Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Mostrar: 20 | 50 | 100
Resultados 1 - 20 de 130
Filtrar
2.
Rev. ADM ; 77(1): 46-50, ene.-feb. 2020. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1088104

RESUMO

El día del odontólogo tradicionalmente se festeja el 9 de febrero, en conmemoración a Santa Apolonia, quien el 9 de febrero del año 248 d.C., por no renunciar a su fe cristiana, es martirizada quitándole los dientes. Sin embargo, existe una historia de origen maya, escrita en el Popol Vuh, la de Vucub Caquix, ave mítica antropomorfa, a quien se le extraen los dientes. Este hecho acontece antes de la creación del mundo, el 13 de agosto del año 3114 a.C. Este hallazgo surge al relacionar el Popol Vuh con las imágenes representadas en la vasija maya K 1226, la estela 25 de Izapa y las inscripciones de la estela de Cobá, Quintana Roo. Por lo anterior, proponemos que este acontecimiento podría tomarse en cuenta para conmemorar en México el día del dentista el 13 de agosto, puesto que ello sería una forma de revalorar y reafirmar nuestra identidad prehispánica (AU)


The dentist's day is traditionally celebrated on February 9, in commemoration of Santa Apolonia, who on February 9 of the year 248 AD, for not giving up her Christian faith, is martyred by taking her teeth. However, there is a story of Mayan origin, written in Popol Vuh, that of Vucub Caquix, a mythical anthropomorphic bird, whose teeth are extracted. This fact occurs before the creation of the world, on August 13, 3114 BC. This finding arises when the Popol Vuh is related to the images represented in the Mayan vessel K 1226, stela 25 of Izapa and the inscriptions of the stela de Cobá, Quintana Roo. Therefore, we propose that this event could be taken into account to commemorate August 13, as the day of the dentist, as a way to revalue and reaffirm our pre-Hispanic identity (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Animais , Índios Norte-Americanos , Cultura Indígena , Cosmovisão , História da Odontologia , Aniversários e Eventos Especiais , Santos , México/etnologia , Mitologia
3.
Salud pública Méx ; 61(1): 72-77, ene.-feb. 2019. graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1043360

RESUMO

Resumen: Objetivo: Conocer opiniones sobre el Plato del Bien Comer Maya de adolescentes de Cholul, Yucatán, para mejorar la herramienta comunicativa y utilizarla en actividades de promoción de la salud. Material y métodos: Estudio cualitativo, de investigación formativa. Se realizaron tres grupos focales, participaron 28 adolescentes de secundaria: 12-16 años. Criterios de inclusión: pertenecer a alguno de los tres grados de la escuela y tener familias originarias del poblado. El análisis de los datos se realizó manualmente. Resultados: En comparación con el Plato del Bien Comer nacional, el Plato Maya fue mejor identificado por tener elementos locales a los que pueden acceder fácilmente y con costos menores. Se identificó la palabra fruto como una variación lingüística que representa en ese contexto tanto a las frutas como a las verduras. Conclusiones: Para tener mejores resultados en intervenciones nutricionales es necesario diseñar estrategias educativo-comunicativas acordes con la cultura local.


Abstract : Objective: To know opinions of adolescents from Cholul, Yucatán, about Plato del Bien Comer Maya in order to improve it as health promotion tool. Materials and methods: Qualitative study, formative research. Three focus groups were carried out, participating 28 adolescents: 12-16 years old. Criteria of inclusion: studying middle school; to have native family from the town. Analysis of the data made manually. Results: Comparatively with the national Plato del Bien Comer, the Plato Maya was better identified because have local food products easier to obtain and cheaper. The principal finding was to understand Fruto is a linguistic variation word which represents in Maya context both fruits and vegetables. This might be an important key to improve health promotion activities with that population. Conclusions: In order to have better results in nutritional interventions, it is necessary to design educational-communicative strategies in accordance with the local culture.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Adolescente , Atitude , Psicologia do Adolescente , Política Nutricional , População Rural , Apresentação de Dados , Etnicidade/psicologia , Índios Norte-Americanos , Comportamento de Escolha , Grupos Focais , Cultura , Comportamento Alimentar , Alimentos/classificação , Abastecimento de Alimentos , Promoção da Saúde/métodos
4.
Salud colect ; 15: e1856, 2019. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1014560

