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1.
Acta med. costarric ; 64(2)jun. 2022.
Artigo em Espanhol | SaludCR, LILACS | ID: biblio-1419884

RESUMO

Objetivo: Determinar la viabilidad del cultivo de la bacteria Helicobacter pylori en Costa Rica por medio de la documentación de toma de muestras, la comparación del diagnóstico histopatológico y la descripción de los diagnósticos asociados a los aislamientos obtenidos con los resultados de la ureasa rápida. Métodos: Investigación descriptiva que involucró a pacientes de entre los 35 y 70 años, de ambos sexos, que asistieron al Servicio de Endoscopia Digestiva del Hospital Clínica Bíblica entre febrero y junio del 2019 para estudio gastroscópico. Se obtuvieron biopsias gástricas para diagnóstico histopatológico, prueba de ureasa rápida y cultivo de Helicobacter pylori. Para este último, se transportaron las biopsias en un medio de transporte semisólido, se maceró el tejido y se cultivó enagar Skirrow y agar selectivo para Helicobacter; una placa de cada medio se incubó a 37 °C en microaerofilia entre 48 horas y 10 días. La positividad del cultivo se realizó por observación de la morfología colonial y la bacteria se identificó por análisis microscópico al fresco, tinción de Gram y pruebas bioquímicas (catalasa, ureasa y oxidasa). Resultados: Se incluyó a 44 pacientes (edad: 50.6 ± 10.0, 54.5% masculinos). Se recuperó Helicobacter pylori en biopsias de 27 pacientes (61.4% de éxito). La recuperación de la bacteria fue similar en el medio Skirrow y en el selectivo para Helicobacter. El porcentaje de éxito de recuperación semanal aumentó durante el estudio hasta alcanzar un éxito del 100% en la semana 11. Se comparó el cultivo con la ureasa rápida en 27 pacientes y la concordancia entre ambos métodos fue de un coeficiente kappa de Cohen de 0.48. El cultivo detectó la bacteria en un 56% de los pacientes, la ureasa rápida en un 37% y la combinación de ambas técnicas permitió la detección en un 60%. El diagnóstico endoscópico más frecuente en los pacientes con cultivo positivo fue la gastritis eritematosa y gastritis crónica superficial y el diagnóstico histopatológico predominante fue gastritis crónica con atrofia gástrica. El diagnóstico por cultivo coincidió con la detección por azul de toluidina en un 80.4% de los casos. Conclusiones: Se puede implementar el cultivo de Helicobacter pylori en Costa Rica. Este estudio tuvo un porcentaje de recuperación de la bacteria de 61.4%. La combinación del método de cultivo con la prueba de ureasa rápida y la detección histológica contribuye a un diagnóstico certero y oportuno. Recomendamos que, con base en protocolos descritos en esta investigación, cada laboratorio estandarice las condiciones que le permitan un buen porcentaje de recuperación y una implementación adaptada a sus actividades de rutina.


Aim: To document the recent experiences on the implementation of sampling and culturing Helicobacter pylori in Costa Rica, to compare it with other diagnostic methods: rapid urease test and histopathology and to describe the diagnoses associated with the obtained isolates. Methods: Descriptive research involving patients who visited the digestive endoscopy department of the Clínica Bíblica hospital in San José, Costa Rica between February and July of 2019 for gastroscopy. Gastric biopsies were obtained and histopathological analysis, rapid urease test, and bacteriological culture for Helicobacter pylori were performed. For culture techniques, the sample was transported in an in-house semi-solid medium. Biopsy fragments were macerated and plated on Skirrow agar and Helicobacterselective in-house agar, and incubated in microaerophilic atmosphere for 48 hours to 10 days. Culture positivity was determined by observation of the colonial morphology and microscopic observation; Gram staining and biochemical tests (urease, catalase, and oxidase) were used for bacterial identification. Results: 44 patients (mean aged 50.6 ± 10.0 years old, 54.5% male) were included in the study. Helicobacter pylori was recovered in biopsies from 27 patients (61.4% success rate). Bacterial growth was similar regardless the culture medium, but the physiological state of the bacteria was better in the Helicobacter-selective agar than in Skirrow. The weekly recovery rate increased to reach a 100% recovery plateau on week 11. Culture was compared with the rapid urease test in 27 patients, and the concordance between both methods using Cohen's kappa coefficient was 0.48. Whilst the culture detected Helicobacter pylori in 56% of the patients, and the rapid urease test in 37%, the combination of both allowed a 60% rate. The most frequent endoscopic diagnosis in patients with positive cultures were erythematous gastritis and chronic superficial gastritis, and the predominant histopathological diagnosis was chronic atrophic gastritis. Culture-based diagnosis was consistent with the histopathology detection of Helicobacter pylori in 80.4% of the cases. Conclusions: The implementation of H. pylori culture in Costa Rica is possible. This study had a 61.4% recovery rate. The combination of culture with rapid urease test and histopathology increases the probability of an accurate and timely diagnosis. We recommend that, based on previously described protocols such as ours, each laboratory adjusts the conditions to allow a good recovery rate and implement H. pylori diagnostic methods most suitable to their routine activities.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Neoplasias Gástricas/diagnóstico , Bacteriologia , Helicobacter pylori/isolamento & purificação , Costa Rica
2.
Hist. ciênc. saúde-Manguinhos ; 29(1): 195-214, Mar. 2022. graf
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: biblio-1375600

