Technology and Care Load in Future Hospitals / La tecnología y la carga de cuidado en los hospitales del futuro / A tecnologia e a carga de cuidado nos hospitais do futuro

Recent technological progress is generating important disruptions, and healthcare is no stranger to them. Nursing is subject to technology change disruptions. It is important to reflect on the advantages and disadvantages technology brings with it and the changes it generates in care processes. If technology is only used to register information, it is perceived as a load that creates anxiety in the professionals. In this article, deep questions are made about the technology acceptance challenges in the nursing care processes, its implications on nursing responsibility, and the research opportunities for adopting new care humanized models result of technological development.

Recientes avances tecnológicos están generando disrupciones importantes y el cuidado de la salud no es ajena a estos cambios. La enfermería también está sujeta a disrupciones fruto del cambio tecnológico. Es importante reflexionar sobre las ventajas y desventajas que trae consigo la tecnología y los cambios que se generan en los procesos de cuidado. Si la tecnología se usa exclusivamente para el registro de información, esta se percibe como una carga que genera ansiedad en los profesionales. En este artículo se hacen cuestionamientos profundos sobre los retos de la aceptación de la tecnología en los procesos de cuidado en enfermería, las implicaciones que tiene la tecnología en la carga de cuidado en enfermería, y las oportunidades de investigación que surgen para adoptar nuevos modelos de cuidado humanizado fruto del desarrollo tecnológico.

Recentes avanços tecnológicos estão gerando disrupções importantes e o cuidado da saúde não é alheio a essas mudanças. A enfermagem também está sujeita a disrupções fruto da mudança tecnológica. É importante refletir nesse sentido sobre as vantagens e as desvantagens que trazem consigo a tecnologia e as mudanças que são geradas nos processos de cuidado. Se a tecnologia somente se usa de maneira exclusiva para registrar informações, percebe-se como uma carga que gera ansiedade nos profissionais. Neste artigo, são feitos questionamentos profundos sobre os desafios da aceitação da tecnologia nos processos de cuidado em enfermagem, as repercussões que têm na carga de cuidado em enfermagem e as oportunidades de pesquisa que surgem para adotar novos modelos de cuidado humanizado como fruto do desenvolvimento tecnológico.

Tecnologias educacionais sobre saúde mental na área da saúde: protocolo de scoping review / Education technologies for mental health in healthcare: scoping review protocol

OBJETIVO: Identificar e mapear as tecnologias educacionais sobre saúde mental utilizadas no ensino da saúde. MÉTODO: Será conduzida uma scoping review, seguindo o referencial do Joanna Briggs Institute, com o objetivo de responder à questão: "Quais são as tecnologias educacionais sobre saúde mental que têm sido utilizadas na área da saúde?". Para a identificação dos estudos, serão utilizadas bases de dados eletrônicas multidisciplinares em ciências da saúde, bem como repositórios de dissertações e teses. A identificação e o mapeamento da evidência disponível por meio deste estudo revelarão aspectos relevantes acerca das tecnologias educacionais existentes, seus impactos e desafios neste campo, o que é considerado relevante para subsidiar a melhoria da qualidade do ensino, seja na educação permanente, educação em saúde ou formação acadêmica. Espera-se que a scoping review contribua para a análise crítica das tecnologias educacionais sobre saúde mental na área da saúde, dada a potencialidade de impacto no desenvolvimento das competências educacionais.

OBJECTIVE: To identify and map educational technologies related to mental health in healthcare. METHOD: A scoping review will follow the Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines to answer the question: "What educational technologies related to mental health have been used in healthcare?". Multidisciplinary electronic databases in the health sciences and dissertation or thesis repositories will be used. The review aims to identify and map available evidence regarding educational technologies, their impact, and challenges in the field. This information is essential to improve teaching quality in continuing education, health education, or academic training. The scoping review is anticipated to contribute to a critical analysis of educational technologies focused on mental health in the health sector, given their potential impact on the development of educational competencies.

La aplicación de la neutrosofía en las ciencias médicas: una revisión bibliográfica narrativa / The Application of Neutrosophy in Medical Sciences: A Narrative Literature Review

El presente estudio tiene como objetivo principal examinar la aplicación de la neutrosofía en el campo de las ciencias médicas, a través de una revisión bibliográfica narrativa. Se ha determinado que la neutrosofía se relaciona con áreas como la imagenología, el análisis clínico y la toma de decisiones en el diagnóstico y la gestión de la salud. La implementación de la neutrosofía en la toma de decisiones puede disminuir la probabilidad de cometer errores, tanto en aspectos administrativos como en el diagnóstico y tratamiento de enfermedades. La presencia de herramientas neutrosóficas en la tecnología médica resulta fundamental para superar dificultades y mejorar la eficiencia en la atención médica. La integración de sistemas de diagnóstico asistido por ordenador, información clínica y administrativa puede potenciar los flujos de trabajo, optimizando así la prestación de servicios médicos. La neutrosofía, al reducir la incertidumbre en la práctica médica, ofrece la posibilidad de revolucionar la forma en que se brinda atención médica. Su aplicación conlleva el potencial de transformar los procesos y mejorar la calidad de la atención, lo que implica un avance significativo en el campo de la medicina(AU)

The main objective of this study is to examine the application of neutrosophy in the field of medical sciences through a narrative literature review. It has been determined that neutrosophy is related to areas such as imaging, clinical analysis, and decision-making in diagnosis and health management. Implementing neutrosophy in decision-making can reduce the likelihood of errors, both in administrative aspects and in diagnosing and treating diseases. The presence of neutrosophic tools in medical technology is essential to overcome challenges and improve efficiency in healthcare. Integrating computer-assisted diagnosis systems, clinical and administrative information can enhance workflow, thereby optimizing the provision of medical services. By reducing uncertainty in medical practice, Neutrosophy offers the possibility to revolutionize the way healthcare is delivered. Its application has the potential to transform processes and improve the quality of care, representing a significant advancement in medicine(AU)

COVID-19 e a adaptação ao ensino remoto emergencial: revisão de escopo / COVID-19 and the adaptation to emergency remote teaching: a scoping review