RESUMO

RESUMEN Se recuperó el proceso de construcción del esquema conceptual, referencial y operativo (ECRO) de los wixáritari sobre la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 en una comunidad de Jalisco, México, desde la aparición del primer síntoma hasta una posible explicación de la enfermedad. Se realizó un estudio cualitativo con el método fenomenológico a partir de entrevistas en profundidad para la recolección de información. Se contó con siete participantes. Los datos se procesaron con el método de análisis del discurso de Bajtín, a partir de la teoría del vínculo de Pichon-Rivière. Se encontró que el wixárika con diabetes construye su esquema conceptual, referencial y operativo durante un periodo de tres a cinco años, a partir de tres vínculos: los síntomas en el cuerpo, la explicación del wixárika a sus síntomas, y las explicaciones del espacio social a su enfermedad. El wixárika construye una serie de vínculos y un esquema conceptual, referencial y operativo que le permite validar una explicación de lo que experimenta en el cuerpo, en medio de un proceso confrontativo y doloroso, lleno de afirmaciones y negaciones hasta llegar a una síntesis, que le permita comprender su situación e instrumentar una conducta para el cuidado de su salud.


ABSTRACT This article explores the process of construction of the conceptual, referential and operative schema among the wixáritari population regarding type 2 diabetes mellitus in a community of Jalisco, Mexico, from the appearance of the first symptom to a possible explanation of the disease. This is a qualitative study performed with the phenomenological method using in-depth interviews to collect information. There were seven participants. The data was processed with Bakhtin's discourse analysis, based on Pichon Rivière's theory of the link. It was found that the wixáritari population with diabetes develop their conceptual, referential and operative schema over a period of three to five years, based on three links: the symptoms in the body, the explanation the wixáritari give regarding their symptoms, and the explanations of the social space of the disease. The wixáritari develop a series of links and conceptual, referential and operative schema that allow them to validate an explanation of what they experience in their body, in a confrontational and painful process full of affirmations and denial until reaching a synthesis that allows them to achieve a full understanding of their situation and implement behaviors to care for their health.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Índios Norte-Americanos/psicologia , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/etnologia , Autoimagem , Meio Social , Percepção Social , Atitude Frente a Saúde , Entrevistas como Assunto , Características Culturais , Compreensão , Pesquisa Qualitativa , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/psicologia , México
5.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 52: e20180516, 2019. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: biblio-1003131

RESUMO

Abstract INTRODUCTION: Biomarkers are critical tools for finding new approaches for controlling the spread of tuberculosis (TB), including for predicting the development of TB therapeutics, vaccines, and diagnostic tools. METHODS: Expression of immune biomarkers was analyzed in peripheral blood cells stimulated and non-stimulated with M. tuberculosis antigens ESAT-6, CFP10 and TB7.7. in Warao indigenous individuals. These biomarkers may be able to differentiate TB states, such as active tuberculosis (ATB) cases and latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) from non-infected controls (NIC). A real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) assay was performed on 100 blood samples under non-stimulation or direct ex vivo conditions (NS=50) and stimulation conditions (S=50). RESULTS: The findings are shown as the median and interquartile range (IQR) of relative gene expression levels of IFN-γ, CD14, MMP9, CCR5, CCL11, CXCL9/MIG, and uPAR/PLAUR immune biomarkers. MMP9 levels were significantly higher in the LTBI-NS and LTBI-S groups compared with the NIC-NS and NIC-S groups. However, CCR5 levels were significantly lower in the LTBI-S group compared with both NIC-NS and NIC-S groups. CCL11 levels were significantly lower in the LTBI-S group compared with the NIC-NS group. CONCLUSIONS: Preliminary findings showed that MMP9 immune biomarkers separated LTBI indigenous individuals from NIC indigenous individuals, while CCR5, CCL11, CD14, and IFN-γ did not differentiate TB states from NIC. MMP9 may be useful as a potential biomarker for LTBI and new infected case detection among Warao indigenous individuals at high risk of developing the disease. It may also be used to halt the epidemic, which will require further validation in larger studies.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Biomarcadores/sangue , Índios Norte-Americanos/estatística & dados numéricos , Tuberculose Latente/diagnóstico , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/imunologia , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Estudos Transversais , Tuberculose Latente/sangue , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo Real , México
6.
Int. j. morphol ; 36(4): 1216-1221, Dec. 2018. tab
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: biblio-975685

RESUMO

A successful endodontic treatment requires knowledge of the internal configuration of dental root canals. Most of the people who live in Yucatan are of Maya origin, characterized by a Mongoloid dental pattern. Because of their ethnicity, variations are expected. The purpose of this investigation is to assess the morphological characteristics and variability of this population. One hundred and five extracted first mandibular premolars of Mexican Maya population were analyzed; the sample was obtained from the Oral Surgery Clinic in the School of Dentistry at the Autonomous University of Yucatan with written informed consent. Analyses were performed by means of Cone Beam Computed Tomography. Vertucci´s Type I was the most prevalent configuration with 51.4 %, but 41 cases (39.1 %) presented a radicular groove and a C-shaped canal configuration. Overall, we documented 1, 2, 3, and 4 root canals. Mandibular first premolars are very variable in the Yucatecan population. The variability and frequency of C-shape is similar to mandibular second molars confirming the importance of the ethnic background for the endodontic treatments.