RESUMO

Abstract As of the nineteenth century, the number of world fairs and hygiene exhibitions grew significantly. This phenomenon was linked to the experience of modernity and the emergence of bacteriology, when different cities were sanitized with the aim of combating urban diseases and epidemics. For the purpose of sanitary education and hygiene propaganda, many objects and pictures were displayed in hygiene exhibitions and museums, such as the International Hygiene Exhibition of 1911 and the German Hygiene Museum, both in Dresden. The goal of this article is to analyze a chapter of the international history of health through images that portray the connections between the German Hygiene Museum and Latin American countries between 1911 and 1933.


Resumo A partir do século XIX, o número de exposições universais e de exposições de higiene cresceu significativamente. Esse fenômeno estava ligado à experiência da modernidade e ao surgimento da bacteriologia, quando diferentes cidades foram higienizadas com o objetivo de combater doenças e epidemias urbanas. Visando à educação sanitária e à propaganda da higiene, inúmeros objetos e imagens foram exibidos em exposições e museus de higiene, como na Exposição Internacional de Higiene de 1911 e no Museu Alemão de Higiene, ambos em Dresden. O objetivo deste artigo é analisar um capítulo da história internacional da saúde por meio de imagens que retratam as conexões entre o Museu Alemão de Higiene e os países latino-americanos de 1911 a 1933.


Assuntos
Bacteriologia , Higiene , Saúde Global , Exposições Educativas , Prevenção de Doenças , Exposições como Assunto , História do Século XIX , América Latina
3.
Rev. cuba. med. mil ; 50(2): e670, 2021. graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1341442

RESUMO

Un acontecimiento en la vida del doctor Carlos Juan Finlay Barrés motivó al Maestro Esteban Valderrama Peña a realizar la composición pictórica Triunfo de Finlay. La pintura representa al médico cubano exponiendo ante una comisión médica militar estadounidense, su teoría sobre el modo de contagio de la fiebre amarilla y el ente transmisor, el mosquito Aedes aegypti. Finlay había estudiado durante años la enfermedad sin que las autoridades coloniales reconocieran los resultados de sus investigaciones, a pesar de que la enfermedad causaba estragos en los militares españoles y la población. En 1898 la intervención norteamericana en la guerra de los cubanos contra el colonialismo español, generó la necesidad de sanear la Isla y crear condiciones higiénicas favorables para la estancia de las tropas norteñas. El general y médico Leonard Wood fijó su atención en la teoría de Finlay y solicitó al gobierno de su país especialistas para verificarla. Fue enviada una comisión dirigida por el mayor Walter Reed, cirujano del ejército y catedrático de bacteriología de la Facultad de Medicina Militar en Washington, para confirmarla. En la pintura, el artista representó la reunión de Finlay con la comisión norteña. El presente trabajo destaca la trascendencia de la obra, su valor estético y la integración del arte, la historia, la medicina y la ciencia. Se propone incluir su estudio como parte del trabajo educativo dirigido a fomentar la cultura general en la formación de los profesionales de la salud(AU)


