Análisis del conocimiento sobre los inhibidores selectivos de la recaptura de serotonina (ISRS) en el manejo de la depresión por médicos residentes y concurrentes de clínica médica de 5 hospitales de CABA / Review of the Knowledge on Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) for Depression Management by Resident and Intern Physicians of the Medical Clinic of 5 Hospitals in CABA

Introducción: la depresión es un trastorno cada vez más prevalente alrededor del mundo. Los médicos generales son los profesionales de la salud más consultados por pacientes deprimidos. Más del 70% de los pacientes con depresión son vistos por médicos generales y no por especialistas en Psiquiatría. Según estudios realizados en Buenos Aires, más del 25% de los pacientes internados en Servicios de Clínica Médica en hospitales generales presenta depresión. Estos pacientes suelen ser atendidos y seguidos por médicos en formación, sean residentes o concurrentes de Clínica Médica. El objetivo del trabajo fue analizar el conocimiento sobre los inhibidores selectivos de la recaptura de serotonina (ISRS) que tienen los médicos residentes y concurrentes de Clínica Médica de 5 hospitales de la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires (CABA) y describir el tratamiento de un paciente depresivo por ellos. Material y métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal con un muestreo de tipo no probabilístico. Se utilizó como instrumento de medición un cuestionario semiestructurado organizado en dos secciones, una de datos demográficos que permiten caracterizar la muestra. La otra, de 15 ítems, explora los conocimientos sobre los ISRS y el tratamiento de la depresión. Dicho cuestionario fue revisado por 4 expertos. El instrumento es anónimo. Se aplicó a 59 médicos en formación en Clínica Médica, residentes y concurrentes, de 5 hospitales de la CABA, que participaron de forma voluntaria, durante el período agosto-septiembre de 2022. Resultados: la mayoría de los médicos en formación en Clínica Médica no tratan cuadros depresivos y, ante un paciente deprimido, solicitan la evaluación por un especialista en Salud Mental. Solo un 6,8% lo medica con un antidepresivo. Más del 75% de la muestra refiere recordar los conocimientos que tiene sobre de los ISRS de la cursada de Farmacología y un 13,6 de la cursada de Psiquiatría en la Facultad de Medicina. Conclusión: se observa un conocimiento deficitario sobre los ISRS en médicos residentes y concurrentes de Clínica Médica. Se considera necesario reforzar la formación sobre depresión y manejo de antidepresivos durante la residencia/concurrencia de Clínica Médica. (AU)

Introduction: depression is an increasingly common disorder around the world. General practitioners are the most frequently consulted health professionals by depressed patients. More than 70% of all depressed patients receive treatment by general practitioners and not by psychiatric specialists. According to studies conducted in Buenos Aires, more than 25% of all patients admitted to the Clinical Services in public hospitals present depression. These patients are usually under the care and follow-up of clinical trainee physicians, residents, or interns.This study aimed to analyze the knowledge about selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) of clinical trainee residents and interns in five hospitals in the Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires (CABA) and to describe their treatment of a depressive patient. Material and methods: we conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study with a non-probabilistic sampling. We used a semi-structured questionnaire arranged into two sections as a measuring tool. One, with demographic data to describe the sample. The other, with 15 items, explores respondents' knowledge of SSRIs and the treatment of depression. Four experts reviewed the questionnaire, which was anonymous. We applied it to 59 clinical medical trainees, residents, and interns from five CABA hospitals who volunteered to participate during August-September 2022. Results: most clinical trainees do not treat depressive conditions and, when confronted with a depressed patient, request an assessment by a Mental Health specialist. Only 6.8% medicate the patient with an antidepressant. More than 75% of the sample reported remembering their knowledge of SSRIs from the Pharmacology course and 13.6% from the Psychiatry course at the School of Medicine. Conclusion: there is a deficient knowledge about SSRIs in trainee residents and interns of Clínica Médica. We believe it is necessary to reinforce training on depression and management of antidepressants during residency/internship practice in Clínica Médica. (AU)

Antimicrobial activity of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in bacteria and fungi: a systematic review / Atividade antimicrobiana de inibidores seletivos de recaptação de serotonina em bactérias e fungos: uma revisão sistemática

