Evaluación de los contenidos de los gestores de información y conocimiento en el Instituto Superior de Tecnologías y Ciencias Aplicadas-Universidad de la Habana / Contents assessment of information and knowledge managers at the Higher Institute of Applied Sciences and Technologies-University of Havana

Resumen Evaluar el funcionamiento de los gestores de información y conocimiento implementados en el Instituto Superior de Tecnologías y Ciencias Aplicadas (InSTEC) es el objetivo de la investigación. Ello, no solo posibilita el mejoramiento futuro del desempeño de estos, sino también sirve como estudio preliminar para la inserción de otros gestores en el futuro. Los métodos de análisis documental y evaluación heurística sustentan las bases teóricas, mientras que las herramientas automáticas Nibbler, GooglePageRank, SEOptimer, Website Grader, la entrevista y las encuestas a usuarios evidencian el desempeño de los gestores. Los resultados revelaron que la calidad del sitio externo y de la intranet obtuvo 69,4% de competencia global. Varios de los indicadores de estos sitios se deben perfeccionar en aras de brindar un mejor servicio a los usuarios del Instituto en la gestión de la información y el conocimiento, tan necesaria en las universidades.

Abstract The papers goal is to assess the already implemented information and knowledge managers at InSTEC. This allows improving the managers future work, and serves as a preliminary study for including others in the future. Documentary analysis and heuristics evaluation methods are the theoretical basis; meanwhile, automatic tools Nibbler, GooglePageRank, SEOptimer, Website Grader, interviews and polls to users evidenced the actual development of both sites. The studys outcomes revealed the quality of InSTECs external website and its intranet achieved 69,4 % of general competency. These sites indicators must be enhanced to provide a better service to users in the information and knowledge management so needed in universities.

Potential application of a knowledgebase of iron metabolism of Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans as an alternative platform

BACKGROUND: Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans is a facultative anaerobe that depends on ferrous ion oxidation as well as reduced sulfur oxidation to obtain energy and is widely applied in metallurgy, environmental protection, and soil remediation. With the accumulation of experimental data, metabolic mechanisms, kinetic models, and several databases have been established. However, scattered data are not conducive to understanding A. ferrooxidans that necessitates updated information informed by systems biology. RESULTS: Here, we constructed a knowledgebase of iron metabolism of A. ferrooxidans (KIMAf) system by integrating public databases and reviewing the literature, including the database of bioleaching substrates (DBS), the database of bioleaching metallic ion-related proteins (MIRP), the A. ferrooxidans bioinformation database (Af-info), and the database for dynamics model of bioleaching (DDMB). The DBS and MIRP incorporate common bioleaching substrates and metal ion-related proteins. Af-info and DDMB integrate nucleotide, gene, protein, and kinetic model information. Statistical analysis was performed to elucidate the distribution of isolated A. ferrooxidans strains, evolutionary and metabolic advances, and the development of bioleaching models. CONCLUSIONS: This comprehensive system provides researchers with a platform of available iron metabolism-related resources of A. ferrooxidans and facilitates its application.

Tecnología Educativa para el Docente Bibliotecario / Educational Technology for the Library Teacher

Resumen La identidad del docente bibliotecario en el contexto de la Sociedad del Conocimiento se configura a través de nuevos sentidos, dado el desarrollo de las Tecnologías de la Información y Comunicación. En este marco, resulta necesario reconstruir el quehacer de su oficio, frente a los múltiples escenarios digitales, las formas de búsqueda, selección y socialización de la información, a partir del uso de internet. Este análisis se articula a los planteos del campo de la Tecnología Educativa, desde donde se comprenden los procesos de enseñanza y aprendizaje y la transmisión de la cultura mediada por tecnologías, fundamentalmente en los ámbitos educativos, entre ellos, la biblioteca escolar. En tal sentido, las transformaciones culturales no sólo resignifican los espacios escolares, sino también las prácticas de lectoescritura y las posiciones pedagógicas del profesional de la bibliotecología.

Abstract The identity of the library teacher in the context of the Knowledge Society is configured through new senses, given the development of Information and Communication Technologies. In this context, it is necessary to reconstruct the work of his trade, facing the multiple digital scenarios, the forms of search, selection and socialization of information, from the use of the internet. This analysis is articulated to the approaches of the field of Educational Technology, from where the teaching and learning processes and the transmission of culture mediated by technologies are understood, fundamentally in educational contexts, in which libraries are also involved. In this sense, cultural transformations not only resignify school spaces, but also the practices of literacy and pedagogical function of the library science professional.

Auditoría del conocimiento orientada a los procesos y al desarrollo profesional en la Editorial Ciencias Médicas / Knowledge audit of processes and professional development at the Medical Sciences Publishing House

Esta auditoría pretendió identificar el conocimiento presente en los procesos principales de la Editorial Ciencias Médicas y el comportamiento de un conjunto de indicadores acerca del desarrollo profesional, que permiten valorar la proyección actual y futura del conocimiento, así como conocer algunos aspectos en que se deben potenciar para contribuir a asegurar la actuación futura de la institución. Se empleó una metodología desarrollada por Ponjuán para valorar el conocimiento presente en los procesos actuales e identificar el comportamiento de sus trabajadores en relación con el desarrollo profesional. Se identificó el conocimiento que se aplica en todos los procesos principales de la organización, así como el comportamiento de la composición profesional del personal, su experiencia laboral y en la institución, el tiempo que dedican a su actualización, su visibilidad en eventos y redes sociales, entre otros. Los puntos fuertes y débiles de la institución, así como la identificación del conocimiento que se necesita en cada proceso, permitieron sugerir a la institución determinados aspectos relativos al conocimiento, su retención, los procesos organizacionales y los componentes humanos y tecnológicos necesarios. Estos resultados permiten conocer mejor a la organización y facilitan la introducción de un programa de gestión del conocimiento al conocer, con mayor profundidad y desde diferentes miradas, las debilidades y las fortalezas existentes relacionadas con el conocimiento necesario y su aplicación en los procesos internos, así como algunas características del desarrollo profesional(AU)