Objetivo: Mapear o conhecimento sobre os principais desafios e as possíveis oportunidades advindas do ensino remoto emergencial durante a pandemia da COVID-19 sob a perspectiva de docentes e discentes dos cursos de ensino superior das áreas de Ciências da Saúde. Método: Trata-se de uma revisão de escopo pautada nas reco-mendações do The Joanna Briggs Institute. Foram realizadas buscas em duas bases de dados a fim de identificar estudos primários publicados em português, inglês e espanhol, entre os anos de 2020 e 2021, das quais foram identificadas 15 publicações que abordavam o ensino remoto emergencial em cursos de ensino superior da área de saúde. Resultados: Das publicações analisadas, 73,3% eram estudos transversais. Sete dos estudos tiveram os discentes como grupo de estudo, quatro abordaram a perspectiva docente, e três trouxeram a percepção conjunta de discentes e docentes. Os principais desafios identificados foram: o cumprimento das atividades de prática clínica, o distanciamento e menor interação entre pares, aumento da carga de trabalho, dificuldade/disparidade no acesso à internet e problemas técnicos, presença de distratores dificultando foco e motivação, dificuldade de manter aten-ção nesta modalidade de ensino, qualidade do ensino, baixa adesão dos discentes, insatisfação com as atividades em grupo e dificuldades em relação ao uso do dispositivo. Como oportunidades, a flexibilidade das aulas, o uso de tecnologias interativas, economia de tempo, melhoria de interação entre os discentes e docentes, possibilidades de cooperação vencidas pela barreira física. Conclusão: Do ponto de vista de discentes e docentes, existiram inúme-ros desafios sociais, tecnológicos (acesso e conhecimento) e pedagógicos. No entanto, este contexto também trou-xe novas oportunidades, que devem ser refletidas e analisadas pela comunidade acadêmica como pontos positivos, e incorporadas estrategicamente a fim de transformar o sistema educacional. (AU)

Objective: To map the knowledge of the main challenges and possible opportunities in emergency remote teaching during the COVID-19 pandemic from the perspective of higher education health science professors and students. Method: This scoping review was based on the recommendations of the Joanna Briggs Institute. The search was conducted in two databases to identify primary studies published in Portuguese, English, or Spanish in 2020 and 2021; 15 publications that approached emergency remote teaching in higher education programs in the field of health were identified. Results: Of the analyzed publications, 73.3% were cross-sectional studies. Seven studies comprised students in the study group; four addressed professors' perspectives; and three analyzed both students' and professors' perceptions. The following main challenges were identified: carrying out practical clinical activities, peer distancing and less interaction, increased workload, Internet access difficulties/disparities and technical problems, presence of distractors hindering focus and motivation, attention difficulties in this teaching modality, quality of teaching, low student adherence, dissatisfaction with group activities, and difficulties using devices. The opportunities included class flexibility, interactive technology use, time saving, improved student-professor interaction, cooperation possibilities otherwise impossible due to physical barriers. Conclusion: From the students' and professors' standpoint, there were countless social, technological (access and knowledge), and pedagogical challenges. On the other hand, this context also provided new opportunities, which the academic community must consider and analyze as positive aspects incorporated strategically to transform the educational system. (AU)

Educação Interprofissional no Brasil: formação e pesquisa / Interprofessional Education in Brazil: training and research

Esta coletânea é uma obra de muitas mãos e muitas referências! Seus 22 capítulos, foram organizados em 3 partes, a saber: Aproximações Conceituais; Educação Interprofissional em Saúde como estratégia de formação e prática; e Avaliação em Educação Interprofissional em saúde. Com a obra, busca-se retratar parte das experiências e das pesquisas produzidas no Instituto Saúde e Sociedade do Campus Baixada Santista da Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Unifesp/BS), no Grupo de Estudos e Pesquisas em Educação Interprofissional em Saúde (GPEIS), nos Programas de Pós-Graduação Interdisciplinar em Ciências da Saúde (níveis Mestrado e Doutorado) e no de Ensino em Ciências da Saúde (nível Mestrado Profissional). Através da obra expressamos o compromisso com a qualidade da formação profissional e com o sistema de saúde público e universal, assim como esperamos estar colaborando com o avanço do conhecimento sobre a formação interprofissional no país.

Gestión editorial de estudiantes de medicina en revistas científicas sobre ciencias de la salud / Editorial management by medical students in scientific journals about health sciences

Introducción: Para su desarrollo investigativo, los estudiantes de pregrado cuentan con órganos de difusión propios: las revistas científicas estudiantiles. Los actores de sus equipos editoriales son, en su mayoría, alumnos con gran prestigio investigativo. Objetivo: Caracterizar el desempeño de los estudiantes de medicina en la gestión editorial de revistas científicas sobre ciencias de la salud. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo y retrospectivo de corte transversal. El universo quedó conformado por 39 estudiantes; no se aplicó técnica de muestreo. Se analizaron las variables: edad, sexo, año académico, carrera, centro de formación superior, revistas en ciencias de la salud, función que desempeña dentro del equipo editorial, y tipos de artículos que maneja según función y preferencia. Se utilizó la estadística descriptiva, con una significación de p < 0,05. Resultados: Predominaron el sexo masculino, las personas con 21 y 22 años, y el cuarto año y la carrera de medicina. La Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Cienfuegos contó con 12 estudiantes. Se destacó la revista EsTuSalud; además, la función de revisor. Prevalecieron los artículos de revisión según función; y, de preferencia, los originales. Conclusiones: Se cuenta con representación de los diferentes años académicos, pertenecientes o no a la sede de la revista. Esta cualidad ha permitido hacer frente al creciente volumen de información y, a la vez, asumir diferentes funciones dentro de la gestión editorial(AU)

Introduction: For their research development, undergraduate students have their own dissemination bodies: student scientific journals. Most of the members of their editorial teams are students with great research prestige. Objective: To characterize the performance of medical students in the editorial management of scientific journals on health sciences. Methods: An observational, descriptive and retrospective cross-sectional study was carried out. The study universe consisted of 39 students; no sampling technique was applied. The following variables were analyzed: age, sex, academic year, major, higher education center, health sciences journals, role played within the editorial team, and types of articles handled according to role and preference. Descriptive statistics were used, with a significance of P < 0.05. Results: The male sex, people aged 21 and 22 years old, as well as the fourth academic year and the medicine major, were predominant. The University of Medical Sciences of Cienfuegos had twelve students. The journal EsTuSalud was remarkable, together with the role of reviewer. According to function and preference, there was a prevalence of review and original articles, respectively. Conclusions: There is representation from different academic years, belonging or not to the journal's headquarters. This quality has permitted to cope with the growing volume of information and, at the same time, to assume different functions as part of the editorial management process(AU)

