceae) que crecen en Nigeria. El aceite esencial fue hidro-destilado y se caracterizó por cromatografía de gases-detección de ionización de llama (GC-FID) y cromatografía de gases junto con análisis de espectrometría de masas (GC-MS). La actividad antiinflamatoria se evaluó en el edema de pata de rata inducido por carragenano, mientras que la prueba antinociceptiva se basó en el modelo de placa caliente. La destilación hidráulica proporcionó 0,41% (en peso seco) de aceite verde claro. Cuarenta compuestos que representan el 99.8% fueron identificados en el aceite. Los principales componentes del aceite fueron el limoneno (34,7%), el sabineno (21,2%) y el citronelal (9,7%). La propiedad anti-nociceptiva de los aceites esenciales inhibió estáticamente el desarrollo del edema (p<0.001) a una dosis de 200 y 400 mg/kg independientemente del tiempo de exposición. Sin embargo, los aceites esenciales de Waltheria indica de 100 mg/kg (WIEO) mostraron una inhibición relativamente baja (p<0.01-p>0.5) que disminuye a medida que aumenta el tiempo de exposición. Las actividades antiinflamatorias muestran una tasa constante y una actividad no dependiente de la dosis (p<0.001) hasta la tercera hora del estudio de inflamación. Por el contrario, una fuerte reducción a una tasa de p<0.5, 0.1 y 0.01 para las dosis de 100, 200 y 400 mg/kg de WIEO respectivamente. En general, los resultados presentados sostienen y establecen las propiedades anti-nociceptivas y antiinflamatorias y justifican la necesidad de una mayor evaluación y desarrollo de los aceites esenciales de esta planta.


Assuntos
Animais , Masculino , Feminino , Ratos , Óleos Voláteis/farmacologia , Malvaceae/química , Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologia , Temperatura , Carragenina/toxicidade , Cromatografia Gasosa/métodos , Ratos Wistar , Monoterpenos/análise , Ionização de Chama , Analgésicos/farmacologia , Inflamação/induzido quimicamente
9.
Horiz. méd. (Impresa) ; 19(3): 49-57, Set. 2019. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, LIPECS | ID: biblio-1022381

RESUMO

Objetivo: Analizar la actividad antiinflamatoria y antinociceptiva de la metformina en un evento agudo de inflamaciónedema y dolor inducido en roedor. Materiales y métodos: Se utilizaron 198 ratones hembras. Se evaluó el efecto antiinflamatorio con la prueba de edema plantar inducido por carragenina en 64 ratones y, para evaluar el efecto sobre el dolor, se utilizó la prueba de placa caliente e inmersión de la cola, con 64 y 70 ratones, respectivamente. En ambos casos se tuvieron grupos controles, placebo y experimentales. Para el análisis se emplearon las pruebas de Shapiro-Wilk, de ANOVA de una cola, de Tukey y correlación de Pearson. Resultados: En el edema de la pata por carragenina, los grupos metformina 50 y 150 mg/kg presentaron efecto antiinflamatorio a la segunda y tercera hora. En la prueba de placa caliente, los grupos metformina 100, 200 y 250 mg/kg presentaron efecto analgésico en la segunda y cuarta hora. En la prueba de inmersión de cola, los grupos metformina 100, 150, 200 y 250 mg/kg presentaron efecto analgésico desde el minuto 15 hasta terminar el experimento; además, el grupo metformina 150 mg/kg tuvo efecto estadísticamente equivalente al grupo control de morfina 10 mg/kg. Conclusiones: Se demuestra la actividad antiinflamatoria y antinociceptiva aguda de metformina a diferentes dosis, en modelos experimentales con ratones.