The audit intended to identify the knowledge underlying the main processes performed at the Medical Sciences Publishing House and the behavior of a number of indicators related to professional development which make it possible to assess the current status and future projection of knowledge, as well as become acquainted with areas to be strengthened to contribute to ensure the future performance of the institution. The study was based on a methodology developed by Ponjuán, to assess the knowledge base supporting current processes and identify the behavior of workers in relation to professional development. Identification was made of the knowledge applied in all the main processes of the organization, as well as the behavior of the professional composition of the personnel, their work experience in general and at the institution, the time they devote to their updating, and their visibility in conferences and the social networks, among other factors. The strengths and weaknesses of the institution, as well as identification of the knowledge needed in each process, allowed to suggest a number of aspects related to knowledge, its retention, the organizational processes, and the human and technological components required. These results make it possible to know the organization better and facilitate the introduction of a Knowledge Management program based on a more profound understanding from various perspectives of the current weaknesses and strengths in terms of the knowledge required and its application in internal processes, as well as some characteristics of professional development(AU)

An International Curriculum and Behavioural Neurology / Un currículo internacional para neuropsiquiatría y neurología conductual

Abstract With major advances in neuroscience in the last three decades, there is an emphasis on understanding disturbances in thought, behaviour and emotion in terms of their neuroscientific underpinnings. While psychiatry and neurology, both of which deal with brain diseases, have a historical standing as distinct disciplines, there has been an increasing need to have a combined neuropsychiatric approach to deal with many conditions and disorders. Additionally, there is a body of disorders and conditions that warrants the skills sets and knowledge bases of both disciplines. This is the territory covered by the subspecialty of Neuropsychiatry from a 'mental' health perspective and Behavioural Neurology from a 'brain' health perspective. This paper elaborates the neuropsychiatric approach to dealing with brain diseases, but also argues for the delineation of a neuropsychiatric territory. In the process, it describes a curriculum for the training of a neuropsychiatrist or a behavioural neurologist who is competent in providing a unified approach to the diagnosis and management of this set of conditions and disorders. The paper describes in some detail the objectives of training in neuropsychiatry and the key competencies that should be achieved in such higher training after a foundational training in psychiatry and neurology. While aiming for an internationally relevant training program, the paper acknowledges the local and regional differences in training expertise and requirements. It provides a common framework of training for both Neuropsychiatry and Behavioural Neurology, while accepting the differences in skills and emphasis that basic training in psychiatry or neurology will bring to the subspecialty training. The future of Neuropsychiatry (or Behavioural Neurology) as a discipline will be influenced by the successful adoption of such a unified training curriculum.

Resumen Los grandes avances en las neurociencias en las últimas 3 décadas han hecho hincapié en la comprensión de las perturbaciones en el pensamiento, el comportamiento y las emociones. Mientras que la psiquiatría y la neurología se ocupan de enfermedades del cerebro, recientemente ha habido una creciente necesidad de tener un enfoque neuropsiquiátrico combinado para tratar muchos trastornos. Además, hay múltiples condiciones en las que confluyen habilidades y bases de conocimiento de ambas disciplinas. Este es el territorio cubierto por la subespecialidad de Neuropsiquiatría desde una perspectiva de salud «mental¼ y la Neurología Conductual desde una perspectiva de salud «cerebral¼. Este artículo elabora el enfoque neuropsiquiátrico para tratar las enfermedades cerebrales, pero también discute los límites del territorio neuropsiquiátrico. En este proceso, se describe un currículo para la formación de un neuropsiquiatra o un neurólogo conductual competente para proveer un abordaje integral en términos diagnósticos y terapéuticos. El documento describe con cierto detalle los objetivos de la formación en neuropsiquiatría y las competencias clave que se debe alcanzar en dicha formación superior, después de una formación inicial en psiquiatría y neurología. Al mismo tiempo que aspira a un programa de formación internacionalmente pertinente, el documento reconoce las diferencias locales y regionales en materia de conocimientos y requisitos de formación. Proporciona un marco común de formación tanto para la Neuropsiquiatría como para la Neurología Conductual, aceptando las diferencias en habilidades y el énfasis que la formación básica en psiquiatría o neurología traerá a la formación de la subespecialidad. El futuro de la Neuropsiquiatría (o Neurología Conductual) como disciplina estará influido por la instauración exitosa de un currículo de capacitación unificado.

Geriatria: Medicina do Século XXI? / Geriatrics: Medicine of the 21st Century?

