Cuidados de enfermagem ao paciente adulto com drenagem torácica: protocolo de scoping review / Nursing care to adult patient with chest drainage: scoping review protocol

OBJETIVO: mapear os cuidados de enfermagem empregados aos pacientes adultos com drenagem torácica internados em terapia intensiva. MÉTODO: scoping review a ser conduzida conforme o Joanna Briggs Institute, com a seguinte questão de pesquisa: "quais são os cuidados de enfermagem indicados aos pacientes adultos com drenagem torácica internados em terapia intensiva?". A busca será desenvolvida em cinco bases de dados: Pubmed, Scopus, Embase, BVS e Web of Science, e os achados serão geridos com o auxílio do software Rayyan. Serão incluídos estudos quantitativos e qualitativos, artigos de revisão, dissertações, teses, diretrizes clínicas e protocolos terapêuticos sobre a temática, incluindo a literatura cinzenta. Será descrito o número total de fontes de evidência encontradas e selecionadas. Através de uma narrativa, será detalhado o processo de decisão da inclusão dos estudos. Os principais achados deverão estar descritos em consonância com o objetivo e os resultados relacionados à questão de pesquisa.

OBJECTIVE: to map nursing care employed to adult patients with chest drainage admitted to intensive care. METHOD: scoping review to be conducted according to the Joanna Briggs Institute, with the following research question: "What are the nursing cares indicated to adult patients with chest drainage admitted to intensive care?". The search will be developed in five databases: Pubmed, Scopus, Embase, BVS and Web of Science, and the findings will be managed with the support of Rayyan software. Quantitative and qualitative studies, review articles, dissertations, theses, clinical guidelines and therapeutic protocols on the subject will be included, including gray literature. The total number of sources of evidence found and selected will be described. Through a narrative, the decision-making process of the inclusion of the studies will be detailed. The main findings must be described in line with the objective and the results related to the research question.

The Aortic Pathologies: How Far We Understand It and Its Implications on Thoracic Aortic Surgery

Abstract Thoracic aortic diseases contribute to a major part of cardiac surgeries. The severity of pathologies varies significantly from emergency and life-threatening to conservatively managed conditions. Life-threatening conditions include type A aortic dissection and rupture. Aortic aneurysm is an example of a conservatively managed condition. Pathologies that affect the arterial wall can have a profound impact on the presentation of such cases. Several risk factors have been identified that increase the risk of emergency presentations such as connective tissue disease, hypertension, and vasculitis. The understanding of aortic pathologies is essential to improve management and clinical outcomes.

Effects of Inspiratory Muscle Training Using an Electronic Device on Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Abstract Background Cardiac surgery causes pathophysiological changes that favor the occurrence of pulmonary and functional complications. Objective To investigate the effects of inspiratory muscle training (IMT) with an electronic device on patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Methods A randomized controlled trial was conducted with 30 adult patients undergoing elective cardiac surgery. A control group (CG) received conventional physical therapy care, and an intervention group (IG) received IMT using the POWERbreathe K5® electronic device. Two daily sessions of physical therapy were performed at the intensive care unit and one daily session at the ward until the sixth postoperative day. The following variables were measured preoperatively and on the sixth postoperative day, in both groups: inspiratory muscle strength, dynamic inspiratory muscle strength, and peak inspiratory flow. Data distribution was evaluated by the Shapiro-Wilk test. Analysis of variance was used, and the results were considered statistically significant when p < 0.05. Results Maximal inspiratory pressure (71.7 ± 17.1 cmH2O vs 63.3 ± 21.3 cmH2O; p = 0.11], S-index (52.61 ± 18.61 vs 51.08 ± 20.71), and peak inspiratory flow [(2.94 ± 1.09 vs 2.79 ± 1.26)] were maintained in the IG but had a significant reduction in the CG. Conclusion IMT performed with an electronic device was effective at maintaining inspiratory muscle strength, dynamic inspiratory muscle strength, and peak inspiratory flow when compared to conventional physical therapy. Int J Cardiovasc Sci. 2020; [online].ahead print, PP.0-0

