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1.
Braz. J. Anesth. (Impr.) ; 73(5): 611-619, 2023. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: biblio-1520348

RESUMO

Abstract Introduction: Arterial lactate, mixed venous O2 saturation, venous minus arterial CO2 partial pressure (Pv-aCO2) and the ratio between this gradient and the arterial minus venous oxygen content (Pv-aCO2/Ca-vO2) were proposed as markers of tissue hypoperfusion and oxygenation. The main goals were to characterize the determinants of Pv-aCO2 and Pv-aCO2/Ca-vO2, and the interchangeability of the variables calculated from mixed and central venous samples. Methods: 35 cardiac surgery patients were included. Variables were measured or calculated: after anesthesia induction (T1), end of surgery (T2), and at 6-8 hours intervals after ICU admission (T3 and T4). Results: Macrohemodynamics was characterized by increased cardiac index and low systemic vascular resistances after surgery (p < 0.05). Hemoglobin, arterial-pH, lactate, and systemic O2 metabolism showed significant changes during the study (p < 0.05). Pv-aCO2 remained high and without changes, Pv-aCO2/Ca-vO2 was also high and decreased at T4 (p < 0.05). A significant correlation was observed globally and at each time interval, between Pv-aCO2 or Pv-aCO2/Ca-vO2 with factors that may affect the CO2 hemoglobin dissociation. A multilevel linear regression model with Pv-aCO2 and Pv-aCO2/Ca-vO2 as outcome variables showed a significant association for Pv-aCO2 with SvO2, and BE (p < 0.05), while Pv-aCO2/Ca-vO2 was significantly associated with Hb, SvO2, and BE (p < 0.05) but not with cardiac output. Measurements and calculations from mixed and central venous blood were not interchangeable. Conclusions: Pv-aCO2 and Pv-aCO2/Ca-vO2 could be influenced by different factors that affect the CO2 dissociation curve, these variables should be considered with caution in cardiac surgery patients. Finally, central venous and mixed values were not interchangeable.


Assuntos
Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Cardíacos , Perfusão , Dióxido de Carbono , Anaerobiose
2.
Oncología (Guayaquil) ; 32(3): 334-342, 2 de diciembre del 2022.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1411158

RESUMO

Introducción: La glucosa es el combustible energético cerebral, esta relación es establecida de manera integral en la inmensa mayoría de revisiones, debido al ávido consumo -y casi exclusivo - glucósico por parte del tejido neuronal. En esta esfera, la hipoglucemia se traduce por defecto en un conjunto de síntomas neurológicos, resultado del estado neuroglucopénico. Cuando la caída de estos niveles glicémicos es pronunciada desencadena alteraciones del estado sensorial, pudiendo llegar al coma con daños irreversibles de sostenerse en el tiempo. Propósito de la revisión: El objetivo de la revisión es presentar un caso de hipoglucemia severa sin sintomatología neuroglucopénica. Recientes hallazgos: Al ausencia de sintomatología neurológica se da debido al consumo del lactato ­ tradicionalmente producto anaerobiótico ­ como una vía metabólica energética alternativa al consumo de glucosa. La hipoglucemia puede ser compensada a nivel neurológico con sistemas lanzadores de lactato en el tejido neuronal, este puede sustituir a la glucosa como sustrato energético del cerebro. Conclusiones: La hipoglicemia sin síntomas adrenérgicos o neuroglucopénicos es un tema vinculado a pacientes oncológicos, y propone al lactato como combustible del tejido nervioso adicional a la glucosa. Por otra parte, la asociación lactato = hipoperfusión, es otra entidad que debe ser revisada y reanalizada por todo lo que implica el lactato dentro de la vía fisiopatológica metabólica corporal.


Introduction: Glucose is the cerebral energy fuel; this relationship is fully established in most re-views due to neuronal tissue's avid and almost exclusive glucose consumption. In this sphere, hypoglycemia is translated by default into a set of neurological symptoms resulting from the neuroglycopenic state. When the drop in these glycemic levels is pronounced, it triggers alterations in the sensory state, being able to reach a coma with irreversible damage if sustained over time. Purpose of the review: The objective is to present a case of severe hypoglycemia without neu-roglycopenic symptoms. Recent findings: The absence of neurological symptoms is due to the consumption of lactate ­ traditionally an anaerobic product ­ as an alternative energy metabolic pathway to glucosa consumption. Hypoglycemia can be compensated at the neurological level with lactate launching systems in neuronal tissue, replacing glucose as the brain's energy substrate. Conclusions: Hypoglycemia without adrenergic or neuroglycopenic symptoms is an issue linked to cancer patients, and lactate is proposed as fuel for nervous tissue in addition to glucose. On the other hand, the lactate-hypoperfusion association is another entity that must be reviewed and reanalyzed for everything that lactate implies within the body's metabolic pathophysiological pathway.


Assuntos
Humanos , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Ácido Láctico , Hipoglicemia , Oncologia , Encefalopatias Metabólicas , Ácido Pirúvico , Anaerobiose
3.
Biol. Res ; 55: 13-13, 2022. graf
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: biblio-1383918

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Tellurium is a rare metalloid that exerts high toxicity on cells, especially on bacteria, partly due to reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Moreover, it has also been observed that tellurite can target free cell thiols groups (RSH) (i.e. reduced glutathione (GSH)), enhancing the cellular redox imbalance. Additionally, in vitro experiments have suggested that several enzymes can reduce tellurite (IV) to its elemental form (0); where RSH present on their active sites may be responsible for the process. Nevertheless, the mechanisms implemented by bacteria for tellurite reduction and its role in resistance have not been evaluated in vivo. RESULTS: This work shows that tellurite reduction to elemental tellurium is increased under anaerobic conditions in E. coli cells. The in vivo tellurite reduction is related to the intracellular concentration of total RSH, in the presence and absence of oxygen. This metabolization of tellurite directly contributes to the resistance of the bacteria to the oxyanion. CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrated that in vivo tellurite reduction is related to the intracellular thiol concentration, i.e. large availability of cellular RSH groups, results in a more significant reduction of tellurite. Furthermore, we observed that, when the bacterium exhibits less resistance to the oxyanion, a decreased tellurite reduction was seen, affecting the growth fitness. Together, these results let us propose that tellurite reduction and the intracellular RSH content are related to the oxyanion bacterial resistance, this tripartite mechanism in an oxygen independent anaerobic process.