Modelo do estudo: estudo analítico sobre progressos ocorridos na área da Geriatria brasileira no período entre o fim do século XX e o momento atual. Objetivo: narrar fatos e dados significativos para a implementação dessa especialidade médica no cotidiano da prática clínica no Brasil. Resultados: o desenvolvimento de serviços e disciplinas de Geriatria agregados ao meio universitário promoveu concomitantemente a produção de dissertações e teses, programas de residência médica em Geriatria, aumento do número de médicos titulados em Geriatria pela Sociedade Brasileira de Geriatria e Gerontologia/Associação Médica Brasileira e publicações (livros e artigos) de boa qualidade e com as peculiaridades do cuidar do idoso no Brasil. Conclusão: O estudo e a atenção ao idoso no Brasil cresceram de forma positiva nas últimas três décadas, produzindo massa crítica e pesquisas de qualidade, tornando no Brasil a Gerontologia e a Geriatria área do conhecimento com o rosto do país. (AU)

Study model: an analytical study on progress in the area of Brazilian Geriatrics in the period between the end of the 20th century and the present moment. Objective: narrate facts and significant data for the implementation of this medical specialty in the routine of clinical practice in Brazil. Results: Geriatrics services and disciplines added to the university environment promoted concurrently the production of dissertations and theses, medical residency programs in Geriatrics, increase in the number of Geriatricians by the Brazilian Society of Geriatrics and Gerontology (Sociedade Brasileira de Geriatria e Gerontologia) / Brazilian Medical Association (Associação Médica Brasileira) and Publications (books and articles) of good quality and with the peculiarities of caring for the elderly in Brazil. Conclusion: The study and attention to the elderly in Brazil has grown positively in the last three decades. Considering that a critical mass of professionals has been reached and quality research is being produced Gerontology & Geriatrics has become an area of knowledge typical in the country. (AU)

Nivel de información sobre el síndrome de declinación de la función testicular en el envejecimiento masculino / Level of information on the declining testicular function syndrome in male aging

Introducción: el síndrome de declinación de la función testicular del hombre que envejece ha cobrado relevancia reciente, pero se asume que se conoce poco. Objetivo: identificar el nivel de información, en población y proveedores de salud, sobre este síndrome. Métodos: estudio descriptivo transversal, que involucró a 452 personas de población general, 109 médicos especialistas afines al tema y 406 de atención primaria. Se emplearon cuestionarios autoadministrados, estadísticas descriptivas y prueba chi2. Resultados: de la muestra poblacional 70,30 por ciento de las mujeres y 56,0 por ciento de los hombres reconocieron que el hombre experimenta un proceso equivalente al climaterio femenino; 64,04 por ciento no conocía los síntomas y 47,12 por ciento de los hombres mayores de 40 años señalaron edad de comienzo superior a la suya. De los especialistas afines, solo 10 habían oído hablar de todos los términos que se emplean para referirse al síndrome, 77,06 por ciento habían escuchado frecuentemente andropausia y 70,65 por ciento climaterio masculino; 27,52 por ciento dio definiciones incorrectas. De atención primaria, 28,57 por ciento no reconoció ningún término, 21,18 por ciento había escuchado frecuentemente andropausia y 19,95 por ciento climaterio masculino; 51,7 por ciento no definió correctamente el síndrome. El 74,14 por ciento no mencionó síntomas, 76,85 por ciento señaló contraindicaciones excesivas al tratamiento y 85,22 por ciento valoró su conocimiento como insuficiente. El nivel de información no se relacionó con edad, sexo o tiempo de graduado (p> 0,05). Conclusiones: la población, principalmente las mujeres, reconoce el síndrome, pero no domina sus manifestaciones. En médicos, con independencia de la edad, sexo o tiempo de graduado, la información se limita mayoritariamente a términos como andropausia y climaterio masculino; el dominio conceptual, del cuadro clínico y tratamiento, es insuficiente(AU)

Introduction: declining testicular function syndrome of the aging man has gained recent relevance but it is accepted that little is known about it. Objective: to find out the level of information of the population and of the health providers on this syndrome. Methods: cross-sectional and descriptive study involving 452 people from the general population, 109 medical specialists related to this topic and 406 primary care physicians. Self-administered questionnaires, summary statistics and chi-square test were all used. Results: in the population sample, 70.30 percent of women and 56 percent of men admitted that man experiences a process similar to the female climaterium; 64.04 percent did not know the symptoms and 47.12 percent of men older than 40 years stated that this process occurred at an age above that of theirs. As to the related specialists, just 10 had heard about all the terms used to mention this syndrome, 77.06 percent had often heard the term andropause and 70.65 percent the term male climaterium, and 27.52 percent gave incorrect definitions. In the primary health care physician group, 28.57 percent did not recognize any term, 21.18 percent had frequently heard about andropause and 19.95 percent about male climaterium, and 51.7 percent did not give a correct definition of the syndrome. In the sample 74.14 percent did not mention any symptom, 76.85 percent pointed out excessive treatment contraindications and 85.22 percent assessed their knowledge as poor. The level of information was not associated to age, sex or time of graduation (p> 0.05). Conclusions: the population, mainly women, recognizes the syndrome but did not know well the symptoms. Regardless of age, sex or time of graduation, the physicians' information about the syndrome is mostly limited to terms such as andropause and male climaterium but they did not master the concept, the clinical picture or the treatment(AU)

Atividade de treinador de futebol no Brasil: ofício ou profissão? / Soccer coach activity in Brazil: craft or profession

O futebol ocupa lugar de destaque no cenário desportivo brasileiro. Baseado em informações científicas e legislativas, quais os requisitos para ocupar o cargo de treinador de futebol no Brasil? Ao considerar a problemática entre o modelo artesanal e o científico em relação à ambiguidade de formação nos perfis de treinadores de futebol, o ponto de vista apresenta como objetivo discutir acerca dos requisitos exigidos para atuar como treinador de futebol no Brasil e sua relação com a legislação e a formação profissional em Educação Física embasada na literatura científica. Do ponto de vista da Lei vigente sobre a profissão de treinador, observa-se que não há obrigatoriedade do treinador ser graduado em Educação Física, apenas indica a preferência. Enquanto que a literatura científica defende a utilização do conhecimento científico adquirido em cursos universitários para o melhor desempenho e concretização dos objetivos propostos por esses treinadores em sua prática cotidiana de trabalho. O não reconhecimento e a desvalorização do treinador de futebol pelos clubes e pela sociedade são procedentes da falta de consenso legislativo e da recente profissionalização da Educação Física. Em conclusão, sugerimos que o debate e as reflexões acerca deste assunto sejam aprofundados para que este impasse seja solucionado e favoreça os envolvidos neste processo: os treinadores, os atletas, o futebol e a Educação Física...(AU)