Objective: this systematic review aims to compile literature data on the antimicrobial action of Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRI). Methods: To this end, the articles in this review were searched in the PubMed database between the years 2010 to 2020, using terms found in MESH as descriptors. The PRISMA flow diagram was used to analyze the process flow of the research. Later, inclusion and exclusion criteria and eligibility for data extraction and statistical analysis were applied. Results: Thus, of 252 articles found, 13 were used for this systematic review. The period in which there were more publications was in 2016-2017. All articles demonstrated the antimicrobial activity of ISRS, such as sertraline, fluoxetine, and paroxetine, in addition to their synergistic activity with some antifungals and antibacterial. Conclusion: With this, it could be concluded that the repositioning of non-antibiotic drugs that have antimicrobial activity is a promising alternative for the scientific community and, in the future, in clinical practice

Objetivo: compilar dados da literatura sobre a ação antimicrobiana dos Inibidores Seletivos de Recaptação de Serotonina (ISRS). Métodos: os artigos desta revisão foram pesquisados na base de dados PubMed, entre os anos de 2010 a 2020, utilizando, como descritores, termos encontrados no MESH. O fluxograma PRISMA foi utilizado para analisar o fluxo do processo da pesquisa. Posteriormente, foram aplicados os critérios de inclusão e exclusão e de elegibilidade para extração de dados e análise estatística. Resultados: dos 252 artigos encontrados, 13 foram utilizados para esta revisão sistemática. O período em que houve mais publicações foi em 2016-2017. Todos os artigos demonstraram a atividade antimicrobiana do ISRS, como sertralina, fluoxetina e paroxetina, além de sua atividade sinérgica com alguns antifúngicos e antibacterianos. Conclusão: o reposicionamento de medicamentos não antibióticos que possuam atividade antimicrobiana é uma alternativa promissora para a comunidade científica e, futuramente, na prática clínica.

Impacto del tratamiento de adultos mayores con ISRS y su relación con los tratamientos odontológicos / The impact of treating older adults with SSRI and its relationship with dental treatments

La población mayor de 60 años es el grupo etario de mayor crecimiento en el mundo. Debido a que la depresión es una patología frecuente en la persona adulta mayor y anciana, los inhibidores de la recap- tación de la serotonina (ISRS) son el tratamiento de primera línea de elección. Este trabajo referencia la asociación del consumo de estos fármacos con la disminución de la densidad ósea mineral (DMO), el riesgo de fracturas y su repercusión en la atención odontológica. Además, incluye una breve descripción de la homeostasis ósea y la relación depresión-carga alostática. El trabajo interdisciplinario y una correcta anamnesis pueden detectar posibles complicaciones y riesgos vinculados con este tipo de medicamen- tos. Ello facilitaría un mejor manejo, más aún en el adulto mayor, donde una pequeña variable puede repercutir en su integridad (AU)

The population over 60 is the fastest growing age group in the world. Depression is a frequent pathology in the elderly and the elderly, with serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) being the 1st line treatment of choice. The association of the consumption of this drug with a decrease in bone mineral density (BMD), risk of fractures and its impact on dental care are referenced in this work. In addition, it includes a brief description of bone homeostasis and the depression-allostatic load relationship. Interdisciplinary work and a correct anamnesis can detect possible complications and risks linked to this type of medication, facilitating better management and even more so in the elderly, where a small variable can affect their integrity (AU)

Para el abordaje de depresión en adolescentes: guía de práctica clínica / For the management of depression in adolescents: clinical practice guideline

Generar recomendaciones basadas en la mejor evidencia disponible acerca de la entrega de respecto a la pesquisa, diagnóstico y tratamiento de adolescentes con depresión. Adolescentes sospecha o diagnóstico de depresión, que reciben atención en el nivel primario, secundario y terciario de salud en el sector público y privado de salud. Todos los profesionales de salud con responsabilidades en la atención de adolescentes con depresión. Las recomendaciones de esta Guía fueron elaboradas de acuerdo al sistema "Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation" (GRADE). Luego de priorizadas las preguntas a responder, se realizó la búsqueda y la síntesis de evidencia, para finalmente generar las recomendaciones a través del juicio del Panel de Expertos.