Articulación de maestrías y especialidades con el doctorado en la Escuela Nacional de Salud Pública / A proposal for the articulation of specialties and master's with doctoral programs in the National School of Public Health

Introducción: La formación doctoral recaba relaciones internas entre los escenarios científicos y académicos. Objetivo: Exponer la propuesta de articulación de las maestrías y especialidades con el proceso de formación doctoral en la Escuela Nacional de Salud Pública. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio cualitativo fenomenológico, en el que participaron doctores de la Escuela Nacional de Salud Pública con implicación en la formación doctoral de otras formas académicas y graduados. Se realizó un grupo de discusión mediante un foro virtual, donde se discutió la necesidad de contar con un plan de acción para la articulación, así como su conformación definitiva. Resultados: Las voces apoyaron la necesidad de contar con dicha articulación y emitieron criterios que permitieron el perfeccionamiento de la propuesta sometida a debate. Conclusiones: La articulación especialidad-maestría-doctorado de la Escuela Nacional de Salud Pública garantiza el involucramiento de los actores implicados en su ejecución y permite avizorar los logros que se propone en cuanto al fortalecimiento de la formación doctoral de la institución, desde sus propias formas académicas. Deberá favorecer el tránsito rápido y exitoso de un mayor número de profesionales hacia la formación doctoral en ciencias de la salud. Sus presupuestos, propósitos, acciones y responsables responden a las circunstancias en que esta propuesta surge y a las necesidades actuales, lo cual no limita su perfeccionamiento continuo y necesario(AU)

Introduction: Doctoral training comprises internal relationships between scientific and academic scenarios. Objective: To show a proposal for articulating the master's program and specialties with the doctoral training process of the National School of Public Health. Methods: A qualitative and phenomenological study was carried out, with the participation of doctors from the National School of Public Health involved in the doctoral training of other academic modalities and graduates. A discussion group was held through a virtual forum, where the need for an articulation action plan was discussed, as well as its definitive creation. Results: The speaking participants supported the need to have such articulation and issued criteria that allowed the improvement of the proposal submitted for discussion. Conclusions: The specialty-master's program-doctorate program articulation of the National School of Public Health guarantees that actors be involved in its implementation and makes it possible to foresee the proposed achievements in terms of strengthening the institution's doctoral training, based on its own academic modalities. It should favor the rapid and successful transition of a greater number of professionals towards doctoral training in health sciences. Its foundations, purposes, actions and responsible actors respond to the circumstances in which this proposal arises, as well as to the current needs, which does not limit its continuous and necessary improvement(AU)

La enseñanza de la bioética para el fortalecimiento de la práctica biomédica y la investigación en las escuelas de ciencias de la salud / The Teaching of Bioethics for the Strengthening of Biomedical Practice and Research in Healthcare Sciences Schools / O ensino da bioética para o fortalecimento da prática biomédica e de pesquisa nas escolas de ciências da saúde

Introducción. La UNESCO define la bioética como el estudio sistemático, pluralista e interdisciplinario, para resolver los problemas éticos planteados por la medicina, las ciencias sociales y de la vida, comprendiendo lo relativo a los adelantos científicos aplicados a seres humanos y su relación con la biósfera. La UNESCO, asistida por un comité internacional de expertos, presentó en el 2016 el plan de estudios básico de bioética "The Bioethics Core Curriculum", orientado a fortalecer su enseñanza en ambientes universitarios. El objetivoprincipal de este manuscrito fue identificar los referentes conceptuales y los esfuerzos multilaterales para la inclusión de la bioética en los currículos, señalando su pertinencia para el mejoramiento continuo, el fortalecimiento de la enseñanza y la investigación en las ciencias biomédicas. Temas de reflexión. Referentes conceptuales vigentes, esfuerzos multilaterales en la enseñanza de la bioética, política nacional de ética de la investigación, bioética e integridad científica. Conclusiones. La bioética, como ciencia de la supervivencia, es un pilar fundamental para la práctica de las ciencias biomédicas. Es evidente la necesidad de formar y preparar de manera adecuada a los futuros profesionales, líderes de opinión, académicos, investigadores, políticos y tomadores de decisiones en aspectos bioéticos, con el propósito de mejorar y fortalecer la formulación de referentes bioéticos en la práctica biomédica y la investigación en ciencias de la salud.

Introduction. UNESCO defines bioethics as the systematic, pluralist, and interdisciplinary study to resolve the ethical problems posed by medicine, social sciences, and life, understanding matters related to scientific progress applied to human beings and their relationship with the biosphere. In 2016, UNESCO, aided by an international committee of experts, presented "The Bioethics Core Curriculum", aimed at strengthening its teaching in universities environment. The main objective of this manuscript was to identify the conceptual references and multilateral efforts for the inclusion of bioethics in curricula, indicating their relevance for continuous improvement, strengthening of teaching, and research in biomedical sciences. Topics of reflection. Current conceptual references, multilateral efforts in bioethics teaching, national research ethics, bioethics, and scientific integrity policy. Conclusions. Bioethics, as a survival science, is a fundamental pillar for the practice of biomedical sciences. The need to educate and adequately prepare future professionals, opinion leaders, academics, researchers, politicians, and decision makers in aspects of bioethics is obvious, in order to improve and strengthen the formulation of bioethical references in biomedical practice and research in healthcare sciences

Introdução. A UNESCO define bioética como o estudo sistemático, pluralista e interdisciplinar para resolver os problemas éticos colocados pela medicina, ciências sociais e da vida, incluindo questões relacionadas aos avanços científicos aplicados ao ser humano e sua relação com a biosfera. A UNESCO, auxiliada por um comitê internacional de especialistas, apresentou em 2016 o currículo básico de bioética "The Bioethics Core Curriculum", visando fortalecer seu ensino em ambientes universitários. O objetivo principal deste manuscrito foi identificar as referências conceituais e os esforços multilaterais para a inclusão da bioética nos currículos, apontando sua relevância para a melhoria contínua, fortalecimento do ensino e da pesquisa em ciências biomédicas. Tópicos de reflexão. Referências conceituais atuais, esforços multilaterais no ensino de bioética, política nacional de ética em pesquisa, bioética e integridade científica. Conclusões. A bioética, como ciência da sobrevivência, é um pilar fundamental para a prática das ciências biomédicas. Fica evidente a necessidade de formar e preparar adequadamente futuros profissionais, formadores de opinião, acadêmicos, pesquisadores, políticos e tomadores de decisão em aspectos bioéticos, com o objetivo de melhorar e fortalecer a formulação de referências bioéticas na prática biomédica e na pesquisa em ciências da saúde.

