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1.
Braz. j. biol ; 83: e240015, 2023. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1285624

RESUMO

Abstract Zinc is an essential micronutrient that is required for optimum plant growth. It is present in soil in insoluble forms. Bacterial solubilization of soil unavailable form of Zn into available form, is an emerging approach to alleviate the Zn deficiency for plants and human beings. Zinc solubilizing bacteria (ZSB) could be a substitute for chemical Zn fertilizer. The present study aimed to isolate and characterize bacterial species from the contaminated soil and evaluate their Zn solubilizing potential. Zn resistant bacteria were isolated and evaluated for their MIC against Zn. Among the 13 isolated bacterial strains ZSB13 showed maximum MIC value upto 30mM/L. The bacterial strain with the highest resistance against Zn was selected for further analysis. Molecular characterization of ZSB13 was performed by 16S rRNA gene amplification which confirmed it as Pseudomonas oleovorans. Zn solubilization was determined through plate assay and broth medium. Four insoluble salts (zinc oxide (ZnO), zinc carbonate (ZnCO3), zinc sulphite (ZnS) and zinc phosphate (Zn3(PO4)2) were used for solubilization assay. Our results shows 11 mm clear halo zone on agar plates amended with ZnO. Likewise, ZSB13 showed significant release of Zn in broth amended with ZnCO3 (17 and 16.8 ppm) and ZnO (18.2 ppm). Furthermore, Zn resistance genes czcD was also enriched in ZSB13. In our study, bacterial strain comprising Zn solubilization potential has been isolated that could be further used for the growth enhancement of crops.


Resumo O zinco é um micronutriente essencial necessário para o crescimento ideal das plantas. Ele está presente no solo em formas insolúveis. A solubilização bacteriana da forma indisponível de Zn no solo para a forma disponível é uma abordagem emergente para aliviar a deficiência de Zn em plantas e seres humanos. Bactérias solubilizadoras de zinco (ZSB) podem ser um substituto para fertilizantes químicos de Zn. O presente estudo teve como objetivo isolar e caracterizar espécies bacterianas de solo contaminado e avaliar seu potencial de solubilização de Zn. Bactérias resistentes ao Zn foram isoladas e avaliadas quanto ao seu MIC contra o Zn. Entre as 13 cepas bacterianas isoladas, ZSB13 apresentou valor máximo de MIC de até 30 mM/L. A cepa bacteriana com maior resistência ao Zn foi selecionada para análise posterior. A caracterização molecular de ZSB13 foi realizada por amplificação do gene 16S rRNA que o confirmou como Pseudomonas oleovorans. A solubilização do Zn foi determinada através de ensaio em placa e meio caldo. Quatro sais insolúveis (óxido de zinco (ZnO), carbonato de zinco (ZnCO3), sulfito de zinco (ZnS) e fosfato de zinco (Zn3 (PO4) 2) foram usados ​​para o ensaio de solubilização. Nossos resultados mostram uma zona de halo clara de 11 mm em placas de ágar corrigidas com ZnO. Da mesma forma, ZSB13 mostrou liberação significativa de Zn em caldo alterado com ZnCO3 (17 e 16,8 ppm) e ZnO (18,2 ppm). Além disso, os genes de resistência ao Zn czcD também foram enriquecidos em ZSB13. Em nosso estudo, a cepa bacteriana compreendendo potencial de solubilização de Zn foi isolada e poderia ser usada posteriormente para o aumento do crescimento de safras.


Assuntos
Humanos , Poluentes do Solo , Pseudomonas oleovorans , Solo , Microbiologia do Solo , Zinco , RNA Ribossômico 16S/genética
2.
Braz. j. biol ; 83: e242676, 2023. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1278552

RESUMO

Abstract Trees occurring on the margins of agricultural areas can mitigate damage from residual herbicides. Rhizospheric microbial activity associated with trees is one of the main remedial capacity indicators. The objective of this study was to evaluate the rhizospheric microbiological activity in tree species subjected to the herbicides atrazine and sulfentrazone via the rhizosphere. The experiment was designed in four blocks and a 6 × 3 factorial scheme. The first factor consisted of six tree species from Brazil and the second of atrazine, sulfentrazone, and water solutions. Four herbicide applications were performed via irrigation. The total dry mass of the plants, mycorrhizal colonization, number of spores, basal respiration of the rhizospheric soil, and survival rate of bioindicator plants after phytoremediation were determined. Trichilia hirta had higher biomass when treated with atrazine and sulfentrazone. Herbicides decreased the microbial activity in Triplaris americana and did not affect the microbiological indicators of Myrsine gardneriana, Schizolobium parahyba, and Toona ciliata. Fewer bioindicator plants survived in soil with Triplaris americana and sulfentrazone. Microbiological indicators were influenced in different ways between species by the presence of herbicides in the rhizosphere.


Resumo As árvores que ocorrem nas margens das áreas agrícolas podem mitigar os danos dos herbicidas residuais. A atividade microbiana rizosférica associada às árvores é um dos principais indicadores de capacidade corretiva. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a atividade microbiológica rizosférica em espécies arbóreas submetidas aos herbicidas atrazina e sulfentrazone via rizosfera. O experimento foi estruturado em quatro blocos e esquema fatorial 6 × 3. O primeiro fator consistiu em seis espécies de árvores do Brasil e o segundo em soluções de atrazine, sulfentrazone e água. Quatro aplicações de herbicidas foram realizadas via irrigação. Foram determinados a massa seca total das plantas, colonização micorrízica, número de esporos, respiração basal do solo rizosférico e taxa de sobrevivência de plantas bioindicadoras após fitorremediação. Trichilia hirta apresentou maior biomassa quando tratada com atrazina e sulfentrazone. Os herbicidas diminuíram a atividade microbiana em Triplaris americana e não afetaram os indicadores microbiológicos de Myrsine gardneriana, Schizolobium parahyba e Toona ciliata. Menos plantas bioindicadoras sobreviveram no solo com Triplaris americana e sulfentrazone. Os indicadores microbiológicos foram influenciados de formas distintas entre as espécies pela presença dos herbicidas na rizosfera.


