Evaluación de la fibrogénesis hepática en pacientes con esteatohepatitis no alcohólica tratados con propóleos rojo oral cubano / Evaluation of hepatic fibrogenesis in patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis treated with cuban oral red propolis

Introducción: La enfermedad por depósito graso no alcohólica constituye una pandemia del mundo contemporáneo. Su espectro silente atraviesa estadios de cronicidad y puede llegar a la cirrosis hepática y sobre esta pudiera desarrollarse un hepatocarcinoma. No existen tratamientos y solo se puede actuar sobre los factores de riesgo. Objetivo: Evaluar el efecto citohepatoprotector y antifibrótico del propóleos rojo cubano oral en pacientes con esteatohepatitis no alcohólica. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio longitudinal prospectivo en pacientes seleccionados de las consultas de Gastroenterología, Endocrinología y Medicina Interna del Hospital Clínico Quirúrgico Hermanos Ameijeiras durante el periodo de abril 2017 a abril 2018. El universo de estudio fue de 120 pacientes con diagnóstico imagenológico de hígado graso. La muestra quedó conformada por 70 pacientes con diagnóstico de hígado graso, y que cumplieron criterios de inclusión y exclusión. Las pruebas estadísticas aplicadas fueron análisis de frecuencia y porcentaje para las variables demográficas. La prueba T para las muestras relacionadas evaluó el comportamiento enzimático al inicio y al final del tratamiento y los cambios elastográficos fueron analizados mediante test de Kappa y porcentaje. Resultados: Las variables bioquímicas estudiadas mostraron una disminución estadísticamente significativa al final del tratamiento. Los cambios elastográficos al final del estudio evidenciaron la efectividad del tratamiento, en el cual el 91,4 por ciento de los pacientes evolucionaron hacia el menor grado de fibrosis. Conclusiones: El propóleos rojo cubano demostró ser un apifármaco con acción citohepatoprotectora y antifibrótica de valor terapéutico(AU)

Introduction: Nonalcoholic fat deposition disease is a pandemic in the contemporary world. Its silent spectrum goes through stages of chronicity and it can reach liver cirrhosis and on this a hepatic carcinoma could develop. There are no treatments and medical handling can act on only risk factors. Objective: To evaluate cytohepatoprotective and antifibrotic effect of oral Cuban red propolis in patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Methods: A prospective longitudinal study was carried out in selected patients from the Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and Internal Medicine consultations at Hermanos Ameijeiras Clinical Surgical Hospital from April 2017 to April 2018. The study universe was 120 patients with imaging diagnosis of fatty liver. The sample consisted of 70 patients with fatty liver diagnosis, who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Frequency and percentage analysis for the demographic variables were the statistical tests applied. The T test for the related samples evaluated the enzymatic behavior at the beginning and at the end of the treatment and the elastography changes were analyzed using Kappa and percentage tests. Results: The biochemical variables studied showed statistically significant decrease at the end of the treatment, which evidenced the effectiveness of the treatment. 91.4 percent of the patients progressed to a lower degree of fibrosis. Conclusions: Cuban red propolis proved to be a therapeutic drug with cytohepathoprotective and antifibrotic action(AU)

Producción y consumo de fitofármacos y apifármacos durante la pandemia de COVID-19 en Cuba, marzo a junio de 2020 / Production and consumption of phytopharmaceuticals and apipharmaceuticals during the COVID-19 pandemic in Cuba, March to June 2020

Objetivos. Determinar el aporte del personal de los servicios farmacéuticos comunitarios al aseguramiento de la producción de fitofármacos y apifármacos elaborados a nivel localdispensarial, incluidos en el protocolo de actuación nacional para la COVID-19, así como el consumo de estas formulaciones. Materiales y métodos. Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo, observacional, descriptivo y longitudinal, donde se analizaron los informes mensuales de producción, en el período comprendido entre marzo y junio. De estos se obtuvo la información de los diez fitofármacos y apifármacos seleccionados. Se determinaron los planes de producción para cada una de estas formulaciones y su cumplimiento, así como el consumo de estos. Resultados. Entre marzo y junio se produjeron en el país 7 401 001 unidades de los diez fitofármacos y apifármacos seleccionados, el 125,5% de lo planificado. De ellos, la mayor producción correspondió al orégano jarabe 10% (1 725 156 unidades) y al Imefasma jarabe (1 648 037 unidades). El aloe jarabe (50%) y la cebolla jarabe (10%) fueron los dos fitofármacos con mayor porcentaje de producción con respecto al plan. La Habana fue la provincia con el mayor volumen de producción (1 315 008 unidades); la menor producción correspondió al municipio especial Isla de la Juventud (18 107 unidades). De las 7 401 001 unidades producidas en el período, se consumieron 6 754 910 (91,3%). Conclusiones. Desde los servicios farmacéuticos se aseguró la producción, a nivel local-dispensarial, de los diez fitofármacos y apifármacos seleccionados para el enfrentamiento de la pandemia de COVID-19 en Cuba. Se sobrepasó la producción de todos estos fitofármacos y apifármacos y su consumo fue alto.