Objective: To analyze the anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activity of metformin in an acute event of inflammation-edema and pain induction in rodents. Materials and methods: One hundred ninety-eight (198) female mice were used. The anti-inflammatory effect was evaluated in 64 mice using the carrageenan-induced paw edema test, and the antinociceptive effect was assessed in 64 and 70 mice using the hot plate test and the tail immersion test, respectively. In both cases, there were control, placebo and experimental groups. For the analysis, the Shapiro-Wilk test, one-way ANOVA test, Tukey test and Pearsonian coefficient of correlation were used. Results: In the carrageenan-induced paw edema test, the metformin 50 and 150 mg/kg groups showed an antiinflammatory effect at the second and third hours. In the hot plate test, the metformin 100, 200 and 250 mg/kg groups showed an antinociceptive effect at the second and fourth hours. In the tail immersion test, the metformin 100, 150, 200 and 250 mg/kg groups showed an antinociceptive effect from minute 15 until the end of the experiment. In addition, the metformin 150 mg/kg group had a statistically equivalent effect to the morphine 10 mg/kg control group.


Assuntos
Camundongos , Metformina , Dor , Carragenina , Sistema Nervoso Central , Inflamação
10.
Braz. J. Pharm. Sci. (Online) ; 55: e17870, 2019. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: biblio-1039075

RESUMO

Mefenamic acid (MFA) is a hydrophobic drug with low dissolution rate. This study aimed to develop stable and reproducible aqueous formulations of MFA using liposomes as drug carriers. The drug entrapment, particles size and drug release profiles, and stability and reproducibility of the liposomes were determined. In addition, the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) was determined in rats via the oral and intraperitoneal routes of administration. Also, the anti-inflammatory efficacy of these liposomes was evaluated using carrageenan-induced paw edema model in rats. MFA-DDC based liposomes demonstrated a drug entrapment efficacy of 93.6%, particles size of 170.9 nm, and polydispersity index of 0.24 which were not statistically affected when stored in room and refrigerated temperatures for at least 4 weeks. The MTD of the intraperitoneally administrated MFA-loaded liposomes was 20 mg MFA/kg, whereas for those of oral administrations, it was up to 80 mg MFA/kg. Intraperitoneal dose (80 mg MFA/kg) of MFA-DDC liposomes induced extrapyramidal symptoms associated with significant elevation in serum potassium and muscle enzymes. Moreover, significant inhibition of paw edema was demonstrated by the oral and intraperitoneal routes. These findings suggest that MFA-DDC based liposomes are an effective formulation of MFA and recommend the use of bioequivalence assessments with commercial formulations.


Assuntos
Animais , Feminino , Ratos , Ácido Mefenâmico/análise , Ditiocarb/análise , Lipossomos/agonistas , Técnicas In Vitro , Carragenina
11.
Braz. J. Vet. Res. Anim. Sci. (Online) ; 55(1): 1-12, 2 abr. 2018. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-912753

RESUMO

The present study evaluated the dietary supplementation with essential oil of Lippia alba on the hemato-immunological parameters of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) submitted to acute inflammation induced by carrageenin injection in the swim bladder. For a period of 45 days, 96 fish were divided in four treatments in triplicate, as follows: fish fed supplemented diet with essential oil of L. alba (4 mL kg-1 dry ration) injected with carrageenin; fish fed supplemented diet with cereal alcohol injected with carrageenin; fish fed unsupplemented diet with essential oil injected with carrageenin; fish fed unsupplemented diet and noninjected. Cortisol levels, erythrogram, leukogram and the inflammatory infiltrate were analyzed 6 h after inflammatory stimulus. Carrageenin-injected fish showed acute inflammatory reaction in the swim bladder characterized by higher infiltrate of neutrophils and monocytes. The circulating neutrophils number was significantly higher in fish fed L. alba when compared to other treatments. No difference in cortisol levels was found. For dose, time and administration form tested, supplementation with essential oil of L. alba did not present anti-inflammatory activity. On the other hand, influence of dietary supplementation was observed on the neutrophils number after induced aerocystitis highlighting its immunomodulatory characteristic.(AU)


