Efectividad de las vacunas COVID-19 / Effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines

La pandemia del SARS-CoV-2, ha generado que se realicen esfuerzos considerables en el desarrollo de las vacunas, para comprobar su efectividad se requiere que ensayos clínicos y emplearlos en la población a nivel mundial. Se realizó una revisión sistemática de literatura (RSL) del COVID-19 y su impacto en el desarrollo de las vacunas desde el 2019 hasta el 2022. La estrategia de búsqueda consiguió obtener 8 646 artículos, escogidos de las 6 fuentes de investigación (Wiley Online Library, Taylor & Francis, THE LANCET Infectious Diseases, National Library of Medicine, Nature Portfolio y Oxford Academic), luego se realizó un filtrado de 4 etapas con 2 criterios de exclusión cada una de ellas, quedando solo 78 artículos, los cuáles se utilizaron para responder tres preguntas de investigación planteadas. Se identificaron en los artículos científicos analizados, los laboratorios más referenciados que desarrollaron vacunas Pfizer/ BioNTech, Moderna, AstraZeneca, Sinovac, Sinopharm y Sputnik V, se identificó la utilización de nanotecnología en el diseño de las vacunas, principalmente utilizaron ARN mensajero, vector viral y subunidades proteicas, según el caso con coadyuvantes que potencia la inmunogenicidad. Los estudios demostraron buena efectivad, en los diferentes grupos priorizados y gracias a la dosificación de las inmunizaciones contra la COVID-19, se ha prevenido el número de casos graves y por ende la tasa de mortalidad. Sin embargo, se recomienda promoción y educación sanitaria a la población en general para incentivar la aceptación(AU)

The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has generated considerable efforts in the development of vaccines, to verify their effectiveness, clinical trials are required and use them in the population worldwide. A systematic literature review (RSL) of COVID-19 and its impact on vaccine development was carried out from 2019 to 2022. The search strategy managed to obtain 8,646 articles, chosen from the 6 research sources (Wiley Online Library, Taylor & Francis, THE LANCET Infectious Diseases, National Library of Medicine, Nature Portfolio and Oxford Academic), then a 4-stage filter was performed with 2 exclusion criteria each, leaving only 78 articles, which were used to answer three research questions posed. In the scientific articles analyzed, the most referenced laboratories that developed Pfizer/BioNTech, Moderna, AstraZeneca, Sinovac, Sinopharm and Sputnik V vaccines were identified, the use of nanotechnology in the design of the vaccines was identified, mainly using messenger RNA, viral vector and protein subunits, depending on the case with adjuvants that enhance immunogenicity. The studies demonstrated good effectiveness, in the different prioritized groups and thanks to the dosage of the immunizations against COVID-19, the number of serious cases and therefore the mortality rate have been prevented. However, health promotion and education is recommended for the general population to encourage acceptance(AU)

175 años de la National Library of Medicine, de los EE.UU. de NA: un tesoro científico y cultural digno de admiración / 175 years of the National Library of Medicine, of the Unites States of America: a scientific and cultural treasure worthy of admiration

The National Library of Medicine (NLM) of the United States of America, celebrates in 2011 its 175th anniversary. This Library, the largest biomedical library in the world, has a proud and rich history serving the health community and the public, especially since its transfer to the National Institutes of Health in Bethesda, Maryland, in 1968. It holds 17 million publications in 150 languages, and has an important collection of ancient and modern historical books as well as original publications of Vesalius and other founders of biomedicine. Its modern document collections illustrate the progress of medical sciences. These collections include laboratory notes from many scientists whose work forms the foundations of contemporary life sciences. The Library also provides several services for health research and for the public, including databases and services such as MedLine and BLAST. The NLM constantly strives to fulfill the information needs of its customers, whether scientists or the public at large. For example, as the Hispanic population of the Unites States has increased in recent years, the NLM has made larger and larger amounts of data available in Spanish to fulfill the health information needs of this population. NLM programs train professionals in library science and biomedical informatics and link biomedical libraries of 18 academic centers throughout the United States. The NLM funds competitive grants for training at the Library, organizing short instruction courses about library science and informatics, and writing books on health related matters including the history of medicine and public health. The NLM is managed and maintained by an outstanding and farsighted group of professionals and dedicated support staff. Their focus on serving and reaching both the biomedical community and the public at large has been crucial to its development into a world icon of biomedical sciences, information technology and the humanities.

Elizabeth Fee: uma historiadora em busca de audiências mais amplas / Elizabeth Fee: a historian reaching out to wider audiences

Quais são as atividades e os temas de uma historiadora da saúde e da medicina, cujos artigos e livros são considerados referência obrigatória para os estudiosos da área? Feminismo, contracultura, educação médica, saúde global, o papel das organizações da saúde internacional, divulgação em história da saúde são alguns dos assuntos abordados por Elizabeth Fee em entrevista concedida por ocasião de sua visita a Fiocruz em abril deste ano para proferir a aula inaugural de 2006 do Programa de Pós-Graduação em História das Ciências e da Saúde da Casa de Oswaldo Cruz. O tema da aula foi "A Organização Mundial da Saúde e a AIDS: o que podemos aprender com a história?".

To what activities and topics does a historian in health and medicine, whose articles and books have become fundamental references for scholars of the area, devote her time? Feminism, counter-culture, medical education, global health, the role of international health organizations, and knowledge sharing in health history are some of the subjects Elizabeth Fee addresses in this interview given at Fiocruz in April, where she presented the 2006 inaugural class to the Graduate Program in History of Health Sciences at Casa de Oswaldo Cruz. The topic of her lecture was "The World Health Organization and AIDS: what can we learn from history?"

Redes de informacion biomédica: experiencia de la Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina de Estados Unidos de América / Biomédical information networking: the experience of the National Library of Medicine of the United States

Se analiza el concepto de una red de informacion y de servicios cooperativos entre bibliotecas médicas y bancos de datos regionales, nacionales e internacionales. Como ejemplo se describen los antecedentes de la Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina de Estados Unidos y se destaca el exito de BIREME en América Latina