Perspectives of bilateral thoracic sympathectomy for treatment of heart failure

Surgical neuromodulation therapies are still considered a last resort when standard therapies have failed for patients with progressive heart failure (HF). Although a number of experimental studies have provided robust evidence of its effectiveness, the lack of strong clinical evidence discourages practitioners. Thoracic unilateral sympathectomy has been extensively studied and has failed to show significant clinical improvement in HF patients. Most recently, bilateral sympathectomy effect was associated with a high degree of success in HF models, opening the perspective to be investigated in randomized controlled clinical trials. In addition, a series of clinical trials showed that bilateral sympathectomy was associated with a decreased risk of sudden death, which is an important outcome in patients with HF. These aspects indicates that bilateral sympathectomy could be an important alternative in the treatment of HF wherein pharmacological treatment barely reaches the target dose.

Anestesia total intravenosa con remifentanilo vs fentanilo como base analgésica en cirugía torácica electiva / Intravenous total anesthesia with remifentanil and fentanyl as analgesic base in elective thoracic surgery

Introducción: Mantener una oxigenación adecuada durante la ventilación a un solo pulmón es el problema fundamental al que se enfrenta el anestesiólogo durante la cirugía torácica, es por ello que se mantiene una constante búsqueda del método anestésico ideal que ayude a lograr dicho objetivo. Objetivos: Evaluar los resultados de dos técnicas de anestesia total intravenosa con remifentanilo y fentanilo como base analgésica e identificar la aparición de complicaciones durante la intervención quirúrgica. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio causiexperimental prospectivo, en el Hospital Docente Clínico Quirúrgico Dr. Salvador Allende, entre enero 2013 a diciembre 2015 en 40 pacientes ASA II o III que requirieron procedimientos intratorácicos. Estos se dividieron en dos grupos. A (remifentanilo-propofol) y B (fentanilo-propofol). Se estudiaron variables hemodinámicas, de oxigenación durante la ventilación unipulmonar, el tiempo de recuperación anestésica (ventilación espontánea, apertura ocular, extubación) y la analgesia posoperatoria. Resultados: No existieron variaciones significativas en la hemodinamia, ni en la oxigenación de los enfermos con el empleo de ambas técnicas anestésicas; sin embargo, el despertar y recuperación posoperatoria a corto plazo fue mejor en el grupo A. La intensidad del dolor posoperatorio según la escala visual análoga fue menor en el grupo B. Conclusiones: Ambas técnicas son efectivas para procedimientos quirúrgicos torácicos. Con mínima interferencia en la hemodinámia y parámetros de oxigenación(AU)

Introduction: Maintaining adequate oxygenation during single-lung ventilation is a fundamental concern faced by the anesthesiologist during thoracic surgery; therefore, a constant search is maintained for the ideal anesthetic method that helps achieve this goal is maintained. Objectives: To evaluate the outcomes of two total intravenous anesthesia techniques with remifentanil and fentanyl as analgesic base and to identify the onset of complications during surgery. Methods: A prospective and quasi-experimental study was carried out at Dr. Salvador Allende Clinical-Surgical Hospital, between January 2013 and December, with 40 ASA II or III patients who required intrathoracic procedures. These were divided into two groups: A (remifentanil-propofol) and B (fentanyl-propofol). Hemodynamic variables and others of oxygenation during one-lung ventilation were studied, together with anesthetic recovery time (spontaneous ventilation, ocular opening, extubation) and postoperative analgesia. Results: There were no significant variations in the hemodynamics or oxygenation of patients with the use of both anesthetic techniques; however, awakening and short-term postoperative recovery was better in group A. Postoperative pain intensity, based on the analogue-visual scale, was lower in group B. Conclusion: Both techniques are effective for thoracic surgical procedures, with minimal effect in hemodynamics and oxygenation parameters(AU)

Cirugía torácica videoasistida uniportal en dos centros universitarios: experiencia inicial / Initial experience in uniportal video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery at two university campuses

