Monitoreo serológico y psicológico en personal de salud durante el comienzo de la pandemia COVID-19 / Serological and psychological monitoring of healthcare workers during the start of the COVID-19 pandemic

Introducción: el personal de salud (PdS) es esencial en la lucha contra el COVID-19. Al inicio de la pandemia, el riesgo de adquirir la enfermedad en este grupo era desconocido. Buscamos estimar incidencia y prevalencia de anticuerpos anti-SARS-CoV-2, y prevalencia de burnout en una cohorte de PdS durante la pandemia COVID-19, así como valorar la prevalencia de burnout y depresión en la cohorte. Materiales y métodos: cohorte prospectiva conformada por médicos que atendían pacientes COVID-19 desde marzo de 2020 hasta enero de 2021, en un hospital de alta complejidad de la ciudad de Buenos Aires. Se evaluó IgM e IgG anti-SARS-CoV-2 quincenalmente durante 3 meses, así como la presencia de síntomas compatibles y factores asociados a la exposición. Se remitió a participantes con alteraciones de la esfera psíquica a contacto con el equipo de salud mental del hospital. Resultados: se incluyeron 52 participantes; de ellos, 31 eran mujeres; mediana de edad 32 años (rango 25-58). La mediana de horas semanales de trabajo autoinformadas fue 48 (IIC [intervalo intercuartil] 40-69,5). Inicialmente todos fueron PCR SARS-CoV-2 negativos en hisopado nasal; 11 (21,50% IC 95%; 9,62-32,53%) tuvieron COVID-19 sintomático con anticuerpos positivos. Los factores con mayor asociación a riesgo de COVID-19 fueron anosmia/disgeusia OR 403,33 (IC 95%; 47,60-3417,02), fiebre OR 172,53 (IC 95%; 28,82-1032,65), mialgias OR 41,97 (IC 95%; 8,08-217,84), conviviente con COVID-19 OR 28,17 (IC 95%; 5,67-179,97). Cerca del 40% presentaba alteraciones en las escalas de medición de burnout o depresión. Discusión: la incidencia hallada coincide con las cifras informadas acerca de personal de salud en la etapa inicial de la pandemia en la Argentina. Otro aspecto similar fue una mayoría de infecciones de curso leve, sin ningún paciente hospitalizado. No obstante, se halló una elevada incidencia de alteraciones de la esfera psíquica, tanto al comienzo como al final del seguimiento. Conclusiones: la incidencia de positivización de anticuerpos anti-SARS-CoV-2 fue cercana al 20%. No evidenciamos infecciones presintomáticas o asintomáticas. En cambio, la prevalencia de burnout y depresión fue elevada. La salud mental es un componente del personal de salud que debe ser priorizado en situaciones futuras de impacto similar. (AU)

Introduction: healthcare personnel are essential in the response against COVID-19. At the beginning of the pandemic the risk of acquiring the disease in this group was unknown. We sought to estimate incidence and prevalence of anti SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, as well as burnout prevalence in a cohort of healthcare staff during the pandemic, as well as assessing the prevalence of burnout and depression in this group. Materials and methods: prospective cohort formed by physicians tending to COVID-19 patients from march 2020 to january 2021 in a high-complexity hospital in the city of Buenos Aires. We evaluated anti SARS-CoV-2 IgM and IgG each 15 days for 3 months as well as the presence of compatible symptoms and factors associated to exposition to the virus. Patients showing signs of burnout and/or depression were referred to proper care by the mental health team in the hospital. Results: we included 52 patients, 31 women, median age was 32 years (range 25 - 58). Median amount of self-reported hours worked each week was 48 (IQR 40 - 69.5). Initially all participants had a negative COVID-19 PCR nasopharyngeal swab; 11 (21.50% CI95% 9.62 - 32.53%) had symptomatic COVID-19 with positive antibodies. Factors showing stronger association with testing positive were anosmia/dysgeusia OR 403.33 (CI95% 47.60-3417.02), fever OR 172.53 (CI95% 28.82 - 1032.65), myalgia OR 41.97 (CI95% 8.08 - 217.84), cohabitation with confirmed COVID-19 case OR 28.17 (CI95% 5.67 - 179.97). Near 40% showed alterations in burnout or depression scales. Discussion: the incidence rate we found was like reported values in the initial stages of the pandemic in Argentina. Another similarity was that all cases were mild; no hospitalization was required for any participant. We found an elevated incidence of alterations in the psychic sphere, both at the beginning and end of the follow up period. Conclusions:the incidence of positive SARS-CoV-2 antibodies was around 20%. No pre or asymptomatic cases were identified. Burnout and depression incidence was high. Mental health is a component that should never be overlooked in similar situations to come. (AU)