Soccer occupies a prominent place in the Brazilian sports scene. Based on scientific and legislative information, including the requirements for the position of soccer coach in Brazil? In considering the problems of the craft model and scientific in relation to the formation of ambiguity in soccer coaches profiles, the view has as objective to discuss about the conditions required to work as a soccer coach in Brazil and its relationship with the law and training in Physical Education grounded in the scientific literature. From the point of view of the existing Law on the coaching profession, it is observed that there is no obligation coach be graduated in Physical Education, only indicates the preference. While the scientific literature supports the use of scientific knowledge acquired in college courses for the best performance and achievement of the objectives proposed by these coaches in their daily work practice. The non-recognition and devaluation of the soccer coach by the clubs and society are coming from lack of legislative consensus and the recent professionalization of Physical Education. In conclusion, we suggest that the debate and reflections on this subject are deepened to this impasse is resolved and promote those involved in this process: the coaches, athletes, soccer and Physical Education...(AU)

Hemoglobinas variantes na área médica e no discurso cotidiano: um olhar sobre raça, nação e genética no Brasil contemporâneo / Variant haemoglobins in medical and everyday discourses: race, nation and genetics in contemporary Brazil

Resumo Este artigo analisa a relação entre discursos médicos e noções cotidianas sobre raça, população e nação. Para isso, tomo como estudo de caso a comparação entre o uso dessas categorias na produção de artigos acadêmicos de dois renomados hematologistas brasileiros sobre a presença de hemoglobinas variantes patológicas no Brasil e a compreensão que famílias de pacientes diagnosticados com doença falciforme têm dessas mesmas questões. A comparação permite mostrar não só como os discursos da medicina influenciam o modo como questões relacionadas a raça e hereditariedade são compreendidas pelo público mais amplo, mas também a impossibilidade de separar em ambos casos, tanto na produção médica quanto nas falas dos pacientes, as noções sobre raça e hereditariedade de ideias mais amplas sobre o passado e o futuro da nação.

Abstract This article analyses the relationship between medical discourses and everyday notions of race, population and nation, using as case study the comparison between the use of these categories in medical articles of two renowned Brazilian haematologists on the presence of pathological variant haemoglobins in Brazil and the understanding of families of patients diagnosed with sickle-cell anaemia on the same questions. Through this comparison it is possible to see not only how medical discourses influence everyday notions of race and heredity, but also how in both cases these notions are inextricable from wider ideas about the past and future of the Brazilian nation.

Conocimiento y creencias de mujeres del estado de Morelos sobre el virus del papiloma humano / Knowledge and beliefs of women from the state of Morelos about the human papilloma virus

Introducción: una enfermedad de transmisión sexual que afecta a un alto porcentaje de mujeres jóvenes de todo el mundo es la infección producida por virus papiloma humano. La falta de información asociada a diversos factores culturales, favorece el desarrollo de creencias que dificultan la prevención y diagnóstico oportunos. Objetivo: identificar el nivel de conocimiento y las creencias que tienen las mujeres del Estado de Morelos, México, sobre la transmisión, detección y tratamiento de la infección por virus del papiloma humano de acuerdo con la edad y el grado de escolaridad. Métodos: estudio descriptivo transversal a partir de un cuestionario aplicado a 690 mujeres en el estado de Morelos. Resultados: el nivel de conocimientos entre la mayoría de la población femenina fue de nivel medio, se incrementa en mujeres jóvenes y con mayor escolaridad. La creencia de que la detección de infección implica mayor gasto económico se presenta sin distinción de edad o nivel escolar. Conclusiones: los aspectos más conocidos sobre la infección por virus papiloma humano, es que es una infección de transmisión sexual, asociada a la aparición de verrugas en genitales y causante de cáncer cérvico uterino. Los menos conocidos son: que la infección es asintomática y que no existe tratamiento para eliminarla(AU)

Introduction: A sexually transmitted disease affecting a high percentage of young women worldwide in the infection produced by the human papilloma virus (HPV). The lack of information associated with different cultural factor favors the development of beliefs that limit timely prevention and diagnosis. Objective: Identify the level of knowledge and beliefs of women from the state of Morelos, Mexico, about the transmission, detection and treatment of HPV infection in accordance with their age and school level. Methods: Cross-sectional, descriptive study with a survey conducted on 690 women on the state of Morelos. Results: The level of knowledge among most of the female population was average, increased in young women and those with higher school level. The belief that infection detection implies higher economic spends is present regardless age and school level. Conclusions: The most known aspects about HPV are that it is a sexually transmitted infection, associated to the onset of genital warts and causing cervical cancer. The least known are that the infection is asymptomatic and that there is no treatment to eliminate it(AU)

Avaliação do grau de conhecimento sobre xerostomia em estudantes de graduação do curso de odontologia / Knowledge of the degree of evaluation about xerostomia in undergraduate students of dentistry