O presente estudo avaliou a suplementação dietária com óleo essencial de Lippia alba sobre os parâmetros hemato-imunológicos em tilápias do Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus) submetidas à inflamação aguda induzida por carragenina na bexiga natatória. Pelo período de 45 dias, 96 peixes foram divididos em quarto tratamentos em triplicata: a) peixes suplementados com óleo esencial de L. alba (4 mL kg-1 de ração) injetados com carragenina; b) peixes suplementados com álcool de cereais injetados com carragenina; peixes não suplementados com óleo essencial injetados com carragenina; c) peixes não suplementados não injetados. Os níveis de cortisol, eritrograma, leucograma e o infiltrado inflamatório foram analisados seis horas após o estímulo inflamatório. Peixes injetados com carragenina apresentaram reação inflamatória aguda na bexiga natatória caracterizada por maior infiltrado de neutrófilos e monócitos. O número de neutrófilos circulantes foi significativamente maior nos peixes suplementados com L. alba quando comparado aos outros tratamentos. Não houve diferença nos níveis de cortisol. Para a dose, o tempo e a forma de administração testada, a suplementação com óleo essencil de L. alba não apresentou atividade anti-inflamatória. Por outro lado, foi constatada influência da suplementação dietária no número de neutrófilos após a aerocistite enfatizando a sua característica imunomoduladora.(AU)


Assuntos
Animais , Anti-Inflamatórios/administração & dosagem , Ciclídeos/sangue , Ciclídeos/imunologia , Suplementos Nutricionais/análise , Lippia/química , Óleos Voláteis/uso terapêutico , Sacos Aéreos , Carragenina/administração & dosagem , Inflamação/terapia , Óleos Voláteis/administração & dosagem
12.
An. acad. bras. ciênc ; 90(1): 185-194, Mar. 2018. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: biblio-886919

RESUMO

ABSTRACT The N-salicyloyltryptamine (NST) is an indole derivative compound analogue to the alkaloid N-benzoyltryptamine. In the present study, the antiedematogenic activity of NST was investigated in animal models. Firstly, the acute toxicity for NST was assessed according to the OECD Guideline no. 423. The potential NST-induced antiedematogenic activity was evaluated by carrageenan-induced paw edema in rats, as well as by dextran-, compound 48/80-, histamine-, serotonin-, capsaicine-, and prostaglandin E2-induced paw edema in mice. The effect of NST on compound 48/80-induced ex vivo mast cell degranulation on mice mesenteric bed was investigated. No death or alteration of behavioral parameters was observed after administration of NST (2000 mg/kg, i.p.) during the observation time of 14 days. The NST (100 and 200 mg/kg, i.p.) inhibited the carrageenan-induced edema from the 1st to the 5th hour (**p<0.01; ***p<0.001). The edematogenic activity induced by dextran, compound 48/80, histamine, serotonin, capsaicin, and prostaglandin E2 was inhibited by NST (100 mg/kg, i.p.) throughout the observation period (**p<0.01; ***p<0.001). The pretreatment with NST (50, 100 or 200 mg/kg, i.p) attenuates the compound 48/80-induced mast cell degranulation (**p<0.01; ***p<0.001). Thus, the inhibition of both mast cell degranulation and release of endogenous mediators are probably involved in the NST-induced antiedematogenic effect.


Assuntos
Animais , Masculino , Feminino , Ratos , Triptaminas/farmacologia , Salicilatos/farmacologia , Edema/tratamento farmacológico , Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologia , Peptídeos/efeitos dos fármacos , Fatores de Tempo , Carragenina , Triptaminas/toxicidade , Salicilatos/toxicidade , Ratos Wistar , Mediadores da Inflamação , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Edema/induzido quimicamente , Membro Posterior , Anti-Inflamatórios/toxicidade
13.
Electron. j. biotechnol ; 32: 26-34, Mar. 2018. graf, tab
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: biblio-1022610