Perfil socioprofissional dos médicos atuantes em serviços hospitalares / Social and professional profile of physicians working in hospitals

Objetivo: Determinar o perfil socioprofissional dos médicos que atuam em serviços hospitalares de urgência e emergência. Métodos: Realizou-se uma pesquisa descritiva com delineamento transversal. Foram avaliadas as informações de 60 médicos que atuavam em três hospitais com serviços de urgência e emergência do município de Imperatriz (MA), no período de janeiro a março de 2018. Para coleta de dados, utilizou-se um questionário autoaplicável contendo 18 questões. Resultados: Dos 60 participantes, 70% eram do sexo masculino, e 53,3% não ingressaram em programas de Residência Médica. A média de idade dos profissionais foi de 37 anos, enquanto a média do tempo de atuação no setor de urgência e emergência foi de 11 anos. Dos participantes, 85% referiram ter realizado cursos complementares voltados para a área da emergência. Os cursos mais citados foram o Advanced Cardiac Life Support (39,3%) e o Advanced Trauma Life Support (38,1%). Conclusão: Os perfis dos médicos foram de jovens, com predominância do sexo masculino e com pouco tempo de experiência profissional em atuação no setor de urgência e emergência. Identificou-se grande adesão aos cursos complementares na área de emergência e de educação continuada. Entretanto, apenas uma minoria dos participantes possuía especialidade e pós-graduação stricto e lato sensu.

Objective: To establish the social and professional profile of physicians working in emergency hospital services. Methods: A descriptive study with cross-sectional design was carried out. The information of 60 physicians working in hospitals with emergency services in the municipality of Imperatriz, MA, from January to March 2018 was assessed. A self-administered questionnaire with 18 questions was applied for data collection. Results: Of the 60 participants, 70% were men and 53.3% did not enroll in Medical Residency Programs. The physicians' mean age was 37 years, while the mean time of work in the emergency department was 11 years. Of the participants, 85% declared taking complementary courses on the emergency area. The most cited courses were Advanced Cardiac Life Support (39.3%) and Advanced Trauma Life Support (38.1%). Conclusion: The physicians' profiles were being young, a predominance of men, and little experience in on the emergency area. There was high adhesion to complementary courses in the area of emergency and of Continuing Education. However only a minority of participants had a graduate certificate or a graduate degree.

"Entre vidas e mortes, entre máscaras e fugas": um estudo sobre a prática médica hospitalar / "Between lives and deaths, between masks and escapes": a study on hospital medical practice

Resumo Nas sociedades complexas, confere-se aos médicos um saber sobre-humano que desafia a morte e a contesta como parte da vida. Nos serviços de urgência e emergência, diversos profissionais atuam diuturnamente e de modo muito próximo com a vida e com a morte. Este artigo analisa a prática médica ocidental a partir de um trabalho etnográfico realizado junto a médicos que trabalham num serviço de urgência e emergência de uma grande cidade. Buscou-se compreender a forma como esses médicos, enquanto indivíduos, sujeitos e profissionais lidam com a vida e com a morte em sua práxis. A análise dos dados apontou para relações éticas, institucionais, culturais e idiossincráticas na atuação médica diante da(s) vida(s) e da(s) morte(s) das pessoas assistidas.