A xerostomia é uma alteração da saliva que causa sensação de ressecamento bucal, devido à produção di¬minuída de saliva. Dentre os fatores etiológicos, estão: a hipofunção das glândulas salivares, a ingestão de medicamentos, tratamento de radioterapia na região de cabeça e pescoço, stress, alcoolismo, fumo, emoções constantes, síndrome de Sjögren, dentre outras. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo avaliar o grau de conheci¬mento sobre xerostomia dos alunos do último ano de graduação do curso de Odontologia do Centro Uni¬versitário de João Pessoa (UNIPÊ), João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brasil. Caracteriza-se em um estudo quantitativo, exploratório e descritivo. Foram incluídos alunos de ambos os gêneros, maiores de 18 anos de idade, perten¬centes ao último ano do curso de graduação em Odontologia. O universo e amostra foram compostos por 62 alunos sendo 31 do gênero masculino (50%) e 31 do gênero feminino (50%). Observou-se que no questionário 100% dos alunos definiram corretamente a xerostomia. A maioria dos alunos conhecem as características da saliva e da xerostomia (91,4% e 87,9%, respectivamente), e 85,5% souberam indicar o correto tratamento da xerostomia. Diante dos resultados, conclui-se que foi satisfatório o grau de conhecimento dos alunos do último ano do curso de graduação em Odontologia sobre xerostomia

Among the etiological factors are: salivary glands hypofuntion, drugs ingestion, radiation treatment in the head and neck, stress, alcoholism, smoking, constant emotions, Sjögren's syndrome, among others. This research aimed to evaluate the degree of knowledge about xerostomia of undergraduate students from the last year of the dentistry course at Centro Universitário de João Pessoa (UNIPÊ), João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil. It is character¬ized in a quantitative, exploratory and descriptive study. Students from both genders were included, older than 18 years old, and belonging to the last year of the dentistry degree course. The universe and the sample was composed of 62 students, 31 male (50%) and 31 females (50%). It was noted that in the questionnaire, 100% of them correctly defined xerostomia. Most students know the characteristics of saliva and dry mouth (91.4% and 87.9%, respectively), and 85.5% could indicate the correct treatment of xerostomia. Given the results, it was concluded that the knowledge level of the last year students in the dentistry degree course about xerostomia was satisfactory

Using ontologies to retrieve health evidence information from clinical notes / Uso de ontologias para recuperar informação de evidência em saúde a partir de notas clínicas / El uso de ontologías para recuperar información de evidencia em salud a partir de las notas clínicas

Objective: To present a strategy to search evidence databases directly from clinical notes, thus relieving health professionals from performing searches. Method: An ontology related to health domain, specifically for the domain of adult asthma, was developed to illustrate how to extract search terms from clinical notes. Another ontology was developed to describe evidence databases. Results: Synthetic notes, simulating clinical conditions for patients with respiratory diseases, were used to search information from two evidence databases, PubMed and PEDro. SPARQL queries were automatically generated to connect both ontologies. Conclusion: This scenario demonstrated how to search for evidence from electronic health records notes, helping health professionals to receive relevant information while they assist patients.

Objetivo: Apresentar uma estratégia para pesquisar bases de evidências a partir de notas clínicas, aliviando os profissionais de saúde da tarefa de elaborar buscas. Método: Uma ontologia no domínio da saúde, especificamente sobre asma em adultos, foi desenvolvida para ilustrar como obter informação para a estratégia de busca a partir das notas clínicas. Outra ontologia captura informações sobre as bases de evidências. Resultados: Notas sintéticas, simulando condições clínicas de pacientes com doenças respiratórias, foram utilizadas para buscar informação em duas bases de evidências distintas, PubMed e PEDro. Consultas em SPARQL foram automaticamente geradas para conectar as ontologias. Conclusão: Este cenário demonstrou a viabilidade de procurar por evidências a partir de registros eletrônicos de saúde, ajudando os profissionais de saúde a obter informações relevantes enquanto atendem pacientes.

Objetivo: Presentar una estrategia para buscar bases de evidencia directamente de las notas clínicas, creadas en los registros electrónicos de salud, con ontologías para capturar conocimiento relacionado a la salud y a las bases de evidencia. Método: Una ontología, que se define para el dominio de la salud de asma del adulto, se utiliza para extraer información relevante de notas clínicas. Otra ontología captura información sobre bases de evidencia. Resultados: Notas simulando las condiciones clínicas para pacientes con enfermedades respiratorias se utilizaron para buscar información de dos bases de evidencia, PubMed y Pedro. Consultas SPARQL se generan automáticamente para conectar ambas ontologías. Conclusión: En este escenario se ha demostrado la viabilidad de la búsqueda de evidencia desde los registros electrónicos de salud, ayudando a los profesionales de salud para obtener información relevante al reunirse con pacientes.

Nivel de conocimientos sobre Proceso de Atención de Enfermería en profesionales de enfermería del municipio Yara / Knowledge level about the nursing care plan in nursing professionals Yara municipality

Introducción: el Proceso de Atención de Enfermería es esencial en el método por el que se aplican las bases teóricas a la práctica profesional. Objetivo: evaluar el nivel de conocimientos sobre Proceso de Atención de Enfermería en profesionales de enfermería. Métodos: estudio descriptivo de corte transversal, en Yara durante el año 2014. La muestra estuvo conformada por 122 enfermeras(os). La obtención de datos se realizó a través de una encuesta. Las variables utilizadas fueron: edad, sexo, área de trabajo, años de experiencia, percepción sobre utilidad del Proceso de Atención de Enfermería, vías de obtención de conocimiento y nivel de conocimientos. Para el análisis de los datos se calcularon distribuciones de frecuencias absolutas y relativas (porcentajes). Resultados: predominó el grupo etáreo de 40 a 49 años (48,36 por ciento), el sexo femenino (95,90 por ciento), el área de trabajo consultorio (56,55 por ciento); el 50,81 por ciento con 21 o más años de experiencia, el 51,63 por ciento valora la utilidad del proceso, el 71,31 por ciento recibió información de los docentes y el 24,59 por ciento obtuvo un buen nivel de conocimientos. El nivel de conocimiento fue regular para un 64,7 por ciento. Conclusiones: el nivel de conocimientos sobre el Proceso de Atención de Enfermería en profesionales de enfermería del municipio Yara es adecuado, aunque mejorable, principalmente en la identificación de las necesidades que afectan a los pacientes y la formulación de los diagnósticos de enfermería(AU)

