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1.
Braz. j. infect. dis ; 19(4): 410-416, July-Aug. 2015. tab, ilus
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: lil-759270

RESUMO

Objectives: Men who have sex with men are at risk of tenofovir nephrotoxicity due to its wide use in both treatment and prophylaxis for human immunodeficiency virus infection, but little is known about the urinary biomarkers of early renal dysfunction in this population. This study aims to identify useful biomarkers of early renal dysfunction among human immunodeficiency virus-infected men who have sex with men exposed to tenofovir.Methods: In a cross-sectional study urinary alpha1-microglobulin, beta2-microglobulin, N-acetyl-B-n-glucosaminidase and albumin were measured and expressed as the ratio-to-creatinine in 239 human immunodeficiency virus-infected men who have sex with men who were treatment naïve or receiving antiretroviral therapy with tenofovir-containing or non-tenofovir-containing regimens. Additionally, 56 patients in the non-antiretroviral therapy group started a tenofovir-containing regimen and were assessed after 3 and 6 months on antiretroviral therapy.Results: Both the frequency of alpha1-microglobulin proteinuria (alpha1-microglobulin-creatinine ratio >25.8 mg/g) and the median urinary alpha1-microglobulin-creatinine ratio were higher in the tenofovir disoproxil fumarate group than the other two groups (all p< 0.05). A higher frequency of beta2-microglobulin proteinuria (beta2-microglobulin-creatinine ratio >0.68 mg/g) was also observed in the tenofovir group (28.9%) compared to the non-tenofovir group (13.6%, p= 0.024). There were no significant differences between groups for N-acetyl-β-n-glucosaminidase and albumin. In the longitudinal study, the median urinary alphat-microglobulin-creatinine ratio after 3 and 6 months on tenofovir-containing therapy (16.8 and 17.3 mg/g) was higher than baseline (12.3 mg/g, p= 0.023 and 0.011, respectively), while no statistically important changes were observed in urinary beta2-microglobulin-creatinine ratio or in the other biomarkers after 3 and 6 months on antiretroviral therapy (all p> 0.05).Conclusion: Urinary alphat-microglobulin seems to be a more sensitive and stable indicator of tubular dysfunction than urinary beta2-microglobulin for assessing tenofovir-related nephrotoxicity and can be significantly altered after tenofovir exposure.


Assuntos
Adulto , Humanos , Masculino , Nefropatia Associada a AIDS/induzido quimicamente , alfa-Globulinas/urina , Homossexualidade Masculina , Túbulos Renais Proximais , Tenofovir/efeitos adversos , /urina , Nefropatia Associada a AIDS/diagnóstico , Nefropatia Associada a AIDS/urina , Acetilglucosaminidase/urina , Albuminúria/induzido quimicamente , Biomarcadores/urina , Estudos Transversais , Estudos Longitudinais , Tenofovir/uso terapêutico
2.
Rev. bras. hematol. hemoter ; 37(2): 103-108, Mar-Apr/2015. tab
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: lil-746090

RESUMO

Background: Brazil has a multiethnic population with a high diversity of hemoglobinopathies. While screenings for beta-globin mutations are far more common, alterations affecting alpha-globin genes are usually more silent and less well known. The aim of this study was to describe the results of a screening program for alpha-globin gene mutations in a representative sample of the Southeastern Brazilian population. Methods: A total of 135,000 individuals, including patients with clinical suspicion of hemoglobinopathies and their family members, randomly chosen individuals submitted to blood tests and blood donors who were abnormal hemoglobin carriers were analyzed. The variants were screened by alkaline and acid electrophoreses, isoelectric focusing and cation-exchange high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and the abnormal chains were investigated by reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). Mutations were identified by molecular analyses, and the oxygen affinity, heme-heme cooperativity and Bohr effect of the variants were evaluated by functional tests. Results: Four new and 22 rare variants were detected in 98 families. Some of these variants were found in co-inheritance with other hemoglobinopathies. Of the rare hemoglobins, Hasharon, Stanleyville II and J-Rovigo were the most common, the first two being S-like and associated with alpha-thalassemia. Conclusion: The variability of alpha-globin alterations reflects the high degree of racial miscegenation and an intense internal migratory flow between different Brazilian regions. This diversity highlights the importance of programs for diagnosing hemoglobinopathies and preventing combinations that may lead to important clinical manifestations in multiethnic populations.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , alfa-Globulinas , Talassemia alfa , Etnicidade , Hemoglobinopatias
3.
Pesqui. vet. bras ; 29(6): 457-460, jun. 2009. graf, tab
Artigo em Português | LILACS | ID: lil-525666