Resumen Introducción: Uno de los mayores avances de las últimas décadas en la cirugía de tórax ha sido el desarrollo de la cirugía mínimamente invasiva. Objetivos: Describir la experiencia en videotoracoscopía (VATS) Uniportal de miembros del equipo de Cirugía de Tórax de la Universidad de Chile en 2 campos clínicos, (Clínica Las Condes y Hospital Clínico de la Universidad de Chile). Materiales y Método: Se estudiaron 105 pacientes sometidos a VATS uniportal entre enero de 2016 y enero de 2019. Los datos se analizaron de manera retrospectiva considerando variables demográficas (edad, sexo) y clínicas (diagnóstico, cirugía, estadía hospitalaria, días de pleurostomía, conversión y complicaciones). Resultados: De las 105 cirugías realizadas, 28 (26,6%) correspondieron a cirugías mayores complejas lobectomías y segmentectomías anatómicas. En 4 pacientes se agregó un 2° puerto, uno se convirtió a minitoracotomía y uno a toracotomía (5,7% conversión global). La estadía hospitalaria fue en promedio 3,07 ± 3,1 días y el promedio de mantención de pleurostomía de 2,67 ± 1,61 días. Siete pacientes (6,6%) presentaron complicaciones postoperatorias. Un paciente falleció por progresión de su enfermedad, no hubo mortalidad relacionada a la cirugía. Discusión: Las contraindicaciones de la VATS uniportal son las mismas que en la VATS multipuerto. En manos experimentadas, las complicaciones en cirugía por puerto único son bajas. Impresiona tener menos dolor postoperatorio, menor estadía hospitalaria y reintegración precoz a las actividades diarias comparado con la VATS tradicional. Conclusiones: Se presenta la primera serie de VATS uniportal publicada en Chile. Los resultados obtenidos son comparables a los observados en la literatura. Su implementación y desarrollo requiere de una curva de aprendizaje similar a cualquier nueva técnica quirúrgica.

Objective: To describe the initial results with uniportal Video-Thoracoscopic Surgery (VATS) performed in two campuses by members of the Section of Thoracic Surgery of the University of Chile ("Clínica Las Condes" and University of Chile Clinical Hospital). Materials and Method: Between January 2016 and January 2019, a total of 105 patients underwent uniportal VATS. Clinical data was collected retrospectively from digital records including demographic (age, sex) and clinical variables (diagnosis, surgery, duration of the chest tube, length of stay, conversion rate and postoperative complications). Results: Uniportal VATS was performed on 105 patients during the study period. Twenty-eight cases (26.6%) corresponded to lobectomy or anatomic segmentectomy. In 4 cases a 2nd port was required, 1 patient had to be converted to mini-thoracotomy and 1 to thoracotomy (5.8% global conversion). Overall, the median length of stay was 3.07 ± 3.1 days and the median duration of chest tube drainage was 2.67 ± 1.61 days. Seven patients (6.6%) presented complications. One patient died due to progression of his disease, there were no deaths related to the procedures. Discussion: Uniportal VATS has similar indications than multiportal VATS. On experienced hands, uniportal VATS has a low morbidity rate. Uniportal VATS appears to produce less post-operative pain, with shorter hospital stay and a faster return to normal life compared to standard VATS. Conclusion: We present the first uniportal VATS series in Chile. Results were similar to published series. Implementation and development of uniportal VATS requires a learning curve similar to any new surgical procedure.

Robotic thoracic surgery for resection of thymoma and tumors of the thymus: technical development and initial experience / Cirurgia torácica robótica para ressecção de timoma e tumores tímicos: desenvolvimento técnico e experiência inicial