El éxito en el tratamiento endodóntico requiere el conocimiento profundo de la configuración interna del sistema de conductos radiculares. La mayoría de las personas que viven en Yucatán son de origen Maya y poseen el patron dental Mongoloide; por lo tanto, se esperan variaciones debido a su etnicidad. El propósito de esta investigación fue evaluar las características morfológicas y la variabilidad del conducto radicular en la población yucateca. Se analizaron ciento cinco primeros premolars mandibulares extraídos de pacientes provenientes de una muestra Maya mexicana; la muestra fue obtenida de la Clínica de Cirugía Oral de la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán. Con consentimiendo informado escrito. Se utilizaron Tomografías Computarizadas para el análisis de la muestra. La configuración más prevalente fue la Tipo I de Vertucci con 51,4 %. Sin embargo, 41 de 105 casos (39,1 %) presentaron un surco radicular y la configuración en forma de "C". Se documentaron casos con 1, 2, 3 y 4 conductos radiculares. Los primeros premolares mandibulares de la población Yucateca son muy variables. La variabilidad y frecuencia de conductos en forma de "C" concuerda con estudios realizados en segundos molars mandibulares en esta zona confirmando la importancia del origen étnico de las poblaciones para los tratamientos endodónticos.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Dente Pré-Molar/diagnóstico por imagem , Cavidade Pulpar/diagnóstico por imagem , Mandíbula/diagnóstico por imagem , Dente Pré-Molar/anatomia & histologia , Índios Norte-Americanos , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Cavidade Pulpar/anatomia & histologia , Mandíbula/anatomia & histologia , México
7.
Int. j. morphol ; 36(4): 1229-1234, Dec. 2018. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-975688

RESUMO

El conocimiento preciso de la morfología radicular dental son claves para el éxito en las terapias endodónticas. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar las distintas variaciones de la morfología radicular y apical en primeros molares superiores e inferiores de una población maya moderna. Se observaron microfotografías provenientes de 80 primeros molares superiores e inferiores, presentadas en cortes transversales a 1 y 2,5 mm del vértice apical, así como de las porciones 1/3, 1⁄2, 2/3 del largo radicular y en la unión amelocementaria. Se determinó el número de raíces, conductos y configuración de Vertucci, así como forma y medidas de diámetro mayor y menor a 1 mm del vértice apical. El 90 % de primeros molares superiores reportó la presencia de 3 raíces y el 10 % mostró 2. En tanto que el total de primeros molares inferiores (100 %) reportó 2 raíces. En general, en las raíces mesiales prevaleció el Tipo II de Vertucci mientras que en las distales y palatinas la Tipo I. En el corte a 1 mm del vértice apical la forma redonda fue la de mayor prevalencia en los conductos de primeros molares superiores (44,5 %), seguida de la irregular (34,1 %) y la oval (21,4 %); mientras que en los primeros molares inferiores la más prevalente fue la irregular (54, 5 %), seguida de la redonda (23,9 %) y oval (21,6 %). Los diámetros mayor y menor de los conductos mesiales a 1 mm apical midieron 0,46 y 0,23 mm y 0,64 y 0,25 mm en molares superiores e inferiores respectivamente. La frecuencia de MB2 en primeros molares superiores fue del 77,8 %. Los conductos con mayor variabilidad fueron los mesiales. Se observó baja frecuencia de conductos ovales. Los diámetros mayores de los conductos mesiales en general, fueron superiores a 0,45 mm.


