Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Mostrar: 20 | 50 | 100
Resultados 1 - 9 de 9
Filtrar
Mais filtros










Filtros aplicados
Intervalo de ano de publicação
1.
Appl. cancer res ; 40: 1-3, Oct. 19, 2020. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS, Inca | ID: biblio-1281353

RESUMO

Background: Cervical cancer is a prominently diagnosed form of cancer in several resource-constrained settings particularly within the sub-Saharan African region. Globally, Africa region has the highest incidence and mortality rates of cervical cancer. The high prevalence has been attributed to several factors including lack of awareness of the disease. The aim of this paper is to explore the prevalence and factors associated with awareness of cervical cancer among women of reproductive age in Republic of Benin and Zimbabwe, sub-Saharan Africa. Methods: We used population-based cross-sectional data from Benin Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS) and Zimbabwe Demographic and Health Survey (ZDHS) respectively. BDHS 2017­18 and ZDHS - 2015 are the 5th and 6th rounds of the surveys respectively. About 15,928 and 9955 women aged 15­49 years were included in this study respectively. The awareness of cervical cancer among women of reproductive age in Benin and Zimbabwe was measured dichotomously; yes (if a woman heard of cervical cancer) vs. no (if a woman has not heard of cervical cancer). All significant variables from the bivariate analysis were included in the multivariable logistic regression model to calculate the adjusted odds ratios (AOR) with corresponding 95% confidence interval. Results: While majority (79.2%) of women from Zimbabwe have heard about cervical cancer, only about one-tenth (10.2%) of their Beninese counterparts have heard about the disease. Advanced maternal age, having formal education, use of internet, having professional/technical/managerial occupation significantly increased the odds of awareness of cervical cancer after adjusting for other confounders. However, in Benin, women who resided in the rural area and those of Islamic belief had 20% (AOR = 0.80; 95%CI: 0.64, 0.99) and 35% (AOR = 0.65; 95%CI: 0.50, 0.86) reduction in the odds of awareness of cervical cancer respectively, when compared with women from urban residence and Christianity. Results from the predictive marginal effects showed that, assuming the distribution of all factors remained the same among women, but every woman is an urban dweller, we would expect 11.0 and 81.0% level of awareness of cervical cancer; If everywoman had higher education, we would expect 20.0 and 90% level of awareness of cervical cancer and if instead the distribution of other maternal factors were as observed and other covariates remained the same among women, but all women were in the richest household wealth quintile, we would expect about 11.0 and 83.0% level of awareness of cervical cancer, among women of reproductive age from Benin and Zimbabwe respectively. Conclusion: The study has revealed that socio-demographical factors including geographical location and selected economic factors explained the inequality in distribution of women's awareness on cervical cancer in both countries. Designing an effective population-based health education and promotion intervention programs on cervical cancer will be a great way forward to improving women's awareness level on cervical cancer.


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto Jovem , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Benin , Educação em Saúde , Prevalência , Estudos Transversais , África Subsaariana
2.
Hematol., Transfus. Cell Ther. (Impr.) ; 42(2): 145-149, Apr.-June 2020. tab
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: biblio-1134015

RESUMO

ABSTRACT Background: Sickle cell disease is the most common monogenic disorder in humans and is a major public health concern in sub-Saharan Africa. In Benin, the prevalence of sickle cell disease is estimated to be 4.8%. Our study aimed to describe the prevalence of hemoglobin abnormalities in an apparently healthy Benin population. Methods: One thousand four hundred and eighty-three men and women, apparently in good health after medical screening, were tested for hemoglobin abnormalities by hemoglobin electrophoresis and the Emmel test. Subjects who were found to have homozygous or double heterozygous hemoglobin abnormalities, were re-sampled and a confirmation hemogram and hemoglobin electrophoresis test by capillary electrophoresis was performed. Results: Our study population was predominantly male (97.7%) with an average age of 21.3 years. 1390 subjects reported that they did not know their hemoglobin electrophoresis status. Hemoglobin electrophoresis profiles found were as follows: 1077 (72.6%) AA (normal), 238 (16.1%) AS, 161 (10.9%) AC, 3 (0.2%) SC, 4 (0.2%) CC and 0 (0%) SS. The 406 subjects with abnormal hemoglobin had balanced somatic growth, with general physical examination results showing no abnormalities. In the seven subjects with major sickle cell syndrome or hemoglobinosis (SC and CC), their values of various hemogram parameters were normal apart from the discreet presence of microcytic anemia. Conclusion: Our study highlights the need for increased routine testing of hemoglobin abnormalities and newborn screening for sickle cell disease in order to enhance early disease detection, prevention and comprehensive care.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto , Benin , Eletroforese das Proteínas Sanguíneas , Triagem Neonatal , Anemia Falciforme
4.
Rev. bras. parasitol. vet ; 22(2): 243-247, Apr.-June 2013. tab, graf, ilus
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: lil-679413