Produção científica brasileira sobre a covid-19 na Scopus (2019-2021): uma análise bibliométrica na área das ciências da saúde / Brazilian scientific production about covid-19 in Scopus (2019-2021): a bibliometric analysis in the health sciences field / Producción científica brasileña sobre covid-19 en Scopus (2019-2021): un análisis bibliométrico en el área de ciencias de la salud

A partir do uso da bibliometria como estratégia de mensuração de índices de pesquisa e produtividade, o estudo aqui apresentado analisou a produção científica brasileira sobre covid-19 na Scopus (2019-2021) e as relações das publicações de acordo com a perspectiva bourdieusiana. O referencial teórico incluiu buscar e revisitar os conceitos de Pierre Bourdieu de habitus, campo científico e capital simbólico e os de outros autores que dialogam com a perspectiva bourdieusiana. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualiquanti, exploratória, que buscou fontes de informações e documentos para responder aos questionamentos dos pesquisadores. Os resultados da investigação suscitaram importantes diagnósticos observacionais, dentre os quais o fato de 90% das universidades com maior número de publicações sobre a temática relativa à covid-19 na Scopus no período analisado serem públicas. Avalia-se que, mesmo com o corte de recursos e o enfraquecimento das instituições de pesquisa nacional, a área das ciências da saúde apresenta um crescimento significativo de estudos, realizando pesquisas de amplo interesse na atualidade.

Using bibliometrics as a strategy to measure research and productivity indexes, the study presented in this article analyzed the Brazilian scientific production about covid-19 in Scopus (2019-2021) and the relationships of those publications from the Bourdieusian perspective. The theoretical framework consisted in seeking and reviewing Pierre Bourdieu's concepts of habitus, scientific field and symbolic capital and concepts used by other authors who dialogue with the Bourdieusian perspective. It is a quali-quantitative exploratory research which sought sources of information and documents to answer the researchers' questions. The results of the investigation led to important observational discoveries, among others that 90% of the universities with the highest number of publications about covid-19 found in Scopus concerning the analyzed period by us are public universities. It is estimated that even with the cuts in government resources and the weakening of national research institutions, the area of health sciences has shown significant growth in studies, carrying out researches which have a great importance today.

Utilizando la bibliometría como estrategia para medir índices de investigación y productividad, el estudio presentado aquí analizó la producción científica brasileña sobre covid-19 en Scopus (2019-2021) y las relaciones de las publicaciones de acuerdo con la perspectiva bourdieusiana. El marco teórico ha consistido en buscar y revisar los conceptos de habitus, campo científico y capital simbólico de Pierre Bourdieu y las concepciones de otros autores que dialogan con la perspectiva bourdieusiana. Se trata de una investigación exploratoria, cuantitativa y cualitativa, que buscó fuentes de informaciones y documentos para responder a las preguntas de los investigadores. Los resultados de la investigación condujeron a importantes descubiertas observacionales, entre ellas el hecho de que 90% de las universidades con mayor número de publicaciones sobre el tema de la covid-19 en Scopus en el período analizado por nosostros son públicas. Se estima que aunque haya habido reducción de recursos por el Gobierno y debilitamiento de las instituciones nacionales de investigación, el área de ciencias de la salud ha mostrado un crecimiento significativo de estudios, desarrollando investigaciones de mucho interés en la actualidad.

Tributo al Dr. Rafael Pérez Cristiá. Ex-Director General de la Agencia Reguladora de Medicamentos, Equipos y Dispositivos Médicos de Cuba (CECMED) / Tribute to Dr. Rafael Pérez Cristiá. Past Head and Director General of the Cuban Regulatory Agency for medicines and medical devices (CECMED)