Assuntos
Poluentes do Solo , Micorrizas/química , Herbicidas , Solo , Microbiologia do Solo , Árvores , Brasil , Raízes de Plantas/química , Plântula , Rizosfera
3.
Braz. j. biol ; 83: e247562, 2023. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1339410

RESUMO

Abstract To investigate the role of cow dung in soil reclamation and bio assimilation along with bio accumulation of heavy metals in earthworm (P. posthuma) (N=900) earthworms were used and treatment groups of CD-soil mixture of different proportion of cow dung were designed. Nonlethal doses of lead acetate and cadmium chloride were added in treatment groups. Mature P. posthuma were released in each experimental pot maintaining the favorable conditions. The pH, carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, exchangeable cations, and heavy metal level of each mixture was evaluated. The results indicated that bio-assimilation of Pb and Cd by P. posthuma were significantly (P ˂ 0.01) higher in different soil-CD treatments compared to control. Highest bio-assimilation of both metals was observed in T1 of both groups (Pb = 563.8 mg/kg and Cd = 42.95 mg/kg). The contents of both metals were significantly (P ˂ 0.05) lowered in casting. The nutrient concentration in the final castings of all soil-CD treatments were also equally transformed from less or insoluble to more soluble and available for plants, except for carbon level which increased with CD proportion. It is concluded that cow dung as organic matter has a positive effect on soil reclamation and bio-assimilation of metals by P. posthuma.


RESUMO Para investigar o papel do esterco de vaca na recuperação do solo e bioassimilação, juntamente com a bioacumulação de metais pesados ​​em minhocas (P. posthuma) (N = 900), minhocas foram usadas e grupos de tratamento de mistura CD-solo de diferentes proporções de esterco de vaca foram projetados. Doses não letais de acetato de chumbo e cloreto de cádmio foram adicionadas aos grupos de tratamento. P. posthuma maduros foram liberados em cada vaso experimental, mantendo as condições favoráveis. Foram avaliados o pH, carbono, nitrogênio, fósforo, cátions trocáveis ​​e nível de metais pesados ​​de cada mistura. Os resultados indicaram que a bioassimilação de Pb e Cd por P. posthuma foi significativamente (P ˂ 0,01) maior em diferentes tratamentos de solo-CD em relação ao controle. A maior bioassimilação de ambos os metais foi observada em T1 de ambos os grupos (Pb = 563,8 mg / kg e Cd = 42,95 mg / kg). O conteúdo de ambos os metais foi significativamente (P ˂ 0,05) reduzido na fundição. A concentração de nutrientes nas fundições finais de todos os tratamentos de solo-CD também foi igualmente transformada de menos ou insolúvel para mais solúvel e disponível para as plantas, exceto o nível de carbono que aumenta com a proporção de CD. Conclui-se que o esterco de vaca como matéria orgânica tem um efeito positivo na recuperação do solo e na bioassimilação de metais por P. posthuma.


Assuntos
Animais , Feminino , Oligoquetos , Poluentes do Solo , Metais Pesados/análise , Solo , Cádmio , Bovinos , Bioacumulação
4.
Biosci. j. (Online) ; 38: e38071, Jan.-Dec. 2022.
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: biblio-1397073

RESUMO

Saflufenacil is a herbicide recommended for use in the main agricultural crops in Brazil to control eudicotyledonous weeds. However, the application of saflufenacil has been carried out without previous knowledge of this herbicide interactions with soil colloids, which may increase environmental contamination risks. In this study, the leaching of saflufenacil in soil samples was estimated with different organic matter contents. Therefore, PVC columns were filled with samples of Xanthic Ferralsol (XF) and Ferralsol (F), with different physical and chemical attributes. Twelve hours after herbicide (70 g i.a. ha-1) application, the PVC columns were subjected to a rainfall of 60 mm. For the evaluation of saflufenacil leaching, the columns were sectioned in ten parts with 5-cm each. Saflufenacil leached up to 50 and 40 cm deep in the samples, with the lowest contents of organic matter of XF and F, respectively. The increase in organic matter content of Ferralsol and Xanthic Ferralsol samples reduced saflufenacil leaching and the symptoms of intoxication in the indicator species. There was an inverse relation between the content of organic matter and the leaching of the herbicide in both soils studied. It was observed that the application of saflufenacil in soils with low organic matter contents may represent a significant environmental contamination risk of soils and watercourses.


Assuntos
Poluentes do Solo , Percolação , Herbicidas/efeitos adversos
5.
Braz. j. biol ; 82: e237604, 2022. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1285586