Objectives. To determine the contribution of the staff of the community pharmaceutical services to ensuring the production of phytopharmaceuticals and apipharmaceuticals produced at the local-dispensary level, included in the national action protocol for COVID-19, as well as the consumption of these formulations. Materials and methods. It was carried out a retrospective, observational, descriptive, and longitudinal study, where the monthly reports of production were analyzed, in the period from March to June. From these, the information of the ten selected phytopharmaceuticals and apipharmaceuticals was obtained. The production plans for each of these formulations and their compliance were determined, as well as their consumption. Results. Between March and June, 7,401,001 units of the ten selected phytopharmaceuticals and apipharmaceuticals were produced in the country, 125.5% of what was planned. Of these, the highest production corresponded to oregano syrup 10% (1,725,156 units) and Imefasma syrup (1,648,037 units). Aloe syrup (50%) and onion syrup (10%) were the two phytopharmaceuticals with the highest percentage of production with respect to the plan. Havana was the province with the highest production volume (1 315 008 units); the lowest production corresponded to the special municipality Isle of Youth (18 107 units). Of the 7,401,001 units produced in the period, 6,754,910 (91.3%) were consumed. Conclusions. From the pharmaceutical services, it was ensured the production, at a local-dispensary level, of the ten phytopharmaceuticals and apipharmaceuticals selected for the confrontation of the COVID-19 pandemic in Cuba. The production of all these phytopharmaceuticals and apipharmaceuticals was surpassed and their consumption was high.

Antimicrobial activity of propolis extract fractions against Staphylococcus spp. isolated from goat mastitis / Atividade antimicrobiana de frações do extrato de própolis frente à Staphylococcus spp. isolados de mastite caprina

The indiscriminate use of antibiotics in the treatment of caprine mastitis causes the appearance of resistant microorganisms, besides leaving residues in milk, putting at risk to human health. In this way, propolis is an alternative in the treatment of diseases because it has antimicrobial activity, mainly because of the presence of flavonoids in its composition. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial potential of propolis to Staphylococcus spp. Isolated from cases of goat mastitis and qualify the crude ethanoic extract by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). In this study, the minimum bactericidal concentration values of propolis extracts in ethanol, ethyl acetate and hexane showed that the best concentrations capable of promoting the highest mortality of the isolates of Staphylococcus spp. from mastitis in goats, were 6250, 3125 and 1562.5µg/mL, respectively. By the microplate adherence test, it was found that 20.78% isolates were not able to form biofilm, 14.70% were classified as moderate and 64.70% were weak and none as a strong biofilm producer. Propolis in its different diluents was able to affect the formation of biofilm and showed a pronounced marked antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus spp. strains and may be indicated for use in in vivo studies.(AU)

O uso indiscriminado de antibióticos no tratamento de mastite caprina leva ao desenvolvimento de micro-organismos resistentes que poderão estar presentes em alimentos, colocando em risco a saúde humana. Dessa forma, a própolis surge como uma alternativa para o tratamento de doenças por possuir uma ação antimicrobiana, principalmente pela presença de flavonoides em sua composição. O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar o potencial antimicrobiano da própolis frente à Staphylococcus spp. isolados de casos de mastite caprina e qualificar o extrato etanoico bruto por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência (CLAE-DAD). Neste estudo, os valores de concentração bactericida mínima (CBM) dos extratos de própolis em álcool etílico, acetato de etila e hexano nos isolados foram de 6250, 3125 e 1562,5µg/mL, respectivamente. Pelo teste de aderência à microplacas, observou-se que 20,78% dos microorganismos, não foram capazes de formar biofilme, 14,70% foram classificados como moderados, 64,70% em fracos e nenhum como forte produtor de biofilme. A própolis em seus diferentes diluentes foi capaz de afetar a formação de biofilme e apresentou significativa atividade antimicrobiana frente a cepas de Staphylococcus spp., podendo ser indicada para utilização em estudos "in vivo".(AU)