Introduction: The Process of Attention of Infirmary; You become converted in essence in the method for the one that the theoretic bases apply themselves to professional practice. It is decided to accomplish this investigation for the insufficiencies in the knowledge level the nursing professionals on the care plan in nursing. cObjective: Evaluating the knowledge level on nursing care plan in nursing professionals. Methods: Descriptive transverse court's study in Yara during 2014. You were conformed in favor of 122 nurses (to you). The data acquisition came true through an opinion poll. The utilized variables matched: Age, sex, working space, years of experience, perception on utility of Attenction Process of nursing, roads of obtaining of knowledge and level of knowledge. They calculated absolute and relative frequency distributions for the analysis of the data (percentages). Results: Predominated the group etáreo of 40 to 49 years with a 48.36 percent the female sex 95.90 percent, the working space doctor's office with 69 for a 56.55 percent, the 50.81 percent with 21 or more years of experiences, the 51.63 percent the 71.31 percent appraises the utility of the process you received the teachers' information and the 24.59 percent got a good level from knowledge. The level of knowledge was not too bad not too good for a 64,7 percent. It was concluded that the knowledge that they possess are insufficient. Conclusions: The knowledge level on nursing care plan in nursing professionals in nursing professionals Yara municipality is adequate, but improvable principally in the identification of the needs affected in the patients and the formulation of the nursing diagnosises(AU)

Los enfermeros y la seguridad del paciente en la praxis hospitalaria / Os enfermeiros e a segurança do paciente na práxis hospitalar / Nurses and patient safety in hospital practice

Study of qualitative nature, with the aimof analyzing nurses' knowledge on patient safety in the hospital environment.Field research was conducted in October 2015 at a general hospital in the south of the state of Minas Gerais, by means of semi-structured interviews with 43 nurses.The data were analyzed with the use ofBardin'scontent analysis method, identifying two categories:nurses' knowledge on patient safety in hospital practice and patient safety in nursing practice:strengths/strategies and weaknesses/difficulties.The results pointed that nurses have knowledge on patient safety based on the World Health Organization and the Patient Safety National Program, and they demonstrated concern for aligning work processes and improving safety culture in health services (AU).

Estudo de natureza qualitativa, com o objetivo de analisar o conhecimento dos enfermeiros sobre segurança do paciente no ambiente hospitalar. A pesquisa de campo foi realizada em um hospital geral do sul de Minas Gerais, em outubro de 2015, por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas com 43 enfermeiros. Os dados foram analisados utilizando a técnica de análise de conteúdo, conforme Bardin, identificando duas categorias: conhecimento dos enfermeiros sobre segurança do paciente na práxis hospitalar e segurança do paciente na práxis do enfermeiro: fortalezas/estratégias e fragilidades/dificuldades. Os resultados apontam que os enfermeiros possuem o conhecimento sobre segurança do paciente embasado na Organização Mundial de Saúde e Programa Nacional de Segurança do Paciente e demonstram preocupação em alinhar os processos de trabalho e melhorar a cultura de segurança no serviço de saúde (AU).

Estudio de naturaleza cuantitativa, con el objetivo de analizar el conocimiento de los enfermeros sobre seguridad del paciente en el ámbito hospitalario. La investigación de campo fue realizada en un hospital general de Minas Gerais, en octubre de 2015, a través de entrevistas semiestructuradas con 43 enfermeros. Datos analizados utilizando técnica de análisis de contenido según Bardin, identificándose dos categorías: conocimiento de los enfermeros sobre seguridad del paciente en la praxis hospitalaria y seguridad del paciente en la praxis del enfermero: fortalezas/estrategias y debilidades/dificultades. Los resultados expresan que los enfermeros poseen el conocimiento sobre seguridad del paciente basado en la Organización Mundial de la Salud y el Programa Nacional de Seguridad del Paciente, y demuestran preocupación por ordenar los procesos de trabajo y mejorar la cultura de seguridad del servicio de salud (AU).

Knowledge-base for interpretation of cerebrospinal fluid data patterns. Essentials in neurology and psychiatry / Bases do conhecimento para interpretação de padrões de dados em líquido cefalorraquidiano. Essenciais em neurologia e psiquiatria

ABSTRACT The physiological and biophysical knowledge base for interpretations of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) data and reference ranges are essential for the clinical pathologist and neurochemist. With the popular description of the CSF flow dependent barrier function, the dynamics and concentration gradients of blood-derived, brain-derived and leptomeningeal proteins in CSF or the specificity-independent functions of B-lymphocytes in brain also the neurologist, psychiatrist, neurosurgeon as well as the neuropharmacologist may find essentials for diagnosis, research or development of therapies. This review may help to replace the outdated ideas like “leakage” models of the barriers, linear immunoglobulin Index Interpretations or CSF electrophoresis. Calculations, Interpretations and analytical pitfalls are described for albumin quotients, quantitation of immunoglobulin synthesis in Reibergrams, oligoclonal IgG, IgM analysis, the polyspecific ( MRZ- ) antibody reaction, the statistical treatment of CSF data and general quality assessment in the CSF laboratory. The diagnostic relevance is documented in an accompaning review.