One event for Doctor Carlos J. Finlay Barrés was the motive for the oil painting composition named "Triumph of Finlay" by Master of Art Esteban Valderrama Peña. The picture shows Finlay presenting his theory about the transmission of yellow fever by mosquitoes to the US Army Yellow Fever Commission. He had conceived a new infection way able to explain the propagation of the illness, and added the possibility of their scientific confirmation by experimental method. In 1898 the US army took place in the Cuban`s fighting against the Spanish colonialism. This circumstance beginning the need to improve the sanitary condition in the Island to create favorable hygienic conditions to the stay of the troops. The Military Governor of the Island, general and physician Leonard Wood took Finlay´s theory as center of his attention. He requested the government of his country experts to verify it. One commission heading for Major Walter Reed was sent. Reed was a surgeon of the army and professor of bacteriology in Military Medicine Faculty in Washington. After experimentally investigation, the commission could confirm Finlay´s theory. Valderrama´s picture shows the meeting of Finlay with the experts. This article has like objective to give emphasis about this pictorial by its importance for the Cuba´s medicine and the science history in Cuba. By the esthetic value that contains it must be included in the educational labor towards the preparation the professionals of the health. It is useful for contributing with the general culture integrating art, history, medicine and science(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Pintura , Arte , Faculdades de Medicina , Bacteriologia , Febre Amarela , Cultura , História , Medicina Militar , Pessoal de Saúde
4.
Hist. ciênc. saúde-Manguinhos ; 26(3): 841-862, jul.-set. 2019. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1039964

RESUMO

Resumen Partiendo de la hipótesis de que el laboratorio jugó un papel importante en la autonomía disciplinar de la pediatría, este artículo estudia la influencia del viaje científico en la apropiación de nuevas metodologías por parte de los pediatras y puericultores españoles del primer tercio del siglo XX. Para ello, se analizan las pensiones concedidas a tal efecto por la Junta para Ampliación de Estudios e Investigaciones Científicas. Se describe la geografía científica creada por el programa y se profundiza en el papel de los mentores - especialmente de Gustavo Pittaluga (1876-1956) - en este proceso. Además de un estudio prosopográfico del grupo, se presentan tres casos que demuestran la importancia del programa en el encuentro de la pediatría con la bacteriología, la anatomía patológica y la bioquímica.


Abstract Starting from the hypothesis that laboratories played an important role in pediatrics becoming an autonomous discipline, this article studies the influence of scientific travel on the appropriation of new methodologies by Spanish pediatricians and child-care experts in the first third of the twentieth century. To do so, it analyzes the travel awards granted by the Junta para Ampliación de Estudios e Investigaciones Científicas. It describes the scientific geography created by the program and takes an in-depth look at the role of mentors - especially Gustavo Pittaluga (1876-1956) - in this process. In addition to a prosopographical study of the group, it presents three cases that demonstrate the importance of the program in bringing pediatrics into contact with bacteriology, pathological anatomy and biochemistry.


Assuntos
Humanos , Pediatria/história , Viagem/história , Patologia , Espanha , Distinções e Prêmios , Bacteriologia/história , Bioquímica/história , Mentores/história , Pesquisa Biomédica/história , Laboratórios/história
5.
Rev. medica electron ; 41(4): 1082-1088, jul.-ago. 2019.
Artigo em Espanhol | CUMED, LILACS | ID: biblio-1102763

RESUMO

El papel desempeñado por destacados científicos cubanos y matanceros como Juan Nicolás Dávalos Betancourt y Federico Grande Rossi fue fundamental en el desarrollo de la bacteriología en el país. Con este trabajo se pretende acercar a estos dos hombres unidos en la vida como grandes amigos y en la profesión. Juan Nicolás Dávalos Betancourt conocido como "el sabio que soñaba con las bacterias" trasciende su campo de trabajo particular y se proyecta en el desarrollo de nuestra nación. Federico Grande Rossi fue médico bacteriólogo y fecundo escritor (AU).


The role played by eminent Cuban and Matanzasan scientist like Juan Nicolas Davalos Betancourt and Federico Grandi Rossi was essential for the development of the bacteriology in the country. With this work the authors pretend to bring near these two men who were very close in life as friends and colleagues in their profession. Juan Nicolas Davalos Betancourt, known as "the scholar who dreamed with bacteria" went beyond his particular work field and entered the process of development of Cuban nation. Federico Grandi Rossi was a doctor-bacteriologist and a prolific writer (AU).