Assuntos
Telúrio , Escherichia coli , Oxirredução , Anaerobiose
4.
Rev. Eugenio Espejo ; 15(2): 115-136, 20210516.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1252504

RESUMO

Blastocystis es un stramenopile o cromista, pleomórfico no móvil. Se han identificado diecinue-ve subtipos de este organismo (ST1-ST19). Tiene una presencia a nivel mundial. Este microor-ganismo tiene un metabolismo intermediario anaeróbico. Un aspecto interesante de la bioquími-ca de este stramenopile está dado por la presencia de organelas similares a mitocondrias con un conjunto de rutas: cadena de fosforilación oxidativa incompleta, ciclo de Krebs parcial, metabo-lismo de ácidos grasos (anabolismo y catabolismo), metabolismo de aminoácidos y ensamblaje de proteínas con centros hierro/azufre. El tratamiento se ha basado tradicionalmente en metroni-dazol y otros imidazoles. Sin embargo, hay un número creciente de cepas resistentes a esos medicamentos. La reciente obtención del genoma nuclear y los estudios bioquímicos, proteómi-cos, metabolómicos, interactómicos permitirán el desarrollo racional de nuevos fármacos curati-vos. El objetivo de esta revisión es describir el metabolismo de Blastocystis spp


Blastocystis is a stramenopile or chromist, nonmobile pleomorphic. Nineteen subtypes of this organism (ST1-ST19) have been identified worldwide. This microorganism has an intermediate anaerobic metabolism. An interesting aspect of the biochemistry of this stramenopile is given by the presence of mitochondrial-like organelles with a set of pathways: incomplete oxidative phos-phorylation chain, partial Krebs cycle, fatty acid metabolism (anabolism and catabolism), amino acid metabolism and protein assembly with iron / sulfur centers. Treatment has traditionally been based on metronidazole and other imidazoles. However, there are a growing number of strains resistant to these drugs. The recent obtaining of the nuclear genome and the biochemical, proteomic, metabolomic and interactomic studies will allow the rational development of new curative drugs. The objective of this review is to describe the metabolism of Blastocystis spp.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Doenças Parasitárias , Blastocystis , Metabolismo , Anaerobiose , Metronidazol , Antígenos de Protozoários
5.
Electron J Biotechnol ; 49: 34-41, Jan. 2021. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: biblio-1291638

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: This work studied how the exposure to an unusual substrate forced a change in microbial populations during anaerobic fermentation of crude glycerol, a by-product of biodiesel production, with freshwater sediment used as an inoculum. RESULTS: The microbial associations almost completely (99.9%) utilized the glycerol contained in crude glycerol 6 g L 1 within four days, releasing gases, organic acids (acetic, butyric) and alcohols (ethanol, n-butanol) under anaerobic conditions. In comparison with control medium without glycerol, adding crude glycerol to the medium increased the amount of ethanol and n-butanol production and it was not significantly affected by incubation temperature (28 C or 37 C), nor incubation time (4 or 8 d), but it resulted in reduced amount of butyric acid. Higher volume of gas was produced at 37 C despite the fact that the overall bacterial count was smaller than the one measured at 20 C. Main microbial phyla of the inoculum were Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria and Firmicutes. During fermentation, significant changes were observed and Firmicutes, especially Clostridium spp., began to dominate, and the number of Actinobacteria and Gammaproteobacteria decreased accordingly. Concentration of Archaea decreased, especially in medium with crude glycerol. These changes were confirmed both by culturing and culture-independent (concentration of 16S rDNA) methods. CONCLUSIONS: Crude glycerol led to the adaptation of freshwater sediment microbial populations to this substrate. Changes of microbial community were a result of a community adaptation to a new source of carbon.


Assuntos
Bactérias/isolamento & purificação , Sedimentos Geológicos/microbiologia , Água Doce/microbiologia , Glicerol/metabolismo , Bactérias/metabolismo , Adaptação Biológica , Biocombustíveis , Fermentação , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo Real/métodos , Anaerobiose
6.
Braz. arch. biol. technol ; 63: e20180130, 2020. graf
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: biblio-1132195

RESUMO

Abstract Color removal from textile effluents was evaluated using a laboratory-combined process based on an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor followed by a shallow polishing pond (SPP). The anaerobic reactor was fed with a real textile effluent, diluted 10-times in a 350 mg/L solution of pre-treated residual yeast extract from a brewery industry as nutrient source. The parameters color, COD, N-NH3 and toxicity were monitored throughout 45 days of operation. According to the results, decolorization and COD removal were highest in the anaerobic step, whereas the effluent was polished in the SPP unit. The overall efficiency of the complete UASB-SPP system for COD and color were 88 and 62%, respectively. Moreover, the N-NH3 generated by the residual yeast extract ammonification was below 5 mg/L for the final effluent. Finally, no toxicity was detected after the treatment steps, as shown by the Vibrio fischeri microscale assay.