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the results of resection of tumors of the thymus by robotic thoracic surgery, analyzing the extent of resection, postoperative complications, time of surgery, and length of stay. Methods: Retrospective study from a database involving patients diagnosed with a tumor of the thymus and undergoing robotic thoracic surgery at one of seven hospitals in Brazil between October of 2015 and June of 2018. Results: During the study period, there were 18 cases of resection of tumors of the thymus: thymoma, in 12; carcinoma, in 2; and carcinoid tumor, in 1; high-grade sarcoma, in 1; teratoma, in 1; and thymolipoma, in 1. The mean lesion size was 60.1 ± 32.0 mm. Tumors of the thymus were resected with tumor-free margins in 17 cases. The median (interquartile range) for pleural drain time and hospital stay, in days, was 1 (1-3) and 2 (2-4), respectively. There was no need for surgical conversion, and there were no major complications. Conclusions: Robotic thoracic surgery for resection of tumors of the thymus has been shown to be feasible and safe, with a low risk of complications and with postoperative outcomes comparable to those of other techniques.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar os resultados da ressecção de tumores tímicos por cirurgia torácica robótica, verificando a radicalidade da ressecção, complicações pós-operatórias, tempo de cirurgia e tempo de internação. Métodos: Estudo retrospectivo a partir de um banco de dados envolvendo pacientes com diagnóstico de tumor tímico e submetidos à cirurgia torácica robótica em sete hospitais no Brasil entre outubro de 2015 e junho de 2018. Resultados: Durante o período estudado, houve 18 casos de ressecção de tumores tímicos (timomas, em 12; carcinoma tímico, em 2; e tumor carcinoide tímico, sarcoma tímico de alto grau, teratoma tímico e timolipoma, em 1 cada). A média do tamanho das lesões foi de 60,1 ± 32,0 mm. Tumores tímicos foram ressecados com margens livres em 17 casos. As medianas (intervalos interquartis) de tempo de dreno pleural e de internação, em dias, foram 1 (1-3) e 2 (2-4), respectivamente. Não houve necessidade de conversão cirúrgica nem complicações maiores. Conclusões: A cirurgia torácica robótica para a ressecção de tumores tímicos demonstrou ser factível e segura, com baixo risco de complicações e desfechos pós-operatórios comparáveis aos de outras técnicas.

Definiciones operativas y protocolo anestésico durante la pandemia producida por SARS-CoV-2 en un programa de cirugía cardíaca pediátrica / Operative definitions and anesthetic protocol during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in a pediatric cardiac surgery program

The clinical characteristics of the pediatric population infected with the SARS-CoV-2 virus in general are not as severe as in the adult population, so they can be considered asymptomatic carriers. The pediatric patient with congenital heart disease are considered a high risk group of contagion in the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, so healthcare personnel who interact with patients must have established guidelines to avoid transmission and spread of the disease. Each country is commanded by the central guidelines established by its health system considering operative definitions and protocols, but in certain places these guidelines do not fulfill international standards, as those proposed by the World Health Organization. In this communication we have done a current literature review and adaptation of the recommendations to face the infectious outbreak due to the SARS-CoV-2 virus in pediatric cardiovascular surgery programs, specifically in the ​​anesthesiology area. We also analyze the type of personal protective equipment that should be used in each area of ​​patient management, changes in the environment of work areas, shift times of health personnel, the protection of personnel performing transesophageal echocardiography, modification of the airway management algorithms, proper placement and withdrawal of personal protective equipment, patients transfer between wards or other services, and adequate disinfection of airway equipment used.

Las características clínicas de la población pediátrica contagiada del virus SARS-CoV-2 en general no son tan severas como en la población adulta, por lo que pueden ser considerados portadores asintomáticos. El paciente pediátrico con cardiopatía congénita pertenece a un grupo de alto riesgo de contagio dentro de la pandemia producida por el SARS-CoV-2, por lo que el personal sanitario que interactúe con los pacientes debe tener lineamientos establecidos para evitar la transmisión y propagación de la enfermedad. Cada país se rige por las guías centrales establecidas por su sistema de salud en cuanto a definiciones operativas y protocolos, pero en algunos lugares estas directrices no cumplen las metas internacionales, como las propuestas por la Organización Mundial de la Salud. En este comunicado hemos realizado una revisión de la literatura actual y adaptación de las recomendaciones para enfrentar el brote infeccioso por el virus SARS-CoV-2 en los programas de cirugía cardiovascular pediátrica, específicamente en el área de anestesiología. También analizamos el tipo de equipo de protección personal que debe ser utilizado en cada área del manejo de pacientes, cambios del ambiente de las áreas de trabajo, rotación de personal, la protección del personal que realiza ecocardiografía transesofágica, modificación de los algoritmos de manejo de la vía aérea, colocación y retiro correctos del equipo de protección personal, traslado de los pacientes entre servicios, y adecuada desinfección del equipo utilizado en el manejo de la vía aérea.