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , História do Século XIX , História do Século XX , Médicos/história , Pesquisa/história , Bacteriologia , Ciência de Laboratório Médico , Biografia , Doenças Transmissíveis/história , Técnicas de Pesquisa
6.
Arch. latinoam. nutr ; 69(1): 59-67, mar. 2019. ilus, tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, LIVECS | ID: biblio-1022752

RESUMO

Dentro de los patotipos de Escherichia coli, el grupo STEC puede producir en el ser humano desde diarrea hemorrágica hasta insuficiencia renal aguda e incluso la muerte; el ganado bovino es el principal reservorio de este agente patógeno y por ende la ingestión de alimentos derivados de estos animales de abasto son una fuente muy importante de infección para el hombre. El objetivo principal de este estudio fue determinar la prevalencia de STEC en muestras de carne cruda comercializada en Pamplona-Colombia y en cepas obtenidas a partir de las muestras. Se analizaron cien muestras de carne cruda aplicando la técnica de Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa para la detección de los siguientes genes en muestras y en cepas STEC: stx1, stx2, eae y hlyA. Adicionalmente, se estableció el patrón de resistencia-susceptibilidad antibiótica de cepas STEC aisladas empleando métodos regulados. En el 39% de las muestras fue posible detectar el gen stx2; en el 38%, de ellas, se detectaron los genes stx1 y stx2. Además, se aislaron cepas STEC en el 13% de las muestras analizadas, 85% de ellas portaban el gen hlyA. No se detectó la presencia del gen eae o del serogrupo O157. Las cepas aisladas demostraron resistencia frente a algunos antibióticos de primera y segunda generación. En conclusión, se detectó la presencia de genes que codifican factores de virulencia en las muestras de carne analizadas que representan un riesgo potencial para la salud de los consumidores. Este es el primer reporte de STEC no O157 que codifica el gen de la enterohemolisina en alimentos en Colombia(AU)


Within the Escherichia coli patotypes, the STEC group can produce in humans from hemorrhagic diarrhea to acute renal failure and even death; cattle are the main reservoir of this pathogen and therefore the ingestion of food derived from these stock animals are a very important source of infection for man. The main objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of STEC in raw meat samples marketed in Pamplona-Colombia and in strains obtained from those samples. One hundred raw meat samples were analyzed using the Polymerase Chain Reaction technique for the detection of the following genes in samples and in STEC strains: stx1, stx2, eae and hlyA. In addition, STEC strains were isolated in 13% of the analyzed samples, 85% of them carried the hlyA gene. The presence of the eae gene or serogroup O157 was not detected. The isolated strains demonstrated resistance against some first and second generation antibiotics. In conclusion, the presence of genes encoding virulence factors in the meat samples analyzed, that represent a potential health risk factor to consumers, was confirmed. This is the first report of STEC non-O157 that encodes the enterohemolysin gene in foods in Colombia(AU)


Assuntos
Bovinos , Resistência Microbiana a Medicamentos , Apoptose , Escherichia coli O157 , Escherichia coli Shiga Toxigênica , Carne , Bacteriologia , Gastroenteropatias
8.
In. CASMU. Investigación clínica: desarrollo e innovación, 2019. Montevideo, Ideas Uruguay, 2019. p.173-174.
Monografia em Espanhol | LILACS, UY-BNMED, BNUY | ID: biblio-1359518
11.
Rev. Inst. Nac. Hig ; 49(1): 6-23, 2018. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, LIVECS | ID: biblio-1096122

RESUMO

Buscando en los registros de las principales actividades de la Gerencia de Diagnóstico y Vigilancia Epidemiológica ha sido difícil elegir entre tantas vivencias, aquellos elementos que marcaron pauta durante la década 2008 ­ 2018. No obstante, es de resaltar que los desafíos afrontados ante la aparición de brotes, epidemias y la primera pandemia del siglo XXI, trajeron consigo un cúmulo de experiencias que se presentan en este artículo. Como centro nacional de referencia en las áreas de Bacteriología, Micología y Virología, continuamos aportando soluciones a la salud pública nacional mediante la actualización profesional de nuestro personal y la formación de la generación de relevo, en la que participan profesionales de excelencia, altamente especializados y sensibilizados con la problemática y los requerimientos de nuestra población. Asimismo, a través de la coordinación, supervisión y evaluación de la Red de laboratorios de salud pública, se contribuye con el fortalecimiento del diagnóstico de enfermedades transmisibles y vigilancia epidemiológica en el país. El trabajo realizado en estos diez años ha sido excelente, crucial y prioritario para enfrentar las emergencias. Debemos seguir trabajando en dos aspectos claves: 1. Mayor integración del laboratorio con el componente epidemiológico y clínico del país para ser más útiles al sistema de salud, y 2. Consolidar la creación del edificio sede del Centro de Diagnóstico de Enfermedades Transmisibles del Instituto Nacional de Higiene "Rafael Rangel" (INHRR), proyecto en el que estamos trabajando con la asesoría de la OPS/OMS.