Dr. Pérez Cristiá was the Head and Director General of Cuba's Center for State Control of Medicines and Medical Devices (CECMED) from 2000 until his passing in June, 2020. Professional background Dr. Pérez Cristiá was a research pharmacologist and toxicologist by training, obtaining academic merit recognition by the Cuban Academy of Sciences. He held several positions as researcher and professor at the University of Medicine in Havana, Cuba and at the National University of Carabobo in Valencia, Venezuela. He also held various scientific appointments as President of the Cuban National Society of Toxicology, as honorary founding member of the National Toxicology Commission of Ecuador, permanent member of the General Council of Scientific Degrees in Health Sciences at the National Commission of Scientific Degrees, Ministry of Higher Education, Cuba. Dr. Pérez Cristiá was also appointed member of the MEDICC's Joint Academic Council. Apart from being a prominent scientist in his native Cuba, Dr. Pérez Cristiá became a referent in public health systems and policy both in Cuba and across the LATAM region. The following quote by Dr. C. William Keck, MEDICC's Executive Director summarizes Dr. Pérez Cristiá' s unanimous contribution to Cuba's public healthcare system: "Dr. Pérez Cristiá was an important leader as Cuba, a small and resource-scarce country, became a global biotech powerhouse and biotechnology evolved as a key component of Cuba's public health system that provides universal health care for its citizens. Safe and effective medicines and technologies to all, especially the most vulnerable, is one of the country's more important public health strategies, in which, Dr. Pérez Cristiá was a key decision maker" 1 As a visionary and leader in regulatory systems and policy in Cuba, during his 21 years as Head and Director General of the CECMED, Dr. Pérez Cristiá implemented the culture and knowledge of regulatory sciences as a key component of the institution's core values and mission. Since, regulatory sciences, have become strategic tools to support the dialogue between the Cuban health agency regulators and the key Cuban stakeholders from the biotechnology industry, research and development institutions, public health advocates, among other relevant players impacting healthcare in Cuba.2 Dr. Pérez-Cristiá was a charismatic individual and great communicator. One of his personal dreams and professional desire was to keep motivating the regulatory professional and experts from Cuba and the Latin America so as to be fully engaged and inspired. Dr. Pérez Cristiá aimed for every regulatory professional to comprehend and internalize the goals and values of regulatory sciences. To this effect, Dr. Pérez Cristiá was constantly fostering collaborations within his team, as well as developing strategic regulatory networks at the regional Latin American level and globally. His professional vision was always linked the present and the future, respecting everyone's knowledge and opinions. CECMED's key milestones and accomplishments Under Dr. Pérez's leadership, the CECMED gained recognition from the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) as one of the leading National Reference Authorities (NRA's) in the Latin American region for Medicines and Biologics. The PAHO classification system, granted CECMED the Level 4 in 2010 (highest classification).3 Below, is a list of other key regulatory milestones: The CECMED served as General Coordinator of the PAHO Regional National Regulatory Authorities (NRA's) for two consecutive mandates (2014 - 2016). The CECMED served as General Coordinator of the National Center for the Regulation of Medicines of the Bolivarian Alliance for the Peoples of Americas (ALBAMED) (2009 - 2010). CECMED became a WHO National Regulatory Reference Center for Vaccines (2000). CECMED became Observer of the International Council Harmonization (ICH) (2016). CECMED became Associate Member of the International Coalition of Medicines Regulatory Authorities (ICMRA) (2021). In addition to the above accomplishments, throughout the past three decades, the CECMED's Quality Management System was also certified in several occasions by the Spanish Association for Standardization and Certification (AENOR) and the National Office of Standardization, becoming an IQnet member for the past 10 years.3 Furthermore, in September 2004 the CECMED became a member of the Developing Nations Vaccine Regulators' Network (DCVRN). The CECMED was able to become a network member as the Agency fulfilled the critical regulatory functions required by WHO, also meeting the criteria of having at least one prequalified vaccine manufacturer for supply via a United Nations agency. Apart from the above, the CECMED has gained recognition from all of the LATAM regional Regulatory Authorities and global Regulatory Agencies, such as Health Canada, US-FDA, The National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) of China, The Russian Regulatory Agency, Swiss Medic, the Paul Ehrlich Institute, among other. The CECMED's Office of Innovation A paramount contribution by Dr. Pérez Cristiá to public health and access to biopharmaceutical innovation in Cuba, (prospectively across the LATAM region) has been the creation of the CECMED's Office of Innovation in October, 2019. First of its kind in the Latin American region, the CECMED's Office of Innovation was built on a comprehensive regulatory framework with the aim to accelerate innovation enabling successful transition of novel products from research and development to clinical research, granting patients' early access to innovative medicines.4 This initiative has been propelled by the speed and complexity of new discoveries challenging both capacities and creative thinking of the Cuban regulatory authority, coupled with the change from a rigid, one-size fits all regulatory system to a more adaptive and flexible model (without compromising rigor) becoming an alternative, valuable and innovative regulatory tool. LATAM Endowed Chair in Regulatory Sciences Another key contribution linked to Dr. Pérez Cristiá's vision as a regulatory leader in the LATAM region has been the creation of a specialized training program in Regulatory Sciences for the regional Regulatory professional's community. Dr. Pérez Cristiá envisioned the creation of an Endowed Chair collaborating with renowned academic institutions in Cuba and across the Latin American region. Basically, the development of a professional training program to convey advanced training and expertise in drug regulation across the LATAM region, granting access to an international, multidisciplinary academic curriculum aimed at improving professional regulatory skills, teaching regulatory sciences as an imbedded culture based on an undergraduate and graduate curriculum. Furthermore, the Endowed Chair would allow access to expand the scope of regulatory research through publications, promoting joint academic initiatives as well as providing opportunities to collaborate with other institutions and regulatory agencies (both regional and global). Acknowledgements The authors of this tribute, are honored to have shared the contributions and legacy of Dr. Perez-Cristiá, Head and Director of the Cuban Regulatory Authority (CECMED) during his 20 years of tenure. Dr. Perez Cristia's commitment, professional legacy and teachings will permanently prevail, as he was unanimously regarded as a regulatory referent in public health in Cuba, across the Latin American region and globally.

Vitalidad científica de la formación doctoral en la Escuela Nacional de Salud Pública de Cuba / Scientific Vitality of Doctoral Training at The National School of Public Health of Cuba

Introducción: La Escuela Nacional de Salud Pública ha contribuido durante 17 años a la formación de doctores en Ciencias de la Salud, tarea que ha desarrollado con rigor y calidad. Objetivo: Demostrar la vitalidad científica de la Escuela Nacional de Salud Pública en la formación de doctores en Ciencias de la Salud. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo a partir de la información disponible en la base de datos de la Oficina de Doctorado de la escuela, de 2005 - 2019. Se aplicó una metodología cualitativa de tipo fenomenológico apoyada en la experiencia individual de los participantes. Se empleó un muestreo no probabilístico con la finalidad de ponderar la cualidad de la información. Resultados: Se formaron 125 doctores, egresaron ocho doctores por años, tanto profesionales cubanos, como extranjeros, en todos los periodos. El análisis territorial reflejó concentración en La Habana, hubo provincias que no habían formado doctores en la especialidad. Los entrevistados expresaron criterios favorables sobre la vitalidad científica de la Escuela Nacional de Salud Pública. Conclusiones: La vitalidad científica en la formación de doctores en Ciencias de la Salud ha sido posible con la ejecución de la estrategia de formación de doctores llevada a cabo por el claustro de la Escuela Nacional de Salud Pública, a través un programa doctoral que se sustenta en la política de captación de doctorandos cubanos y extranjeros y en el desarrollo de procesos formativos que han conducido a tesis doctorales con importantes aportes a la disciplina. No obstante, existe la necesidad de ser más proactivos en la búsqueda y preparación de doctorandos en algunas provincias del país(AU)