RESUMO

This study goal to evaluate the effects of different concentrations of lead (Pb) and silver (Ag) on germination, initial growth and anatomical alterations of Lactuca sativa L. Plants use various mechanisms to reduce the impacts caused by anthropic action, such as xenobiotic elements of soils and water contaminated by heavy metals. These metals were supplied as lead nitrate and silver nitrate and the following treatments were established: control for both metals, maximum dose of heavy metals, for arable soils, allowed by the National Council of the Environment (Ag = 25 mg. Kg-1, Pb = 180 mg. Kg-1), double (Ag = 50 mg. Kg-1, Pb = 360 mg. Kg-1) and triple (Ag = 75 mg. Kg-1, Pb = 540 mg. Kg -1) of this dosage. Vigor and germination tests of the seeds and possible anatomical changes in the leaves and roots of lettuce plants were performed. The species showed a high capacity to germinate under Pb and Ag stress, and the germination was never completely inhibited; however, the germination decreased with increasing Pb concentrations, but not under Ag stress. The use of increasing doses of metals reduced seed vigor and increased chlorophyll content. An increase in biomass was also observed in plants from treatments submitted to Pb. The phytotoxic effects of metals were more pronounced at 15 days after sowing. Anatomically, L. sativa was influenced by metal concentrations, and had a reduction of up to 79.9% in root epidermis thickness at the highest Pb concentration, although some structures did not suffer significant changes. The results suggest that L. sativa presents tolerance to high concentrations of heavy metals, showing possible mechanisms to overcome the stress caused by these metals. In this research lettuce possibly used the mechanism of exclusion of metals retaining Pb and Ag in the roots preserving the photosynthetic apparatus in the aerial part of the plants. In general, the chemical element Pb was more toxic than Ag, in these experimental conditions.


Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar os efeitos de diferentes concentrações de chumbo (Pb) e prata (Ag) na germinação, crescimento inicial e alterações anatômicas de Lactuca sativa L. As plantas utilizam vários mecanismos para reduzir os impactos causados pela ação antrópica, como elementos xenobióticos de solos e água contaminada por metais pesados. Esses metais foram fornecidos como nitrato de chumbo e nitrato de prata e foram estabelecidos os seguintes tratamentos: controle para ambos os metais, dose máxima de metais pesados, para solos cultiváveis, permitida pelo Conselho Nacional do Meio Ambiente (Ag = 25mg.Kg-1, Pb = 180mg.Kg-1), dobro (Ag = 50mg.Kg-1, Pb = 360mg.Kg-1) e triplo (Ag = 75mg.Kg-1, Pb = 540 mg.Kg -1) desta dosagem. Foram realizados testes de vigor e germinação das sementes e possíveis alterações anatômicas nas folhas e raízes das plantas de alface. A espécie apresentou alta capacidade de germinar sob estresse de Ag e Pb, e a germinação nunca foi completamente inibida; entretanto, a germinação diminuiu com o aumento das concentrações de Pb, mas não sob estresse de Ag. O uso de doses crescentes dos metais, reduziu o vigor das sementes e aumentou o teor de clorofila. Também foi observado aumento da biomassa nas plantas a partir dos tratamentos submetidos ao Pb. Os efeitos fitotóxicos dos metais foram mais acentuados aos 15 dias após a semeadura. Anatomicamente, L. sativa foi influenciada pelas concentrações de metais, e teve uma redução de até 79,9% na espessura da epiderme radicular na maior concentração de Pb, embora algumas estruturas não tenham sofrido alterações significativas. Os resultados sugerem que L. sativa apresenta tolerância a altas concentrações de metais pesados, mostrando possíveis mecanismos para superar o estresse causado por esses metais. Nesta pesquisa a alface possivelmente utilizou o mecanismo de exclusão de metais retendo Pb e Ag nas raízes preservando o aparato fotossintético na parte aérea das plantas. De forma geral o elemento químico Pb se mostrou mais tóxico que Ag, nestas condições experimentais.


Assuntos
Poluentes do Solo/toxicidade , Metais Pesados/análise , Metais Pesados/toxicidade , Nitrato de Prata , Solo , Alface , Chumbo/toxicidade , Nitratos/toxicidade
6.
Braz. j. biol ; 82: e246979, 2022. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1278466

RESUMO

The influence of pharmaceutical residues and heavy metals on living organisms has received global attention. The present study assessed the interactive effect of antibiotic residues and heavy metals in soil, as contaminated food with cadmium (Cd) and oxytetracycline (OTC) on the isopod Porcellio leavis. It was fed on fresh plant leaves contaminated with different concentrations of cadmium, Cd+OTC1000 ppm, Cd+OTC2000 ppm and Cd+OTC3000 ppm for 4 weeks. The changes in the feeding patterns, protein, lipid peroxidation (LPO), catalase activity (CAT), and total free amino acids (TFAA) were recorded. There were significant differences in the obtained results where Cd reduced the egestion ratio (ER) however, OTC enhanced this ratio. Biochemical analysis illustrated that combination between OTC and Cd inhibits the toxic effects of Cd at low concentration (1000 ppm), while at high concentration (3000 ppm) raise the toxicity. Detailed studies are required for further understanding of the interaction between OTC and heavy metals, and also its impact on soil animals and for improving soil risk evaluation.


A influência de resíduos farmacêuticos e metais pesados em organismos vivos tem recebido atenção global. O presente estudo avaliou o efeito de resíduos de antibióticos e metais pesados no solo, como alimentos contaminados com cádmio (Cd) e oxitetraciclina (OTC), sobre o isópode Porcellio laevis, o qual foi alimentado com folhas frescas de plantas contaminadas com diferentes concentrações de cádmio, Cd + OTC1000 ppm, Cd + OTC2000 ppm e Cd + OTC3000 ppm, por quatro semanas. As mudanças nos padrões de alimentação, proteína, peroxidação lipídica (LPO), atividade da catalase (CAT) e aminoácidos livres totais (TFAA) foram registradas. Houve diferenças significativas nos resultados obtidos, em que o Cd reduziu a taxa de excreção (ER), no entanto o OTC aumentou essa proporção. A análise bioquímica mostrou que a combinação entre OTC e Cd inibe os efeitos tóxicos do Cd em baixa concentração (1.000 ppm), enquanto, em alta concentração (3.000 ppm), aumenta a toxicidade. Estudos detalhados são necessários para uma maior compreensão da interação entre OTC e metais pesados, e seu impacto sobre os animais do solo, bem como para melhorar a avaliação de risco do solo.