Abstract The complex societies attribute to the physicians a superhuman knowledge that defies death and refuse to recognize death as part of life. In urgency and emergency services, several professionals work daily and nightly close to life and death. This article analyzes the Western medical practice, based on an ethnographic study conducted with medical professionals who work in a big city emergency and urgency health service. We aimed to understand how these doctors, as individuals, subjects and professionals, deal with life and death in professional praxis. Data analysis pointed to ethical, institutional, cultural and idiosyncratic relations in medical action facing the life(ves) and death(s) of the assisted people.

Conocimiento de médicos de 2 hospitales peruanos sobre la relación entre enfermedad periodontal y alteraciones sistémicas / Knowledge of physicians, from 2 peruvian hospitals on the relationship between periodontal and systemic diseases

Objetivo: Determinar el nivel de conocimiento sobre la enfermedad periodontal y su relación con la diabetes mellitus, la gestación y las enfermedades cardiovasculares, en médicos de 2 hospitales peruanos. Material y método El presente estudio, transversal y descriptivo, se desarrolló entre abril y mayo de 2014 e incluyó un total de 77 médicos, 39 del Hospital Belén de Trujillo y 38 del Víctor Lazarte Echegaray (Trujillo, Perú), a quienes se les aplicó un cuestionario, sometido previamente a validación por expertos y análisis de confiabilidad (Alfa de Cronbach = 0,605). Resultados El nivel de conocimiento sobre la enfermedad periodontal y su relación con la diabetes mellitus, la gestación y las enfermedades cardiovasculares fue bueno en un 57,1 por ciento y regular en un 41,6 por ciento de los médicos evaluados. No se encontraron diferencias con respecto a la especialidad médica (p = 0,348) ni al tiempo de ejercicio profesional (p = 0,403). Conclusión Los resultados permiten concluir que el nivel de conocimiento sobre la enfermedad periodontal y su relación con la diabetes mellitus, la gestación y las enfermedades cardiovasculares fue bueno en el 57,1 por ciento de los médicos de los hospitales Belén y Víctor Lazarte Echegaray de Trujillo, Perú, 2014.

Objective: To determine the level of knowledge of physicians from two Peruvian hospitals on the relationship between periodontal and systemic diseases. Methods This cross-sectional and descriptive study was conducted between April and May 2014 and included a total of 77 physicians, 39 from Hospital Belen de Trujillo and 38 from Hospital Victor Lazarte Echegaray (Trujillo, Peru). They were given a questionnaire that was previously submitted for validation by experts and reliability analysis (Cronbach's alpha = 0.605). Results The level of knowledge on periodontal disease and its relationship with diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease and pregnancy was good in 57.1 percent and moderate in 41.6 percent of physicians who responded. No differences were found as regards medical specialty (P = .348) or professional experience (P = .403). Conclusion The results suggest that the level of knowledge on periodontal disease and its relationship with diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease and pregnancy was good in 57.1 percent of physicians from Victor Lazarte Echegaray and Belen hospitals in Trujillo, Peru, in 2014.

Conocimiento de médicos de un Hospital Universitario de Buenos Aires respecto de las recomendaciones de vigilancia colonoscópica luego del hallazgo de un pólipo colónico: estudio de corte transversal / Knowledge of physician that work in a University Hospital of Buenos Aires about the recommendations of colonoscopic surveillance after the discovery of a colonic polyp: cross sectional study

Antecedentes: los pacientes con pólipos colónicos suelen ser sobre vigilados, lo que los expone a riesgos innecesarios y aumenta las dificultades para satisfacer las demandas genuinas de dicha prestación. Objetivo: documentar el conocimiento sobre recomendaciones de vigilancia colonoscópica en un Hospital Universitario Privado de Buenos Aires. Material y métodos: estudio de corte transversal a través de un cuestionario autoadministrado con varios escenarios clínicos. Fueron invitados todos los profesionales con alta carga de atención programada y todos los residentes de medicina familiar y comunitaria (n=94; tasa de respuesta75,5%).Resultados: predominó el error por sobre vigilancia (20% para pólipos hiperplásicos; 47% para adenomas tubulares de 6mm sin displasia y56% para un adenoma tubular de 12 mm con un foco de displasia de alto grado).Conclusiones: las respuestas fueron mejores que las reportadas por la bibliografía, con predominio del error por sobre vigilancia.