The effectiveness of melissa officinalis l. Versus citalopram on quality of life of menopausal women with sleep disorder: a randomized double-blind clinical trial

Abstract Objective The present study aimed to assess the effect of Melissa Officinalis L. (a combination of lemon balm with fennel fruit extract) compared with citalopram and placebo on the quality of life of postmenopausal women with sleep disturbance. Methods The present study is a randomized, double-blind, placebo clinical trial among 60 postmenopausal women with sleep disturbance who were referred to a university hospital from 2017 to 2019. The participants were randomized to receive M. Officinalis L. (500 mg daily), citalopram (30 mg) or placebo once daily for 8 weeks. The Menopause-Specific Quality of Life (MENQOL) questionnaire was self-completed by each participant at baseline and after 8 weeks of the intervention and was compared between groups. Results The mean for all MENQOL domain scores were significantly improved in the M. Officinalis L. group compared with citalopram and placebo (p < 0.001). The mean ± standard deviation (SD) after 8 weeks in the M. Officinalis L., citalopram and placebo groups was 2.2 ± 0.84 versus 0.56 ± 0.58 versus 0.36 ± 0.55 in the vasomotor (p < 0.001), 1.02 ± 0.6 versus 0.28 ± 0.2 versus 0.17 ± 0.1 in the psychomotor-social (p < 0.001), 0.76 ± 0.4 versus 0.25 ± 0.1 versus 0.11 ± 0.1 in the physical and 2.3 ± 1.0 versus 0.35 ± 0.5 versus 0.41 ± 0.5 in the sexual domain, respectively. Conclusions The results revealed that M. Officinalis L. may be recommended for improving the quality of life of menopausal women with sleep disturbance. Trial registration The present study was registered by the name "Comparison of the efficacy of citalopram and compound of Asperugo procumbens and foeniculum vulgare in treatment of menopausal disorders" with the code IRCT2013072714174N1 in the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT).

Progressão da lesão periapical em animais sob condições de estresse e modulação inflamatória através de bloqueador adrenérgico e inibidor seletivo da recaptação da serotonina / Progression of periapical lesion in animals under stress conditions and inflammatory modulation through adrenergic blocker and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor

O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar os efeitos do estresse crônico sobre a periodontite apical (PA) induzida em ratos, e avaliar os efeitos do uso da Fluoxetina (antidepressivo da classe dos inibidores da recaptação de serotonina) e do Propranolol (bloqueador beta-adrenérgico), associados ou não, na modulação inflamatória e na reabsorção óssea periapical de ratos estressados. Foram utilizados 40 ratos divididos em cinco grupos: Grupo controle não-estressado (NS); Grupo controle estressado com administração de solução fisiológica (SS); Grupo estressado com administração de Fluoxetina (SF); Grupo estressado com administração de Propranolol (SP); Grupo estressado com administração de Fluoxetina e Propranolol (SFP). Os animais dos grupos estressados foram submetidos ao protocolo de estresse crônico imprevisível durante 6 semanas e as respectivas medicações foram administradas diariamente, via gavagem, ao longo de todo o período experimental. A PA foi induzida em todos os grupos após 21 dias do início do protocolo de estresse e ao final da 6ª semana, os animais foram eutanasiados e as hemimandíbulas e hemimaxilas removidas. Posteriormente foram realizadas as seguintes análises: a) da massa corporal; b) dos níveis séricos de corticosterona por radioimunoensaio; c) dos níveis séricos hormonais e inflamatórios por ensaio Multiplex; e) histomorfométrica por coloração com hematoxilina e eosina; f) da estrutura óssea periapical através de microtomografia computadorizada (micro-CT); g) da expressão gênica de biomarcadores relacionados à atividade osteoclástica, citocinas inflamatórias e metaloproteinases na região periapical por RT-PCR. Ao final do experimento os animais estressados apresentaram menor ganho de massa corporal, níveis séricos de ACTH significativamente mais altos, atividade inflamatória mais intensa e maiores volumes de lesão periapical quando comparados aos animais do grupo controle NS. Os grupos tratados SF, SP e SFP apresentaram menores volumes de lesão periapical quando comparados ao grupo controle SS, e o grupo SP apresentou menor intensidade do infiltrado inflamatório. O teste de RT-PCR mostrou maior expressão de RANKL e TRAP no grupo controle SS, bem como maior expressão de IL-6, IL-10 e IL-17 e MMP-8 quando comparado ao grupo controle NS. Na comparação em relação ao grupo controle SS, o grupo SF apresentou maior expressão de OPG, e menor expressão de IL-6 e IL-17; o grupo SP apresentou maior expressão de OPG e menor expressão de IL-6, IL-10, IL-17, MMP-8 e MMP-13, e o grupo SFP apresentou menor expressão de RANKL, TRAP, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17, MMP-8 e MMP-13. Foi concluído que o estresse crônico influenciou negativamente a patogênese da PA e ambos os medicamentos avaliados, bem como sua associação, tiveram efeitos positivos na prevenção da perda óssea e modulação inflamatória.