La Medicina Natural y Tradicional como tratamiento alternativo de múltiples enfermedades / Natural and Traditional Medicine as an Alternative Treatment for Several Diseases

Introducción: El origen de la Medicina Natural y Tradicional está íntimamente unido con la historia del hombre en su lucha por la supervivencia. Las diferentes modalidades de la misma ofrecen grandes potencialidades a la medicina actual. Objetivo: Describir el uso terapéutico de algunas modalidades de la medicina natural y tradicional en la actualidad. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio cualitativo descriptivo mediante la técnica de revisión bibliográfica, a través del análisis, desde una visión integradora, de 40 artículos con calidad científica, publicados en los últimos 5 años, referentes a las modalidades de la Medicina Natural y Tradicional como tratamiento alternativo de múltiples enfermedades. Conclusiones: La Medicina Natural y Tradicional constituye una alternativa más de tratamiento para diferentes enfermedades. Dentro de las principales modalidades utilizadas en Cuba se encuentran: Acupuntura, fitoterapia, apiterapia, moxibuxtión, homeoterapia y ozonoterapia. Algunos de sus usos terapéuticos son: expectorantes, antihipertensivos, antifúngicos, antinflamatorios, analgésicas, estimulantes inmunológicos, sedantes, entre otros. En Cuba se aprobó un programa para su aplicación y una guía para la prescripción de productos naturales, que se convirtió en una herramienta de trabajo para el médico(AU)

Introduction: The origin of natural and traditional medicine is closely associated with the history of mankind in the struggle for survival. Its different modalities offer great potentialities to present-day medicine. Objective: To describe the therapeutic use of some modalities of natural and traditional medicine at present. Methods: A qualitative, descriptive study was carried out using the bibliographic review technique, through the analysis, from an integrating view, of 40 articles with scientific quality, published in the last five years, referring to the modalities of natural and traditional medicine as alternative treatment for multiple diseases. Conclusions: Natural and traditional medicine is another treatment alternative for different diseases. Among the main modalities used in Cuba are acupuncture, herbal medicine, apitherapy, moxibustion, homeotherapy, and ozone therapy. Some of its therapeutic uses are as expectorants, antihypertensive, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, immune stimulants, and sedatives. In Cuba, a program was approved for its application, as well as it was a guide for prescribing natural products, which became a working tool for the physician(AU)

Chemical and cytotoxic analyses of three varieties of Brazilian propolis (green propolis, jataí propolis and brown propolis) and its anti-Sporothrix brasiliensis in vitro activity / [Análises químicas e citotóxicas de três variedades de própolis brasileiras (própolis verde, própolis jataí e própolis marrom) e sua atividade in vitro anti-Sporothrix brasiliensis]

In this study, we described the antifungal activity of three Brazilian propolis extracts: brown, green and from jataí bees against Sporothrix brasiliensis. The extracts were obtained from ethanolic extraction and their chemical composition was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. The cellular toxicity was measured in MDBK (Madin-Darby Bovine Kidney) cells and quantified by the MTT assay (3- (4,5 dimethylthiazol-2yl -2,5-diphenyl-2H bromine tetrazolato). For antifungal activity, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) were determined by broth microdilution. The results showed that cell toxicity was not observed at lower concentrations (0.097 to 0.39μg/ml) for all extracts in comparison to cell control. Among the chemical compounds identified, caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid, chlorogenic acid, ferulic acid and rutin were quantified. In antifungal activity, green and jataí did not exhibit activity against the isolates (MIC and MFC greater than 0.78mg/ml). However, all isolates of S. brasiliensis were sensitive to brown propolis (MIC of 0.09 to 0.78mg/ml), including the standard strain (P<0.001). Among the Brazilian propolis studied, the brown propolis showed activity against the S. brasiliensis isolates and more studies should be undertaken in order to evaluate its promising use in the treatment of sporotrichosis.(AU)