Background: Patients with colonic polyps usually oversurveilled over-monitored, which exposes them to unnecessary risks and increases the difficulties to meet the genuine demands of colonoscopyt. Objective: To document the knowledge about current recommendations of colonoscopic surveillance in a University Associated Private Hospital in Buenos Aires. Methods: cross-sectional study through a self-administered questionnaire with several clinical scenarios. All professionals with a high burden of scheduled care and all family medicine residents were invited (n = 94, response rate: 75.5%). Results: over-surveillance error predominated (20% for hyperplastic polyps, 47% for a 6mm tubular adenomas without dysplasia and 56% for a 12 mm tubular adenoma with a focus of high-grade dysplasia). Conclusions: The responses were better than those reported in the literature. Over-surveillance error was the most frecuently documentated.

O imaginário coletivo de médicos que atuam em reprodução assistida / The Collective Imaginary of physicians working in Assisted Reproduction

Introdução: Em Reprodução Assistida toda a equipe compartilha com o casal o árduo caminho composto pelas fases do tratamento, porém, o presente estudo deteve-se a experiência do médico. Objetivos: Investigar o Imaginário Coletivo de médicos que atuam em Reprodução Assistida sobre as situações de difícil manejo em sua prática profissional. Métodos: Foram feitas entrevistas únicas individuais, utilizando o Procedimento de Desenho-Estória com Tema como instrumento dialógico. A partir das entrevistas foi criada uma narrativa transferencial ficcional preservando elementos essenciais da dramática humana estudada. Os registros foram interpretados à luz do método psicanalítico buscando a criação/encontro de campos de sentido afetivo-emocional. Resultados: Foram encontrados os seguintes campos: "Não deu certo!?", que organiza-se ao redor da ideia de que não alcançar o objetivo pretendido seria o equivalente a fracassar, mesmo diante de situações incertas; "Engole o choro!", que organiza-se mediante a crença de que é preciso conter os sentimentos diante de determinadas situações, não deixar-se emocionar; "Fora do comum", que organiza-se por meio da crença de que quem está em posição de cuidador é e/ou precisa ser excepcional. Conclusões: Para a formação e à prática médica é preciso incluir, além da visão científica-tecnológica, a abordagem da subjetividade. É necessária a criação de enquadres diferenciados que auxiliem o médico a aproximar-se emocionalmente de seu trabalho, facilitem a superação de dissociações, promovam a saúde mental, contribuindo para que o exercício da profissão seja gratificante e dotado de um sentido genuíno...

In Assisted Reproduction the whole team shares with the couple the hard journey through the phases of the treatment, however, this study is about the doctor's experience. Objectives: To investigate the Collective Imaginary of doctors working in Assisted Reproduction on some difficult situations in their professional practice. Methods: Individual interviews were conducted using the Thematic Story-Drawing Procedure as dialogical instrument. From the interviews a fictional narrative transference were created preserving essential elements of the human drama studied. The records were interpreted in light of the psychoanalytic method seeking the creation / gathering of affective-emotional sense fields. Results: The following fields were found: "It did not work!?", which is organized around the idea that not reaching the target would be equivalent to failing, even due to uncertain situations; "Swallow your crying!", Which is organized by the belief that one must contain the feelings before certain situations, not allowing themselves to get emotional; "Out of the ordinary", which is organized by the belief that who is in the position caregiver is and / or needs to be exceptional. Conclusions: For the training and medical practice is necessary to include, beyond the scientific-technological view, the approach of subjectivity. It is necessary to create different framings that help the doctor to approach their work emotionally, facilitate the overcoming of dissociations, promote mental health, this way contributing to the exercise of the profession so it can be rewarding and endowed with a genuine sense...