The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of chronic stress on induced apical periodontitis (AP) in rats, and to evaluate the effects of the use of fluoxetine (antidepressant known as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor), and of Propranolol (beta-adrenergic blocker), associated or not, in inflammatory modulation and periapical bone resorption in stressed rats. Forty rats were divided into five groups: Unstressed control group (NS); Stressed control group with saline solution administration (SS); Stressed group with administration of Fluoxetine (SF); Stressed group with administration of Propranolol (SP); Stressed group with administration of Fluoxetine and Propranolol (SFP). The animals in the stressed groups were submitted to the unpredictable chronic stress paradigm for 6 weeks and the respective medications were administered daily, via gavage, throughout the entire experimental period. AP was induced in all groups, 21 days after the beginning of the stress paradigm, and at the end of the 6th week, the animals were euthanized and the hemi-mandibles removed for the following analyses: a) body weight b) serum corticosterone levels by radioimmunoassay; c) hormone and inflammatory serum levels by Multiplex assay; e) histomorphometric staining with hematoxylin and eosin; f) the periapical bone structure through computerized microtomography; g) gene expression related to osteoclastic activity, inflammatory cytokines and metalloproteinases in the periapical region by RT-PCR. At the end of the experiment, the stressed animals showed lower body weight gain, significantly higher levels of ACTH, more intense inflammatory infiltrate and higher volumes of periapical lesion when compared to animals in the NS control group. The treated groups SF, SP and SFP had smaller volumes of periapical lesion when compared to the SS control group and the SP group had lower intensity of inflammatory infiltrate. The RT-PCR test showed higher expression of RANKL and TRAP in the stressed control group, as well as higher expression of IL-6, IL-10, IL-17 and MMP-8 when compared to the NS control group. In comparison with the SS control group, the SF group showed higher expression of OPG, and lower expression of IL-6 and IL-17; the SP group showed higher expression of OPG and lower expression of IL-6, IL-10, IL-17, MMP-8 and MMP-13 and the SFP group showed lower expression of RANKL, TRAP, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17, MMP-8 and MMP-13. It was concluded that chronic stress negatively influenced the pathogenesis of apical periodontitis and both medications evaluated, as well as its association, had positive effects in preventing bone loss and inflammatory modulation.

Assessment of sleep quality of patients with panic disorder and generalized anxiety disorder during remission: a case-control study

Abstract Background Sleep disorders are common in psychiatric diseases. Panic disorder (PD) and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) are two major anxiety disorders that are associated with sleep disorders. Objective We hypothesized that poor sleep quality continues in PD and GAD during remission. Therefore, in this study we aimed to compare the sleep quality of patients with PD and GAD to that of healthy controls. Methods The study included patients with PD (n = 42) and GAD (n = 40) who had been in remission for at least 3 months and healthy control volunteers (n = 45). The patients were administered the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Results The total PSQI scores of the GAD group were significantly increased in comparison to those of the PD (p = 0.009) and control (p < 0.001) groups. The rate of poor sleep quality in GAD during remission (77.5%) was greater than that of the PD (47.6%) and control (51.1%) groups (p = 0.011). Discussion GAD is a chronic and recurrent disease. In this study, it was found that the deterioration in sleep quality of patients with GAD may continue during remission. In the follow-up and treatment of patients, it is appropriate to question about sleep symptoms and to plan interventions according to these symptoms.