Assuntos
Animais , Têxteis/toxicidade , Eliminação de Resíduos Líquidos/métodos , Purificação da Água/métodos , Leveduras , Testes de Toxicidade , Reatores Biológicos , Aliivibrio fischeri , Anaerobiose
7.
Rio de Janeiro; s.n; 2020. 176 p. graf, ilus, tab.
Tese em Português | LILACS | ID: biblio-1425156

RESUMO

A interação entre membros do microbioma intestinal humano, células hospedeiras e patógenos invasores pode ocorrer de diversas formas, sendo uma delas através de pequenas moléculas chamadas metabólitos. A percepção e resposta efetiva de um microrganismo às diferentes condições encontradas em seu ambiente, incluindo metabólitos produzidos por outros microrganismos, são fatores importantes para sua adaptação, sobrevivência e disseminação. Os sistemas de dois componentes (TCS) permitem a percepção e resposta a mudanças ambientais, regulando a expressão de genes específicos. Nosso grupo mostrou anteriormente que um extrato orgânico de fezes humanas (EF), bem como o ácido 3,4-dimetilbenzoico (3,4-DMB), encontrado no EF, inibe a capacidade de Salmonella enterica sorovar Typhimurium de invadir células hospedeiras. O presente trabalho propôs investigar o impacto do microbioma intestinal humano, bem como de pequenas moléculas produzidas por Clostridium citroniae (membro deste microbioma) na expressão e atividade dos genes de TCS de Salmonella. Os metabólitos de EF e de culturas puras de C. citroniae foram extraídos com acetato de etila e adicionados a meio de cultura. O pH do meio foi ajustado (~ 7,4) e a solução foi esterilizada por filtragem. Salmonella foi cultivada na presença ou ausência do EF e do extrato de C. citroniae, bem como do ácido 3,4-DMB, em condições aeróbias e anaeróbias, até alcançar o meio da fase logarítmica de crescimento. O RNA foi extraído para a realização de PCR em Tempo Real utilizando iniciadores direcionados a quase todos os TCS de Salmonella. Nossos resultados mostraram que vários genes de TCS envolvidos na virulência de Salmonella (SsrAB, EnvZ-OmpR, QseCB, PhoQP, TorSR, TtrRS) foram regulados diferencialmente por esses metabólitos, tanto em condições aeróbias quanto anaeróbias. EnvZ-OmpR, PhoPQ e SsrAB estão diretamente envolvidos na regulação das Ilhas de Patogenicidade 1 e 2 de Salmonella. QseCB é crucial para a detecção de quorum em Salmonella, de hormônios hospedeiros e para a regulação da motilidade (swimming). Vários outros TCS também foram regulados, incluindo TorSR e TtrRS, envolvidos na regulação da respiração anaeróbica de N-óxido de trimetilamina (TMAO) e tetrationato, respectivamente. Esses compostos são importantes para a sobrevivência de Salmonella no ambiente anaeróbico do intestino humano. Nossos resultados de avaliação de expressão gênica global de Salmonella cultivada na presença de ácido 3,4-DMB (aerobiose e anaerobiose) bem como na presença do EF em anaerobiose, mostraram que genes condificados em SPI-1 e SPI-2, SPI-4 e alguns genes do TCS foram reprimidos, enquanto genes marR, marB e marA foram ativadas nessas condições. Adicionalmente, comparamos nossos resultados de RNAseq, de Salmonella cultivada na presença do ácido 3,4-DMB em aerobiose, com resultados disponíveis da base de dados Salmonella Compendium. Ainda, a capacidade de Salmonella de adentrar e sobreviver dentro de células fagocíticas (macrófagos RAW 264.7) parece ser afetada pelas três condições testadas neste trabalho. Nossos resultados mostram que importantes vias de sinalização da virulência de Salmonella podem ser moduladas pelos metabólitos presentes no microbioma intestinal humano e abrem caminhos para novas pesquisas sobre a sinalização intercelular microbioma-patógeno no ambiente intestinal.


The interaction between members of the human gut microbiome, host cells and invading pathogens often occurs through small molecules, also called metabolites. The perception and effective response of a microorganism to the different conditions found in its environment, including metabolites produced by other microbes, is important for its adaptation, survival and dissemination. Two-component systems (TCS) allow the perception and response to environmental changes by regulating the expression of specific genes. Our group previously showed that organic extracts of human feces (EF) as well as the specific metabolite 3,4-dimethylbenzoic acid (3,4-DMB) found within the EF, inhibit the ability of Salmonella enterica sorovar Typhimurium to invade host cells. In the present work, we investigated the impact of the human gut microbiome as well as small molecules produced by Clostridium citroniae (a member of this microbiome) on the expression and activity of Salmonella TCS genes. Metabolites (from feces or C. citroniae cultures) were extracted using ethyl acetate and added to culture medium. The pH of the medium was adjusted (~7.4), and the solution was filter sterilized. Salmonella was grown in the presence or absence of the organic extracts as well as 3,4-DMB acid under aerobic and anaerobic conditions until it reached mid-log growth. RNA was then extracted for Real-time PCR using primers targeting almost all Salmonella TCS. Our results showed that several TCS involved in Salmonella virulence (SsrAB, EnvZ-OmpR, QseCB, PhoQP, TorSR, TtrRS) were differentially regulated by these metabolites both in aerobic and anaerobic conditions. EnvZ-OmpR, PhoPQ, and SsrAB are directly involved in the regulation of Salmonella Pathogenicity Islands 1 and 2. QseCB is crucial for Salmonella =quorum sensing, sensing of host hormones and regulation of swimming motility. Several other TCS were also regulated, including TorSR and TtrRS, which are involved in the anaerobic respiration of trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) and tetrathionate, respectively. These compounds are important for Salmonella survival in the anaerobic environment of the human gut. Our results of the evaluation of global Salmonella gene expression grown in the presence of 3,4-DMB acid (aerobiosis and anaerobiosis) as well as in the presence of EF in anaerobiosis, showed that genes encoded in SPI-1 and SPI-2, SPI-4 and some TCS genes have been repressed, while multiple drug resistance genes, as well marR, marB and marA genes have been activated under these conditions. Besides, we compared our results of RNAseq, Salmonella was grown in the presence of 3,4-DMB acid in aerobiosis, with results available from the Salmonella Compendium database. Also, Salmonella's ability to enter and survive within phagocytic cells (macrophages RAW 264.7) appears to be affected by the three conditions tested in this work. Our results show that important Salmonella virulence signalling pathways can be modulated by the metabolites present in the human intestinal microbiome and open the way for further research on the microbiome-pathogen intercellular signalling in the intestinal environment.