RESUMO

An epidemiological survey was undertaken from March to September 2010 to assess the prevalence and zoonotic aspects of scabies in small ruminants in two agro-ecological zones in southern Benin. Small ruminant (n = 444) smallholders and 1,807 of their animals (1,233 West African dwarf goats and 574 West African dwarf sheep) were included in the study. The animals underwent physical examination and, when scabies-like lesions were found, crusts and integument scrapings were collected for microscopic parasitological tests. The samples collected in each survey were coded in accordance with the owner-animal pairings in order to assess the degree of correlation between mange cases in humans (smallholders) and their animals. The overall prevalence of scabies was 28.33% and 9.5% in animals and smallholders (human cases) respectively. Infestations were significantly (p < 0.001) more frequent in goats (39.6%) than in sheep. The uniqueness of the etiological agent (Sarcoptes scabiei), the very high predictive value of human scabies in infected farms (83.67%) and a very high odds ratio (OR = 2,019.25) indicate that small ruminant scabies has been transmitted to smallholders by their animals. Close contact between these smallholders and their animals was a determining factor in this interspecies communicability of sarcoptic mange.


Um estudo epidemiológico foi realizado entre março e setembro de 2010, a fim de determinar a prevalência e aspectos zoonóticos de sarna em pequenos ruminantes em duas zonas agroecológicas no Sul de Benin. Pequenos criadores (n = 444) de ruminantes e 1.807 dos seus animais (1.233 cabras e 574 ovelhas Djallonké) fizeram parte da amostra para o estudo. Os animais foram submetidos a um exame físico e, quando detectadas algumas suspeitas de lesões da sarna, crostas e amostras cutâneas foram colhidas para exames parasitológicos por microscopia de luz. As amostras colhidas em cada inquérito foram codificadas tendo como referência os donos dos animais, a fim de estabelecer/avaliar o grau de correlação entre os casos de incidência nos humanos (criadores) e os seus respectivos animais. A prevalência de sarna foi, respectivamente, 28,33% em animais e 9,5% entre os criadores (casos humanos). Infestações foram significativamente (p < 0,001) mais comum em caprinos (39,6%) do que nos ovinos (4,2 %). A particularidade do agente etiológico (Sarcoptes scabiei), o alto valor preditivo de infestação nos humanos (83.67%) e o elevado valor da odds ratio (OR = 2019.25) indica um caráter zoonótico da sarna dos pequenos ruminantes. A proximidade entre homens e animais neste meio é um fator importante neste contato interespecífica da sarna sarcóptica.


Assuntos
Humanos , Animais , Ruminantes , Escabiose/epidemiologia , Escabiose/veterinária , Zoonoses/epidemiologia , Benin/epidemiologia , Prevalência
5.
Rev. bras. parasitol. vet ; 22(1): 119-123, Jan.-Mar. 2013. graf
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: lil-671596

RESUMO

This study is a contribution to the inventory of medicinal plants and other methods used in controlling external parasitic diseases of backyard poultry in the localities of Djougou and Ouaké (department of Donga, Benin). It consists of a survey undertaken from December 2010 to March 2011 through visits and interviews with 210 poultry famers. The results indicate that 13 species of medicinal plants are used in controlling ectoparasites. Annona senegalensis, Tectona grandis, Securidaca longepedunculata, Indigofera hirsuta, Lophira lanceolata, Hyptis spicigera, Steganotaenia araliacea, Oxytenanthera abyssinica, Nicotiana tabacum, Jatropha curcas, Ficus exasperata, Azadirachta indica and Parkia biglobosa are believed to treat external parasitic diseases in the area of this study. Annona senegalensis was the most frequently cited plant (18%, p < 0.05) used in remedies against external parasites in poultry. Other traditional recipes such as palm oil and ash have been reported.