Introduction: The National School of Public Health has contributed for seventeen years to train doctors in Health Sciences specialty. This task has been rigorously conducted and with high standards of quality. Objective: To prove the scientific vitality of the National School of Public Health in training doctors in Health Sciences specialty. Methods: A descriptive study was carried out based on the information available in the database of the Doctorate Office of the school, from 2005 to 2019. A phenomenological-type qualitative methodology was applied, supported by the individual experience of the participants. A non-probabilistic sampling was used in order to weigh the quality of the information. Results: One hundred twenty-five doctors were trained; eight doctors graduated per year, both Cuban and foreign professionals, in all periods. The territorial analysis reflected concentration in Havana, there were provinces that had not trained doctors in this specialty. The interviewees expressed favorable criteria about the scientific vitality of the National School of Public Health. Conclusions: The scientific vitality in training of doctors in Health Sciences specialty has been possible with the implementation of the doctor training strategy, carried out by the faculty of the National School of Public Health, through a doctoral program that is based on in the policy of attracting Cuban and foreign doctoral students and in the development of training processes that have led to doctoral theses with important contributions to the discipline. However, being proactive is necessary in the search and preparation of doctoral students in some provinces of the country(AU)

Evaluación de la producción científica estudiantil en la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de La Habana / Assessment of the students' scientific production at University of Medical Sciences of Havana

Introducción: La investigación científica es uno de los pilares que sostienen la formación académica superior en las ciencias de la salud. Objetivo: Evaluar la producción científica de los estudiantes de pregrado en la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de La Habana. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal en la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de La Habana. Se contó con un universo de 393 individuos, estudiado en su totalidad mediante una encuesta. Se determinaron frecuencias absolutas, porcentaje, χ2 de Pearson y V de Cramer. Resultados: En cuanto al año académico, la evidencia estadística apuntó hacia una asociación débil mediante las variables: pertenencia al Movimiento de Alumnos Ayudantes Frank País (p = 0,01; V = 0,192) y publicación en revistas científicas (p = 0,0009; V = 0,23); así como una asociación moderada a través de la participación en eventos científicos (p = 0,001; V = 0,461). La Jornada Científica Estudiantil constituyó el evento de mayor participación (77 por ciento), fundamentalmente a nivel de facultad (77 por ciento). El grupo al que pertenecían las revistas en que más frecuentemente publicaron los estudiantes de la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de La Habana fue el IV (6 por ciento); el promedio de publicaciones resultó de 2,6. El aumento del conocimiento científico representó la principal motivación referida (65,1 por ciento); y la fundamental limitante planteada, falta de equipos necesarios (48,1 por ciento). La potenciación del estudio curricular y extracurricular de la metodología de la investigación se evidenció como la sugerencia más frecuente. Conclusiones: Aún existe y prolifera entre los estudiantes de pregrado de la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de La Habana una productividad científica insuficiente(AU)

Introduction: Scientific research is one of the cornerstones that support higher academic training in health sciences. Objective: To assess the scientific production of undergraduate students at the University of Medical Sciences of Havana. Methods: An observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out at the University of Medical Sciences of Havana. The universe was 393 individuals, totally studied by means of a survey. Absolute frequencies, percentage, Pearson's χ2 and Cramér's V were determined. Results: With respect to academic year, the statistical evidence showed a weak association among the variables member of Frank País Student Teacher Movement (P=0.01; V=0.192) and publication in scientific journals (P=0.0009; V=0.23); as well as a moderate association through participation in scientific events (P= 0.001; V=0.461). The Students' Scientific Meeting was the event with the highest participation (77 percent), mainly at the school level (77 percent). Group IV journals were the most represented as those with the highest number of publications by students from the University of Medical Sciences of Havana, accounting for 6 percent; the average number of publications was 2.6. An increase in scientific knowledge was referred as the main motivation (65.1 percent); while they respondents mentioned the lack of necessary equipment (48.1 percent) as the main limitation. The enhancement of curricular and extracurricular study of research methodology was evidenced as the most frequent suggestion(AU)

Enfermagem e a aplicação da lista de cirurgia segura: uma revisão integrativa / Nursing and the application of the safe surgery list: an integrative review / Enfermería y la aplicación de la lista de cirugía segura: una revisión integrativa

Objetivo: Analisar a produção científica sobre a aplicação da lista de verificação de cirurgia segura pela equipe de enfermagem. Método: Revisão integrativa da literatura, com busca nas bases de dados: Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (Medline), Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (Lilacs) e Banco de Dados em Enfermagem (BDENF), com recorte temporal de 2010 a 2020. Resultados: Dos 61 artigos encontrados, a produção analisada nos seis artigos selecionados permitiu categorizar, conforme núcleos de sentido, os temas destacados pelas equipes de enfermagem em: "percepção dos profissionais de enfermagem", "potencialidades" e "fragilidades". Conclusão: Os estudos mostram que, na perspectiva da enfermagem, a compreensão da importância do protocolo para a prática assistencial está diretamente relacionada a sua aplicabilidade. No que tange às potencialidades e fragilidades, há um caminho a ser percorrido, haja vista a necessidade de superar as falhas e barreiras na cultura organizacional de gestores e profissionais da saúde.

Objective: To analyze the scientific production on the application of the safe surgery checklist by the nursing team. Method: Integrative literature review, with search in the databases: Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (Medline), Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences (Lilacs), and Banco de Dados em Enfermagem (BDENF), with time frame from 2010 to 2020. Results: Of the 61 articles found, the production analyzed in the six selected articles allowed categorizing, according to meaning cores, the themes highlighted by the nursing teams in: "perception of nursing professionals", "potentialities", and "weaknesses". Conclusion: Studies show that, from a nursing perspective, understanding the importance of the protocol for care practice is directly related to its applicability. With regard to strengths and weaknesses, there is a way to go, given the need to overcome flaws and barriers in the organizational culture of managers and health professionals.

Objetivo: Analizar la producción científica sobre la aplicación de la lista de verificación de cirugía segura por parte del equipo de enfermería. Método: Revisión integrativa de la literatura, con búsqueda en las bases de datos: Medline, LILACS y BDENF, con un marco temporal de 2010 a 2020. Resultados: De los 61 artículos encontrados, la producción analizada en los seis artículos seleccionados permitió categorizar, según núcleos de significado, los temas destacados por los equipos de enfermería en: "percepción de los profesionales de enfermería", "Potencialidades" y Fragilidades. Conclusión: Los estudios indican que, desde la perspectiva de enfermería, la comprensión de la importancia del protocolo para la práctica del cuidado está directamente relacionada con su aplicabilidad. En cuanto a las fortalezas y debilidades, hay un camino por recorrer, dada la necesidad de superar fallas y barreras en la cultura organizacional de los gestores y profesionales de la salud.