Assuntos
Humanos , Salmonella enterica , Metaboloma , Intestinos/microbiologia , Salmonella typhimurium , Aerobiose , Fatores de Virulência , Ilhas Genômicas , Fezes/virologia , Microbiota , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Anaerobiose
8.
Electron. j. biotechnol ; 37: 25-33, Jan. 2019. tab, graf, ilus
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: biblio-1051225

RESUMO

Background: Ammonium stress is a prime limiting phenomenon that occurs during methane formation from poultry manure. It is caused by elevated ammonium nitrogen concentrations that result from substrate decomposition. The amounts of methane formed depend on the activity of methanogenic microbes. Results: During the research reported in this paper, the response of a mesophilic consortium inhabiting a biogas reactor to rising load of poultry manure was investigated. The taxonomic composition of bacterial population was mostly typical, however syntrophic bacteria were not detected. This absence resulted in limitation of succession of some methanogenic microorganisms, especially obligate hydrogenotrophs. The methanogenic activity of the consortium was totally dependent on the activity of Methanosaeta. Inhibition of methanoganesis was noticed at ammonium nitrogen concentration of 3.68 g/L, total cessation occurred at 5.45 g/L. Significant amounts of acetic acid in the fermentation pulp accompanied the inhibition. Conclusions: The effectiveness of the consortium was totally dependent on the metabolic activity of the acetoclastic Methanoseata genus and lack of SAOB did not allow hydrogenotrophic methanogens to propagate and lead to cessation of biogas production at an elevated ammonium concentration at which acetoclastic methanogens were inhibited.


Assuntos
Methanosarcinaceae/metabolismo , Biocombustíveis , Microbiota , Anaerobiose , Aves Domésticas , Estresse Fisiológico , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Impressões Digitais de DNA , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Archaea/metabolismo , Biodiversidade , Fermentação , Consórcios Microbianos , Compostos de Amônio , Esterco , Metano , Nitrogênio
9.
Electron. j. biotechnol ; 39: 61-66, may. 2019. graf, tab
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: biblio-1052032

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Triclosan (TCS) is an antimicrobial agent widely used in health care and consumer products. This compound is present in sludge of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), and because of its bactericidal characteristics, it can inhibit the methanogenic activity in anaerobic digestion (AD) technology. The aim of this study was to evaluate the toxic effects of TCS on the methanogenic activity. RESULTS: Batch anaerobic reactors were used with TCS concentrations of 7.8, 15.7, 23.5, and 31.4 mg/L. These assays consisted in three successive feedings (I, II, and III), wherein the sludge was exposed to each TCS concentration and volatile fatty acid (VFA) substrate. For evaluation of the residual sludge activity during feeding III, only VFA was used. The results showed that the increase in TCS concentrations correlated with the reduction in methane (CH4) production. In this case, the minimum values were achieved for TCS concentration of 31.4 mg/L with CH4 levels between 101.9 and 245.3 during feedings I, II, and III. Regarding the effect of TCS on VFA consumption, an inhibitory effect was detected for TCS concentrations of 23.5 and 31.4 mg/L, with concentrations of acetic, butyric, and propionic acids at the end of the assay (37 d) between 153.6 and 206.8, 62.5 and 60.1, and 93.4 and 110 mg/L, respectively. Regarding the removal of TCS during AD, these values were above 47%. Conclusion: TCS is an inhibitor of methanogenic activity with a decrease between 63 and 70% during the different feedings. The CH4 production was not recovered during feeding III, with inhibition percentages of 21­72%.


Assuntos
Triclosan/toxicidade , Digestão Anaeróbia , Metano/metabolismo , Anti-Infecciosos/toxicidade , Esgotos , Estações de Tratamento de Águas Residuárias , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Ácidos Graxos Voláteis , Anaerobiose
10.
Electron. j. biotechnol ; 39: 98-106, may. 2019. tab, graf, ilus
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: biblio-1052269

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: The amount of municipal solid waste (MSW) gradually increased along with the rapid development of modern cities. A large amount of landfill leachate are generated with excessive chemical oxygen demand (COD), which create a great deal of pressure on the environment-friendly treatment process. Anaerobic digestion is an ideal technique to solve the above problem. RESULTS: A thermophilic granular sludge was successfully adapted for anaerobic digestion of MSW leachate (from an aging large-scale landfill) for methane production. The COD degradation efficiency improved by 81.8%, while the methane production rate reached 117.3 mL CH4/(g VS d), which was 2.34-fold more than the control condition. The bacterial and archaeal communities involved in the process were revealed by 16S rRNA gene high-throughput pyrosequencing. The richness of the bacterial community decreased in the process of thermophilic granular sludge, while the archaeal community structure presented a reverse phenomenon. The bacterial genus, Methanosaeta was the most abundant during the mesophilic process, while Methanobacterium, Methanoculleus, Methanosaeta and Methanosarcina were more evenly distributed. The more balanced community distribution between hydrogenotrophic and acetotrophic methanogens implied a closer interaction between the microbes, which further contributed to higher methane productivity. The detailed relationship between the key functional communities and anaerobic digestion performances were demonstrated via the multivariate canonical correspondence analysis. Conclusions: With the assistance of adaptive thermophilic granular sludge, microbial community structure was more evenly distributed, while both of COD degradation rate and methane production was improved during anaerobic digestion of MSW landfill leachate.