Neste estudo, descreveu-se a atividade antifúngica de três extratos de própolis brasileiras: marrom, verde e de abelhas jataí (Tetragonisca angustula), contra Sporothrix brasiliensis. Os extratos foram obtidos de extração etanólica, e a sua composição química foi determinada por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência, acoplada à espectrometria de massa. A toxicidade celular foi medida em células MDBK (Madin-Darby Bovine Kidney), avaliada por observação microscópica e quantificada pelo ensaio MTT (3- (4,5-dimetiltiazol-2-ilo -2,5-difenil-2H bromo tetrazolato). Para a atividade antifúngica, determinou-se a concentração inibitória mínima (CIM) e a concentração fungicida mínima (CFM) por meio de microdiluição em caldo. Os resultados mostraram que a toxicidade celular não foi observada em concentrações menores (0,097 a 0,39μg/ml). Entre os compostos químicos identificados, foram quantificados o ácido cafeico, ácido p-cumárico, ácido clorogênico, ácido ferúlico e a rutina. Na atividade antifúngica, as própolis verde e jataí não apresentaram atividade contra os isolados (CIM e CFM maior que 0,78mg/ml), porém todos os isolados de S. brasiliensis foram sensíveis à própolis marrom (CIM de 0,09 a 0,78mg/ml), incluindo a cepa padrão (P<0,001). Entre as própolis brasileiras estudadas, a marrom mostrou atividade contra S. brasiliensis, e mais estudos devem ser realizados para avaliar seu uso promissor no tratamento da esporotricose.(AU)

Efectividad de la tintura de propóleos al 10 % en pacientes con estomatitis subprótesis / Effectiveness of 10 % propolis tinction in patients with subprosthesis stomatitis

Se efectuó un estudio de intervención terapéutica en 50 pacientes con estomatitis subprótesis, quienes acudieron a la consulta de prótesis de la Clínica Estomatológica Ramón Guevara Montano de Baracoa, provincia de Guantánamo, desde abril del 2015 hasta junio del 2016, con vistas a determinar la efectividad del tratamiento con tintura de propóleos al 10 por ciento en los afectados. Se conformaron 2 grupos: uno de estudio (A) y otro de control (B), con 25 integrantes cada uno; el primero fue tratado con propóleos y el segundo con medicina alopática (nistatina en suspensión). La evaluación se realizó a los 4, 8 y 12 días. Al finalizar la terapia se observó que en 100,0 por ciento de los pacientes del grupo A se eliminó la lesión; por tanto, esta alternativa terapéutica resultó efectiva. Se recomendó extender dicha aplicación a otras afecciones bucales.

A study of therapeutic intervention was carried out in 50 patients with subprosthesis stomatitis who went to the Prosthesis department of "Ramón Guevara Montano" Stomatological Clinic in Baracoa, Guantánamo province, from April, 2015 to June, 2016, aimed at determining the effectiveness of the treatment with 10 percent propolis tinction in the affected patients. Two groups were formed: a study group (A) and a control group (B), with 25 members each; the first one was treated with propolis tinction and the second with allopathic medicine (nystatin in suspension). The evaluation was carried out at 4.8 and 12 days. When concluding the therapy it was observed that in 100.0 percent of the patients of the group A the lesion was eliminated; therefore, this therapeutic alternative was effective. It was recommended to extend this procedure to other oral disorders.

What do Cochrane systematic reviews say about new practices on integrative medicine?

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: This study identified and summarized all Cochrane systematic reviews (SRs) on the effects of ten integrative practices that were recently added to the Brazilian public healthcare system (SUS). DESIGN AND SETTING: Review of systematic reviews, conducted in the Discipline of Evidence-Based Medicine, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Unifesp). METHODS: Review of Cochrane SRs on the following interventions were identified, summarized and critically assessed: apitherapy, aromatherapy, bioenergetics, family constellation, flower therapy, chromotherapy, geotherapy, hypnotherapy, hand imposition or ozone therapy. RESULTS: We included a total of 16 SRs: 4 on apitherapy, 4 on aromatherapy, 6 on hypnotherapy and 2 on ozone therapy. No Cochrane SR was found regarding bioenergetics, family constellation, chromotherapy, clay therapy, flower therapy or hand imposition. The only high-quality evidence was in relation to the potential benefit of apitherapy, specifically regarding some benefits from honey dressings for partial healing of burn wounds, for reduction of coughing among children with acute coughs and for preventing allergic reactions to insect stings. CONCLUSION: Except for some specific uses of apitherapy (honey for burn wounds and for acute coughs and bee venom for allergic reactions to insect stings), the use of ten integrative practices that have recently been incorporated into SUS does not seem to be supported by evidence from Cochrane SRs.