RESUMO

Background: A new ι-carrageenase-producing strain was screened from mangroves and authenticated as Pseudoalteromonas carrageenovora ASY5 in our laboratory. The potential application of this new strain was evaluated. Results: Medium compositions and culturing conditions in shaking flask fermentation were firstly optimized by single-factor experiment. ι-Carrageenase activity increased from 0.34 U/mL to 1.08 U/mL after test optimization. Optimal fermentation conditions were 20°C, pH 7.0, incubation time of 40 h, 15 g/L NaCl, 1.5% (w/v) yeast extract as nitrogen source, and 0.9% (w/v) ι-carrageenan as carbon source. Then, the crude ι-carrageenase was characterized. The optimum temperature and pH of the ι-carrageenase were 40°C and 8.0, respectively. The enzymatic activity at 35­40°C for 45 min retained more than 40% of the maximum activity. Meanwhile, The ι-carrageenase was inhibited by the addition of 1 mmol/L Cd2+ and Fe3+ but increased by the addition of 1 mmol/L Ag+, Ba2+, Ca2+, Co2+, Mn2+, Zn2+, Fe2+, and Al3+. The structure of oligosaccharides derived from ι-carrageenan was detected using electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). The ι-carrageenase degraded ι-carrageenan, yielding disaccharides and tetrasaccharides as main products. Conclusions: The discovery and study of new ι-carrageenases are beneficial not only for the production of ι-carrageenan oligosaccharides but also for the further utilization in industrial production.


Assuntos
Proteínas de Bactérias/metabolismo , Pseudoalteromonas/enzimologia , Glicosídeo Hidrolases/metabolismo , Oligossacarídeos/biossíntese , Temperatura , Carbono/metabolismo , Carragenina/biossíntese , Espectrometria de Massas por Ionização por Electrospray , Fermentação , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Hidrólise , Nitrogênio/metabolismo
14.
Acta sci., Biol. sci ; 39(4): 423-430, Oct. - Dec. 2017. ilus, tab
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: biblio-878455

RESUMO

The seaweeds are bio-resource rich in sulfated and neutral polysaccharides. The tropical seaweed species used in this study (Solieria filiformis), after dried, shows 65.8% (w/w) carbohydrate, 9.6% (w/w) protein, 1.7% (w/w) lipid, 7.0% (w/w) moisture and 15.9% (w/w) ash. The dried seaweed was easily hydrolyzed under mild conditions (0.5 M sulfuric acid, 20 min.), generating fermentable monosaccharides with a maximum hydrolysis efficiency of 63.21%. Galactose and glucose present in the hydrolyzed were simultaneously fermented by Saccharomyces cerevisiae when the yeast was acclimated to galactose and cultivated in broth containing only galactose. The kinetic parameters of the fermentation of the seaweed hydrolyzed were Y(P/S) = 0.48 ± 0.02 g.g−1, PP = 0.27 ± 0.04 g.L−1.h−1, η = 94.1%, representing a 41% increase in bioethanol productivity. Therefore, S. filiformis was a promising renewable resource of polysaccharides easily hydrolyzed, generating a broth rich in fermentable monosaccharides for ethanol production.


As algas marinhas são recursos naturais ricos em polissacarídeos sulfatados e neutros. A espécie de macroalga tropical utilizada neste estudo (Solieria filiformis) apresentou teores de carboidratos de 65,8% (m/m), proteínas de 9,6% (m/m), lipídios de 1,7% (m/m), umidade de 7,0% (m/m) e 15,9 % (m/m) de cinzas. A macroalga seca foi facilmente hidrolisada em condições brandas, na presença de ácido sulfúrico 0,5 M, por 20 min, produzindo monossacarídeos fermentáveis com uma eficiência de hidrólise máxima de 63,21%. A galactose e a glicose presentes no hidrolisado foram fermentadas simultaneamente por Saccharomyces cerevisiae, após aclimatação da levedura cultivada em meio contendo apenas galactose como fonte de carbono. Os parâmetros cinéticos da fermentação do hidrolisado algáceo pela levedura aclimatada a galactose foram Y(P/S) = 0,48 ± 0,02 g.g-1, PP = 0,27 ± 0,04 g.L- 1.h-1, η = 94,1%. Portanto, a macroalga S. filiformis se mostrou um recurso renovável promissor como fonte de polissacarídeos facilmente hidrolisados, gerando um meio nutritivo rico em glucose e galactose para a produção de etanol.