Assuntos
Animais , Oxitetraciclina/toxicidade , Poluentes do Solo/toxicidade , Metais Pesados/análise , Isópodes , Solo , Cádmio/toxicidade
7.
Braz. j. biol ; 81(4): 1030-1035, Oct.-Dec. 2021. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: biblio-1153419

RESUMO

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of sheep manure in agricultural soils on the behavior of Folsomia candida and initial growth and development of Avena sativa. For this, an Oxisol was submitted to different doses of sheep manure and was subsequently evaluated for Folsomia candida survival and avoidance behavior through standardized ecotoxicological assays, the initial performance of oats by germination test and the soil basal respiration rate by respirometry methodology. There was an increase in the basal respiration rate of the soil by the application of sheep manure and this was consistent with the increase of the doses. The survival rate and avoidance behavior of springtails were not altered and there was no change in the initial performance of oats, indicating that this manure can be used for organic fertilization of soils with low soil pollutant potential.


Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os efeitos do esterco de ovelha em solos agrícolas no comportamento de Folsomia candida e no crescimento e desenvolvimento inicial de Avena sativa. Para isso, um Latossolo foi submetido a diferentes doses de esterco de ovelha e posteriormente avaliado quanto ao comportamento de fuga e a sobrevivência de Folsomia candida por meio de ensaios ecotoxicológicos padronizados, desempenho inicial da aveia pelo teste de germinação e taxa respiratória basal do solo pela metodologia da respirometria. Houve um aumento na taxa de respiração basal do solo pela aplicação de esterco de ovelha e isso foi consistente com o aumento das doses. A taxa de sobrevivência e o comportamento de fuga dos colêmbolos não foram alterados e não houve alteração no desempenho inicial da aveia, indicando que esse esterco pode ser usado para fertilização orgânica de solos com baixo potencial poluente no solo.


Assuntos
Animais , Artrópodes , Poluentes do Solo , Solo , Ovinos , Avena , Crescimento e Desenvolvimento , Esterco
8.
Braz. j. biol ; 81(2): 398-405, 2021. tab, graf, ilus
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1153348

RESUMO

Continuous occurrence of heavy metals is a major cause of environmental pollution due to its toxic effects. At minimum concentrations, these metals are highly reactive and can gather in the food chains and food web, causing major dangers to public health concerns. Soil samples were collected from Paharang drain, Faisalabad. Cadmium tolerant bacteria were isolated and evaluated for their MIC against Cd. The isolated bacterial strain GCFSD01 showed MIC value upto 30 mM/L. The bacterial strain with the highest resistance against Cd was selected for further study. Molecular characterization of bacterial isolate GCFSD01 was performed by 16S rRNA which confirmed it as Bacillus cereus. Optimum growth conditions of bacterial strain were also evaluated. Strain GCFSD01 showed optimum growth at pH 7 and 37 °C temperature. Our result revealed that B. cereus strain GCFSD01 reduced 61.3% Cd after 48 hrs. Multiple metal tolerance and Cd reduction by B. cereus indicate its potential for further use for decontamination of polluted soil.


A ocorrência contínua de metais pesados é uma das principais causas de poluição ambiental devido aos seus efeitos tóxicos. A contaminação por metais pesados representa um grande risco para todas as formas de vida encontradas no meio ambiente. Em concentrações mínimas, esses metais são altamente reativos e podem se acumular nas cadeias alimentares e na cadeia alimentar, causando grandes perigos às preocupações com a saúde pública. Amostras de solo foram coletadas no esgoto de Paharang, Faisalabad. Bactérias tolerantes ao cádmio foram isoladas da amostra coletada pelo método da placa de ágar. As colônias separadas individuais selecionadas foram avaliadas quanto às suas concentrações inibitórias mínimas contra Cd. A cepa bacteriana isolada GCFSD01 apresentou valores de CIM de 30 mM/L. A colônia bacteriana que apresentou maior resistência contra o Cd foi selecionada para identificação. Após seleção da maior colônia bacteriana resistente ao Cd, coloração de Gram e diferentes testes bioquímicos foram realizados para a caracterização da bactéria isolada. A caracterização molecular do isolado bacteriano GCFSD01 foi realizada por PCR 16S rRNA confirmando a presença de Bacillus cereus. Após a identificação molecular, as condições ótimas de crescimento da cepa bacteriana também foram verificadas. A cepa GCFSD01 apresentou crescimento ótimo em pH 7 e temperatura de 37 °C. Nosso resultado revelou que a cepa de B. cereus GCFSD01 reduziu 61,3% de Cd após 48 horas. A tolerância a múltiplos metais e a redução de Cd por B. cereus indicam seu potencial para uso posterior na descontaminação do solo poluído.