Utilización de propóleos en heridas complejas / Use of propolis in complex wounds

El tratamiento de las heridas complejas es una problemática de difícil resolución para todo aquel que se ocupa específi camente de ellas, debido a la insufi ciente respuesta terapéutica a los productos usuales en determinados casos. El Propóleos forma parte de las terapias naturales con reconocidas propiedades: antibacteriana, antiinfl amatoria, antioxidante, inmunomoduladora y cicatrizante, que muestra, hoy en día, una aptitud para el manejo de heridas complejas. Debido a ello se decidió realizar un estudio descriptivo multicéntrico desde octubre del 2015 hasta mayo del 2017, con 120 pacientes que presentaron heridas complejas agudas o crónicas de diversas etiologías para evidenciar su utilidad.

The treatment of complex wounds is a problem of diffi cult resolution for people who deals with it, because its insuffi cient response to the usual products in certain cases. Propolis belongs to natural therapies and has properties such as: antibacterial, anti-infl ammatory, antioxidant, antipathogenic, immunomodulatory and healing. Nowadays it shows an ability for handling complex wounds. That is the reason we decided to perform a multicentric descriptive study from October 2015 to May 2017, with 120 patients presenting acute or chronic complex wounds from diverse etiologies to prove their usefulness

Cura local con apiterapia en una paciente con ántrax / Local cure with apitherapy in a patient with anthrax

Se describe el caso clínico de una paciente de 67 años de edad, quien ingresa en el en Servicio de Dermatología del Hospital General Docente "Dr. Juan Bruno Zayas Alfonso" con diagnóstico de ántrax en región posterosuperior del tórax. Se realiza necrectomía y radiografía simple de tórax que muestra un derrame pleural izquierdo de gran cuantía; por tanto, se traslada al Servicio de Neumología donde se le diagnostica neoplasia de pulmón. La infección de piel se trató con antimicrobianos de uso parenteral y curas locales con miel de abejas, así se logró la resolución total de la lesión.

The case report of a 67 years patient who was admitted in the Dermatology Service of "Dr. Juan Bruno Zayas Alfonso" Teaching General Hospital with diagnosis of anthrax in postero-superior region of the thorax is described. A necrectomy and simple x-ray of thorax are carried out that which show a significant left pleural effusion; therefore, he was transferred to the Pneumology Service where he is diagnosed with lung neoplasia. The skin infection was treated with antimicrobials of parenteral use and local cures with honey, thus, the total resolution of the lesion was achieved.

Antibacterial properties and healing effects of Melipona scutellaris honey in MRSA-infected wounds of rats

ABSTRACT PURPOSE : To investigate the antimicrobial, immunological and healing effects of Melipona scutellaris honey on infected wounds of rat skin. METHODS: Twenty four Wistar rats were distributed in four groups (6-each). The uninfected skin wounds of group I rats were treated daily with saline for 7 days. Uninfected wounds (group II) rats were treated with honey. In group III (treated with saline) and group IV (treated with honey) wounds were inoculated with MRSA ATTC43300. The first bacterial culture was performed 24 hours later. In the 7th day new culture was done, and wound biopsies were used for cytokines dosage and histopathology. RESULTS: In group I and III rats the CFU/g count of S. aureus in wounds was zero. In group II rats the CFU/g counts in the wound tissue were significantly higher than in wounds of group IV rats. The density histopathological parameters and the expression of TNF-α, IL1-β, Il-6 were significantly higher on wounds of group IV then in the other groups. CONCLUSION: Honey of Melipona scutellaris was effective in the management of infected wounds, by significant bacterial growth inhibition, enhancement of cytokine expression, and positively influenced the wound repair.

Utilización de medicina complementaria en procesos degenerativos articulares / Use of complementary medicine in joint degenerative processes

En la clínica alopática vemos a diario el avance de nuevos tratamientos hacia diversas patologías. Sin embargo, se ha visto que en las terapias crónicas de enfermedades inflamatorias degenerativas asociadas a la edad del paciente, (gerontes) el margen terapéutico de sus medicamentos se torna cada vez más estrecho, debido a que con el paso del tiempo aparecen disfunciones orgánicas que limitan la aplicación de fármacos sintéticos, por sus efectos colaterales. Es en esta brecha donde la medicina complementaria comienza a jugar un papel importante en el arsenal terapéutico del médico veterinario. En esta tesina, se describirán tres herramientas terapéuticas dentro de las llamadas medicinas complementarias que se utilizan en la terapia de los procesos degenerativos del aparato osteoarticular y se comparará su efecto de acción con las drogas antiinflamatorias de síntesis que se usan habitualmente. Las terapias que se desarrollarán en este trabajo son: La acupuntura, la fitomedicina y la apiterapia a través de la aplicación de apitoxina.