Assuntos
Carragenina , Celulose , Fermentação , Galactose , Alga Marinha , Ácidos Sulfúricos
16.
Braz. j. biol ; 75(2): 491-496, 05/2015. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: lil-749675

RESUMO

This study evaluated the acute inflammatory response induced by carrageenin in the swim bladder of Nile tilapia supplemented with the mixture of natural extracts of propolis and Aloe barbadensis (1:1) at a concentration of 0.5%, 1% and 2% in diet during 15 days. Thirty-six fish were distributed into four treatments with three replicates: fish supplemented with 0.5% of admix of extracts of propolis and Aloe (1:1) injected with 500 µg carrageenin; fish supplemented with 1% of admix of extracts of propolis and Aloe (1:1) injected with 500 µg carrageenin; fish supplemented with 2% of admix of extracts of propolis and Aloe (1:1), injected with 500 µg carrageenin and unsupplemented fish injected with 500 µg carrageenin. Six hours after injection, samples of blood and exudate from the swim bladder of fish were collected. It was observed an increase in the leukocyte count in the swim bladder exudate of fish supplemented with extracts of propolis and Aloe injected with carrageenin. The most frequent cells were macrophages followed by granular leukocytes, thrombocytes and lymphocytes. Supplementation with propolis and Aloe to 0.5% caused a significant increase in the number of cells on the inflammatory focus mainly macrophages, cells responsible for the phagocytic activity in tissues, agent of innate fish immune response.


Este estudo avaliou a resposta inflamatória aguda induzida por carragenina na bexiga natatóriade tilápia do Nilo suplementada com a mistura dos extratos naturais de própolis e Aloe barbadensis (1:1), nas concentrações de 0,5%, 1% e 2% na dieta durante o período de 15 dias. Trinta e seis peixes foram distribuídos em quatro tratamentos com três repetições: peixes suplementados com 0,5% da mistura dos extratos de própolis e Aloe (1:1) injetados na bexiga natatória com 500 µg de carragenina; peixes suplementados com 1% da mistura dos extratos de própolis e Aloe (1:1) injetados na bexiga natatória com 500 µg de carragenina; peixes suplementados com 2% da mistura dos extratos de própolis e Aloe (1:1) injetados na bexiga natatória com 500 µg de carragenina e peixes não suplementados injetados na bexiga natatória com 500 µg de carragenina. Seis horas após as injeções foram coletadas amostras de sangue e exsudato da bexiga natatória dos peixes. Foi observado aumento na contagem de leucócitos no exsudato da bexiga natatória de peixes suplementados com os extratos de própolis e Aloe injetados com carragenina. As células mais frequentes foram os macrófagos seguidos pelos leucócitos granulares, trombócitos e linfócitos. A suplementação com própolis e Aloe a 0,5% provocou aumento significativo no número de células no foco inflamatório, principalmente dos macrófagos, células responsáveis pela atividade fagocitária nos tecidos, agente da resposta imune inata nos peixes.


Assuntos
Animais , Aloe/química , Ciclídeos , Suplementos Nutricionais , Inflamação/prevenção & controle , Própole/administração & dosagem , Doenças da Bexiga Urinária/veterinária , Doença Aguda , Contagem de Células Sanguíneas , Carragenina , Ciclídeos/sangue , Inflamação/induzido quimicamente , Extratos Vegetais/administração & dosagem , Doenças da Bexiga Urinária/induzido quimicamente , Doenças da Bexiga Urinária/prevenção & controle
17.
Rev. bras. anestesiol ; 65(2): 124-129, Mar-Apr/2015. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: lil-741713

RESUMO

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the antinociceptive effects of subarachnoid meloxicam on the mechanical hypernociception induced by carrageenan in rats. METHODS: Randomized controlled trial. Eighteen adult male Wistar rats underwent a cannula implantation into the subarachnoid space and were randomly divided into two groups: Group I received saline solution 5 µL, while Group II received meloxicam 30 mg. The mechanical hypernociception was induced by intraplantar injection of carrageenan and evaluated using a digital analgesy meter every 30 min during a 4-h period. The results were recorded as the Δ withdrawal threshold (in g), calculated by subtracting the measurement value after treatment from baseline. RESULTS: The Δ withdrawal threshold mean values were lower in the group of patients treated with meloxicam over all time points between 45 and 165 min, however, there was no statistical significance (p = 0.835) for this difference. CONCLUSION: Subarachnoid meloxicam at a dose of 30 µg animal-1 did not suppress the mechanical hypernociception in a model of inflammatory pain induced by intraplantar administration of carrageenan in rats. The data suggest that other dosages should be investigated the drug effect is discarded. .


JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVO: Avaliar os efeitos antinociceptivos do meloxicam subaracnóideo sobre a hipernocicepção mecânica induzida pela carragenina em ratos. MÉTODOS: Estudo randômico e controlado. Dezoito ratos Wistar, machos adultos, foram submetidos à implantação de uma cânula subaracnóidea, e aleatoriamente distribuídos em dois grupos: o Grupo I (GI) recebeu 5 µL de solução salina, enquanto que ao Grupo II (GII) foram administrados 30 µg de meloxicam, ambos pela via subaracnóidea. A hipernocicepção mecânica foi induzida pela injeção intraplantar de carragenina e avaliada com o emprego de um analgesímetro digital a cada 30 minutos durante um período de 4 horas. Os resultados foram registrados como o Δ do limiar de retirada (g), calculado subtraindo-se o valor das mensurações após os tratamentos, do valor basal. RESULTADOS: Os valores médios do Δ do limiar de retirada foram menores no grupo tratado com meloxicam ao longo de todos os momentos de avaliação entre 45 e 165 minutos, contudo não foi demonstrada significância estatística (p = 0,835) para essa diferença. CONCLUSÃO: A administração subaracnóidea do meloxicam na dose de 30 µg.animal-1 não foi capaz de suprimir a hipernocicepção mecânica em um modelo de dor inflamatória induzida pela administração intraplantar de carragenina em ratos. Os dados sugerem que outras doses sejam pesquisadas antes que o efeito do fármaco seja descartado. .


JUSTIFICACIÓN Y OBJETIVO: Evaluar los efectos antinociceptivos del meloxicam subaracnoideo sobre la hipernocicepción mecánica inducida por la carragenina en ratones. MÉTODOS: Estudio aleatorizado y controlado. Dieciocho ratones Wistar, machos adultos, fueron sometidos a la implantación de una cánula subaracnoidea y aleatoriamente distribuidos en 2 grupos: el grupo I recibió 5 µl de solución salina, mientras que al grupo II se le administró 30 µg de meloxicam, ambos por vía subaracnoidea. La hipernocicepción mecánica fue inducida mediante inyección intraplantar de carragenina y fue calculada con el uso de un analgesímetro digital cada 30 min durante un período de 4 h. Los resultados fueron registrados como el Δ del umbral de retirada (g), calculado restándose el valor de las medidas posteriormente a los tratamientos, del valor basal. RESULTADOS: Los valores medios del Δ del umbral de retirada fueron menores en el grupo tratado con meloxicam en todos los momentos de evaluación entre 45 y 165 min, sin embargo, no se demostró significación estadística (p = 0,835) para esa diferencia. CONCLUSIÓN: La administración subaracnoidea del meloxicam en la dosis de 30 µg/animal-1 no fue capaz de suprimir la hipernocicepción mecánica en un modelo de dolor inflamatorio inducido por la administración intraplantar de carragenina en ratones. Los datos sugieren que deben investigarse otras dosis antes de descartar el efecto del fármaco. .


Assuntos
Animais , Ratos , Medição da Dor , Carragenina , Estudos de Intervenção , Meloxicam , Analgésicos/farmacologia
18.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 143(2): 147-157, feb. 2015. graf, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-742565

RESUMO

Background: There is a gap between the number of patients requiring a renal allograft and the number of potential deceased donors (DD). One alternative is using allografts from non-related living donors (NRLD). Aim: To compare survival and complications of renal allograft recipients from DD, related living donors (RLD) and NRLD. Material and Methods: Observational study of a cohort of renal allograft recipients. Of 253 transplants performed in a Chilean region between 1981 and 2003, 20 patients received and allograft from a NRLD. Graft and patient survival of these patients were compared with those of 93 patients receiving an allograft from a related living donor and 140 receiving it from a DD. Patients were followed for 10 years or until death or dialysis requirement. Results: No significant differences between groups in graft and patient survival, deaths with a functioning graft or return to dialysis were observed. Receptors of DD had more hospital admissions during the first years after receiving the graft, usually due to infections. Also a delayed graft function was more common among them. Glomerular filtration rate ten years after the graft was similar among the three groups. Conclusions: No differences in graft or patient survival was observed between patients receiving a renal allograft from NRLD, RLD or DD.