Adverse Events and Risk Factors of Blood Transfusion in Cardiovascular Surgery: A Prospective Cohort Study

Abstract Background: Hemodilution, transoperative bleeding and cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) are some of the factors associated with high transfusion rates in cardiac surgery. Objective: To analyze the incidence of blood transfusion and early postoperative outcomes in cardiac surgery patients. Methods: Cohort study of patients undergoing cardiac surgery in a university hospital, consecutively enrolled from May 2015 to February 2017. Data were prospectively collected and comparisons were made between two patients' groups: transfused and not transfused. Student's t-test, chi-square test, and logistic regression were used, and a p-value < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: Among the 271 patients evaluated, 100 (37%) required transfusion in the transoperative (32.1%) and/or postoperative periods (19.5%). The following predictors of transfusion were identified by multivariate analysis: EuroScore II (OR 1.2); chronic kidney disease (CKD) (OR 3.2); transoperative bleeding ≥ 500 mL (OR 6.7); baseline hemoglobin (Hb) ≤ 10 g/dL (OR 11.5); activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) (OR 1.1) and CPB duration (OR 1.03). Transfusion was associated with prolonged mechanical ventilation (≥ 24h) (2.4% vs. 23%), delirium (5.9% vs. 18%), bronchopneumonia (1.2% vs. 16%), acute renal failure (3.5% vs. 25%), acute on CKD (0.6% vs. 8%), stroke or transient ischemic attack (1.8% vs. 8%), intensive care unit stay ≥ 72 h (36% vs. 57%), longer hospital stay (8 ± 4 days vs. 16 ± 15 days), as well as increased early mortality (1.75% vs. 15%). Conclusion: EuroScore II, CKD, major transoperative bleeding, preoperative Hb and aPTT values and CPB time were independent predictors of transfusion, which was associated with a higher rate of adverse outcomes, including early mortality.

Efectividad de la gabapentina en el dolor tras la cirugía abdominal mayor / Effectiveness of gabapentin for pain management after surgery of the upper abdomen

Introducción: El dolor posoperatorio en la cirugía de tórax y hemiabdomen superior tiene un fuerte componente neuropático, por ello se le asocia con evolución hacia el dolor crónico. Sobre esta base se aplican los anticonvulsivantes como parte del tratamiento multimodal. Objetivos: Evaluar la efectividad analgésica y seguridad de la gabapentina en el tratamiento del dolor tras cirugía de tórax y abdomen superior. Método: Se realizó un estudio causiexperimental, comparativo y prospectivo con los pacientes anunciados para cirugía de abdomen superior y tórax, en el periodo de 2015 a 2017. Se incluyeron 30 pacientes divididos en 2 grupos. El grupo Grupo G: (n=14) recibió tratamiento con gabapentina 100 mg vía oral el día antes de la intervención y cada 12 h en el posoperatorio hasta las 24 h. El Grupo C: (n=16) recibió la analgesia convencional pautada para este tipo de intervención. Resultados: La muestra fue homogénea para la edad y el sexo. Los niveles de intensidad del dolor fueron menores en el grupo de gabapentina y esta diferencia se hace más significativa a las 24 h de la cirugía. Ello se corresponde con menor necesidad de analgesia de rescate (71 por ciento vs 100 por ciento). Las complicaciones asociadas resultaron más frecuentes en el grupo estudio a expensas de las náuseas, aunque sin diferencias significativas. Conclusiones: El empleo de gabapentina en el perioperatorio garantiza mejor control del dolor con escasas complicaciones(AU)