Looking at the records of the main activities of the Diagnostic and Epidemiological Surveillance Management, it has been difficult to choose between many experiences, those elements that set the standard during the 2008 ­ 2018 decade. However, it is noteworthy that the challenges faced with the emergence of outbreaks, epidemics and the first pandemic of the 21st century, brought with it a wealth of experiences that are presented in this article. As a national reference center in Bacteriology, Mycology and Virology areas, we continue to provide solutions to public health through the professional updating of our staff and formation of the relief generation, in which participate professionals of excellence, highly specialized and sensitized with the problems and requirements of our population. Likewise, through the coordination, supervision and evaluation of the public health laboratories network, it contributes to the strengthening of the communicable diseases diagnosis and epidemiological surveillance in the country. The work done in these ten years has been excellent, crucial and priority to face emergencies. We must continue working on two key aspects: 1. Greater laboratory integration with the epidemiological and clinical component of the country to be more useful to the health system, and 2. Consolidate headquarters building creation of the National Institute of Hygiene "Rafael Rangel" (INHRR) Diagnostic Center for Communicable Diseases, project in which we are working with the PAHO / WHO advice.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Bacteriologia , Virologia , Doenças Transmissíveis/diagnóstico , Instalações de Saúde , Micologia , Saúde Pública , Serviços Laboratoriais de Saúde Pública , História da Medicina , Laboratórios
13.
Acta sci., Biol. sci ; 39(3): 331-334, July-Sept. 2017. ilus, tab
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: biblio-859959

RESUMO

Stomatitis is a common disease found on snake farms, and Gram-negative bacilli are the main etiological agents that play an important role as secondary sources of viral or parasitic infections. The purpose of this work was to identify the aerobic bacteria in the oral cavity of Bothrops atrox with stomatitis. Samples for microbiological examination were collected from 12 snakes bred on a commercial snake farm for venom extraction. Samples of the secretion in the oral cavity of each serpent presenting stomatitis were collected from fang sheath, using a cotton swab with sterile alginate. The samples were incubated and cultured on Petri dishes containing blood agar and XLD agar using the agar depletion technique. Bacterial growth occurred in all analyzed samples collected from the oral cavity of Bothrops atrox with stomatitis, and some of the samples contained more than one microorganism. The following Gram-negative bacteria were isolated: Escherichia coli (26.31%), Citrobacter spp. (21.05%), Proteus spp. (15.78%) and Salmonella spp. (10.52%). The only Gram-positive bacterium that was isolated was Staphylococcus spp., which was present in 26.31% of the analyzed samples.


A estomatite é uma das doenças mais frequentes em criatórios comerciais de serpentes, sendo os bacilos Gram-negativos os principais agentes etiológicos com importante papel, como fontes secundárias, nas infecções virais ou parasitárias. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi analisar as bactérias aeróbicas presentes na cavidade oral em serpentes da espécie Bothrops atrox. Utilizaram-se 12 amostras colhidas com auxílio de swab estéril na região da bainha da presa, em serpentes que apresentaram estomatite, em um criatório comercial. As amostras foram cultivadas em Ágar-sangue e Ágar XLD. Em todas as amostras analisadas, houve crescimento de, pelo menos, um microrganismo. As bactérias Gram-negativas isoladas foram Escherichia coli (26,31%), Citrobacter spp. (21,05%), Proteus spp. (15,78%) e Salmonella spp. (10,52%). A única bactéria Gram-positiva isolada foi a Staphylococcus spp., presente em 26,31% das amostras analisadas.