Assuntos
Animais , Feminino , Camundongos , Ratos , Analgésicos , Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides , Niacinamida/análogos & derivados , Niacinamida/farmacologia , Amidas/farmacologia , Carragenina , Dipirona/farmacologia , Edema/induzido quimicamente , Edema/tratamento farmacológico , Formaldeído , Temperatura Alta , Isomerismo , Atividade Motora/efeitos dos fármacos , Medição da Dor/efeitos dos fármacos , Ácidos Picolínicos/farmacologia , Poli(ADP-Ribose) Polimerases/antagonistas & inibidores , Equilíbrio Postural/efeitos dos fármacos , Ratos Wistar
19.
Vitae (Medellín) ; 22(2): 101-110, 2015. Ilustraciones
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-987854

RESUMO

Antecedentes: La carne de pollo mecánicamente deshuesada (CMD) o pasta de pollo es uno de los ingredientes principales utilizado en la industria cárnica para aportar proteína en la formulación de embutidos, normalmente se importa, pero se busca obtener extensores de esta materia prima con el fin de contribuir al desarrollo de la industria nacional. Objetivos: El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar la mejor mezcla entre fibra, cuero y carragenina, mediante la evaluación de las propiedades microbiológicas, bromatológicas, reológicas y sensoriales de un salchichón tipo estándar fabricado con pasta de pollo y un extensor que reemplaza un 35% y 50% de esta en la formulación de la matriz cárnica. Métodos: Se realizó un diseño experimental que contempló la combinación de tres extensores en diez puntos de mezcla, cada uno compuesto por fibra, cuero de cerdo y carragenina respectivamente. Se llevó a cabo la experimentación para niveles de reemplazo de un 35% y 50%, cada uno de los salchichones fue sometido a evaluación de Análisis de Perfil de Textura (TPA), elasticidad y firmeza en el campo instrumental y el respectivo análisis sensorial. Resultados: La dureza y la masticabilidad en el análisis instrumental de textura disminuyeron con la aplicación de los extensores, sin embargo no hay diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre la aplicación de los tres extensores para la dureza. Respecto al análisis sensorial se encontró que la mezcla entre fibra y cuero de cerdo favorece las propiedades sensoriales, adicionalmente una interacción entre fibra y cuero de cerdo mejoró la masticabilidad, la elasticidad aumentó en los salchichones extendidos y una interacción entre los tres extensores para un reemplazo de 35% aumenta la elasticidad con respecto al testigo. La firmeza, a un reemplazo del 35%, disminuye para cualquier salchichón extendido, pero se encontró una posible interacción de los tres extensores, caso contrario para un reemplazo del 50%. Conclusión: Según el análisis instrumental de textura, para reemplazos del 35% y 50%, no se encontró una mezcla que exhibiera comportamientos similares al de la pasta de pollo en un salchichón estándar. Sin embargo de acuerdo a los resultados sensoriales una combinación entre fibra y cuero de cerdo da como resultado salchichones extendidos con aceptabilidad entre los consumidores.