La formación doctoral e investigación científica en el área de la enfermería en Ecuador / Doctoral training and scientific research in nursing in Ecuador

El objetivo del estudio que se presenta fue describir sintéticamente el estado de las capacidades y posibilidades de formación profesional, desarrollo científico y especialización en enfermería en Ecuador, comparándolo con el de otras naciones de la región. Se estableció un diagnóstico concreto que pueda constituir una base para la toma de medidas al respecto. Se realizó revisión reflexiva de fuentes confiables de información en bases científicas regionales y páginas Web de instituciones nacionales e internacionales reconocidas como reguladoras de los procesos del fenómeno investigado. El estado de la investigación y oferta académica doctoral en el área de la enfermería requiere de la generación de políticas y acciones en Ecuador, para potenciar los correspondientes indicadores que muestran mejores cifras en algunos de sus vecinos de la región sudamericana.

This study aimed to describe synthetically the state of the capacities and possibilities of profes-sional training, scientific development, and specialization in nursing in Ecuador, comparing it with other ones of other nations in the region. It was established a concrete diagnosis that can constitute a basis for taking measures in this regard. A reflexive review of reliable sources of information in regional scientific bases and web pages of national and international institutions recognized as regulators of the processes of the phenomenon under investigation was carried out. The state of research and doctorate academic offerings in the nursing area requires the gene-ration of policies and actions in Ecuador to enhance the corresponding indicators that show better figures in some of its neighbors in the South American region.

El Enfoque Bayesiano en las Ciencias de la Salud / The Bayesian Approach in the Health Sciences

En estadística existen dos enfoques básicos, la estadística frecuentista que es la corriente principal y la estadística bayesiana. La mayoría de los principales métodos estadísticos son frecuentistas siendo el enfoque bayesiano más desconocido entre los investigadores. En el presente artículo se exponen los fundamentos lógicos del enfoque bayesiano y su uso mediante un ejemplo de aplicación. En este contexto, más que presentar un debate entre la lógica clásica y la bayesiana, se pretende mostrar de manera introductoria las enormes posibilidades que el enfoque bayesiano puede aportar a la investigación en las Ciencias de la Salud.

In the stadistic field there are two basic approaches, the Frequentist Statistics which is the primary one, and the Bayesian Statistics. The most used statistical methods are the Frequentist methods, being the Bayesian approach the most popular among researchers. In this article, the logical basis of the Bayendian approach and its use are exposed through an application example. In this context, rather than presenting a debate between the classic and the Bayensian logic, it is intended to demonstrate in an introductory method the considerable possibilities how Bayesian approach can contribute to Health and Sciences research.

La Revista Cubana de Información en Ciencias de la Salud adopta el flujo continuo en un único volumen al año / The Cuban Journal of Health Sciences Information adopts the continuous publication flow in a single volume per year

En el año 2017, la Revista Cubana de Información en Ciencias de la Salud adoptó el modelo de publicación continua, manteniendo la estructura de los cuatro números anuales, con vistas a lograr una difusión más expedita de los resultados de las investigaciones, a través de la flexibilización de los plazos de publicación.1 Nos complace anunciar la decisión del comité editorial de pasar a la publicación continua en un volumen anual único, a partir del volumen 33 del año 2022, eliminando así la salida periódica de los números. Con esta decisión se busca optimizar los procesos editoriales y se reafirma la exigencia de cumplir con los parámetros de calidad de la publicación científica, sin violentar los tiempos ni los procesos de evaluación y edición de los manuscritos. Se mantendrá la notificación sobre los nuevos artículos publicados a través de correo electrónico para los usuarios registrados en el sitio web de la revista (http://rcics.sld.cu) y a través de nuestra página en Facebook (https://www.facebook.com/rcics/)(AU)

O significado do uso de telas entre adolescentes: causas e consequências / El significado del uso de pantallas entre adolescentes: causas y consecuencias / The signification of the use of screens among adolescents: causes and consequences

RESUMO Objetivo: compreender o significado do uso de telas atribuído pelos adolescentes. Métodos: o presente estudo foi descritivo exploratório, com abordagem qualitativa e referencial teórico-metodológico do interacionismo simbólico. Participaram adolescentes de uma escola pública mineira. Os dados foram coletados através de entrevistas e grupos focais realizados de forma online e analisados conforme a análise temática no período deagosto a dezembro de 2020. Resultados: participaram oito adolescentescom idades entre 14 e 17 anos, que cursavam o ensino médioe relataram que a tela mais usada foi o celular. Os significados atribuídos ao uso de telas estiveram relacionados à possibilidade de interação e praticidade por possibilitar a realização de várias atividades. Houve o reconhecimento que, diante do uso excessivo, é preciso ter momento distante da tela. Após a análise foram desveladas três categorias: 1. Tela é diversidade 2. Tela é interação, 3. É bom parar um pouco. Considerações finais: a pesquisa mostrou que distanciar-se das telas é difícil e que a presença de profissionais da saúde, particularmente relacionados à saúde do adolescente, pode ajudá-los a encontrar alternativas para usar as telas com redução das consequências negativas.

RESUMEN Objetivo: comprender el significado del uso de pantallas asignado por los adolescentes. Métodos: el presente estudio fue descriptivo exploratorio, con abordaje cualitativo y referencial teórico-metodológico del interaccionismo simbólico. Participaron adolescentes de una escuela pública de Minas Gerais-Brasil. Los datos fueron recolectados a través de entrevistas y grupos focales realizados en forma online y analizados conforme el análisis temático en el período de agosto a diciembre de 2020. Resultados: participaron ocho adolescentes con edades entre 14 y 17 años, que cursaban la enseñanza secundaria y relataron que la pantalla más usada fue el celular. Los significados atribuidos al uso de pantallas estuvieron relacionados a la posibilidad de interacción y practicidad por posibilitar la realización de varias actividades. Hubo el reconocimiento de que, ante el uso excesivo, es necesario tener momento alejado de la pantalla. Después del análisis surgieron tres categorías: 1. La pantalla es diversidad; 2. La pantalla es interacción; 3. Es bueno detenerse un poco. Consideraciones finales: la investigación ha demostrado que distanciarse de las pantallas es difícil y que la presencia de profesionales de la salud, particularmente involucrados con la salud del adolescente, puede ayudarles a encontrar alternativas para usar las pantallas con reducción de las consecuencias negativas.