Accurate knowledge of dental root morphology is a key to success in endodontic therapies. The aim of this study was to evaluate the different variations of the root and apical morphology in upper and lower first molars of a modern Mayan population. Photomicrographs were taken from 80 upper and lower first molars, presented in cross sections at 1 and 2.5 mm from the apical vertex, as well as from the 1/3, 1⁄2, 2/3 portions of the root length and at the cementoenamel junction. The number of roots, canal and Vertucci`s configuration was determined, as well as the shape and measurements of the major and minor diameters at 1 mm from the apex. In this study 90 % of upper first molars reported the presence of 3 roots and 10 % showed 2, while the total lower first molars (100 %) reported 2 roots. In general, Vertucci`s Type II prevailed in the mesial roots while Type I was prevalent in the distal and palatal ones. In the 1 mm cut of the apical vertex, the round shape was the most prevalent in the canal of the first upper molars (44.5 %), followed by irregular (34.1 %) and oval (21.4 %); while in the first lower molars the most prevalent one was irregular (54.5 %), followed by round (23.9 %) and oval (21.6 %). The major and minor diameters of the mesial canals at 1 mm apical recorded 0.46 and 0.23 mm and 0.64 and 0.25 mm in upper and lower molars respectively. The frequency of MB2 in upper first molars was 77.8 %. The canals with greater variability were the mesial ones. Low frequency of oval canals was observed. The largest diameters of the mesial canal in general were greater than 0.45 mm.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Raiz Dentária/anatomia & histologia , Índios Norte-Americanos , Dente Molar/anatomia & histologia , Ápice Dentário/anatomia & histologia
8.
Cad. Saúde Pública (Online) ; 34(10): e00179717, oct. 2018. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-952358

RESUMO

Resumen: La resiliencia engloba una serie de capacidades y habilidades, las cuales son adquiridas como resultado de la interacción del individuo con su contexto, logrando superar sus propios límites de resistencia, a través de la generación de mecanismos, procesos de defensa y protección más eficientes que antes, ante la exposición a eventos adversos. La medición de la resiliencia se hace a través de la medición de la adversidad, adaptación exitosa y el proceso, lo que ha generado en la actualidad una variedad de herramientas. En la literatura no existe un instrumento que contemple la resiliencia desde una perspectiva cultural indígena y en mujeres, por lo tanto, el objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la validez y confiabilidad de las puntuaciones obtenidas con esta escala, al ser aplicada en mujeres indígenas. La muestra la integraron 180 participantes, pertenecientes a diversas localidades indígenas de México, a las cuales se les aplicó la Escala de Resiliencia Mexicana (RESI-M) de Palomar Lever & Gómez Valdez 2010. Se evaluó la consistencia interna mediante el coeficiente de fiabilidad alfa de Cronbach y se determinó la estructura interna de cada una de las dimensiones por medio de un análisis factorial de componentes principales con rotación Varimax. La edad media de las participantes fue de 33±9,4 años de edad. Tras los análisis de confiabilidad y validez estadística, se obtuvo una versión final del instrumento de 34 preguntas, de las 43 originales; con una confiabilidad aceptable de 0,942 (alfa de Cronbach) y con 6 factores que explican el 56,34% de la varianza total. La versión es válida y confiable, con una estructura que permite evaluar la resiliencia como un proceso en mujeres indígenas.


Abstract: Resilience encompasses a series of capacities and skills that individuals acquire through interaction with their context, thus succeeding in overcoming their own limits of resistance by generating more efficient defensive and protective mechanisms and processes than before when exposed to adverse events. Resilience is assessed by measuring the adverse situation, successful adaptation, and the process, which has led to the development of a variety of instruments. There is no instrument in the literature that contemplates resilience from the cultural perspective of indigenous women, so the aim of this study was to assess the validity and reliability of scores obtained with the scale in this population group. The sample included 180 participants from various indigenous communities in Mexico, who were submitted to the Mexican Resilience Scale (RESI-M) developed by Palomar Lever & Gómez Valdez 2010. Internal consistency was assessed with the Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficient, and the internal structure of each dimension was determined by principal components factor analysis with Varimax rotation. Mean age of participants was 33±9.4 years. Following analysis of the reliability and statistical validity, a final version of the instrument was obtained with 34 questions (from the original 43), with an acceptable reliability of 0.942 (Cronbach's alpha) and with 6 factors that explain 56.34% of total variance. The version is valid and reliable, with a structure that allows assessing resilience as a process in indigenous women.


Resumo: A resiliência inclui uma série de capacidades e habilidades, as quais são adquiridas como resultado da interação do individuo com seu contexto, conseguindo superar seus próprios limites de resistência, através da geração de mecanismos, processo de defesa e proteção mais eficientes do que antes, diante da exposição a eventos adversos. A medição da resiliência é feita por meio da medição da adversidade, adaptação exitosa e o processo, o que tem gerado na atualidade várias ferramentas. Na literatura não existe um instrumento que considere a resiliência desde uma perspectiva cultural indígena ao respeito das mulheres, portanto, este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a validade e confiabilidade das pontuações obtidas com esta escala, a serem aplicadas em mulheres indígenas. A mostra foi integrada por 180 participantes, pertencentes a diversas municipalidades indígenas do México, onde foi aplicada a Escala de Resiliência Mexicana (RESI-M) de Palomar Lever & Gómez Valdez 2010. Foi avaliada a consistência interna por meio do coeficiente de confiabilidade alfa de Cronbach e foi determinada a estrutura interna de cada uma das dimensões por meio de uma análise fatorial de componentes principais com rotação Varimax. A idade media das participantes foi de 33±9,4 anos de idade. Depois das análises de confiabilidade e validade estatística, foi obtida uma versão final do instrumento com 34 perguntas, das 43 originais; com uma confiabilidade aceitável de 0,942 (alfa de Cronbach) e com 6 fatores que explicam o 56,34% da variância total. A versão é válida e confiável, com uma estrutura que permite avaliar a resiliência como um processo em mulheres indígenas.