Activities of different types of Thai honey on pathogenic bacteria causing skin diseases, tyrosinase enzyme and generating free radicals

BACKGROUND: Honey is a natural product obtained from the nectar that is collected from flowers by bees. It has several properties, including those of being food and supplementary diet, and it can be used in cosmetic products. Honey imparts pharmaceutical properties since it has antibacterial and antioxidant activities. The antibacterial and antioxidant activities of Thai honey were investigated in this study. RESULTS: The honey from longan flower (source No. 1) gave the highest activity on MRSA when compared to the other types of honey, with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 12.5% (v/v) and minimum bactericidal concentration of 25% (v/v). Moreover, it was found that MRSA isolate 49 and S. aureus were completely inhibited by the 50% (v/v) longan honey (source No. 1) at 8 and 20 hours of treatment, respectively. Furthermore, it was observed that the honey from coffee pollen (source No. 4) showed the highest phenolic and flavonoid compounds by 734.76 mg gallic/kg of honey and 178.31 mg quercetin/kg of honey, respectively. The antioxidant activity of the honey obtained from coffee pollen was also found to be the highest, when investigated using FRAP and DPPH assay, with 1781.77 mg FeSO4•7H2O/kg of honey and 86.20 mg gallic/kg of honey, respectively. Additionally, inhibition of tyrosinase enzyme was found that honey from coffee flower showed highest inhibition by 63.46%. CONCLUSIONS: Honey demonstrates tremendous potential as a useful source that provides anti-free radicals, anti-tyrosinase and anti-bacterial activity against pathogenic bacteria causing skin diseases.

Fitoterapia y apiterapia en la obra de José Martí / Phytotherapy and apitherapy in the work of José Martí

El origen dela Medicina Naturaly Tradicional está íntimamente unido al de la humanidad y al hombre en su lucha por la supervivencia.La Medicina Naturaly Tradicional reafirma la integralidad del enfoque médico, incorpora enfoques preventivos de las enfermedades y ofrece herramientas terapéuticas y de rehabilitación para muchos problemas de salud, tanto agudos como crónicos. Se realizó una revisión completa del Diario de Campaña de José Martí y se seleccionaron los pasajes donde hace referencia a plantas, frutas y miel. Las estrategias histórico-social y la de Medicina Bioenergética y Natural aunadas en la docencia de pre y postgrado en las Ciencias Médicas desde la lectura de pasajes de su Diario de Campaña contribuye a divulgar y estimular la lectura y a incrementar el nivel de conocimientos, de la obra escrita por José Martí, al mismo tiempo la evidencia de la utilización de la fitoterapia y la apiterapia.

Farmacovigilancia de fitofármacos y apifármacos en Cuba durante 2006-2010 / Pharmacovigilance of phytomedicines and apimedicines in Cuba, 2006-2010

Introducción: las plantas y los productos de la colmena han sido una importante fuente de medicinas durante un largo período, pero también pueden provocar reacciones adversas. Objetivo: caracterizar las reacciones adversas asociadas al uso de los fitofármacos y apifármacos que se comercializaron en Cuba en el período 2006-2010. Método: se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal. La muestra estuvo constituida por la totalidad de los reportes de sospechas de reacciones adversas a medicamentos, producidas por fitofármacos y apifármacos a la Unidad Coordinadora Nacional de Farmacovigilancia, durante el período de estudio. Resultados: la mayoría de los reportes de sospechas de reacciones adversas se distribuyeron en el sexo femenino (73,3 por ciento) y en el grupo etario de 31 a 60 años (52,5 por ciento). El ajo tintura y jarabe (13,4 por ciento), el Vimang® tableta y jarabe (9,7 por ciento), así como el eucalipto jarabe y tintura (6,6 por ciento) resultaron los fitofármacos más notificados, mientras que el propóleos tintura (3,4 por ciento) lo fue dentro de los apifármacos reportados. El sistema digestivo resultó el más afectado por las reacciones adversas, clasificadas mayormente de leves y probables. Conclusiones: la farmacovigilancia realizada a los fitofármacos y apifármacos en el período estudiado guarda relación con lo reportado en la literatura para estos productos