Introduction: Post-operative pain in upper thorax and hemiabdomen surgery has a solid neuropathic component; it is therefore associated with evolution towards chronic pain. On this basis, anticonvulsants are applied as part of the multimodal treatment. Objectives: To evaluate analgesic effectiveness and safety of gabapentin for management of pain after thorax and upper abdomen surgery. Method: A quasiexperimental, comparative and prospective study was conducted with the patients announced for surgery of the upper abdomen and thorax, in the period from 2015 to 2017. Thirty patients divided into 2 groups were included. The Group G (n=14) received treatment with gabapentin 100 mg orally the day before the intervention and every 12 h in the postoperative period until 24 h. The Group C (n=16) received the conventional analgesia prescribed for this type of intervention. Results: The sample was homogeneous regarding age and sex. Pain intensity levels were lower in the gabapentin group and this difference becomes more significant 24 hours after surgery. This corresponds to a lower need for rescue analgesia (71 percent vs. 100 percent). Associated complications were more frequent in the study group at the expense of nausea, although there were no significant differences. Conclusions: The use of gabapentin in the perioperative period guarantees better pain control with few complications(AU)

Traumatismo penetrante cardiaco: caracterización, resultados inmediatos y variables asociadas a morbilidad y mortalidad en pacientes operados / Penetrating cardiac trauma: findings, outcomes and prognostic factors in operated patients

INTRODUCCIÓN: El traumatismo penetrante cardiaco (TPC) por sus características y en particular por su alta mortalidad, constituye un desafío quirúrgico permanente. OBJETIVOS: Describir las características, resultados inmediatos y factores pronósticos en TPC. MATERIALES Y MÉTODO: Estudio descriptivo transversal, revisión de protocolos prospectivos de traumatismo torácico, registros de pabellón y fichas clínicas. Período enero de 1990-diciembre de 2017. Se incluyeron todos los pacientes con TPC operados. Se describen y analizan diversas variables. Se realizó regresión logística con análisis univariado y multivariado para identificar variables asociadas a morbilidad, deterioro neurológico y mortalidad. RESULTADOS: 220 pacientes operados por TPC, 209 (95,0%) hombres, edad promedio 30,4 ± 13,3, mediana 27 años. Mecanismo: agresión en 202 (91,8%). El agente traumático fue en 186 (84,5%) arma blanca, en 21 (9,5%) arma de fuego. Presentaban taponamiento 169 (76,8%) pacientes, ingresaron en shock 103 (46,8%) y en paro cardiorrespiratorio 20 (9,1%). Vía de abordaje fue esternotomía en 157 (71,4%), toracotomía izquierda en 58 (26,4%). Las cavidades cardiacas lesionadas más frecuentes fueron ventrículo derecho en 110 (50,0%), ventrículo izquierdo en 72 (32,7%). Se hospitalizaron en UCI en el postoperatorio 135 (61,4%), se transfundieron 74 (33,6%), presentaron complicaciones 60 (27,3%) y se reoperaron 21 (9,5%). Mortalidad 28 (12,7%). La estadía postoperatoria tuvo una mediana de 6 días (rango 1-150). Se identificaron factores pronósticos. DISCUSIÓN: Los TPC operados son más frecuentes en hombres agredidos con arma blanca, la cavidad lesionada más frecuente es el ventrículo derecho. Nuestra morbimortalidad es comparable con series internacionales.

INTRODUCTION: Penetrating cardiac trauma (PCT) constitute a permanent surgical challenge due to it characteristics and high mortality. AIM: To describe the findings, outcomes and prognostic factors in PCT. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Cross-sectional descriptive study, review of prospective thoracic trauma protocols and surgical registries. Period January 1990-December 2017. All patients with PCT were included. Various variables are described and analyzed. Univariate and multivariate analysis were performed to identify factors associated with morbidity, neurologic dysfunction and mortality. RESULTS: 220 patients PCT, 209 (95.0%) men, mean age 30.4 ± 13.3, median 27 years. Mechanism: Aggression in 202 (91.8%). The traumatic agent was cold steel in 186 (84.4%) and fire arm in 21 (9.5%). 169 (76.8%) patients presented with tamponade, 103 (46.8%) shock and 20 (9.1%) cardiopulmonary arrest. Approach was sternotomy in 157 (71.4%), left thoracotomy in 58 (26.4%). The most common injured areas were right ventricle in 110 (50.0%), left ventricle in 72 (32.7%). 135 (61.4%) patients needed postoperative ICU and 74 (33.6%) were transfused. Complications occurred in 60 (27.3%). Twenty-one (9.5%) were reoperated. Mortality 28 (12.7%). The postoperative median stay was 6 days (Range 1-150). Prognostic factors were identified. DISCUSSION: Operated PCT are more frequent in men with stab wound, the most common injured area is the right ventricle. The morbidity and mortality is comparable with international series.