Assuntos
Poluentes do Solo/toxicidade , Bacillus cereus/genética , Cádmio/toxicidade , Efluentes Industriais/efeitos adversos , Metais Pesados/análise , Solo , Microbiologia do Solo , Biodegradação Ambiental , RNA Ribossômico 16S/genética
9.
VozAndes ; 31(1): 38-41, 2020.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1118250

RESUMO

La uncinariasis es endémica en zonas tropicales. Es común en preescolares y escolares pero infrecuente en lactantes antes de los 6 meses debido al mecanismo de transmisión que implica contacto de la piel con el suelo contaminado. La infección se caracteriza por anemia ferropénica secundaria a sangrado digestivo crónico. Una forma inusual de presentación es el sangrado digestivo masivo que causa anemia severa. Presentación del caso: Niña shuar de 4 meses sin antecedentes patológicos, referida del Hospital General Puyo por un cuadro de melenas de 3 meses de evolución. Al mes de edad inició con deposiciones melénicas ocasionales y palidez que empeoraron dos semanas antes del ingreso. Se apreció palidez generalizada, hipoactividad y edema en miembros inferiores. Presentó hemoglobina 2,8 g/dL, hematocrito 9%, volumen corpuscular medio 73 fl, ancho de distribución de eritrocitos 18%, reticulocitos 1% y eosinófilos 4%. El coprológico y coproparasitario reportaron heces alquitranosas, sangre positiva y huevos de uncinarias más Kato-Katz compatible con intensidad de infección moderada. Se diagnosticó anemia severa por sangrado digestivo secundario a uncinarias. Se trató con Albendazol 400 mg vía oral en una toma más transfusión sanguínea. A los 5 días mejoró la hemoglobina y disminuyó el edema. Las melenas cesaron. Se dió el alta para control ambulatorio. Conclusión: La uncinariasis es una enfermedad endémica cuya presencia e impacto en lactantes se ha subestimado pues no es considerada como causa de sangrado digestivo. Debe pensarse en esta parasitosis en contextos de zonas endémicas en niños que cumplan un perfil clínico similar al descrito


Hookworms are endemic nematodes from tropical regions. Infection is more common in preschool and school children, but it is less frequent in infants under 6 months, because of the transmission mechanism that implies contact between contaminated soil and skin. The clinical disease is characterized by manifestations related to iron-deficiency anemia, secondary to a chronic digestive blood loss. An unusual way of presentation is the massive digestive bleeding that causes severe anemia. Case report: A four month shuar girl with no significant medical history, referred from General Puyo hospital, presented upper digestive bleeding of 3 months duration. At month of age, the girl presented self-limited melenas and skin pallor that worsen two weeks before the admission. The girl was hypo active, with a pale complexion, and had edema of feet. Her blood count showed hemoglobin 2.8 g/dl, hematocrit 9%, mean corpuscular volume 73 fl, red cell distribution width 18%, reticulocyte count 1%, eosinophils 4%. Coprological analysis reported tarry stools, positive fecal occult blood test, and hookworm eggs determined by Kato ­ Katz as a moderate infection. It was diagnosed iron-deficiency anemia secondary to an upper digestive bleeding caused by hookworms. The infection was treated with a single oral dose of albendazole 400mg plus blood transfusion. After 5 days of treatment, hemoglobin increased and edema was reduced. Melenas disappeared completely. Finally the discharge was indicated for outdoor control. Conclusion: Hookworm infestation is an endemic disease whose presence and impact in infants has been underestimated because it is not necessary as a cause of digestive bleeding. This disease should be considered in contexts of endemic areas in children who meet a clinical profile similar to that described


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Lactente , Infecções por Uncinaria , Lactente , Anemia , Pele , Poluentes do Solo , Relatos de Casos , Equador
10.
Electron. j. biotechnol ; 41: 72-80, sept. 2019. ilus, tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: biblio-1087172

RESUMO

Background: Microbial community analysis of electronic waste (e-waste)-polluted environments is of interest to understand the effect of toxic e-waste pollutants on the soil microbial community and to evaluate novel microorganisms resisting the toxic environment. The present study aims to investigate the bacterial community structure in soils contaminated with e-waste from various sites of Loni and Mandoli (National Capital Region (NCR), India) where e-waste dumping and recycling activities are being carried out for many years. Results: Interferences to soil metagenomic DNA extraction and PCR amplification were observed because of the presence of inhibiting components derived from circuit boards. Whole-metagenome sequencing on the Illumina MiSeq platform showed that the most abundant phyla were Proteobacteria and Firmicutes. Deltaproteobacteria and Betaproteobacteria were the most common classes under Proteobacteria. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) analysis of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene showed that e-waste contamination altered the soil bacterial composition and diversity. There was a decrease in the number of predominant bacterial groups like Proteobacteria and Firmicutes but emergence of Actinobacteria in the contaminated soil samples. Conclusions: This is the first report describing the bacterial community structure of composite soil samples of ewaste-contaminated sites of Loni and Mandoli, Delhi NCR, India. The findings indicate that novel bacteria with potential bioremediating properties may be present in the e-waste-contaminated sites and hence need to be evaluated further.


Assuntos
Microbiologia do Solo , Bactérias/isolamento & purificação , Bactérias/genética , Resíduo Eletrônico/análise , Poluentes do Solo , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Metais Pesados , Proteobactérias/isolamento & purificação , Metagenômica , Eletroforese em Gel de Gradiente Desnaturante , Microbiota , Firmicutes/isolamento & purificação , Índia
11.
Hig. aliment ; 33(288/289): 1463-1466, abr.-maio 2019. tab
Artigo em Português | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1482183

RESUMO

O excesso de Cr nas plantas pode provocar inibição no crescimento das plantas, clorose nas folhas, desequilíbrio nutricional e alteração na germinação das sementes, sendo também altamente tóxico para humanos. Objetivou-se avaliar a germinação de sementes de feijão submetidas a diferentes fontes de Cr, em câmara germinadora durante 9 dias. As fontes de Cr utilizadas: cromato de potássio e dicromato de potássio, em 128 subamostras em soluções de concentrações crescentes de Cr (0, 5,10, 20, 45, 90, 200 e 400 mg L-1). Realizou contagem de sementes normais, anormais e mortas. Conclui-se que sementes de feijão submetidas ao dicromato de potássio germinam 47,5% em média, sem efeitos prejudiciais ao seu desenvolvimento, com apenas 0,87% de sementes anormais e 1,6% em média de sementes mortas, ambas com tolerância de até 400 mg L-1.