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Adulto , Índios Norte-Americanos/psicologia , Inquéritos e Questionários , Resiliência Psicológica , Psicometria , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Grupos Populacionais , México
11.
Biomédica (Bogotá) ; 38(supl.1): 127-140, mayo 2018. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-950961

RESUMO

Resumen Introducción. La versión breve de la Escala de Depresión del Centro de Estudios Epidemiológicos (CES- D) es un recurso factible para la tamización de los síntomas de depresión en la población general, pero no se ha reportado la prevalencia en la población indígena, ni su invarianza factorial en Latinoamérica. Objetivo. Describir la prevalencia de los síntomas dedepresión y la invarianza factorial de la versión breve de la escala CES-D en población indígena mexicana. Materiales y métodos. Se hizo un estudio transversal en una muestra representativa de 37.165 adultos mexicanos de 20 a 59 años de edad. La identidad indígena se determinó mediante el propio reporte de la persona como hablante de una lengua indígena. Se conformaron ocho grupos de análisis según el sexo, el alfabetismo y el ser indígena. Se describió la prevalencia de los síntomas depresivos en cada grupo, así como la invarianza factorial de la configuración de los perfiles mediante un análisis factorial exploratorio. Las matrices de varianza y covarianza se compararon entre pares de perfiles usando el test modificado de Mantel. Resultados. La prevalencia de síntomas depresivos en mujeres indígenas que sabían leer fue de 16,8 % (IC95%: 13,4-20,3); en mujeres indígenas que no sabían leer, de 21,3 % (IC95%: 15,5-27,1); en hombres indígenas que sabían leer de 8,5 % (IC95%: 6,0-11,1), y en hombres indígenas que no sabían leer de 10,4 % (IC95%: 5,2-15,6). No se encontraron diferencias significativas en las cargas factoriales entre los perfiles. Conclusión. Se reportó una menor prevalencia de síntomas depresivos en indígenas que en la población no indígena. La escala CES-D en su versión breve mostró invarianza factorial al emplearla en la población indígena.


Abstract Introduction: The short version of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies (CES-D) Depression Scale is a viable tool for screening depressive symptomatology in the general population, but its factorial invariance for indigenous populations in Latin America has not been reported. Objective: To describe the differences in the prevalence of depressive symptomatology and the factorial invariance of the short version of the CES-D scale for the Mexican indigenous population. Materials and methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study with a representative sample of 37,165 Mexican adults aged 20 to 59 years. Indigenous identity was determined by self-report of being a speaker of an indigenous language. Eight groups of analysis were created according to gender, literacy, and being indigenous. An exploratory factor analysis was used to describe the prevalence of depressive symptoms as measured by the short version of the CES-D, as well as the configuration factorial invariance of the profiles. The variance-covariance matrices of the pairs of profiles were compared using the modified Mantel test. Results: The prevalence of depressive symptoms was 16.8% (95% CI: 13.4-20.3) for indigenous women who could read, 21.3% (95% CI: 15.5% 27.1) for indigenous women who could not read, 8.5% (95% CI: 6.0-11.1) for indigenous men who could read, and 10.4% (95% CI: 5.2-15.6) for indigenous men who could not read. No significant differences in the factorial loads of the profiles were found. Conclusion: The prevalence of depressive symptoms in indigenous people is lower than in the non-indigenous population. The factorial invariance of the CES-D scale was high for the indigenous population.