Assuntos
Bacteriologia , Doenças Transmissíveis , Répteis
14.
NOVA publ. cient ; 14(26): 103-111, July-Dec. 2016. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-955173

RESUMO

Objetivo. Determinar las bacterias del aire de un laboratorio de enseñanza de microbiología de la Universidad Distrital y así establecer la posibilidad de riesgo para la salud a la exponen los usuarios por la presencia de estos microorganismos. Métodos. Se tomaron muestras de aire por la técnica de sedimentación, se realizaron recuentos, y caracterización macroscópica y microscópica de las colonias. Después de aislamientos selectivos se llevó a cabo identificación por BD BBL Crystal. Resultados. Se obtuvo mayor recuento de bacterias Gram positivas que de Gram negativas. Se encontraron bacterias de los géneros Micrococcus, Staphylococcus, Leuconostoc, Bacillus, Corynebacterium, Pseudomonas, Yersinia, Serratia, Shigella, Klebsiella, Citrobacter y Acinetobacter. Los resultados mostraron que las bacterias identificadas no suponen riesgo elevado para la salud de los usuarios sanos, pero que es necesario implementar medidas para disminuir la carga bacteriana y disminuir posibles afecciones generales en la salud de sus ocupantes.


Objective. Determine airborne bacteria in a teaching laboratory of microbiology at the Distrital University and establish the bacteriological quality of air which users are exposed. Methods. Air samples were taken by sedimentation technique. The recovered colonies were counted, macroscopic and microscopic characterized and culture in selective media. The isolates were identifies by BD BBL Crystal. Results. It was found greater counts of gram-positive bacteria compared with Gram negative. It was identified bacteria of genus Micrococcus, Staphylococcus, Leuconostoc, Bacillus, Corynebacterium, Pseudomonas, Yersinia, Serratia, Shigella, Klebsiella, Citrobacter and Acinetobacter. The results showed that the bacteria identified do not present high risk to healthy of users, but it is necessary to implement measures to reduce the bacterial presence. Additionally, in this way decrease possible impact in general health of its occupants.


Assuntos
Humanos , Bacteriologia , Qualidade Ambiental , Laboratórios , Microbiologia
15.
Hist. ciênc. saúde-Manguinhos ; 23(3): 733-756, jul.-set. 2016.
Artigo em Português | LILACS | ID: lil-792562

RESUMO

Resumo A teoria dos germes, decorrente, em especial, dos trabalhos de Louis Pasteur e Robert Koch, fez estremecer as bases do saber médico a partir da segunda metade do período oitocentista e promoveu uma revolução na “arte de curar”. A busca por micróbios específicos para as doenças norteou as investigações de pesquisadores convertidos aos dogmas pasteurianos. Este trabalho procura mostrar, em linhas gerais, o papel desempenhado pela Gazeta Médica da Bahia no processo de divulgação da bacteriologia junto às comunidades médicas baiana e nacional. O artigo apresenta alguns trabalhos e reflexões de colaboradores do periódico e destaca algumas controvérsias que ajudaram a traçar um panorama da difusão da teoria dos germes pelo Brasil ao longo do século XIX.


Abstract Germ theory, derived particularly from the work of Louis Pasteur and Robert Koch, shook the foundations of medical knowledge in the second half of the nineteenth century and triggered a revolution in the “art of healing.” The search for specific microbes for diseases guided the investigations of the researchers converted to the Pasteurian tenets. This paper aims to show what role the Gazeta Médica da Bahia journal played in spreading knowledge about bacteriology to the medical communities in Bahia and throughout Brazil. Some works and reflections by the newspaper’s authors at the time are presented, as are some of the controversies that help depict the way germ theory was divulged in Brazil throughout the nineteenth century.


Assuntos
História do Século XIX , Bacteriologia/história , Disseminação de Informação/história , Publicações Periódicas como Assunto/história , Brasil , Teoria do Germe da Doença/história , Disseminação de Informação/métodos , Jornais como Assunto/história
16.
Arch. latinoam. nutr ; 66(1): 60-65, mar. 2016. graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, LIVECS | ID: biblio-1023472