Assuntos
Compostos de Cromo/efeitos adversos , Contaminantes Químicos em Alimentos , Phaseolus/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Sementes/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Oligoelementos/efeitos adversos , Poluentes do Solo/efeitos adversos
12.
Braz. j. microbiol ; 49(4): 757-769, Oct.-Dec. 2018. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: biblio-974306

RESUMO

ABSTRACT Anthropogenic activity, such as accidental oil spills, are typical sources of urban mangrove pollution that may affect mangrove bacterial communities as well as their mobile genetic elements. To evaluate remediation strategies, we followed over the time the effects of a petroleum hydrocarbon degrading consortium inoculated on mangrove tree Avicennia schaueriana against artificial petroleum contamination in a phytoremediation greenhouse experiment. Interestingly, despite plant protection due to the inoculation, denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene fragments amplified from the total community DNA indicated that the different treatments did not significantly affect the bacterial community composition. However, while the bacterial community was rather stable, pronounced shifts were observed in the abundance of bacteria carrying plasmids. A PCR-Southern blot hybridization analysis indicated an increase in the abundance of IncP-9 catabolic plasmids. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis of naphthalene dioxygenase (ndo) genes amplified from cDNA (RNA) indicated the dominance of a specific ndo gene in the inoculated petroleum amendment treatment. The petroleum hydrocarbon degrading consortium characterization indicated the prevalence of bacteria assigned to Pseudomonas spp., Comamonas spp. and Ochrobactrum spp. IncP-9 plasmids were detected for the first time in Comamonas sp. and Ochrobactrum spp., which is a novelty of this study.


Assuntos
Bactérias/isolamento & purificação , Bactérias/metabolismo , Avicennia/microbiologia , Hidrocarbonetos/metabolismo , Plasmídeos/genética , Plasmídeos/metabolismo , Poluentes do Solo/análise , Poluentes do Solo/metabolismo , Bactérias/classificação , Bactérias/genética , Biodegradação Ambiental , DNA Bacteriano/genética , Petróleo/análise , RNA Ribossômico 16S/genética , Poluição por Petróleo/análise , Avicennia/metabolismo , Rizosfera
13.
Braz. j. microbiol ; 49(2): 258-268, Apr.-June 2018. graf
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: biblio-889233

RESUMO

Abstract Cellulosimicrobium cellulans CWS2, a novel strain capable of utilizing benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) as the sole carbon and energy source under nitrate-reducing conditions, was isolated from PAH-contaminated soil. Temperature and pH significantly affected BaP biodegradation, and the strain exhibited enhanced biodegradation ability at temperatures above 30 °C and between pH 7 and 10. The highest BaP removal rate (78.8%) was observed in 13 days when the initial BaP concentration was 10 mg/L, and the strain degraded BaP at constant rate even at a higher concentration (50 mg/L). Metal exposure experimental results illustrated that Cd(II) was the only metal ion that significantly inhibited biodegradation of BaP. The addition of 0.5 and 1.0 g/L glucose enhanced BaP biodegradation, while the addition of low-molecular-weight organic acids with stronger acidity reduced BaP removal rates during co-metabolic biodegradation. The addition of phenanthrene and pyrene, which were degraded to some extent by the strain, showed no distinct effect on BaP biodegradation. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis revealed that the five rings of BaP opened, producing compounds with one to four rings which were more bioavailable. Thus, the strain exhibited strong BaP degradation capability and has great potential in the remediation of BaP-/PAH-contaminated environments.


Assuntos
Microbiologia do Solo , Poluentes do Solo/metabolismo , Benzo(a)pireno/metabolismo , Actinobacteria/isolamento & purificação , Actinobacteria/metabolismo , Temperatura , Cádmio/metabolismo , Carbono/metabolismo , Ácidos Carboxílicos/metabolismo , Biotransformação , Actinobacteria/classificação , Meios de Cultura/química , Inibidores Enzimáticos/metabolismo , Glucose/metabolismo , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Anaerobiose , Cromatografia Gasosa-Espectrometria de Massas
14.
Braz. j. microbiol ; 49(1): 29-37, Jan.-Mar. 2018. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: biblio-889196

RESUMO

ABSTRACT Increased environmental pollution has necessitated the need for eco-friendly clean-up strategies. Filamentous fungal species from gold and gemstone mine site soils were isolated, identified and assessed for their tolerance to varied heavy metal concentrations of cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), arsenic (As) and iron (Fe). The identities of the fungal strains were determined based on the internal transcribed spacer 1 and 2 (ITS 1 and ITS 2) regions. Mycelia growth of the fungal strains were subjected to a range of (0-100 Cd), (0-1000 Cu), (0-400 Pb), (0-500 As) and (0-800 Fe) concentrations (mgkg-1) incorporated into malt extract agar (MEA) in triplicates. Fungal radial growths were recorded every three days over a 13-days' incubation period. Fungal strains were identified as Fomitopsis meliae, Trichoderma ghanense and Rhizopus microsporus. All test fungal exhibited tolerance to Cu, Pb, and Fe at all test concentrations (400-1000 mgkg-1), not differing significantly (p > 0.05) from the controls and with tolerance index >1. T. ghanense and R. microsporus demonstrated exceptional capacity for Cd and As concentrations, while showing no significant (p > 0.05) difference compared to the controls and with a tolerance index >1 at 25 mgkg-1 Cd and 125 mgkg-1 As. Remarkably, these fungal strains showed tolerance to metal concentrations exceeding globally permissible limits for contaminated soils. It is envisaged that this metal tolerance trait exhibited by these fungal strains may indicate their potentials as effective agents for bioremediative clean-up of heavy metal polluted environments.