Background: Mechanically separated chicken (MSC) or chicken paste, is a finely textured chicken meat, and one of the principal ingredients used in the meat industry as a protein supplement in the production of processed meats; normally, it is imported; nevertheless, other meat extenders are being used in order to contribute to the development of the domestic industry. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the best mixture of fiber, pig skin, and carragennan, through an evaluation of the microbiological, bromatological, rheological and sensorial properties of standard sausages produced with chicken paste and extenders that replaced 35% and 50% of the paste inside a meat matrix. Methods: An experimental design that combined three extenders composed of fiber, pigskin, and carragennan in ten mixture points was used. The experiment was carried out with 35% and 50% replacement levels. Each sausage was subjected to a Texture Profile Analysis (TPA), elasticity, and firmness analysis, using instruments and a sensorial evaluation. Results: The firmness and chew ability in the instrumental analysis of the texture decreased with the application of the extenders; however, there were no statistically significant differences between the applications of the three extenders for firmness. The sensory analysis showed that the fiber and pigskin mixture favored the sensorial properties. Furthermore, the interaction between the fiber and pigskin improved the chew ability. The elasticity increased in the sausages with the extenders, and an interaction between the three extenders at the 35% replacement increased the elasticity, as compared to the control. The firmness, at the 35% replacement, decreased in the extended sausages, but there was a possible interaction between the three extenders that was not seen at the 50% replacement. Conclusion: According to the instrumental analysis of the texture, at 35% and 50% replacements, there was not a mixture that exhibited a behavior similar to that of chicken paste in a standard sausage. However, according to the sensory results, a combination of the fiber and pigskin resulted in a sausage with extenders that was acceptable for consumers.


Assuntos
Humanos , Galinhas , Carragenina , Ácidos Graxos , Alimentos , Proteínas Musculares
20.
Biol. Res ; 47: 1-7, 2014. ilus, tab
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: lil-710929

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Algesia and inflammation are related with several pathological conditions. It is known that many drugs available for the treatment of these problems cause unwanted side effects. This study was aimed at evaluating acute toxicity and anti-inflammatory activity of Lampaya medicinalis Phil. (Verbenaceae) widely used in the folk medicine of Northern Chile against rheumatism, arthritis and body joints pain. RESULTS: Oral administration of hydroalcoholic extract (HAE) at the highest dose of 3000 mg/ Kg body weight resulted in no mortalities or evidence of significant behavioral changes. Histological examination revealed normal architecture and no significant adverse effects were observed on the liver, kidney, heart, lung or ovaries and testicles. The results suggest that the oral administration of hydroalcoholic extract (HAE) from Lampaya medicinalis did not produce any toxic effect in rats. Hydroalcoholic extract (HAE) significantly inhibited the carrageenan-induced rat paw edema in dose - response relationship, at test doses of 37.5, 75, 150 and 300 mg/Kg body weight. Maximum inhibition (61.98 ± 2.69%) was noted at 300 mg/Kg after 2 h of drug treatment carrageenan induced paw edema, whereas indomethacin produced 47.90 ± 1.16% of inhibition. The inhibitory values of edema at 3 h postcarrageenan were 31.04±0.75%, 40.51 ± 2.36%, 48.97 ± 1.14% and 56.87 ± 0.41% for 37.5, 75, 150, and 300 mg/kg of extract respectively. Indomethacin (10 mg/Kg) gave a percentage inhibition of 49.44 ± 1.44. HAE (300 and 150 mg/kg) induced an anti-inflammatory effect greater than (or comparable) with the effect of indomethacin from 2nd to 4th hours of the experiment. CONCLUSIONS: Our results reveal for first time that compounds contained in the hydroalcoholic extract ofLampaya medicinalis Phil exert anti-inflammatory effect and the oral administration is safe and non toxic up to dose level 3000 mg/kg body weight. The anti-inflammatory activity may be associated with the presence of flavonoids. These findings also justify the traditional use of the plant for treating pain.


Assuntos
Animais , Feminino , Masculino , Anti-Inflamatórios/toxicidade , Edema/tratamento farmacológico , Inflamação/tratamento farmacológico , Extratos Vegetais/toxicidade , Verbenaceae , Administração Oral , Alanina Transaminase/sangue , Anti-Inflamatórios/isolamento & purificação , Aspartato Aminotransferases/sangue , Chile , Carragenina/administração & dosagem , Coração/efeitos dos fármacos , Membro Posterior/lesões , Indometacina/uso terapêutico , Rim/efeitos dos fármacos , Extração Líquido-Líquido , Fígado/efeitos dos fármacos , Pulmão/efeitos dos fármacos , Medicina Tradicional , Miocárdio , Ovário/efeitos dos fármacos , Extratos Vegetais/química , Folhas de Planta/química , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Testículo/efeitos dos fármacos , Testes de Toxicidade Aguda/métodos
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