Percutaneous endoscopic debridement and irrigation for thoracic infections

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: To investigate the safety and efficacy of percutaneous endoscopic debridement and irrigation for thoracic infections and to make an appropriate choice according to the patient's condition. METHODS. Thirty patients with thoracic infections who received surgical treatment from August 2014 to December2016 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 16 males and 14 females, aged from 41 to 90 years, with an average of 64.4 years. A total of 9 cases were treated with percutaneous endoscopic debridement and irrigation (minimal group), and 21 cases were treated with open debridement in combination with pedicle screw fixation (conventional group). Patients underwent follow-up for 1 month. General condition, operative index, laboratory results, and imaging features were recorded. RESULTS. Compared with the conventional group, there were more comorbidities in patients in the minimal group (8 cases in the minimal group, 10 cases in the conventional group, P=0.049), shorter hospital stay (10.1 + 2.26 days in the minimal group, 16.1 + 6.81 days in the conventional group, P=0.016), less bleeding volume (383.3 + 229.86ml in the minimal group, 90 + 11.18ml in the conventional group, P=0.000), lower VAS score at discharge (2.9 + 0.93 in the minimal group, 3.9 + 0.91 in the conventional group, P=0.013). There was no spinal instability case in the minimal group, 10 cases in the conventional group, P=0.013. There were significant differences. The C reaction protein prior to operation in the minimal group was 28.4±7.50mg/L. Compared with 45.1 + 15.78mg/L in the conventional group, P=0.005, it was lower. CONCLUSIONS. Percutaneous endoscopic debridement and irrigation are an effective surgery for treatment of thoracic infections, especially suitable for patients with comorbidities and poor general condition. However, for severe infection and spinal instability, we tend to choose open surgery in combination with fixation.

RESUMO OBJETIVOS: Investigar a eficácia e segurança de desbridamento endoscópico percutâneo e irrigação torácica para infecções e fazer uma escolha adequada de acordo com a condição do paciente. MÉTODOS: Trinta pacientes com infecção torácica que receberam tratamento cirúrgico de agosto de 2014 a dezembro de 2016 foram analisadosretrospectivamente. Havia 16 homens e 14 mulheres, de 41 a 90 anos, com uma média de 64,4 anos. Nove casos foram tratados com desbridamento endoscópico percutâneo e irrigação (grupo mínimo) e 21 casos foram tratados com desbridamento aberto em combinação com fixação do parafuso pedicular(grupo convencional). Os pacientes foram submetidos a acompanhamento durante um mês. Estado geral, índice operacional, resultados de laboratório e imagem e funcionalidades foram gravados. RESULTADOS: Em comparação com o grupo convencional, há mais comorbidades em pacientes do grupo mínimo (8 casos no grupo mínimo, 10 casos no grupo convencional, P = 0,049), menos tempo no hospital (10,1 + 2,26 dias no grupo mínimo, 16,1 + 6,81 dias no grupo convencional, P = 0,016), menos volume de sangramento (383,3 + 229,86 ml no grupo mínimo, 90 + 11,18 ml no grupo convencional, P = 0,000), menor pontuação no VAS a quitação (2,9 + 0,93 no grupo mínimo, 3,9 + 0,91 no grupo convencional, P = 0,013). Não houve nenhum caso de instabilidade espinhal no grupo mínimo, e 10 casos no grupo convencional, P = 0,013. Houve diferenças significativas. O nível de proteína C-reativa antes da operação no grupo mínimo era de 28,4±7,50mg/L. Em comparação com 45,1 + 15,78 mg/L no grupo convencional, P = 0,005, era mais baixa. CONCLUSÃO: O método de desbridamento endoscópico percutâneo e irrigação é eficaz para o tratamento de infecções em cirurgia torácica, especialmente adequado para pacientes com comorbidades e mau estado geral. Mas, para a infecção grave e instabilidade vertebral, tendemos a escolher a cirurgia aberta em combinação com a fixação.