Assuntos
Fungos/isolamento & purificação , Fungos/metabolismo , Metais Pesados/metabolismo , Poluentes do Solo/metabolismo , Cádmio/análise , Cádmio/metabolismo , Cobre/análise , Cobre/metabolismo , Fungos/classificação , Fungos/genética , Ouro/análise , Ouro/metabolismo , Metais Pesados/análise , Mineração , Filogenia , Poluentes do Solo/análise
15.
Braz. j. microbiol ; 49(1): 87-96, Jan.-Mar. 2018. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: biblio-889214

RESUMO

ABSTRACT Variations in microbial communities promoted by alterations in environmental conditions are reflected in similarities/differences both at taxonomic and functional levels. Here we used a natural gradient within mangroves from seashore to upland, to contrast the natural variability in bacteria, cyanobacteria and diazotroph assemblages in a pristine area compared to an oil polluted area along a timespan of three years, based on ARISA (bacteria and cyanobacteria) and nifH T-RFLP (diazotrophs) fingerprinting. The data presented herein indicated that changes in all the communities evaluated were mainly driven by the temporal effect in the contaminated area, while local effects were dominant on the pristine mangrove. A positive correlation of community structure between diazotrophs and cyanobacteria was observed, suggesting the functional importance of this phylum as nitrogen fixers in mangroves soils. Different ecological patterns explained the microbial behavior in the pristine and polluted mangroves. Stochastic models in the pristine mangrove indicate that there is not a specific environmental factor that determines the bacterial distribution, while cyanobacteria and diazotrophs better fitted in deterministic model in the same area. For the contaminated mangrove site, deterministic models better represented the variations in the communities, suggesting that the presence of oil might change the microbial ecological structures over time. Mangroves represent a unique environment threatened by global change, and this study contributed to the knowledge of the microbial distribution in such areas and its response on persistent contamination historic events.


Assuntos
Solo/química , Microbiologia do Solo , Bactérias/isolamento & purificação , Filogenia , Poluentes do Solo/análise , Poluentes do Solo/metabolismo , Bactérias/classificação , Bactérias/genética , Bactérias/metabolismo , Petróleo/análise , Petróleo/metabolismo , Biodiversidade , Áreas Alagadas , Nitrogênio/metabolismo
16.
Rev. salud pública ; 19(6): 795-799, nov.-dic. 2017. tab
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: biblio-962073

RESUMO

ABSTRACT Objective Since sand is an important child means of contagion by enteroparasites, this study aimed to conduct a parasitological evaluation in recreation areas of elementary schools and early childhood education centers, in São Mateus-ES. Material and Methods Sand samples were collected in seven municipal elementary schools and in a municipal kindergarten and nursery center. For the recovery of helminth eggs and protozoan cysts, flotation and spontaneous sedimentation techniques were used. Results It was found that 77 % of the analyzed institutions were positive for helminth eggs and larvae. Among the eggs and larvae identified, the main were Ascaris lumbricoides and Toxocara canis. Pearson's chi-square test identified the best results when using the spontaneous sedimentation method. Conclusions Considering that individuals, especially children living in poor sanitation conditions, are more prone to enteroparasites, studies point to the need of the application of preventive and health education measures for the population enrolled in municipal schools in São Mateus.(AU)


RESUMEN Objetivo Dado que la arena es un medio importante de contagio infantil por enteroparásitos, este estudio tuvo como objetivo realizar una evaluación parasitológica en áreas recreativas de escuelas primarias y centros de educación infantil, en São Mateus-ES. Materiales y Métodos Se tomaron muestras de arena en siete escuelas primarias municipales, en un jardín de infantes y en una guardería municipal. Para la recuperación de huevos de helmintos y quistes de protozoos, se usaron las técnicas de flotación y de sedimentación espontánea. Resultados Se encontró que el 77 % de las instituciones analizadas dieron positivo para huevos y larvas de helmintos. Entre los huevos y larvas identificados los principales fueron Ascaris lumbricoides y Toxocara canis. La prueba de ji-cuadrado de Pearson identifica los mejores resultados cuando se usa el método de sedimentación espontánea. Conclusión Teniendo en cuenta que las personas, especialmente los niños que viven en malas condiciones de saneamiento, son más propensas a enteropatías, los estudios apuntan a la necesidad de la aplicación de medidas preventivas y de educación sanitaria para la población inscrita en las escuelas municipales de São Mateus.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Criança , Parasitos , Poluentes do Solo/análise , Saúde da Criança , Helmintos/isolamento & purificação , Brasil , Sedimentação/métodos
17.
Braz. j. microbiol ; 48(4): 607-609, Oct.-Dec. 2017. tab
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: biblio-889170

RESUMO

ABSTRACT Mycobacterium sp. YC-RL4 is capable of utilizing a broad range of phthalic acid esters (PAEs) as sole source of carbon and energy for growth. The preliminary studies demonstrated its high degrading efficiency and good performance during the bioprocess with environmental samples. Here, we present the complete genome of Mycobacterium sp. YC-RL4, which consists of one circular chromosome (5,801,417 bp) and one plasmid (252,568 bp). The genomic analysis and gene annotation were performed and many potential genes responsible for the biodegradation of PAEs were identified from the genome. These results may advance the investigation of bioremediation of PAEs-contaminated environments by strain YC-RL4.