RESUMO As bases do conhecimento biológico e biofísico para interpretação de dados do líquido cefalorraquidiano (LCR), assim como das faixas de referência, são essenciais para o patologista clínico e para o neuroquímico. Com a descrição popular da função de barreira dependente do fluxo LCR, a dinâmica e os gradientes de concentração das proteínas derivadas do sangue, do cérebro e da leptomeninge no LCR, bem como as funções específico-independentes dos linfócitos B no cérebro também podem ser essenciais para o diagnóstico ou o desenvolvimento de terapias pelo neurologista, psiquiatra, neurocirurgião e neurofarmacologista. Essa revisão pode auxiliar na substituição de conceitos ultrapassados como os dos modelos de “ruptura” das barreiras, das interpretações lineares do índice de imunoglobulina ou da eletroforese do LCR. Cálculos, interpretações e armadilhas analíticas são descritos para quocientes de albumina, quantificação da síntese de imunoglobulinas em Reibergramas, IgG oligoclonal, análise de IgM, reação MRZ (anticorpo poliespecífico), tratamento estatístico de dados do LCR e qualidade geral das análises no laboratório de LCR. A relevância do diagnóstico está documentada em uma revisão anexa a este documento.

Pensamiento sistémico y psicología: un cambio de paradigma para la comprensión de realidades complejas / Systemic thinking and psychology: a paradigm shift for the understanding of complex realities

El creciente interés por el modelo de pensamiento sistémico en la última década y de las ciencias de la complejidad o paradigma de la complejidad, cuyo exponente más reconocido en la actualidad es Edgar Morín, tiene un desarrollo histórico de más de 40 años, que se viene nutriendo de varias corrientes del pensamiento filosófico y científico. En este ejercicio de escritura revisaremos la necesidad que emerge en la época actual de revolucionar el pensar científico y para ello se retomarán los aportes de Thomas Kuhn, defensor del desarrollo y cambio de la ciencia, a la luz de la evolución y del análisis epistemológico de los constructos científicos. Se parte de reconocer dicho cambio como necesario y como producto de un desarrollo histórico, que atraviesa las formas de conocer y producir conocimientos de los seres humanos. De igual manera se hace una breve descripción de los aportes de algunos teóricos en la consolidación del marco epistemológico de las ciencias de la complejidad como marco referencial del pensamiento sistémico y de ellos se rescatan los aportes de la Teoría General de Sistemas y la Cibernética de Segundo orden, evidenciando que en la actualidad a las diversas disciplinas de las ciencias sociales y humanas, se les exige el estudio y la comprensión de una importante cantidad de variables de mayores niveles de complejidad, que reclaman a la academia, a los teóricos y profesionales, ampliar sus marcos de comprensión epistemológica hacia metateorías que faciliten la multireferencialidad. Este ejercicio de escritura se configura, entonces, como una invitación para los profesionales de la psicología, a leer y comprender el momento histórico del cual somos participes como grupo disciplinar.

The growing interest in the systemic thinking model in the last decade and the complexity sciences or paradigm of complexity, whose most recognized exponent is Edgar Morín, has a historical development of more than 40 years, which is coming nourishing various currents of philosophical and scientific thought. In this writing exercise we will review the need that emerges in the current era to revolutionize scientific thinking and for this we will return to the contributions of Thomas Kuhn, defender of the development and change of science, in the light of evolution and the epistemological analysis of the scientific constructs. It starts from recognizing this change as necessary and as a product of a historical development, which goes through the ways of knowing and producing knowledge of human beings. Likewise, a brief description of the contributions of some theorists in the consolidation of the epistemological framework of the complexity sciences is made as a referential frame of systemic thinking and from them the contributions of the General Theory of Systems and the Second Cybernetics are rescued. order, evidencing that currently the various disciplines of the social and human sciences are required to study and understand a large number of variables of higher levels of complexity, which demand the academy, the theorists and professionals, expand their frameworks of epistemological understanding towards metateorías that facilitate multireferenciality. This writing exercise is configured, then, as an invitation for professionals in psychology, to read and understand the historical moment of which we are participants as a disciplinary group.

La enfermera encuestadora en la vigilancia de las infecciones de transmisión sexual / The surveyor nurse i n the vigilance of sexual transmission infections

Introducción: las infecciones de transmisión sexual representan un serio problema a escala mundial, tanto en términos económicos como sociales. Su control es decisivo para mejorar la salud reproductiva de toda la población, constituyendo uno de los grandes desafíos de la salud pública contemporánea. Objetivo: identificar los conocimientos de las enfermeras encuestadoras sobre la atención de pacientes con infección de transmisión sexual. Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal en La Habana durante el año 2012. El universo de estudio quedó constituido por 117 enfermeras encuestadoras que laboran en Atención Primaria de Salud de los 15 municipios de la provincia. Para recoger la información se utilizó la encuesta, revisión bibliográfica y documental, y su procesamiento se realizó en una base de datos creada en Excel. Resultados: el 59,8 por ciento de las enfermeras encuestadas eran especializadas en Infecciones de Transmisión Sexual, predominó el grupo de 40-49 años con un 33,3 por ciento, según el tiempo de trabajo como encuestadora predominó el grupo de 5-9 años con un 25,6 por ciento, el municipio con más encuestadoras fue 10 de octubre, el 24 por ciento desconocía que las infecciones de transmisión sexual, incluyendo VIH/sida, también se transmiten por el embarazo, lactancia materna y transfusión sanguínea, y solo el 18,8 por ciento supo reconocer correctamente el periodo de incubación del VIH/sida. Conclusiones: las enfermeras encuestadoras se caracterizaron por tener una adecuada experiencia en su trabajo. Sus conocimientos fueron apropiados para la sífilis y blenorragia, no siendo así para el VIH/sida y las otras Infecciones de Transmisión Sexual(AU)