Assuntos
Bactérias Anaeróbias/metabolismo , Resíduos Sólidos , Digestão Anaeróbia , Tratamento de Lodos , Metano/metabolismo , Esgotos/microbiologia , Bactérias Anaeróbias/isolamento & purificação , Poluentes Químicos da Água , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Área Urbana , Biocombustíveis , Análise da Demanda Biológica de Oxigênio , Temperatura Alta , Anaerobiose
11.
Educ. fis. deporte ; 38(1): https://revistas.udea.edu.co/index.php/educacionfisicaydeporte/article/view/338652, Enero 2019.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1104417

RESUMO

Objetivo: determinar factores asociados a la potencia anaeróbica y capacidad cardiorrespiratoria en escolares de 12 a 17 años de Medellín-Colombia. Método: estudio transversal con escolares, a quienes se les realizaron mediciones sociodemográficas (sexo, edad, grado de escolaridad), antropométricas (peso, talla, circunferencia de cintura y de cadera, sobrepeso, obesidad abdominal), y de condición física (potencia anaeróbica, índice de fatiga y capacidad cardiorrespiratoria). Resultados: las variables antropométricas y sociodemográficas influyen en la condición física. Padecer sobrepeso, obesidad abdominal y ser mujer, fueron factores que se asociaron con un menor desarrollo en las pruebas de potencia anaeróbica y con la capacidad cardiorrespiratoria. La mediana de generación de watts de potencia por kilogramo en una persona con obesidad abdominal fue de 4, comparado con 6,9 en alguien sin esta condición. La potencia anaeróbica se correlaciona con la capacidad cardiorrespiratoria. Conclusiones: se logró identificar que sí hay asociación entre la potencia anaeróbica y algunas variables antropométricas y sociodemográficas.


Objective: To determine associated factors with anaerobic power and cardiorespiratory fitness in schoolchildren aged 12 to 17 years old in Medellín, Colombia. Methods: Cross-sectional study with schoolchildren, who underwent to sociodemographic (sex, age, level of education), anthropometric (weight, height, waist and hip circumference, overweight, abdominal obesity), and physical condition (anaerobic power, fatigue and cardiorespiratory fitness) measurements. Results: Anthropometric and sociodemographic variables influence the physical fitness. Being overweight, abdominal obesity and being a woman were factors associated with lesser development in anaerobic power tests and cardiorespiratory fitness. Median of watts of power per kilogram in a person with abdominal obesity was 4, compared to 6.9 in someone without this condition. Anaerobic power correlates with cardiorespiratory fitness. Conclusions: It was possible to identify that there is an association between anaerobic power and some anthropometric and sociodemographic variables.


Objetivo: determinar os fatores associados à potência anaeróbia e à capacidade cardiorrespiratória em escolares de 12 a 17 anos de Medellín-Colômbia. Métodos: estudo transversal em escolares em que foram desenvolvidas medições sociodemográficas (sexo, idade, grau de escolaridade), antropométricas (peso, estatura, circunferência da cintura e quadril, sobrepeso, obesidade abdominal) e de condição física (Potência anaeróbia, taxa de fadiga e capacidade cardiorrespiratória). Resultados: as variáveis antropométricas e sociodemográficas influenciam a condição física. O sobrepeso, a obesidade abdominal e ser mulher foram fatores que se associaram com menor desenvolvimento nos testes de potência anaeróbia e com a capacidade cardiorrespiratória. A geração mediana de watts de poder por quilograma em uma pessoa com obesidade abdominal era 4, comparada com o 6,9 em alguém sem esta circunstância. O poder anaeróbio se correlaciona com a capacidade cardiorrespiratória. Conclusões: identificou-se que se existe ligação entre potência anaeróbia e algumas variáveis antropométricas e sociodemográficas.


Assuntos
Instituições Acadêmicas , Esportes , Exercício Físico , Aptidão Cardiorrespiratória , Anaerobiose
12.
Motriz (Online) ; 25(3): e101910, 2019. tab, ilus
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: biblio-1040651

RESUMO

Aim: The present study aimed to verify if there is a difference between genders in anaerobic capacity estimated by energetic equivalents of glycolytic and phosphagen pathways (AC[La-]+EPOCfast). Methods: In this way, 8 men and 8 women (physical education students) were subjected to the following sequence of tests: session 1) graded exercise test to measure the maximal oxygen consumption (VÖ½ O2max) and intensity associated with VÖ½ O2max (iVÖ½ O2max); sessions 2 to 3) familiarization with supramaximal effort at 115% of iVÖ½ O2max; session 4) supramaximal effort at 115% of iVÖ½ O2max to measure AC[La-]+EPOCfast. Results: The AC[La-]+EPOCfast was lower in women compared to men when expressed in absolute and relative values (-38.11%; p=0.01 and -25.71%; p=0.03, respectively). A non-significant difference was observed in performance in the supramaximal effort (-12.08%; p=0.15), besides which, a likely negative inference was observed when comparing women to men. In addition, energetic equivalents of the glycolytic pathway (e[La- ]) were also lower in women when expressed in relative and absolute values (-47.01%; p=0.001 and -36.71%; p=0.001, respectively), however no statistical difference was found for energetic equivalents of the phosphagen pathway (ePCr) (p>0.05). Conclusion: The AC[La-]+EPOCfast is lower in women compared to men, mainly due to differences in the glycolytic pathway.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Caracteres Sexuais , Esforço Físico/fisiologia , Ácido Láctico/sangue , Glicólise/fisiologia , Anaerobiose/fisiologia
13.
Braz. arch. biol. technol ; 62: e19180504, 2019. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: biblio-1055407