El vínculo inflamatorio entre la enfermedad coronaria y la depresión / Inflammation as a common pathogenic factor in coronary artery disease and depression

A narrative review of the evidence regarding the role of inflammation in the pathophysiology of coronary heart disease and depression is presented. As a common pathogenic factor, inflammation could explain the frequent association of both diseases. We discuss the benefit of exercise and diet modifications in both conditions and the effectiveness and safety of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. Finally, we recommend screening for depressive symptoms in coronary patients and the search of cardiovascular risk factors in people with depression.

Hepatotoxicidad grave inducida por sertralina / Sertraline-induced severe hepatotoxicity

We report the case of a 19-year-old patient, with a history of traumatic liver damage, but with a normal liver profile at her first discharge; 1 month after the event, with post-traumatic stress disorder, treatment with 25 mg of sertraline was started every day; one month later, she develops severe hepatotoxicity without a specific etiology. According to the Naranjo algorithm, it is attributed as a probable case of sertraline hepatotoxicity. Management is carried out with support measures and suspension of the medication, and the patient recovers until she is asymptomatic, currently has normal liver tests

Reportamos el caso de una paciente de 19 años, con antecedentes de daño hepático traumático, pero con un perfil hepático normal en su primer alta; después de 1 mes del evento, con trastorno de estrés postraumático se inició tratamiento con 25 mg diarios de sertralina; un mes después, desarrolla una hepatotoxicidad severa sin etiología determinada. De acuerdo con el algoritmo de Naranjo, se atribuye como caso probable de hepatotoxicidad por sertralina. El manejo se realiza con medidas de apoyo y suspensión del medicamento, y la paciente se recupera hasta que se encuentra asintomática, actualmente tiene pruebas hepáticas normales

Recurrent sleep paralysis - fear of sleeping / Paralisia do sono recorrente - medo de dormir

ABSTRACT Objective: To report a case of recurrent isolated sleep paralysis (RISP), a benign parasomnia with worrisome and frightening sleep paralysis episodes. Case description: We describe a case of RISP in a sixteen-year-old girl who seeks medical attention for anxiety symptoms. The sleep paralysis and associated auditory and tactile hallucinations began three years before with worsening in the last year, causing fear of sleeping. The episodes were intensely frightening causing negative impact in patient's sleep, school performance and social function. Medical conditions were excluded, and she started treatment with a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor with complete resolution of symptoms. Comments: Sleep complaints are often devalued. Therefore, clinicians should actively ask their patients about their sleep during health assessment.

RESUMO Objetivo: Relatar um caso de paralisia do sono isolada e recorrente (PSIR), uma parassonia benigna com episódios inquietantes e assustadores de paralisia do sono. Descrição do caso: Descreve-se um caso de PSIR de uma adolescente de dezesseis anos que buscou cuidados médicos devido a sintomas de ansiedade. A paralisia do sono e as alucinações auditivas e táteis associadas haviam começado três anos antes, com agravamento no último ano, causando medo de dormir. Os episódios eram extremamente perturbadores, gerando um impacto negativo no sono, desempenho escolar e vida social da paciente. Condições médicas foram excluídas e começou um tratamento com um inibidor seletivo da recaptação de serotonina, com resolução completa dos sintomas. Comentários: Queixas relacionadas ao sono são frequentemente subvalorizadas. Portanto, os médicos devem perguntar aos seus pacientes sobre problemas relacionados com o sono durante a avaliação clínica.

Effects of sertraline in the prevention of low blood pressure in patients undergoing hemodialysis / Efeitos da sertralina na prevenção de hipotensão arterial em pacientes submetidos à hemodiálise

Abstract Introduction: Intradialytic hypotension (IDH) is a major complication of hemodialysis, with a prevalence of about 25% during hemodialysis sessions, causing increased morbidity and mortality. Objective: To study the effects of sertraline to prevent IDH in hemodialysis patients. Methods: This was a double-blind, crossover clinical trial comparing the use of sertraline versus placebo to reduce intradialytic hypotension. Results: Sixteen patients completed the two phases of the study during a 12-week period. The IDH prevalence was 32%. A comparison between intradialytic interventions, intradialytic symptoms, and IDH episodes revealed no statistical difference in the reduction of IDH episodes (p = 0.207) between the two intervention groups. However, the risk of IDH interventions was 60% higher in the placebo group compared to the sertraline group, and the risk of IDH symptoms was 40% higher in the placebo group compared to the sertraline group. Survival analysis using Kaplan-Meier estimator supported the results of this study. Sertraline presented a number needed to treat (NNT) of 16.3 patients to prevent an episode from IDH intervention and 14.2 patients to prevent an episode from intradialytic symptoms. Conclusion: This study suggests that the use of sertraline may be beneficial to reduce the number of symptoms and ID interventions, although there was no statistically significant difference in the blood pressure levels.