Introduction: the sexual transmission infections represent a serious problem to global scale as much in cost-reducing terms like social. Their control is decisive to improve the reproductive health in the population, constituting one of the biggest challenges in the contemporary public health. Objective: of identifying the knowledge and abilities the nurses have for the attention of patients that present any sexual transmission infection; and that they enable an adequate integration on them in the strategy for the prevention on the STI's/HIV/SIDA. Methods: adescriptive method was carried out taking as a sample 117 nurses specialized in STI's, who were working in the Health Primary Attention in the 15 municipalities of Havana City during the year 2012. The survey, the bibliographic and documents revision were the techniques and methods used for the collection of data. Information processing came true in a data base created in Excel. Results: the 59,8 percent of the surveyed nurses were specialized in STI's, predominating the group of 40-49 years with a 33.3 percent, according to time of work as surveyor predominated the group of 5-9 years with a 25.6 percent 10 de October is the municipality with more surveyors, the 24 percent does not know that the STI's/HIV/SIDA are transmitted themselves for pregnancy, breast-feeding and blood transfusion, and only the 18,8 percent could recognize correctly the HIV/SIDA incubation period. Conclusions: surveyors nurses are characterized adequate working experience. Their knowledge was appropriate in the case of Syphilis and blennorrhagia, which was not the same in the case of HIV/ AIDS and others STD's(AU)

Autopsias realizadas en el Hospital "Comandante Manuel Fajardo Rivero" / Autopsies performed at "Comandante Manuel Fajardo Rivero" Hospital

OBJETIVO: realizar un análisis multicausal de la muerte a partir de las autopsias realizadas en el Hospital "Comandante Manuel Fajardo Rivero". MÉTODOS: estudio retrospectivo, longitudinal en 2 480 autopsias de la base de datos de autopsias del SARCAP, realizadas en el Hospital Militar "Comandante Manuel Fajardo Rivero" entre 1991 y 2011. Se analizaron las variables: sexo, edad, especialidades de egreso, estadía hospitalaria, principales enfermedades, causas de muerte y evaluación de sus diagnósticos premortem. RESULTADOS: predominó el sexo masculino (51,7 %) y el grupo etario de 75-84 años (31 %). El 79,6 % de los pacientes fallecidos fueron en el área de atención al grave y el 47,8 % de los casos fallecieron con hasta 48 h de estadía. Las principales causas directas de muerte fueron la bronconeumonía y el infarto cardiaco; mientras las básicas fueron la aterosclerosis coronaria, cerebral y generalizada. Y entre las principales causas contribuyentes estuvieron la hipertensión arterial y la diabetes mellitus. Las discrepancias para las causas directas y básicas de muerte se presentaron en una de cada cuatro autopsias. CONCLUSIONES: el estudio multicausal de la muerte permite caracterizar los principales problemas de salud. La aplicación del SARCAP y el diagnóstico del daño multiorgánico han sido logros importantes de la especialidad alcanzados en la institución. La metodología de trabajo para el estudio de la autopsia y su empleo en la mejora continua de la calidad de la asistencia médica en este centro constituye referencia para otros hospitales.

OBJECTIVE: to conduct a multi-causal analysis of death on autopsies performed at "Comandante Manuel Fajardo Rivero" Hospital. METHODS: a retrospective, longitudinal study was conducted in 2480 autopsies from SARCAP autopsy database, at "Comandante Manuel Fajardo Rivero" Military Hospital from 1991 to 2011. Variables were analyzed including sex, age, hospital stay, major diseases, and causes of death and assessment of their pre-mortem diagnosis. RESULTS: there was 51.7 % predominance of males and 31 % of the 75-84 year- age group. 79.6 % of the patients who died were in the assistance area of severe patients and 47.8 % of patients who died were up to 48 hours in hospital. The main direct causes of death were bronchopneumonia and cardiac infarction; while widespread coronary and cerebral atherosclerosis was the basic infections. High blood pressure and diabetes mellitus were among the major contributing causes. Discrepancies for direct and underlying causes of death occurred in one of every four autopsies. CONCLUSIONS: the multi-causal study of death allows characterizing main health problems. SARCAP application and diagnosis of multiple organ failure has been important achievements in the specialty at this institution. The methodology for autopsy study and its use in the continuous improvement of the quality of medical care at this facility is a milestone to other hospitals.

Influência de uma estratégia educativa na promoção do uso de alimentos regionais / Influence of an educational strategy to promote the use of regional food

Objetivo: avaliar o conhecimento, atitude e prática dos familiares de crianças pré-escolares sobre os alimentos regionais, através de um inquérito, antes e após a intervenção educativa. Métodos: pesquisa pré-experimental de modelo de pré-teste/pós-teste com único grupo, com 62 familiares de crianças pré-escolares. Antes e após um mês da realização da atividade educativa utilizando o álbum seriado, Alimentos regionais promovendo a segurança alimentar, aplicou-se o inquérito. Resultados: constatou-se que, após a estratégia educativa, houve um aumento na classificação “adequada” em cada eixo do inquérito sobre os alimentos regionais, sendo a variação do conhecimento (17,7%-77,4%), atitude (21%-72,6%) e prática (14,5%-64,5%), consequentemente, um avanço em 59,7% no conhecimento, 51,6% na atitude e 50% na prática. Conclusão: o uso da tecnologia educativa apresentou influência positiva no conhecimento, atitude e prática dos familiares, contribuindo, assim, para a promoção da saúde da criança e da família.