RESUMO

Abstract The aim of this work is to evaluate the performance of upflow anaerobic fixed bed reactors filled with espresso coffee capsules to treat sanitary sewage. Three reactors (R1, R2 and R3) were constructed in blue PVC pipes measuring 30 cm height and 150 mm diameter and filled with coffee capsules made of aluminum and plastic. The sewage from the pre-treatment phase of the wastewater treatment plant of the Federal University of Lavras fed the system. Temperature, pH, alkalinity and volatile acids concentration, COD, TS, TVS and TSS of the influent and effluent were analyzed to evaluate the reactors performances. Statistics tests were run in the software Statistica 10. Changes occurred in the organic loading rates caused two different operating phases, one at an OLR of 2.1 kg COD m-3d-1 and another at 4.0 kg COD m-3d-1. The average temperature during the monitoring period was 18°C. In spite of the operating conditions variations, the reactors showed satisfactory performances, presenting COD efficiency removals up to 80% in both phases. The capsules characteristics were similar to other materials used as support. Hence, it is possible to utilize coffee capsules as support material in anaerobic reactors, providing satisfactory pollutants removal efficiencies.


Assuntos
Esgotos Domésticos , Biomassa , Reutilização de Equipamento , Eficiência , Anaerobiose , Imobilização
14.
Rev chil anest ; 48(5): 412-426, 2019. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | UY-BNMED, BNUY, LILACS | ID: biblio-1370902

RESUMO

Antecedentes: En pacientes críticos ha sido propuesta la medida de los parámetros derivados de las presiones parciales de CO2 como indicadores de una adecuada perfusión y oxigenación tisular. Su utilización en cirugía cardiaca (CC) con circulación extracorpórea (CEC) no está aún dilucidada. Objetivo primario: Determinar la utilidad del ∆pv-aCO2 y del cociente ∆pv-aCO2/C(a-v)O2 como indicadores de gasto cardíaco y metabolismo anaeróbico. Como objetivo secundario: el valor pronóstico de ambos, en pacientes adultos sometidos a CC con CEC. Métodos: Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica en: PubMed, EBSCOhost, LILACS, SciELO, CO-CHRANE y en el sitio Web de SCIENCE DIRECT. Fueron seleccionados 12 artículos originales. Resultados: En 7 estudios se analizó el ∆pv-aCO2 y en 2 el cociente ∆pv-aCO2/C(a-v)O2). No existió relación entre estos y el gasto cardíaco, SvO2, SvCO2 y el lactato o esta fue estadísticamente muy débil por lo que su relevancia clínica fue cuestionable. Siete estudios analizaron el valor pronóstico ∆pv-aCO2 y/o el ∆pv-aCO2/C(a-v)O2) en cuanto a complicaciones postoperatorios y/o mortalidad, encontrando resultados contradictorios. Los estudios seleccionados tuvieron un alto riesgo de sesgo por los tipos de estudios y por sus diferencias metodológicas. Conclusión: No existe evidencia suficiente que permita sostener que la ∆pv-aCO2 y/o el ∆pv-aCO2/C(a-v)O2) sean indicadores confiables de gasto cardiaco y/o de perfusión periférica así como de la evolución postoperatoria en pacientes adultos sometidos a CC con CEC. Se requiere una mejor comprensión de los acontecimientos fisiopatológicos que suceden en este tipo de cirugías.


Background: In critical patients, it has been proposed to measure the parameters derived from partial CO2 pressures as indicators of adequate peripheral perfusion and tissue oxygenation. Its use in cardiac surgery (CC) with extracorporeal circulation (CPB) is not yet elucidated. Primary objective: To determine the utility of ∆pv-aCO2 and the quotient ∆pv-aCO2/Ca-v O2 as indicators of cardiac output and anaerobic metabolism. As a secondary objective: to study the prognostic value of both, in adult patients undergoing CC with CPB. Methods: A literature search was carried out on: PubMed, EBSCOhost, LILACS, SciELO, COCHRANE and on the SCIENCE DIRECT website. 12 original articles were selected. Results: 7 studies analyzed the ∆pv-aCO2 and 2 the quotient ∆pv-aCO2/Ca-v O2. There was no relationship between these variables with the cardiac output, SvO2, SvCO2 and lactate or this was statistically very weak, so its clinical relevance was questionable. 7 studies analyzed the prognostic value ∆pv-aCO2 and/or ∆pv-aCO2/Ca-v O2 in terms of postoperative com-plications and/or mortality, finding contradictory results. The selected studies had a high risk of bias due to the types of studies and their methodological differences. Conclusion: There is not enough evidence to support that the ∆pv-aCO2 and/or the ∆pv-aCO2/Ca-v O2 are reliable indicators of cardiac output or tissue oxygenation as well as postoperative evolution in adult patients undergoing CC with CPB. It requires a better understanding of the pathophysiological events that occur in this type of surgery.