Assuntos
Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Índios Norte-Americanos , Depressão/epidemiologia , Prevalência , Estudos Transversais , Análise de Variância , México/epidemiologia
12.
Arch. cardiol. Méx ; 88(5): 381-385, dic. 2018. graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1142146

RESUMO

Resumen Objetivo: Determinar las cifras de presión arterial en población indígena tzotzil del estado de Chiapas, México. Metodología: Estudio transversal descriptivo en población tzotzil de Chenalho del Estado de Chiapas, México, de agosto a diciembre del 2015 en el grupo de 20 a 60 años de edad. Fueron excluidos los pacientes con diagnóstico de diabetes mellitus e hipertensión, y las embarazadas. El tamaño de muestra fue de 205 utilizando como marco muestral el listado de pacientes que acudieron a la cita de control sano en el centro de salud. Se midió la presión arterial sistólica y diastólica por una sola persona; la medición se realizó en el brazo derecho con el paciente en posición sedente, 5 min después de haber ingresado al consultorio, sin haber realizado actividad física previa; se utilizó esfigmógrafo de columna de mercurio marca Adex. El análisis estadístico incluyó promedios, porcentajes e intervalos de confianza para promedios y para porcentajes. Resultados: La presión arterial diastólica promedio es 68.73 mmHg (IC del 95%, 67.63-69.69), la sistólica 103.65 mmHg (IC del 95%, 102.24-105.06) y la presión arterial media 80.37 mmHg (IC del 95%, 79.35-81.39). Conclusión: Las cifras de presión arterial en población indígena tzotzil de Chiapas, México, son inferiores a las reportadas en la literatura científica.


Abstract Objective: To determine the blood pressure in a native Tzotzil population from the state of Chiapas, Mexico. Methodology: Cross-sectional study on a Chenalho Tzotzil population from Chiapas, Mexico, from August to December 2015, aged between 20 to 60 years-old. Patients with diabetes mellitus and hypertension were excluded, as well as pregnant patients. The sample size was 205, using as sample basis, the list of patients that went to the healthy patient wellness clinic. The systolic and diastolic pressures were measured by the same person. The measurement was performed on the right arm with the patient seated, five minutes after coming into the clinic, without performing any physical activity beforehand. It was measured with an AdexTM mercury column sphygmomanometer. The statistical analysis includes mean and percentages, as well as their confidence intervals. Results: The mean diastolic blood pressure found was 68.73 mmHg (95% CI,-67.63-69.69), with a diastolic of 103.65 mmHg (95% CI; 102.24-105.06) and a mean arterial pressure 80.37 mmHg (95% CI, 79.35-81.39). Conclusion: The arterial blood pressure in a Tzotzil native population of Chiapas, Mexico is lower than that reported in the scientific literature.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto Jovem , Pressão Sanguínea/fisiologia , Determinação da Pressão Arterial/métodos , Índios Norte-Americanos , Estudos Transversais , Esfigmomanômetros , México
13.
Salud pública Méx ; 59(5): 532-539, Sep.-Oct. 2017. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: biblio-903800

RESUMO

Abstract: Objective: To determine the number of micronuclei and nuclear anomalies in Mexico's indigenous population. Materials and methods: One hundred twenty indigenous individuals were evaluated, including thirty from the ethnicities Cora, Huichol, Tarahumara and Tepehuano. The number of micronuclei (MN) and any nuclear abnormality (NA) in oral mucosa cells, including cells with nuclear buds, binucleated cells, cells with karyolysis, karyorrhetic, condensed chromatin and pyknotic cells were determined for each participant. Results: Tepehuano and Tarahumaras showed the greatest damage to DNA. The Tepehuano group presented the highest number of MN and NA, this being a significant difference (p < 0.05) compared with the rest of the studied groups. This group also presented the highest herbicide exposure (46.7%). In relation to the smoking and drinking habits, these were more frequent in the Tarahumara group (33.3 and 50% respectively). Conclusion: The ethnic diversity, habits and customs may influence the DNA nuclear integrity in the Amerindian groups.


Resumen: Objetivo: Determinar el número de micronúcleos y anomalías nucleares en la población indígena de México. Material y métodos: Se evaluó a ciento veinte indígenas, incluyendo treinta individuos de las etnias cora, huichol, tarahumara y tepehuana. A cada participante se le determinó el número de micronúcleos (MN) y de alguna anomalía nuclear (AN) en células de mucosa bucal, incluyendo células con brotes nucleares, binucleadas, cariolisis, cariorrexis, cromatina condensada y picnóticas. Resultados: Los tepehuanos y tarahumaras mostraron el mayor daño al ADN. El grupo tepehuano presentó el mayor número de MN y AN, con una diferencia significativa (p < 0.05) en comparación con el resto de los grupos estudiados; este grupo presentó también la mayor exposición a herbicidas (46.7%). En relación con los hábitos de fumar y beber, se presentaron con mayor frecuencia en el grupo tarahumara (33.3 y 50%, respectivamente). Conclusión. La diversidad étnica, hábitos y costumbres pueden influir la integridad del ADN en los grupos amerindios.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto Jovem , Índios Norte-Americanos/genética , Núcleo Celular/ultraestrutura , Micronúcleos com Defeito Cromossômico , Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas/epidemiologia , DNA/genética , Etnicidade/genética , Fumar/epidemiologia , Dieta , Comportamento Alimentar , Herbicidas , México , Mucosa Bucal/ultraestrutura
14.
Colomb. med ; 48(3): 105-112, July-Sept. 2017. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: biblio-890864