Introduction: plants and beehive products have been an important source of medicines for a long time, but they may also cause adverse reactions. Objective: characterize the adverse reactions associated with the use of phytomedicines and apimedicines sold in Cuba from 2006 to 2010. Method: a cross-sectional observational descriptive study was conducted. The sample consisted of all the reports on suspected adverse drug reactions caused by phytomedicines and apimedicines submitted to the National Pharmacovigilance Coordinating Unit during the study period. Results: most reports on suspected adverse reactions corresponded to the female sex (73.3 percent) and the 31-60 age group (52.5 percent). The phytomedicines most frequently reported were garlic tincture and syrup (13.4 percent), Vimang™ pills and syrup (9.7 percent), and eucalyptus syrup and tincture (6.6 percent), whereas the most frequently reported apimedicine was propolis tincture (3.4 percent). The digestive system was the most commonly affected by adverse reactions, which were mostly classified as mild or probable. Conclusions: pharmacovigilance of phytomedicines and apimedicines during the study period is consistent with the bibliographic information about the topic

Protective effects of Tualang honey on bone structure in experimental postmenopausal rats

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of Tualang honey on trabecular structure and compare these effects with those of calcium supplementation in ovariectomized rats. METHODS: Forty female, Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into five groups (n =8): four controls and one test arm. The control arm comprised a baseline control, sham-operated control, ovariectomized control, and ovariectomized calcium-treated rats (receiving 1% calcium in drinking water ad libitum). The test arm was composed of ovariectomized, Tualang honey-treated rats (received 0.2 g/kg body weight of Tualang honey). Both the sham-operated control and ovariectomized control groups received vehicle treatment (deionized water), and the baseline control group was sacrificed without treatment. RESULTS: All rats were orally gavaged daily for six weeks after day one post-surgery. The bone structural analysis of rats in the test arm group showed a significant increase in the bone volume per tissue volume (BV/TV), trabecular thickness (Tb.Th) and trabecular number (Tb.N) and a significant decrease in inter-trabecular space (Tb.Sp) compared with the ovariectomized control group. The trabecular thickness (Tb.Th) in the test arm group was significantly higher compared with the ovariectomized-calcium treated group, and the inter-trabecular space (Tb.Sp) in the test arm group was significantly narrower compared with the ovariectomized-calcium treated group. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, ovariectomized rats that received Tualang honey showed more improvements in trabecular bone structure than the rats that received calcium.

Efecto antiinflamatorio de apitoxina de Apis mellifera sobre prostaglandina E2 del fluido crevicular gingival de pacientes con y sin enfermedad periodontal, sometidos a apiterapia: ensayo preliminar / Anti-inflammatory effect of apitoxin and Apis mellifera on prostaglandin E2 in gingival crevicular fluid of patients with and without periodontal disease, submitted to apitherapy: preliminary test

Introducción: La apitoxina que es producida por la Apis mellifera posee efecto antiinflamatorio sobre una serie de marcadores biológicos. La prostaglandina E2 forma parte de ellos, estando presente en el fluido gingival crevicular (FGC). La prostaglandina E2 es evidenciada en la enfermedad periodontal. Objetivo: En este estudio se evaluó el efecto antiinflamatorio de la apitoxina sobre la concentración de prostaglandina E2 del FGC de un paciente sin enfermedad periodontal (SEP) y otro con enfermedad periodontal (CEP). Materiales y Método: Se seleccionó un paciente SEP y otro CEP, que sometidos a apiterapia durante 28 días, se registraron 5 muestras por paciente de FGC, siendo almacenadas, centrifugadas y refrigeradas para su conservación. Posteriormente se midió la concentración de prostaglandina E2 crevicular mediante inmunodifusión radial simple en placas petri con concentración de anticuerpo anti prostaglandina E2 de 1:1000. Selladas a 4°C, se esperó 72 horas para permitir su difusión, tiñéndose con Azul brillante de Coomasie, determinándose la concentración de cada placa. Resultados: Paciente SEP inmediatamente antes de apiterapia presentó una concentración de 0.9636 ± 0.0055 (ug/uL), finalizando con una concentración de 0.9196+/-0.0733 (ug/uL) al completar 28 días de tratamiento. El paciente CEP antes de recibir apiterapia presento una concentración de 1.1866 +/- 0.0867 (ug/uL), finalizando con una concentración de 0.9858 +/- 0.0074 (ug/uL) al completar 28 días de tratamiento. Discusión: Los hallazgos de este estudio demuestran una disminución de la concentración de PGE2 del FGC tanto para el paciente CEP y SEP sometidos a apiterapia durante 28 días, siendo esta disminución 3.7 veces mayor en el paciente CEP.