Resumo Introdução: A hipotensão intradialítica (HID) é uma das principais complicações da hemodiálise, com uma prevalência de cerca de 25% durante as sessões de hemodiálise, causando aumento da morbimortalidade. Objetivo: Estudar os efeitos da sertralina na prevenção da HID em pacientes em hemodiálise. Métodos: Este foi um ensaio clínico duplo-cego, cruzado, comparando o uso de sertralina versus placebo para reduzir a hipotensão intradialítica. Resultados: Dezesseis pacientes completaram as duas fases do estudo durante um período de 12 semanas. A prevalência de HID foi de 32%. Uma comparação entre intervenções intradialíticas, sintomas intradialíticos (ID) e episódios de HID não revelou diferença estatística na redução dos episódios de HID (p = 0,207) entre os dois grupos de intervenção. No entanto, o risco de intervenções para HID foi 60% maior no grupo placebo em comparação com o grupo Sertralina, e o risco de sintomas ID foi 40% maior no grupo placebo em comparação com o grupo Sertralina. A análise de sobrevida utilizando o estimador de Kaplan-Meier corroborou os resultados deste estudo. A sertralina apresentou um número necessário para tratar (NNT) de 16,3 pacientes para prevenir um episódio de intervenção de HID e 14,2 pacientes para prevenir um episódio de sintomas intradialíticos. Conclusão: Este estudo sugere que o uso de sertralina pode ser benéfico para reduzir o número de sintomas e intervenções de HID, embora não tenha havido diferença estatisticamente significante nos níveis pressóricos.

La depresión: un desafío en la práctica médica general / La depresión: un desafío en la práctica médica general

Asociada o no a una enfermedad orgánica, la depresión tiene gran prevalencia en la práctica médica pero es subdiagnosticada. El trastorno del ánimo suele coexistir con variadas quejas somáticas y dolores crónicos, configurando síndromes mixtos con un diagnóstico diferencial complejo. En este artículo se describen distintas presentaciones clínicas de la depresión en medicina general, con énfasis en los estados depresivos atípicos, depresiones enmascaradas muy relevantes por su frecuencia y consecuencias: depresión posquirúrgica, cuadros dolorosos crónicos como cefaleas o lumbago, la fatiga crónica y la fibromialgia. Solo el reconocimiento y diagnóstico de la depresión subyacente posibilitará la implementación de las adecuadas intervenciones terapéuticas. Se revisan también algunas recomendaciones para el uso de antidepresivos en atención primaria y la eventual consulta psiquiátrica. (AU)

Associated or not with an organic disease, depression has a high prevalence in medical practice but is underdiagnosed. The mood disorder usually coexists with varied somatic complaints and chronic pain, forming mixed syndromes with a complex differential diagnosis. This article describes different clinical presentations of depression in general medicine, with emphasis on atypical depressive states, masked depressions very relevant for their frequency and consequences: post-surgical depression, chronic painful conditions such as headaches or lumbago, chronic fatigue and fibromyalgia. Only the recognition and diagnosis of the underlying depression will enable the implementation of appropriate therapeutic interventions. Some recommendations for the use of antidepressant drugs in primary care and the eventual psychiatric consultation are also reviewed. (AU)

Trastorno de excoriación en una mujer con panarteritis nudosa. Reporte de caso / Skin Picking Disorder in a Woman with Polyarteritis Nodosa. Case Report