Assuntos
Ácidos Ftálicos/metabolismo , Plastificantes/metabolismo , Genoma Bacteriano , Ésteres/metabolismo , Mycobacterium/metabolismo , Plasmídeos/genética , Plasmídeos/metabolismo , Microbiologia do Solo , Poluentes do Solo/metabolismo , Biodegradação Ambiental , Mycobacterium/isolamento & purificação , Mycobacterium/classificação , Mycobacterium/genética
18.
Braz. j. microbiol ; 48(4): 637-647, Oct.-Dec. 2017. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: biblio-889185

RESUMO

ABSTRACT Role of microbes in bioremediation of oil spills has become inevitable owing to their eco friendly nature. This study focused on the isolation and characterization of bacterial strains with superior oil degrading potential from crude-oil contaminated soil. Three such bacterial strains were selected and subsequently identified by 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis as Corynebacterium aurimucosum, Acinetobacter baumannii and Microbacterium hydrocarbonoxydans respectively. The specific activity of catechol 1,2 dioxygenase (C12O) and catechol 2,3 dioxygenase (C23O) was determined in these three strains wherein the activity of C12O was more than that of C23O. Among the three strains, Microbacterium hydrocarbonoxydans exhibited superior crude oil degrading ability as evidenced by its superior growth rate in crude oil enriched medium and enhanced activity of dioxygenases. Also degradation of total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) in crude oil was higher with Microbacterium hydrocarbonoxydans. The three strains also produced biosurfactants of glycolipid nature as indicated d by biochemical, FTIR and GCMS analysis. These findings emphasize that such bacterial strains with superior oil degrading capacity may find their potential application in bioremediation of oil spills and conservation of marine and soil ecosystem.


Assuntos
Poluentes do Solo/metabolismo , Tensoativos/metabolismo , Proteínas de Bactérias/metabolismo , Petróleo/microbiologia , Actinobacteria/metabolismo , Corynebacterium/metabolismo , Acinetobacter baumannii/metabolismo , Dioxigenases/metabolismo , Filogenia , Microbiologia do Solo , Tensoativos/química , Proteínas de Bactérias/genética , Biodegradação Ambiental , Petróleo/análise , Poluição por Petróleo/análise , Actinobacteria/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Actinobacteria/enzimologia , Actinobacteria/genética , Corynebacterium/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Corynebacterium/enzimologia , Corynebacterium/genética , Acinetobacter baumannii/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Acinetobacter baumannii/enzimologia , Acinetobacter baumannii/genética , Dioxigenases/genética , Índia
19.
Braz. j. microbiol ; 48(2): 305-313, April.-June 2017. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: biblio-839385

RESUMO

Abstract The aerobic degradation of aromatic compounds by bacteria is performed by dioxygenases. To show some characteristic patterns of the dioxygenase genotype and its degradation specificities, twenty-nine gram-negative bacterial cultures were obtained from sediment contaminated with phenolic compounds in Wuhan, China. The isolates were phylogenetically diverse and belonged to 10 genera. All 29 gram-negative bacteria were able to utilize phenol, m-dihydroxybenzene and 2-hydroxybenzoic acid as the sole carbon sources, and members of the three primary genera Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter and Alcaligenes were able to grow in the presence of multiple monoaromatic compounds. PCR and DNA sequence analysis were used to detect dioxygenase genes coding for catechol 1,2-dioxygenase, catechol 2,3-dioxygenase and protocatechuate 3,4-dioxygenase. The results showed that there are 4 genotypes; most strains are either PNP (catechol 1,2-dioxygenase gene is positive, catechol 2,3-dioxygenase gene is negative, protocatechuate 3,4-dioxygenase gene is positive) or PNN (catechol 1,2-dioxygenase gene is positive, catechol 2,3-dioxygenase gene is negative, protocatechuate 3,4-dioxygenase gene is negative). The strains with two dioxygenase genes can usually grow on many more aromatic compounds than strains with one dioxygenase gene. Degradation experiments using a mixed culture representing four bacterial genotypes resulted in the rapid degradation of phenol. Determinations of substrate utilization and phenol degradation revealed their affiliations through dioxygenase genotype data.


Assuntos
Fenol/metabolismo , Dioxigenases/genética , Dioxigenases/metabolismo , Bactérias Gram-Negativas/enzimologia , Bactérias Gram-Negativas/metabolismo , Filogenia , Pseudomonas , Poluentes do Solo/metabolismo , Acinetobacter , DNA Bacteriano/genética , DNA Bacteriano/química , DNA Ribossômico/genética , DNA Ribossômico/química , Carbono/metabolismo , RNA Ribossômico 16S/genética , Biotransformação , Análise por Conglomerados , China , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Sedimentos Geológicos/microbiologia , Alcaligenes , Poluição Ambiental , Bactérias Gram-Negativas/classificação , Bactérias Gram-Negativas/genética
20.
Braz. j. microbiol ; 48(2): 189-190, April.-June 2017. tab
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: biblio-839388

RESUMO

Abstract We report here the draft genome sequence of Acinetobacter sp. Strain V2 isolated from the oil contaminated soil collected from ENGEN, Amanzimtoti, South Africa. Degradation of phenolic compounds such as phenol, toluene, aniline etc. at 400 ppm in 24 h and oil degrading capability makes this organism an efficient multifunctional bioremediator. Genome sequencing of Acinetobacter spp. V2 was carried out on Illumina HiSeq 2000 platform (performed by the Beijing Genomics Institute [BGI], Shenzhen, China). The data obtained revealed 643 contigs with genome size of 4.0 Mb and G + C content of 38.59%.


Assuntos
Acinetobacter/genética , Acinetobacter/metabolismo , DNA Bacteriano/genética , DNA Bacteriano/química , Óleos/metabolismo , Genoma Bacteriano , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Fenóis/metabolismo , Microbiologia do Solo , Poluentes do Solo/metabolismo , África do Sul , Composição de Bases , Acinetobacter/isolamento & purificação , Biotransformação
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