RESUMO

Abstract Background: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a systemic autoimmune disease that mainly affects women, characterized by the production of autoantibodies. Its causal agent is unknown, but the combination of environmental, hormonal and genetic factors may favor the development of the disease. Parvovirus B19 has been associated with the development of SLE, since it induces the production of anti-single stranded DNA antibodies. It is unknown whether PV-B19 infection is an environmental factor that trigger or reactivate SLE in the Mexican Mayan population. Aim: A preliminary serological and molecular study of PV-B19 infection in Mayan women with established SLE was done. Methods: IgG and IgM anti PV-B19 were evaluated in 66 SLE patients and 66 control subjects, all women of Mayan origin. Viral DNA and viral load were analyzed by qPCR. Results: Insignificant levels of IgM were observed in 14.3% (4/28) of the patients and 11.4% (4/35) of control subjects. IgG was detected in 82.1% (23/28) of the patients and 82.9% (29/35) of control subjects, but were significantly higher in patients. Viral DNA was found in 86.0% (57/66) of the patients and 81.0% (54/66) of control subjects. Viral load, quantified in 28/66 patients and 31/66 controls which were positive for IgM and IgG, was significantly higher in controls. Conclusion: The high prevalence of PV-B19 in Yucatan, and the presence of IgM, IgG, and viral load in Mayan women with established SLE suggest that PV-B19 infection could be an environmental factor to trigger or reactivate SLE.


Resumen Antecedentes: Lupus eritematoso sistémico (LES) es una enfermedad sistemica autoinmune que afecta principalmente a las mujeres, caracterizada por la producción de autoanticuerpos. El agente causaal es desconocido. Pero la combinación de factores ambientales, hormonales y genéticos podría favorecer el desarrollo de la enfermedad. El parvovirus B19 se asoció con el desarrollo de LES, debido a que induce la producción de anticuerpos anti-cadena simple de DNA. Es desconocido si la infección PV-B19 es un factor ambiental que desencadena o reactiva LES en la población mexicana Maya. Objetivo: Se realizó un estudio serológico y molecular preliminar de la infección de PV-B19 en mujeres Mayas con LES. Métodos: Se evaluó IgG and IgM anti PV-B19 en 66 pacientes con LES y 66 controles sanos, todas las mujeres fueron de origen Maya. DNAViral y la carga viral fueron analizadas por qPCR. Resultados: Se determinaron niveles insignificantes de IgM en el 14.3% (4/28) de las pacientes y en el 11.4% (4/35) de los controles. IgG se detectó en el 82.1% (23/28) de los pacients y en el 82.9% (29/35) de los controles. Hubo un alta significancia en los pacientes con LES. DNA viral se encontró en el 86.0% (57/66) de los pacientes y en el 81.0% (54/66) de los controles. La carga viral se cuantifico en 28/66 pacientes y en 31/66 de los controles, la cual fueron positivos para IgM e IgG; fue significativamente mas alta en los controles. Conclusión: La alta prevalencia de PV-B19 en Yucatan y la presencia de IgM, IgG y una carga viral en mujeres Mayas con LES sugiere que la infección con PV-B19 poria ser un factor ambiental que desencadene o reactive el LES


Assuntos
Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Índios Norte-Americanos , Parvovirus B19 Humano , Infecções por Parvoviridae/complicações , Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico/virologia , DNA Viral/sangue , Imunoglobulina G/sangue , Imunoglobulina M/sangue , Índios Norte-Americanos/etnologia , Índios Norte-Americanos/genética , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Parvovirus B19 Humano/genética , Parvovirus B19 Humano/imunologia , Infecções por Parvoviridae/diagnóstico , Carga Viral , Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico/etnologia , México/etnologia , Anticorpos Antivirais/sangue
16.
Rev. ADM ; 74(2): 107-112, mar.-abr. 2017. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-869362

RESUMO

Se presentan dos esculturas prehispánicas de la cultura azteca, la primera en forma de cráneo a la cual se le tallaron y colocaron ojos de diferentes tipos de piedra, también una dentadura completa y bien alineada hecha de jade. En la zona del occipital se distingue el grabado de un rey desconocido, el cual porta un arete, un penacho y un cetro. La segunda escultura es una charola de piedra tallada con incrustaciones de piedras preciosas de jade y rubí que muestra la imagen del mismo rey sostenida por tres personajes parcialmente desdentados padeciendo de dolor dental. Estos eventos demuestran la importancia de la salud bucal en la población prehispánica, particularmente en la cultura azteca, al igual que la relevancia de los aspectos mágicos y religiosos en torno a la muerte.