Idosos em Unidades de Terapia Intensiva na perspectiva de médicos em hospital brasileiro / Old people in Intensive Care Units

O ritmo intenso do envelhecimento populacional no Brasil tem levado a questionamentos sobre o impacto das mudanças demográficas em diferentes âmbitos da Seguridade Social, dentre os quais destacamos a área da saúde e, mais especificamente, as Unidades de Terapia Intensiva. Os avanços representados pelos princípios do Sistema Único de Saúde, a criação do Estatuto do Idoso e a preocupação com os direitos humanos tornam urgentes reflexões sobre o que se coloca como desafio no atendimento médico à população idosa em UTI. Médicos intensivistas têm sua atuação marcada, dentre outros fatores, pelos sentidos que atribuem à fase da vida e a visão que têm de seus pacientes idosos. Esta pesquisa teve por objetivo compreender quais os sentidos que médicos que atuam em UTI atribuem a velho/velhice/envelhecimento e suas relações com as práticas de assistência prestada aos pacientes idosos. Trata-se de pesquisa qualitativa, realizada por meio de observação participante de reuniões de equipes que atuam em UTI de um hospital escola na cidade de São Paulo, e de entrevistas com médicos que compõem estas equipes. Os dados foram analisados sob a ótica Construcionista. Os resultados apontam para a existência de uma polissemia relacionada à velhice, incluindo sentidos que podem produzir práticas idadistas quando não há uma postura reflexiva dos profissionais a respeito do tema, ou quando conflitos decorrentes da complexidade que envolve o atendimento hospitalar em diferentes contextos econômicos...

The intense pace of population aging in Brazil has led to questions about the impact of demographic changes on different aspects of Social Security, among which we highlight the area of health and, more specifically, the Intensive Care Units (ICU). The advances represented by the principles of the Unified Health System (SUS), the creation of the Elderly Statute and the concerns for Human Rights, have sped up reflections on what it is a challenge in the medical care to old people population in the ICU. Intensive care physicians have marked their performance, among other factors, by the meanings they attribute to this stage of life and by the vision they have of their elderly patients. This research aimed to explain which are the meanings attributed by that physicians working in ICUs to old/old people/aging, and their relationship to practical assistance provided to elderly patients. This is a qualitative research, resulting from the participatory observations of teams working at ICU in a university hospital in São Paulo, and from interviews with the physicians who take part in these teams. Data have been analyzed from the constructionist perspective. The results signalize to the existence of an age-related polysemy, including meanings that may produce ageist practices when there is a lack of reflexive posture of professionals about the subject, or when conflicts arising from the complexity that involves inpatient care in different economic contexts are imposed to...

Conhecimento do médico hospitalar referente à higiene e as manifestações bucais de pacientes internados / Hospital physicians' knowledge of oral hygiene and oral manifestations in hospitalized patients

Objetivo: Avaliar através de questionário o conhecimento de médicoshospitalares referente à saúde bucal de pacientes internados. Métodos: Inicialmente os autores se dirigiam aos hospitais e pediam para os profissionais envolvidos preencherem um questionário semiestruturado.No total foram entrevistados 100 médicos, em seis hospitais, que atuam na rede pública e privada. O questionário foi composto por 12 questões que envolviam o ambiente hospitalar de atendimento; a área de atuação do médico; a unidade hospitalar que trabalha; a participação do cirurgião-dentista (CD) no ambientehospitalar; o conhecimento do médico referente à saúde bucal e aodiagnóstico das manifestações orais.Resultados: 52% dos médicos afirmaram não existir um controle deinfecção bucal, inclusive na unidade de terapia intensiva (UTI); 45% relataram nunca ter solicitado a presença do cirurgião dentista na equipe de saúde; cerca de 93% desconheciam a forma adequada de diagnosticar a doença periodontal; e 84% da doença cárie. Sobre as questões relacionadas à higiene bucal todos os profissionaisdesconheciam técnicas e instrumentos relacionados à higiene bucal. Destaca-se nas respostas que os médicos hospitalares, na sua grande maioria, acreditam que uma unidade hospitalar de odontologia poderia diminuir o tempo de internação dos pacientes. Conclusão: Há deficiência no conhecimento dos médicos hospitalares frente ao controle do biofilme oral dos pacientes hospitalizados, mas não omissão frente às questões que envolvem o foco de infecção odontogênica...