RESUMEN Introducción: El trastorno por excoriación está incluido en el DSM - 5 dentro de la categoría Recibido el 4 de abril de 2017 de trastorno obsesivo compulsivo y trastornos relacionados. Se define como la urgencia Aceptado el 18 de marzo de 2018 de tocar, rascar, frotar, restregar, friccionar, apretar, morder o excavar la piel de forma On-line el 7 de mayo de 2018 recurrente hasta producirse lesiones cutáneas. Es un trastorno poco frecuente (1.4 - 5.4% de la población) y se presenta principalmente en mujeres. Presentación de caso: Se presenta el caso de una mujer de 31 años quien fue valorada por dermatología y ortopedia por presencia de lesiones ulceradas e infectadas en miembros inferiores, junto con otras lesiones superficiales por rascado en tórax, brazos, antebrazos, espalda y cabeza; además reportando síntomas ansiosos, razón por la cual es valorada por el servicio de Psiquiatría de enlace Discusión: El rascado cutáneo, conducta normal en los mamíferos, cobra valor patológico desde el punto de vista psiquiátrico al ser un acto repetitivo y persistente, como la conducta que se presenta en el trastorno por excoriación. Dada la relación descrita con el espectro obsesivo - compulsivo, se recomienda el uso de inhibidores selectivos de la recaptación de serotonina y la terapia cognitivo conductual.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Excoriation (skin picking) disorder is included in the DSM-5 in the obsessive compulsive and related disorders category. It is defined as the recurrent urge to touch, scratch, scrape, scrub, rub, squeeze, bite or dig in the skin, leading to skin lesions. It is a rare disorder (1.4-5.4% of the population) and occurs mainly in women. Case report: this article reports the case of a 31-year-old female patient, initially assessed by dermatology and orthopaedics for the presence of infected ulcerated lesions on her lower limbs, with other superficial lesions from scratching on her chest, arms, forearms, back and head. The patient also reported symptoms of anxiety, so was assessed by consultation-liaison psychiatry. Discussion: skin picking, normal behaviour in mammals, becomes pathological from a psychiatric point of view when it is repetitive and persistent, as in the case of excoriation disorder. In view of the reported relationship with the obsessive-compulsive spectrum, use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and cognitive behavioural therapy are recommended.

Which of available selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) is more effective in treatment of premature ejaculation? A randomized clinical trial

ABSTRACT Purpose: To compare the efficacy and safety of available selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) in order to find the most effective drug with the least number of side effects in treatment of premature ejaculation (PE). Materials and Methods: This study was a randomized clinical trial. Four hundred and eighty patients with PE in the 4 groups referred to Imam Reza hospital Tehran, Iran from July 2018 to February 2019 were enrolled in the study. The patients received sertraline 50mg, fluoxetine 20mg, paroxetine 20mg and citalopram 20mg, every 12 hours daily. The intravaginal ejaculatory latency time (IELT) before treatment, fourth and eighth weeks after treatment was recorded by the patient's wife with a stopwatch. Results: Mean IELT before, 4 and 8 weeks after treatment in four groups were: sertraline 69.4±54.3, 353.5±190.4, 376.3±143.5; fluoxetine 75.5±64.3, 255.4±168.2, 314.8±190.4; paroxetine 71.5±69.1, 320.7±198.3, 379.9±154.3; citalopram 90.39±79.3, 279.9±192.1, 282.5±171.1 seconds, respectively. The ejaculation time significantly increased in all groups (p <0.05), but there was no significant difference between the groups (P=0.75). Also, there was no significant difference in drugs side effects between groups (p >0.05). The most common side effects were drowsiness and dyspepsia, which were not severe enough to cause discontinuation of the drug. Conclusions: All available SSRIs were effective and usually had no serious complications. In patients who did not respond to any of these drugs, other SSRI drugs could be used as a salvage therapy.

Mareo postural perceptual persistente: la causa más frecuente de mareo crónico es fácil de tratar / Persistent postural-perceptual dizziness: the most frequent cause of chronic dizziness is easy to manage

RESUMEN Los trastornos vestibulares funcionales se constituyen como una de las causas más frecuentes de consulta por vértigo y trastornos del equilibrio. El mareo postural perceptual persistente (MPPP) es un síndrome recientemente definido, enmarcado en la categoría de síndromes vestibulares crónicos, que agrupa trastornos vestibulares funcionales crónicos como el vértigo postural fóbico, el malestar con el movimiento espacial, el vértigo visual y el mareo subjetivo crónico. El MPPP se manifiesta por síntomas de mareo, inestabilidad y/o vértigo no rotatorio, persistentes, exacerbados por cambios posturales, movimientos y exposición a distintos estímulos visuales. El tratamiento de este cuadro es más sencillo de lo que parece, basado en psicoeducación efectiva respecto a la patología como primer abordaje, adicionando o no rehabilitación vestibular, uso de inhibidores selectivos de la recaptación de serotonina y/o terapia cognitivo conductual. Se presentan dos casos clínicos de pacientes diagnosticados con MPPP y su respuesta a tratamiento.