It is described a couple prehispanic carved solid stone sculptures of theAztec culture, the fi rst one with a human skull shape, with carved andmounted stone eyes, as well as a complete and fi ne lined jade denture.It is also remarked on its occipital area a fi gure of carved unknownking, wearing a mobile stone earring, a feather cap, and a cane. Thesecond stone sculpture is a carved stone plate with jade and ruby carvedmounted stones. This sculpture also shows the same mentioned kingimage, which is supported by three no complete dental (toothless) maleservants, that resemble the three men suff ering dental discomfort. Thesecouple sculpture pieces show the magical and religious aspects of themighty importance of the death to the Aztecs.


Assuntos
Humanos , Escultura/história , História da Odontologia , Índios Norte-Americanos/história , Crânio , Dente Artificial , Arte/história , México
17.
Ann. hepatol ; 16(2): 221-229, Mar.-Apr. 2017. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: biblio-887226

RESUMO

ABSTRACT Background. The prevalence of two functional polymorphisms (rs1127354 and rs7270101) of the inosine triphosphatase (ITPA) gene associated with ribavirin-induced hemolytic anemia (RIHA) during antiviral therapy for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection varies by ethnicity. In Mexico, the distribution of these polymorphisms among Native Amerindians (NA) and admixed population (Mestizos) is unknown. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of the ITPA polymorphisms among healthy NA and Mestizos, as well as in HCV patients from West Mexico. Material and methods. In a cross-sectional study, 600 unrelated subjects (322 Mestizos, 100 NA, and 178 treatment-naïve, HCV-infected Mestizos patients) were enrolled. A medical history was registered. ITPA genotype was determined by Real-Time PCR. Fst-values and genetic relatedness between study and reference populations were assessed. Results. The frequency of the risk genotypes rs1127354CC and rs7270101AA was higher among NA (98-100%) than in Mestizos (87-92.9%), (p < 0.05). The NA presented the highest prevalence of the rs1127354CC genotype reported worldwide. The Fst-values revealed a genetic relatedness among Mexican NA, South Americans and African populations (p > 0.05). The frequency of the predicted risk for RIHA was higher among NA (98%) than in Mestizos (80.5%) and HCV-infected patients (81.5%) (p < 0 .01). The CC/AA alleles were associated with lower values of total bilirubin, aspartate/alanine aminotransferases, and aspartate-to-platelet-ratio-index score among HCV-patients. Conclusion. A high prevalence of the ITPA polymorphisms associated with RIHA was found in Mexican NA. These polymorphisms could be a useful tool for evaluating potential adverse effects and the risk or benefit of antiviral therapy in Mexicans and other admixed populations.


Assuntos
Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Antivirais/efeitos adversos , Pirofosfatases/genética , Ribavirina/efeitos adversos , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Variantes Farmacogenômicos , Anemia Hemolítica/genética , Anemia Hemolítica/induzido quimicamente , Fenótipo , Índios Norte-Americanos/genética , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Prevalência , Fatores de Risco , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Estudos de Associação Genética , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo Real , Frequência do Gene , Anemia Hemolítica/diagnóstico , Anemia Hemolítica/etnologia , México/epidemiologia
19.
Clinics ; 70(3): 214-219, 03/2015. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: lil-747106

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To compare compensatory sweating after lowering or restricting the level of sympathectomy. METHOD: A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted of all randomized controlled trials published in English that compared compensatory sweating after lowering or restricting the level of sympathectomy. The Cochrane collaboration tool was used to assess the risk of bias, and the Mantel-Haenszel odds ratio method was used for the meta-analysis. RESULTS: A total of 11 randomized controlled trials were included, including a total of 1079 patients. Five of the randomized controlled trials studied restricting the level of sympathectomy, and the remaining six studied lowering the level of sympathectomy. CONCLUSIONS: The compiled randomized controlled trial results published so far in the literature do not support the claims that lowering or restricting the level of sympathetic ablation results in less compensatory sweating. .


Assuntos
Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto Jovem , Acesso aos Serviços de Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Índios Norte-Americanos/estatística & dados numéricos , Medicaid/estatística & dados numéricos , United States Indian Health Service/estatística & dados numéricos , Alaska , Necessidades e Demandas de Serviços de Saúde , Estados Unidos
SELEÇÃO DE REFERÊNCIAS
DETALHE DA PESQUISA
...