Objective: To evaluate hospital physiciansÆ knowledge of the oralhealth of hospitalized patients by means of a questionnaire-based survey.Methods: Physicians working at hospitals were invited to fill out a semistructured questionnaire. One hundred physicians from six public andprivate hospitals were interviewed. The questionnaire contained 12 questions addressing the hospital care facilities, the physicianÆs area of expertise, the hospital unit where he/she worked, the dentistÆs role in the hospital environment, and the physicianÆs knowledge of oral health and diagnosis of oral manifestations. Results: Among the interviewed physicians, 52% stated that there was no control of oral infections in the hospital were they worked, including the intensive care unit (ICU); 45% reported never asking for a dentist in the health care team; approximately 93% and 84% did not know the correct manner for diagnosing periodontal disease and dental caries,respectively. Regarding the questions relative to oral hygiene, none of the physicians knew about oral hygiene instruments and techniques. Among the answers, it should be highlighted that most physicians believed that a hospital dental unit could reduce the hospitalization time of patients.Conclusion: Under the conditions of this study, it may be concluded that the hospital physicians do not know how to control oral biofilm in hospitalized patients, but they are aware of the issues involving infections of odontogenic origin...

Invasive candidosis: contrasting the perceptions of infectious disease physicians and intensive care physicians

Introduction We analyze how infectious disease physicians perceive and manage invasive candidosis in Brazil, in comparison to intensive care unit specialists. Methods A 38-question survey was administered to 56 participants. Questions involved clinicians' perceptions of the epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment and prophylaxis of invasive candidosis. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results The perception that candidemia not caused by Candida albicans occurs in less than 10% of patients is more commonly held by intensive care unit specialists (p=0.018). Infectious disease physicians almost always use antifungal drugs in the treatment of patients with candidemia, and antifungal drugs are not as frequently prescribed by intensive care unit specialists (p=0.006). Infectious disease physicians often do not use voriconazole when a patient's antifungal treatment has failed with fluconazole, which also differs from the behavior of intensive care unit specialists (p=0.019). Many intensive care unit specialists use fluconazole to treat candidemia in neutropenic patients previously exposed to fluconazole, in contrast to infectious disease physicians (p=0.024). Infectious disease physicians prefer echinocandins as a first choice in the treatment of unstable neutropenic patients more frequently than intensive care unit specialists (p=0.013). When candidemia is diagnosed, most infectious disease physicians perform fundoscopy (p=0.015), whereas intensive care unit specialists usually perform echocardiograms on all patients (p=0.054). Conclusions This study reveals a need to better educate physicians in Brazil regarding invasive candidosis. The appropriate management of this disease depends on more drug options being available in our country in addition to global coverage in private and public hospitals, thereby improving health care. .

Preliminary study about occupational stress of physicians and nurses in pediatric and neonatal intensive care units: the balance between effort and reward / Estudo preliminar sobre o estresse ocupacional de médicos e enfermeiros em UTI pediátrica e neonatal: o equilíbrio entre esforço e recompensa / Estudio preliminar sobre el estrés ocupacional de médicos y enfermeros en UTI pediátrica y neonatal: el equilibrio entre esfuerzo y recompensa

This study compared the balance between effort (E) and reward (R) among physicians and nurses working in pediatric (PED) and neonatal (NEO) Intensive Care Units. This descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out with 37 physicians and 20 nurses. The Effort-Reward Imbalance Questionnaire was used. Statistically significant differences were not found among physicians (p>0.05) or nurses from PED and NEO in relation to E and R (p>0.05). No statistically significant differences were found between physicians and nurses in PED in the several studied variables. Comparison between the professionals working in NEO revealed that physicians presented more over-commitment than nurses (p=0.01). The organizational setting of NEO proved to be more demanding for physicians, exacting a greater commitment to their work, while demands presented in both units seemed to be the same for nurses.