Assuntos
Humanos , Adulto , Dióxido de Carbono/uso terapêutico , Débito Cardíaco , Circulação Extracorpórea , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Cardíacos , Anaerobiose , Complicações Pós-Operatórias , Estudos Prospectivos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Estudos Observacionais como Assunto
15.
Braz. j. microbiol ; 49(4): 770-776, Oct.-Dec. 2018. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: biblio-974307

RESUMO

ABSTRACT Anaerobic digestion is important for the management of livestock manure with high ammonia level. Although ammonia effects on anaerobic digestion have been comprehensively studied, the molecular mechanism underlying ammonia inhibition still remains elusive. In this study, based on metatranscriptomic analysis, the transcriptional profile of microbial community in anaerobic digestion under low (1500 mg L-1) and high NH4 + (5000 mg L-1) concentrations, respectively, were revealed. The results showed that high NH4 + concentrations significantly inhibited methane production but facilitated the accumulations of volatile fatty acids. The expression of methanogenic pathway was significantly inhibited by high NH4 + concentration but most of the other pathways were not significantly affected. Furthermore, the expressions of methanogenic genes which encode acetyl-CoA decarbonylase and methyl-coenzyme M reductase were significantly inhibited by high NH4 + concentration. The inhibition of the co-expressions of the genes which encode acetyl-CoA decarbonylase was observed. Some genes involved in the pathways of aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis and ribosome were highly expressed under high NH4 + concentration. Consequently, the ammonia inhibition on anaerobic digestion mainly focused on methanogenic process by suppressing the expressions of genes which encode acetyl-CoA decarbonylase and methyl-coenzyme M reductase. This study improved the accuracy and depth of understanding ammonia inhibition on anaerobic digestion.


Assuntos
Bactérias/genética , Bactérias/metabolismo , Amônia/metabolismo , Bactérias/isolamento & purificação , Bactérias/classificação , Transcrição Gênica , Reatores Biológicos/microbiologia , Ácidos Graxos Voláteis/metabolismo , Microbiota , Anaerobiose , Metano/metabolismo
16.
Prensa méd. argent ; 104(8): 391-402, oct2018. tab, fig
Artigo em Espanhol | BINACIS, LILACS | ID: biblio-1050463

RESUMO

Objetivo: Determinar la Relación de la saturación central venosa de oxígeno (ScvO2) >_70% con la mortalidad, en el choque séptico en pacientes que ingresan al servicio de terapia intensiva pediátrica del HGR 36, Puebla. Métodos: Estudio, descriptivo, longitudinal, observacional. Se identificaron todos los pacientes de un mes a 14 años de edad que ingresaron a unidad de terapia intensiva con el diagnóstico de choque séptico. Se corroboró la colocación de un catéter venoso central para la medición de la ScvO2 a su ingreso y las 6 horas. Calificamos con el Indice Pediátrico de Mortalidad (PIM2) para medir el riesgo de mortalidad en cada paciente. Se realizó estadística descriptiva. Resultados: Fueron 15 pacientes, 8 (53.3%) femeninos y 7 (46.7%) masculinos. El PIM2 obtuvo un promedio de 7.42 % al ingreso, y a las 6 horas fue de 13.4%. El promedio de la saturación venosa central de oxígeno al ingreso de los pacientes a la terapia intensiva pediátrica fue de 56% y a las 6 horas el promedio alcanzó 71%. Ningún paciente falleció durante la reanimación cardiiopulmonar desde su ingreso. Conclusión: En base a los resultados anteriores podemos concluir, que no hay una correlación entre la ScvO2 >_ 70% y la mortalidad en los pacientes pediátricos con choque séptico


Objective: To determine the ratio of central venous oxygen saturation (ScvO2) >_ 70% mortality in septic shock patients admitted to pediatric intensive care unit of the HGR 36, Puebla. Methods: A descriptive, longitudinal, observational study. We identified all patients from one month to 14 years of age who were admitted to ICU with a diagnosis of septic shock. It confirmed the placement of a central venous atheter for the measurrement of income and ScvO2 to 6 hours. Qualified with the Pediatric Index of Mortality (PIM2) to measure the risk of death in each patient. We performed descriptive statistics. Results: there were 15 patients,eight (53.3%) female and 7 (46.7%) male. The PIM2 obtained an average of 7.42%. To entry, and 6 hours was 13.4%. The mean central venous oxygen saturation on admission of patients to the pediatric intensive care was 56% and 6 hours on average reached 71%. No patient died during cardiopulmonary resuscitation from your income. Conclusion: Based on previous results we can conclude that there is no coelation between ScvO2 >_70% and mortality in pediatric patients with septic shock


Assuntos
Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Adolescente , Consumo de Oxigênio , Choque Séptico/mortalidade , Biomarcadores , Síndrome de Resposta Inflamatória Sistêmica/tratamento farmacológico , Sepse/mortalidade , Cuidados Críticos , Anaerobiose , Hipóxia/diagnóstico
18.
Metro cienc ; 26(1): 39-42, jun. 2018.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-981567

RESUMO

Cuando hablamos del aclaramiento de lactato debemos conocer con claridad la complejidad del proceso, pues abarca todo el metabolismo del lactato desde su producción hasta su remoción: a este proceso se ha denominado equilibrio reversible de lactato. Este concepto que permitirá entender mejor los procesos dinámicos de su metabolismo no como producto final o de desecho (según, tradicionalmente, se nos ha hecho creer) sino, más bien, como un producto intermedio que ejerce funciones específicas y bien definidas que lo convierten no sólo en indicador de perfusión tisular sino en un indicador global del metabolismo celular.