Apoplejía hipofisaria en posoperatorio inmediato de cirugía cardiaca: a propósito de un caso / Postoperative pituitary apoplexy: case report after a cardiac surgery

Pituitary apoplexy is caused by ischemia or hemorrhage and is considered a medical emergency. A percentage of undiagnosed pituitary adenomas may be diagnosed in the postoperative period of cardiac surgery. The clinical picture is a consequence of the increase in pressure which causes compression on cerebral structures (optic chiasm, cranial nerves) and hormonal deficit. We present a clinical case of a 69-year-old Caucasian male, who debuted with a clinical syndrome of the left cavernous sinus in the immediate postoperative period of cardiac surgery. Clinical and imaging studies (MRI) confirmed the diagnosis of pituitary apoplexy. The condition was solved satisfactorily with replacement therapy. She underwent urgery sixth days later due to persistence of visual symptoms.

La apoplejía hipofisaria se produce por un infarto o una hemorragia en dicha glándula y se considera una emergencia médica. Un porcentaje de adenomas hipofisarios no diagnosticados debutan clínicamente así, pudiéndose producir en el postoperatorio de cirugía cardiaca. El cuadro clínico es consecuencia del aumento de presión y volumen en el interior de la silla turca, lo que origina compresión de las estructuras cerebrales colindantes (quiasma óptico, silla turca, nervios craneales, etc.) y déficit hormonal. Presentamos un caso clínico de un varón de raza caucásica de 69 años, el cual debuta con un síndrome clínico de seno cavernoso izquierdo en el posoperatorio inmediato de una cirugía cardiaca. La clínica y los estudios de imagen (RMN) confirmaron el diagnóstico de apoplejía hipofisaria. El cuadro se resolvió satisfactoriamente con tratamiento esteroideo sustitutivo y cirugía al sexto día del inicio de los síntomas por persistencia de los síntomas visuales.

[RETRACTED ARTICLE] Comparison of Arndt-endobronchial blocker plus laryngeal mask airway with left-sided double-lumen endobronchial tube in one-lung ventilation in thoracic surgery in the morbidly obese

This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility and performance of Arndt-endobronchial blocker (Arndt) combined with laryngeal mask airway (LMA) compared with left-sided double-lumen endobronchial tube (L-DLT) in morbidly obese patients in one-lung ventilation (OLV). In a prospective, randomized double-blind controlled clinical trial, 80 morbidly obese patients (ASA I-III, aged 20-70) undergoing general anesthesia for elective thoracic surgeries were randomly allocated into groups Arndt (n=40) and L-DLT (n=40). In group Arndt, a LMA™ Proseal was placed followed by an Arndt-endobronchial blocker. In group L-DLT, patients were intubated with a left-sided double-lumen endotracheal tube. Primary endpoints were the airway establishment, ease of insertion, oxygenation, lung collapse and surgical field exposure. Results showed similar ease of airway establishment and tube/device insertion between the two groups. Oxygen arterial pressure (PaO2) of patients in the Arndt group was significantly higher than L-DLT (154±46 vs 105±52 mmHg; P<0.05). Quality of lung collapse and surgical field exposure in the Arndt group was significantly better than L-DLT (effective rate 100 vs 90%; P<0.05). Duration of surgery and anesthesia were significantly shorter in the Arndt group (2.4±1.7 vs 3.1±1.8 and 2.8±1.9 vs 3.8±1.8 h, respectively; P<0.05). Incidence of hoarseness of voice and incidence and severity of throat pain at the post-anesthesia care unit and 12, 24, 48, and 72 h after surgery were significantly lower in the Arndt group (P<0.05). Findings suggested that Arndt-endobronchial blocker combined with LMA can serve as a promising alternative for morbidly obese patients in OLV in thoracic surgery.