RESUMO

As serpentes peçonhentas dos gêneros Bothrops e Crotalus têm sido mantidas em cativeiro visando à extração de venenos para a produção de imunobiológicos. O conhecimento da fisiologia desses animais e as alterações na concentração de proteínas e suas frações séricas são importantes para a identificação precoce de importantes enfermidades que cursam com estados de hipoproteinemia e hiperproteinemia. O objetivo do trabalho foi determinar a concentração de proteína total e o perfil eletroforético das proteínas séricas de serpentes Crotalus durissus terrificus (cascavel) criadas em cativeiro. Foram colhidas amostras de sangue da veia coccígea ventral de 21 serpentes adultas e sadias, divididas em dois grupos: Grupo 1 de 12 machos com peso médio de 588,89±193,55g, e Grupo 2 de nove fêmeas com peso médio de 708,33±194,04g. A proteína total sérica foi determinada pelo método de refratometria e a eletroforese em gel de agarose. Obtiveram-se valores da proteína total sérica (g/dL) de 4,51±0,50 para machos e de 4,82±0,72 para fêmeas, e para machos e fêmeas de 4,64±0,61. Foram identificadas pela eletroforese quatro frações protéicas (g/dL): albumina, a, b, g-globulinas e calculada a relação albumina:globulina. As serpentes fêmeas apresentaram maiores valores para as variáveis, albumina e para a relação albumina/globulina (AG) diferindo significativamente (P<0,05) do grupo de machos, porém sem significado clínico.


The poisonous snakes of the genera Crotalus and Bothrops have been kept in captivity with the purpose of extracting poison for the production of immunobiological. Knowledge of the physiology of these animals and serum proteins concentration changes are important for early identification of major diseases which lead to states of hypoproteinemia and hyperproteinemia. The objective was to determine the concentration of total protein and serum protein electrophoresis profile of Crotalus durissus terrificus (rattlesnake) in captivity. Blood samples were taken from the ventral coccygeal vein of 21 adult and healthy snakes divided into groups: Group 1 with 12 males, weighing in average 588.89±193.55g, and Group 2 with nine females, weighing in average 708.33±194.04g. The total serum concentration of protein was determined by the method of refractometry and agarose gel electrophoresis. The total protein values in the serum for females was 4.82±0.72, for males 4.51±0.50 and males and females 4.64±0.61, identified by four fractions (g/dL): albumin, a, b and g-globulin. Additionally the albumin/globulin ratio was calculated. The female snakes showed higher values for the variables, albumin and the albumin/globulin (AG) differed significantly (P<0.05) from the group of male snakes, but there was no clinical significance.


Assuntos
Animais , Masculino , Feminino , Albuminas , alfa-Globulinas , beta-Globulinas , Crotalus , gama-Globulinas , Refratometria/métodos , Eletroforese das Proteínas Sanguíneas/métodos , Eletroforese em Gel de Ágar/métodos
4.
Acta bioquím. clín. latinoam ; 26(2): 185-93, jun. 1992. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-122919

RESUMO

Teniendo en cuenta que el criptorquismo es un factor de riesgo de malignidad testicular, fue estudiado el perfil isoenzimático de la fosfatasa alcalina sérica (FAL), en 42 pacientes con criptocardia unilateral o bilateral; los mismos fueron divididos en dos grupos, según que dicho perfil correspondiera al encontrado en dadores sanos (grupo A) o al de pacientes con alto riesgo de desarrollar cáncer (grupo B). En ambos grupos se efectuó el estudio de la actividad sérica de fosfatasa alcalina total (FAT), fosfatasa ácida total (FAcT), fosfatasa ácida prostática (FAcP), hexosaminidasa (Hex) y fracciones proteicas, comparándose los resultados con los obtenidos para el grupo C o control. Fue observado un incremento de la actividad de FAT en los grupos A y B, notándose niveles elevados de FAcT y FAcP en el 28,0% y 19,0% respectivamente, del grupo A y en el 43,0% y 25,0% del grupo B. La actividad de Hex presentó niveles elevados en el 50,0% y 63,6% de los grupos A y B respectivamente. La relación albúmina/globulinas estuvo disminuida en el 33,3% del grupo A y en el 85,0% del B, a expensas del incremento de las fracciones globulínicas y al descenso de albúmina. Los pacientes del grupo B generalmente no responden a la terapia hormonal ni quirúrgica, mientras los del grupo A sí. Los resultados sugieren la existencia de marcadas modificaciones en el metabolismo proteico, como asimismo en la actividad de algunas enzimas séricas en los pacientes criptorquídicos


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Adolescente , Fosfatase Alcalina/sangue , beta-N-Acetil-Hexosaminidases/sangue , Criptorquidismo/sangue , Fosfatase Ácida/sangue , Biomarcadores Tumorais/sangue , alfa-Globulinas , beta-N-Acetil-Hexosaminidases , Cromatografia por Troca Iônica/métodos , Criptorquidismo/enzimologia , Criptorquidismo/epidemiologia , Isoenzimas , Isoenzimas/análise , Biomarcadores Tumorais/análise , Cromatina Sexual , Neoplasias Testiculares/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Testiculares/fisiopatologia
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