Introduction: Apitoxin, which is produced by Apis mellifera, has anti-inflammatory effect on a number of biomarkers. Prostaglandin E2 is one of them, being present in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF). Prostaglandin E2 is evidenced in periodontal disease. Objective: This study evaluated the antiinflammatory effect of apitoxin on concentration of prostaglandin E2 FGC in a patient with no periodontal disease (SEP) and other with periodontal disease (CEP). Materials and Methods: We selected both a SEP and CEP patient who were subjected to apitherapy for 28 days. There were 5 samples per patient of FGC, being stored, centrifuged and refrigerated for their preservation. Subsequently, the concentrations of crevicular prostaglandin E2 were measured by simple radial immunodiffusion in petri dishes with antibody concentration of prostaglandin E2 of 1:1000. Sealed at 4 °C, after 72 hours to allow diffusion, they were stained with Coomassie Brilliant Blue, determining the concentration of each plate. Results: SEP patient immediately before apitherapy presented a concentration of 0.9636 +/- 0.0055 (g / mL), ending with a concentration of 0.9196 +/- 0.0733 (g / mL) upon completion of 28 days of treatment. CEP patient before receiving apitherapy showed a concentration of 1.1866 +/- 0.0867 (g/mL), ending with a concentration of 0.9858 +/- 0.0074 (g/mL) upon completion of 28 days of treatment. Discussion: The findings of this study show a decrease in the concentration of PGE2 of FGC both for the CEP and SEP patient subjected to apitherapy for 28 days, being this decrease 3.7 times higher in the CEP patient.

Chrysin reduces proliferation and induces apoptosis in the human prostate cancer cell line pc-3

INTRODUCTION: Honey is a common household product with many medicinal uses described in traditional medicine. Only recently has its antioxidant properties and preventive effects against disease been highlighted. Chrysin is a natural flavone commonly found in honey that has been shown to be an antioxidant agent. In this study, we investigated the antiproliferative and apoptotic effects of honey and chrysin on cultured human prostate cancer cells. METHODS: Cells were cultured in RPMI medium and treated with different concentrations of honey and chrysin for three consecutive days. Cell viability was quantitated by the 3-(4, 5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The percentage of apoptotic cells was determined by flow cytometry using Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate. RESULTS: The MTT assay revealed that both compounds had an antiproliferative effect on PC-3 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The IC50 values for honey and chrysin against PC-3 cells were 2.5 percent and 24.5 percent after 48 h and 1.8 percent and 8.5 percent after 72 h, respectively. Chrysin induced apoptosis in PC-3 cells, as determined by flow cytometry. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that honey has anti-proliferative effects on prostate cancer cells and the effects are mainly due to chrysin. Therefore, chrysin may be a potential compound for both cancer prevention and treatment. Further in vivo investigation is needed to support the use of chrysin in cancer therapy.

Comparison of intraperitoneal honey and sodium hyaluronate-carboxymethylcellulose (SeprafilmTM) for the prevention of postoperative intra-abdominal adhesions

BACKGROUND: Abdominal surgery can lead to postoperative intra-abdominal adhesions (PIAAs) with significant morbidity and mortality. This study compares the use of honey with a standard bioresorbable membrane (Seprafilm tm) to prevent the formation of PIAAs in rats. METHODS: Thirty rats underwent laparotomy, and PIAAs were induced by scraping the cecum. The animals were divided into three groups, each containing ten rats. Group 1 (control) represented the cecal abrasion group, with no intraperitoneal administration of any substance. Group 2 (honey group) underwent cecal abrasion and intraperitoneal administration of honey. Group 3 (Seprafilm tm group) underwent cecal abrasion and intraperitoneal Seprafilm tm application. RESULTS: Group 1 exhibited higher adhesion scores for adhesions between the abdominal wall and the organs. Groups 2 and 3 had decreased adhesive attachments to the intra-abdominal structures. Compared to group 1, the incidence of adhesion formation was lower in both group 2 (p=0.001) and group 3 (p=0.001). The incidence of fibrosis was also lower in group 2 (p=0.016) and group 3 (p=0.063) compared to group 1. There was no significant difference between the histopathological fibrosis scores for the rats in group 2 and those in group 3 (p= 0.688). CONCLUSION: This study suggests that both honey and Seprafilm tm decrease the incidence of PIAAs in the rat cecal abrasion model. Although the mechanism of action is not clear, intraperitoneal administration of honey reduced PIAAs. The outcome of this study demonstrates that honey is as effective as Seprafilm tm in preventing PIAAs.