O objetivo do estudo foi comparar o equilíbrio entre esforço (E) e recompensa (R) entre médicos de unidades de terapia intensiva pediátrica (PED) e neonatal (NEO) e entre enfermeiros das mesmas unidades. Este é estudo transversal descritivo com 37 médicos e 20 enfermeiros. O questionário Effort-Reward Imbalance foi utilizado. Não se encontrou diferença estatística entre médicos da PED e da NEO em relação ao E e R (p>0,05). Da mesma forma, enfermeiros da PED e da NEO não diferiram estatisticamente em relação ao E e R (p>0,05). Comparando médicos com enfermeiros da PED, não foram encontradas diferenças entre as variáveis estudadas. Em relação à comparação feita entre profissionais da NEO, encontrou-se maior supercomprometimento dos médicos do que de enfermeiros (p=0,01). O ambiente organizacional da NEO mostrou-se mais exigente para os médicos, determinando maior comprometimento com o trabalho, enquanto que, para os enfermeiros de ambas as unidades, a demanda pareceu ser a mesma.

El objetivo del estudio fue comparar el equilibrio entre esfuerzo (E) y recompensa (R) entre médicos de unidades de terapia intensiva pediátrica (PED) y neonatal (NEO) y entre enfermeros de las mismas unidades. Este es estudio transversal descriptivo con 37 médicos y 20 enfermeros. El cuestionario Effort-Reward Imbalance fue utilizado. No se encontraron diferencias estadísticas entre médicos de la PED y de la NEO en relación al E y R (p>0,05). De la misma forma, enfermeros de la PED y de la NEO no tuvieron diferencias estadísticas en relación al E y R (p>0,05). Comparando médicos con enfermeros de la PED, no fueron encontradas diferencias entre las variables estudiadas. En relación a la comparación hecha entre profesionales de la NEO, se encontró un mayor súper compromiso de médicos de que de enfermeros (p=0,01). El ambiente organizacional de la NEO se mostró más exigente para los médicos, determinando mayor compromiso con el trabajo, en cuanto que, para los enfermeros de ambas unidades, la demanda pareció ser la misma.

Conocimiento y práctica sobre prescripción de antimicrobianos en Guatemala / Knowledge and practice in the prescription of antimicrobials in Guatemala

Dado que el conocimiento de los profesionales de la salud sobre el uso de antimicrobianos puede guiar la elaboración de programas de capacitación y que el uso correcto de esos fármacos es uno de los pilares fundamentales de la lucha contra la resistencia a los antimicrobianos, se llevó a cabo el presente estudio con el objeto de evaluar el conocimiento y las prácticas de prescripción de antimicrobianos entre los profesionales del Hospital Roosevelt de la ciudad de Guatemala. El estudio se realizó en los meses de octubre y noviembre de 2006, y consistió en una encuesta que se aplicó por medio de un cuestionario elaborado específicamente para ello. Participaron 132 trabajadores de la salud, incluidos médicos generales y especialistas, residentes y estudiantes de medicina. el cuestionario incluía datos demográficos y otras caracterísiticas generales del participante; frecuencia con que se prescriben ciertos medicamentos, prescripción y dosis de antimicrobianos para determinados cuadros clínicos; caracterísiticas de la profilaxis antibiótica según el procedimiento quirúrgico; uso de medicamentos según tipo de infección y agente causal y fuente de información que usa el profesional como respaldo al uso de antimicrobianos...

Medicina hospitalaria / Hospital Medicine

Hospital medicine was created over 10 years ago aiming to provide an integral care to hospitalized patients. Hospital specialists are physicians mainly devoted to the global care of hospitalized patients. Their professional functions include patient care, teaching, clinical research and managing activities. The main difference with other specialties is their exclusive dedication to hospital work. The impact of this specialty on patient care has been demonstrated by a significant reduction in the hospitalization days and costs and higher level of patient satisfaction. In clinical hospitals, the presence of tutors during the complete working day, has resulted in better pre and postgraduate teaching activities and a higher availability of supervisors for trainees. Four years ago, hospital medicine was established as a discipline at the Clinical Hospital of Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. In this period, these specialists became essential for student training and an integral part of the faculty staff.