ABSTRACT Functional vestibular disorders are one of the most frequent causes of consultation due to vertigo and balance disorders. Persistent postural-perceptual dizziness (PPPD) is a recently defined syndrome, categorized as a chronic vestibular syndrome, that includes functional vestibular disorders such as phobic postural vertigo, space-motion discomfort, visual vertigo and chronic subjective dizziness. PPPD manifests with dizziness, unsteadiness and/or non-spinning vertigo, which are persistent, exacerbated by postural changes, movements and exposure to various visual stimuli. PPPD treatment is simpler than it may seem initially. It is based on effective psychoeducation related to the pathology in the first place, followed, or not, by vestibular rehabilitation, use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and/or cognitive behavioral therapy. We present two clinical cases of patients diagnosed with PPPD and their response to treatment.

Depresión en el embarazo / Depression in Pregnancy

RESUMEN Introducción: La depresión es la morbilidad psiquiátrica más común en el embarazo, y llega a afectar a más del 13% de las gestantes. Su diagnóstico se basa en los criterios establecidos por el DSM-V y la aplicación de escalas validadas como la Escala de Depresión Posnatal de Edimburgo; sin embargo, entre los profesionales de la salud aún existen errores y falencias en el reconocimiento, el diagnóstico y el tratamiento de la depresión durante el embarazo, lo que propicia las diferentes consecuencias y repercusiones para la gestación misma o el feto. Objetivo: Presentar una revisión de tema acerca de la depresión en el embarazo, sus factores de riesgo, las características clínicas, las complicaciones y el tratamiento. Métodos: Se utilizaron las bases de datos PubMed y LILACS para la búsqueda de manuscritos; de 223 artículos, 55 cumplían los criterios de inclusión. Resultados: En Sudamérica se registra una prevalencia de aproximadamente el 29%. Los factores de riesgo con mayor significación son el abuso sexual, la edad temprana al embarazo y la violencia intrafamiliar. Por ello, el diagnóstico temprano favorece la disminución en las conductas de riesgo, los trastornos del neurodesarrollo fetal y los resultados obstétricos. Conclusiones: La depresión en el embarazo es una afección frecuente; no obstante, se presenta subregistro por la atribución de los síntomas a la gestación misma. Se recomienda el uso de antidepresivos como los inhibidores de la recaptación de serotonina, especialmente la fluoxetina, que no sea ha relacionado con teratogenicidad, además de la implementación de tratamiento no farmacológico como psicoterapia, mindfulness y ejercicio aeróbico. La sensibilización del personal de salud permitirá el diagnóstico y el tratamiento adecuados de esta enfermedad.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Depression is the most common psychiatric morbidity in pregnancy, affecting more than 13% of pregnant women. Its diagnosis is based on the criteria established by the DSM-5 and the application of validated scales such as the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. However, there are still errors and shortcomings among healthcare professionals in the recognition, diagnosis and treatment of depression during pregnancy, with the resulting consequences and repercussions on the gestation itself or the foetus. Objective: To present a review of depression in pregnancy, its risk factors, clinical characteristics, complications and treatment. Methods: The PubMed and LILACS databases were used to search for manuscripts. Of the 223 articles found, 55 fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Results: The prevalence of depression in pregnancy in South America is approximately 29% and the most significant risk factors are sexual abuse, pregnancy at an early age and intrafamily violence. Therefore, early diagnosis favours a reduction in risk behaviour, foetal neurodevelopmental disorders and obstetric outcomes. Conclusions: Depression in pregnancy is common condition but is underreported as its symptoms are often attributed to the pregnancy itself. The use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor antidepressants, particularly fluoxetine, which has not been associated with teratogenicity, is recommended, in addition to the implementation of non-pharmacological treatment such as psychotherapy, mindfulness and aerobic exercise. Educating healthcare professionals will facilitate the correct diagnosis and treatment of this condition.