RESUMO

Listeria monocytogenes es un patógeno causante de enfermedades alimentarias. En la búsqueda de controlar su propagación utilizando sustancias naturales se planteó el objetivo de mostrar si el extracto etanólico foliar de neem (Azadirachta Indica A. Juss.) tiene efecto antimicrobiano sobre L. monocytogenes ICTA-12446. El extracto se obtuvo a partir de hojas de neem sometidas a secado por 8 días, se redujeron de tamaño mecánicamente, se sometieron a maceración en frío por 3 días usando etanol 96% en recipientes ámbar, se filtró y concentró en rota evaporador. Se estandarizó el concentrado con dimetilsulfóxido (DMSO) a una concentración de 60 mg/L. Listeria monocytogenes ICTA-12446, fue inoculado en caldo nutriente junto con soluciones del extracto a diferentes concentraciones (20, 30, 40, 50 y 60 mg/L), se emplearon tiempos de contacto (2.5, 5, 10 y 15 minutos). Cumplido cada tiempo se realizaron diluciones seriadas e inocularon en agar nutritivo por extensión durante 24 h a 37ºC. Se efectuó el recuento en Unidades Formadoras de Colonias UFC. Al comparar las concentraciones del extracto se evidencia entre 20 y 60 mg/mL diferencia significativa, mientras que en 30, 40 y 50 mg/mL un comportamiento similar. Al contrastar tiempos de contacto, se observa que entre el tiempo 2.5 min y los restantes un p=0,03. El tiempo mínimo donde existió inhibición fue 2.5 minutos, y concentración mínima inhibitoria de 20 mg/mL. Los cuatro tiempos de contacto arrojan porcentajes de inhibición microbiana de 100% al emplear 60mg/mL. Se concluye que el extracto etanólico foliar de neem posee un efecto inhibitorio sobre Listeria monocytogenes(AU)


Listeria monocytogenes is a pathogen causing foodborne illness. In seeking to control its spread using natural substances in order to show if the leaf ethanol extract of neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) has antimicrobial effect on L. monocytogenes ICTA-12446, was proposed. The extract was obtained from neem leaves, which was subjected to drying for 8 days. It was reduced in size mechanically, and subjected to cold soak for 3 days, using 96% ethanol in amber vessels, filtered and concentrated in rot evaporator. Concentrated was solubilized with dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) and standarized to achieve a concentration of 60 mg/mL Listeria monocytogenes was inoculated in nutrient broth with extract solutions at different concentrations (20, 30, 40, 50 and 60mg/mL), four contact times (2.5, 5, 10 and 15 minutes) were used. Completed each time it was diluted and inoculated on nutrient agar by extension for 24h at 37ºC. The count of Colony Forming Units UFC was taking. Comparing the concentrations of the extract between 20 and 60mg /mL significant difference was appreciate, while 30, 40 and 50 mg/mL show a similar behavior. Contrasting contact times observed between time 2.5 min and the remaining p = 0.03. The minimum time where there was some kind of inhibition was 2.5 minutes, and minima inhibitory concentration of 20mg/mL. The four contact times yield microbial inhibition percentages of 100% by using 60mg/L. It is concluded that ethanol extract of neem leaf has an inhibitory effect on L. monocytogenes(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Bacilos Gram-Negativos Anaeróbios Facultativos/fisiologia , Azadirachta/fisiologia , Etanol/química , Manipulação de Alimentos/métodos , Listeria monocytogenes , Bacteriologia , Efeitos Fisiológicos de Drogas
17.
Rev. cientif. cienc. med ; 19(2): 38-42, 2016. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, LIBOCS | ID: biblio-959719

RESUMO

El Staphylococcus aureus es una bacteria grampositiva, catalasa-positiva dispuestas en racimos, los factores de virulencia incluyen componentes estructurales que facilitan la adherencia a los tejidos del hospedador, Específicamente a la miel se le han reconocido propiedades medicinales desde la antigüedad: como tratamiento terapéutico contra infecciones causadas por bacterias en heridas abiertas, ulceras, quemaduras e infecciones oculares. Objetivo: Determinar la actividad antibacteriano de la miel de abeja en sus diferentes concentraciones frente al Staphylococcus aureus. El estudio es Experimental, prospectivo y transversal. Se basó en la utilización de 6 cultivos de Staphylococcus aureus en caldo nutritivo con una determinadas cantidad de colonias a las cuales se aplicó miel de abeja en concentraciones de 30%, 60% y 100% que se dejó incubar por 24 horas para luego observar el efecto antibacteriano a través de un cultivo en agar sangre en otras 24 hrs. Comprobamos que la actividad bactericida de la miel frente al Staphylococcus Aureus es muy efectiva siendo esta una alternativa de tratamiento frente a dicha bacteria y se pudo constatar que la miel de abeja a una mayor concentración produce mayor efecto antibacteriano sobre el Staphylococcus aureus.