ABSTRACT Objective: to understand the signification of the use of screens attributed by adolescents. Methods: the current study was descriptive and exploratory, with a qualitative approach and theoretical-methodological framework of symbolic interactionism. Adolescents from a public school in Minas Gerais participated in it. Data were collected through interviews and focus groups carried out online and analyzed according to thematic analysis in the period from August to December 2020. Results: it had the participation of eight adolescents aged between 14 and 17 years, who attended high school and reported that the most used screen was the cell phone. The significations attributed to the use of screens were related to the possibility of interaction and practicality for allowing the performance of various activities. There was recognition that, in the face of excessive use, it is necessary to have a moment away from the screen. After the analysis, three categories were revealed: 1. Screen is diversity 2. Screen is interaction, 3. It is good to stop for a while. Final considerations: research has shown that distance from screens is difficult and the presence of health professionals, particularly related to adolescent health, can help them to find alternatives to use screens with reduced negative consequences.

Relaciones de la deontología en ciencias de la salud: cuatro principios más alcance / Relationships of ethics in health sciences: four more principles reach

Los profesionales de distintas áreas de salud han fortalecido hábitos relacionados con faltas de consideración y trato cordial con pacientes y colegas, sugiriendo que la práctica de la ética profesional no se aplica como cualidad relevante en la atención sanitaria. Por otra parte, en Ecuador se han registrado innumerables demandas por causa de mala praxis médica y falta de valores éticos y morales en el ejercicio de la salud. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y transversal en 47 estudiantes y 10 docentes de la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas de una universidad de Ecuador, a quienes se les aplicó un instrumento con la finalidad de conocer la práctica de los 4 principios básicos de bioética (autonomía, beneficencia, no ­ maleficencia y justicia) y analizar la importancia que tiene la deontología en la formación universitaria. Se observó que una alta proporción de docentes de odontología aplican la bioética en su labor profesional, con menos énfasis en el principio de no-maleficencia, refieren no recordar los derechos del paciente ante una demanda de mala práctica y desconocer la responsabilidad civil y penal. Mientras que, los estudiantes mostraron un nivel aceptable en los principios de autonomía y beneficencia pero pocos aplican los principios de no-maleficencia y justicia, asimismo, en su mayoría carecen de conocimientos sobre la deontología, códigos de ética médica en Ecuador y leyes que rigen el ejercicio profesional de la odontología, siendo necesario fortalecer la formación docente universitaria en bioética y optimizar programas y estrategias de aprendizaje en bioética y deontología odontológica(AU)

Professionals from different health areas have strengthened habits related to lack of consideration and cordial treatment with patients and colleagues, suggesting that the practice of professional ethics is not applied as a relevant quality in health care. On the other hand, in Ecuador there have been countless lawsuits due to medical malpractice and lack of ethical and moral values in the exercise of health. A descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out in 47 students and 10 teachers from the Faculty of Medical Sciences of a university in Ecuador, to whom an instrument was applied in order to know the practice of the 4 basic principles of bioethics (autonomy, beneficence, no ­ maleficence and justice) and analyze the importance of ethics in university education. It was observed that a high proportion of dentistry teachers apply bioethics in their professional work, with less emphasis on the principle of non-maleficence, they refer not to remember the rights of the patient in the event of a malpractice claim and to ignore civil and criminal liability. While the students showed an acceptable level in the principles of autonomy and beneficence but few apply the principles of non-maleficence and justice, likewise, most of them lack knowledge about deontology, codes of medical ethics in Ecuador and laws that govern the professional practice of dentistry, being necessary to strengthen university teaching training in bioethics and optimize programs and learning strategies in bioethics and dental ethics(AU)

"Necessidades de saúde": reflexões acerca da (in)definição de um conceito / "Health needs": reflections on the (in)definition of a concept

Resumo Definir um conceito de necessidades em saúde é fundamental para estabelecer limites às intervenções médico-sanitárias, sejam individuais ou coletivas. Como muitas expressões de uso técnico corrente, há uma variação considerável dos sentidos atribuídos à expressão "necessidades de saúde". A hipótese que guiou este trabalho é de que a literatura especializada apresenta uma falta de rigor na definição e utilização do termo, o que constitui em si um problema ético e político, visto que pode reverberar em questões como alocação de recursos, na definição de estratégias e ações de um projeto terapêutico. Foi realizada uma análise temática em artigos publicados nas bases BVS e Pubmed em português, espanhol e inglês, com os respectivos descritores: determinação de necessidades de cuidados de saúde, evaluacíon de necessidades e needs assessment. Constatou-se que "necessidades de saúde" é um objeto pouco explorado numa perspectiva que envolva sua reflexão. Há uma ausência de definição conceitual nos trabalhos em que aparece, denotando uma falta de uniformidade no entendimento teórico acerca dessa expressão. A falta de um conceito strictu sensu e a complexidade dos fatores envolvendo o descritor resulta em um uso difuso, com problematização incipiente e, por vezes, conveniente ao contexto empregado.

Abstract Defining a concept of health needs is essential for establishing limits to medical and sanitary interventions, whether at an individual or collective level. Like many expressions in current technical use, the meanings attributed to the expression "health needs" vary considerably. Thus, this work was driven by the hypothesis that the specialized literature lacks rigor in the definition and use of the term, posing an ethical and political problem for it can reverberate in issues such as resource allocation and in the definition of strategies and actions of a therapeutic project. To this end, articles published in the BVS and Pubmed databases in Portuguese, Spanish, and English, with the descriptors determinação de necessidades de cuidados de saúde, evaluacíon de necessidades, and needs assessment were submitted to thematic analysis. The results indicate that reflections on the concept of "health needs" are scarce in the literature. Moreover, the studies addressing the concept show a lack of conceptual definition, denoting a lack of uniformity in the theoretical understanding about this expression. The absence of a strictu sensu concept and the complexity of the factors involving the descriptor results in a diffuse use, with incipient problematization and, at times, convenient for the context used.