Descripción y comparación de patrones de conducta, estrés laboral y burnout en personal sanitario / Patterns of conduct description and comparison, work-related stress and burnout in health personnel / Descripcão e comparação de patrões de conduta, stress laboral e burnout em pessoal sanitario

Objetivo. Esta investigación describió y comparó los patrones de conducta (PCT), el estrés laboral (EL) y el síndrome de burnout (SBO) con variables sociodemográficas, en personal asistencial con un rango de edad de 20 a 65 años de dos clínicas de tercer nivel de carácter privado. Metodología. Es un estudio cuantitativo de tipo descriptivo comparativo; se utilizó el Inventario de Actividades de Jenkins, el EAE-S y el MBI. En el análisis de los datos se manejó el paquete estadístico Epi-Info y como medida principal el OR (producto cruzado). Resultados. Encontrándose que los médicos con un 42,2%, en Sogamoso con un 57,8%, del género masculino 64,7% , los casados y en unión libre con un 54,3% presentaron mayor PCTA. (Patrón de conducta tipo A) Del mismo modo, el estrés se asoció sólo con el estado civil en donde las personas casadas y en unión libre tienen más probabilidad de presentar estrés laboral alto y medio, y finalmente el personal asistencial con un rango de edad de 20 a 35 años de edad, que laboran en Sogamoso, que están casadas o en unión libre y que están vinculadas temporalmente tienen más probabilidad de presentar SBO. No hubo relación significativa entre PCTA, EL y SBO.

Objective: this research describes and compares the patterns of conduct (PCT), work-related stress (WRS) and the burnout syndrome (BOS) with socio-demographic variables in health personnel, with ages ranging from 20 to 65, from two private clinics. Methodology: it is a quantitative study with a comparative and descriptive character; the Jenkins Activities Inventory, the el EAE-S and MBI were implemented. For the data analysis the statistical package Epi-Info was used, and as the primary measure the OR (cross product) was implemented. Results: The results showed that doctors with a 42.2%, from the Sogamoso clinic with a 57.8%, 64.7% in males, and those who are married and living with their couple with a 54.3% showed more PCT Type A. Similarly, stress was associated only with marital status, with married people and those that live with their couple are more likely to present high and average stress-related stress. The maintenance personnel between the ages of 20 to 35 years of age, working in the Sogamoso clinic, who are married or that live with their couple, and that have a temporal contract, ted are more likely to present BOS. There was no significant relation between PCT Type A, WRS and BOS

Objetivo: Esta pesquisa descreveu e compararam os patrões de conduta (PCT), o stress laboral (EL) e a síndrome de burnout (SOB) com variáveis sociodemografica, no pessoal assistencial com um rango de idade de 20 a 65 anos de dois clinicas de terço nível de caráter privado. Metodologia. É uma pesquisa quantitativa de tipo descritivo, se utilizou o Inventario de Atividades de Jenkins o EAE-S e o MBI. Em o analise dos dados se dirigiu o paquete estadístico Epi- Info e como medida principal o OR (produto cruzado). Resultados. Encontrando se que os médicos com um 42,2% em Sogamoso com um 57,8% de gênero masculino 64,7% e os casados e em união livre com um 54,3% presentearam maior PCTA. Do mesmo modo, o stress se associou somente com o estado civil em onde as pessoas casadas e em união livre têm mais possibilidade de apresentar stress laboral alto e médio, e finalmente o pessoal assistencial com um rango de idade de 20 a 35 anos de idade, que trabalham em Sogamoso, que estão casados o em união livre e que estão vinculados temporalmente têm mais possibilidades de apresentar SOB: Não houve relação significativa entre PCTA, e SOB.