Staphylococcus aureus is a gram-positive, catalase-positive bacterium arranged in clusters, virulence factors include structural components that facilitate adhesion to host tissues. Specifically honey has been recognized medicinal properties since antiquity:as a therapeutic treatment against Infections caused by bacteria in open wounds, ulcers, burns and eye infections. Objective: To determine the antibacterial activity of honey in its concentrations against Staphylococcus aureus. The study is Experimental, Prospective and Transverse. It was based on the use of 6 cultures of Staphylococcus aureus in nutritive broth with a certain amount of colonies to which bee honey was applied in concentrations of 30%, 60% and 100% that was allowed to incubate for 24 hours and then observed Antibacterial effect through a culture in blood agar in another 24 hrs. We verified that the bactericidal activity of the honey against the Staphylococcus Aureus is very effective being this one alternative of treatment against this bacterium and it was verified that the honey of bee to a greater concentration produces greater antibacterial effect on the Staphylococcus aureus.


Assuntos
Staphylococcus aureus , Bacteriologia , Mel
19.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec ; 66(5): 1585-1591, Sep-Oct/2014. graf
Artigo em Português | LILACS | ID: lil-729747

RESUMO

O objetivo do presente trabalho foi utilizar métodos bacteriológicos e moleculares para a identificação do Mycobacterium bovis em lesões observadas em carcaças de bovinos durante a inspeção post mortem de rotina em matadouros-frigoríficos com serviço de inspeção oficial. Foram acompanhados o abate e a inspeção de 825.394 bovinos, sadios, ao exame ante mortem pelo serviço de inspeção oficial em 10 matadouros-frigoríficos do estado da Bahia, entre abril de 2009 e abril de 2012. Cento e oitenta bovinos apresentaram lesões sugestivas de tuberculose e outras linfadenites, as quais foram avaliadas quanto à presença de Mycobacterium bovis por exame bacteriológico e pela PCR multiplex. A maioria das lesões estava localizada em linfonodos do trato respiratório e 71% eram provenientes de bovinos machos com até 32 meses de idade. No isolamento bacteriano, 13,9% (25/180) das amostras apresentavam colônias pequenas, de superfície granular e de coloração creme-amareladas, em meio de cultura Stonebrink-Leslie, e o crescimento médio foi de 34 dias. Todos os esfregaços dos isolados evidenciaram BAAR, e, pela PCR multiplex, 56% (14/25) dos isolados foram identificados como M. bovis. A associação entre exame post mortem, bacteriológico e PCR multiplex permitiu a identificação do agente de forma rápida e em regiões com status sanitário de baixa prevalência, demonstrando ser importante para a detecção dos focos de tuberculose bovina e o auxílio nos programas de controle e erradicação da tuberculose...


The aim of the present study was to perform bacteriological and molecular methods for identification of Mycobacterium bovis in lesions derived from bovine carcasses detected during routine post-mortem examination in officially inspected slaughterhouses. We checked the slaughter and inspection of 825,394 bovines, health upon ante-mortem examination, by the official service in 10 slaughterhouses of Bahia state from April, 2009 to April 2012. Lesions suggestive of tuberculosis were collected from 180 bovines and further evaluated by bacteriology and multiplex PCR. The majority of lesions were located in the respiratory tract lymph nodes and 71% were from male bovines up to 32 months old. 13.9% of samples presented small, granular and creamy-yellowish colonies after being cultured in Stonebrink-Leslie with an average growth time of 34 days. All smears from the isolated samples were Acid Fast Bacilli (AFB) and among them 56% were identified by mPCR as M. bovis. Thus, the association between post-mortem examination, culture and multiplex PCR allowed the bacillus identification in a reduced time and in regions of low prevalence, pointing out its importance for bovine tuberculosis detection and as a supportive tool for the tuberculosis control and eradication program...


Assuntos
Animais , Bovinos , Bacteriologia , Modelos Moleculares , Mycobacterium bovis , Inspeção Sanitária , Matadouros , Abate de Animais , Inspeção de Alimentos , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Tuberculose Bovina
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