When we talk about lactate clearance we have to be clear about the complexity of the process, since it involves the metabolism of lactate from its production to its removal what has been called reversible lactate equilibrium, this concept that will allow us to better understand the dynamic processes of its metabolism not as a final product or waste, as we have traditionally been led to believe, but rather as an intermediate product with specific and welldefined functions that make it not only an indicator of tissue perfusion, but a global indicator of metabolism cell


Assuntos
Humanos , Equilíbrio Ácido-Base , Taxa de Depuração Metabólica , Ácido Láctico , Anaerobiose , Metabolismo Energético
19.
Braz. j. microbiol ; 49(2): 258-268, Apr.-June 2018. graf
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: biblio-889233

RESUMO

Abstract Cellulosimicrobium cellulans CWS2, a novel strain capable of utilizing benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) as the sole carbon and energy source under nitrate-reducing conditions, was isolated from PAH-contaminated soil. Temperature and pH significantly affected BaP biodegradation, and the strain exhibited enhanced biodegradation ability at temperatures above 30 °C and between pH 7 and 10. The highest BaP removal rate (78.8%) was observed in 13 days when the initial BaP concentration was 10 mg/L, and the strain degraded BaP at constant rate even at a higher concentration (50 mg/L). Metal exposure experimental results illustrated that Cd(II) was the only metal ion that significantly inhibited biodegradation of BaP. The addition of 0.5 and 1.0 g/L glucose enhanced BaP biodegradation, while the addition of low-molecular-weight organic acids with stronger acidity reduced BaP removal rates during co-metabolic biodegradation. The addition of phenanthrene and pyrene, which were degraded to some extent by the strain, showed no distinct effect on BaP biodegradation. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis revealed that the five rings of BaP opened, producing compounds with one to four rings which were more bioavailable. Thus, the strain exhibited strong BaP degradation capability and has great potential in the remediation of BaP-/PAH-contaminated environments.


Assuntos
Microbiologia do Solo , Poluentes do Solo/metabolismo , Benzo(a)pireno/metabolismo , Actinobacteria/isolamento & purificação , Actinobacteria/metabolismo , Temperatura , Cádmio/metabolismo , Carbono/metabolismo , Ácidos Carboxílicos/metabolismo , Biotransformação , Actinobacteria/classificação , Meios de Cultura/química , Inibidores Enzimáticos/metabolismo , Glucose/metabolismo , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Anaerobiose , Cromatografia Gasosa-Espectrometria de Massas
20.
Semina cienc. biol. saude ; 39(1): 69-76, jan. 2018. tab
Artigo em Português | LILACS | ID: biblio-988189

RESUMO

O objetivo deste trabalho foi detectar a presença de Clostridium perfringens em 54 amostras de carne bovina embaladas a vácuo comercializadas na região do Distrito Federal, bem como detectar a presença da toxina cpe por PCR, ainda avaliar os meios de cultivo ágar SPS® e ágar TSC®, com e sem etapa de pré-enriquecimento das amostras em caldo infusão de cérebro e coração (BHI) na câmara de anaerobiose, e posterior incubação das placas de SPS® e TSC® tanto em jarra de anaerobiose, como em câmara de anaerobiose. Na análise da incubação das placas em ágar SPS® e TSC®, sem a etapa de pré-enriquecimento em caldo BHI na câmara de anaerobiose, observou-se o crescimento em apenas uma (1,85%) das 54 amostras analisadas, em ambos os meios de cultivo e formas de incubação. Com a etapa de pré-enriquecimento com caldo BHI em câmara de anaerobiose, observou-se crescimento em todas as 54 amostras (100%), em ambos os meios de cultivo e formas de incubação. Na reação em cadeia de polimerase (PCR) nenhuma das cepas oriundas das amostras analisadas apresentaram a amplificação de fragmento do gene da toxina cpe. Os resultados evidenciam a presença de C. perfringens em carnes embaladas a vácuo comercializadas no Distrito Federal e Entorno, porém não foi detectada a toxina cpe em nenhuma cepa isolada analisada. Na comparação estatística aplicando o teste qui-quadrado de McNemar, observou-se que houve diferença significativa (p<0,001) entre as análises sem e com a etapa de pré-enriquecimento em caldo BHI, verificando-se a influencia positiva do meio na recuperação de esporos, destacando desta forma a importância do enriquecimento prévio em meio BHI e a incubação em câmara de anaerobiose, na recuperação de esporos deste microrganismo.


The aim of this work was to detect Clostridium perfringens in 54 samples of vacuum packed beef sold at the Federal District area, and to detect the presence of the cpe toxin gene by Polymerase chain reaction (PCR), also evaluate the culture medium SPS® agar and TSC® agar, with and without pre-enrichment step of the samples in Brain Heart Infusion (BHI) broth in the anaerobic chamber, and to promote the incubation of the plates in anaerobic jar and anaerobic chamber. The results of the incubation on SPS® agar and TSC® agar, without the pre-enrichment step in BHI, growth was observed in only one (1,85%) of the 54 analyzed samples, in both culture media and incubation methods. With the pre-enrichment step with BHI broth in the anaerobic chamber, growth was observed in all 54 samples (100%), in both culture media and incubation methods. At the PCR, In the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), none of the strains from the analyzed samples showed fragment amplification of the toxin cpe gene. The results showed the presence of C. perfringens in vacuum packed beef samples commercialized at the Distrito Federal area and surroundings, however the cpe toxin was not detected in any isolated strain analyzed. In the statistical test using the McNemar chi-square test, a significant difference (p<0,001) was observed between the analysis with and without pre-enrichment step in BHI broth, verifying the positive influence of the medium in spore recovery, therefore to enhance the importance of the pre-enrichment stage in BHI broth and the incubation in anaerobic chamber in spore recovery for this microorganism.


Assuntos
Animais , Bovinos , Clostridium perfringens , Anaerobiose , Carne/análise
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