Este estudo é uma contribuição ao inventário de plantas curativas e outros métodos endógenos usados no combate aos ectoparasitos de pássaros de currais nas aldeias de Djougou e Ouaké (departamento do Donga, em Benin). A pesquisa foi conduzida entre dezembro de 2010 e março de 2011, durante visitas e entrevistas com 210 criadores de aves. Os resultados indicam que 13 espécies de plantas curativas são utilizadas no combate aos ectoparasitos. Annona senegalensis, Tectona grandis, Securidaca longepedunculata, Indigofera hirsuta, Lophira lanceolata, Hyptis spicigera, Steganotaenia araliacea, Oxytenanthera abyssinica, Nicotiana tabacum, Jatropha curcas, Ficus exasperata, Azadirachta indica e Parkia biglobosa, são usadas para tratar uma doença parasitária externa na área de estudo. Annona senegalensis foi a planta mais frequentemente usada (18%, p < 0.05) como medicação contra os parasitas externos das aves. Outras receitas tradicionais como o óleo de palma e a cinza tem sido comunicadas.


Assuntos
Animais , Artrópodes , Ectoparasitoses/veterinária , Fitoterapia/veterinária , Doenças das Aves Domésticas/parasitologia , Doenças das Aves Domésticas/prevenção & controle , Plantas Medicinais , Benin , Ectoparasitoses/prevenção & controle
6.
Hist. ciênc. saúde-Manguinhos ; 19(supl.1): 35-45, dez. 2012.
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: lil-662502

RESUMO

The essay examines, with special reference to smallpox, the perception and interpretation of disease in pre-colonial Dahomey, present-day Republic of Benin. Because disease is seen primarily as a punishment from the gods and not just as a medical problem or a bodily disorder, traditional cult priests play a leading role in making diagnoses and prescribing remedies, mostly based on medicinal plants. The prominence of Sakpata, god of smallpox, coupled with the influence of its priests is evaluated within the context of Dahomey's political history and the spread of the disease. This pivotal position was to constitute a challenge to the French colonial campaign to vaccinate against smallpox.


O ensaio examina - com especial atenção à varíola - as percepções e interpretações das doenças no Daomé pré-colonial, atual República do Benim. Uma vez que as doenças eram vistas antes de tudo como punição divina, e não como problema ou distúrbio do corpo, os sacerdotes tradicionais exerciam papel central no seu diagnóstico e na prescrição de remédios, com base principalmente em plantas medicinais. A importância do culto a Sakpata, deus da varíola, juntamente com a influência dos sacerdotes é avaliada dentro do contexto da história política do Daomé e da disseminação das doenças. A posição crucial desse culto constituiu-se como um desafio para a campanha colonial francesa de vacinação contra a varíola.


Assuntos
Humanos , História do Século XIX , Plantas Medicinais , Varíola/diagnóstico , Varíola/história , Benin , Vacinação , Clero , História do Século XIX
7.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 36(10): 1283-1288, Oct. 2003. ilus, tab
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: lil-346480

RESUMO

ßS-Globin haplotypes were studied in 80 (160 ßS chromosomes) sickle cell disease patients from Salvador, Brazil, a city with a large population of African origin resulting from the slave trade from Western Africa, mainly from the Bay of Benin. Hematological and hemoglobin analyses were carried out by standard methods. The ßS-haplotypes were determined by PCR and dot-blot techniques. A total of 77 (48.1 percent) chromosomes were characterized as Central African Republic (CAR) haplotype, 73 (45.6 percent) as Benin (BEN), 1 (0.63 percent) as Senegal (SEN), and 9 (5.63 percent) as atypical (Atp). Genotype was CAR/CAR in 17 (21.3 percent) patients, BEN/BEN in 17 (21.3 percent), CAR/BEN in 37 (46.3 percent), BEN/SEN in 1 (1.25 percent), BEN/Atp in 1 (1.25 percent), CAR/Atp in 6 (7.5 percent), and Atp/Atp in 1 (1.25 percent). Hemoglobin concentrations and hematocrit values did not differ among genotype groups but were significantly higher in 25 patients presenting percent fetal hemoglobin ( percentHbF) > or = 10 percent (P = 0.002 and 0.003, respectively). The median HbF concentration was 7.54 ± 4.342 percent for the CAR/CAR genotype, 9.88 ± 3.558 percent for the BEN/BEN genotype, 8.146 ± 4.631 percent for the CAR/BEN genotype, and 4.180 ± 2.250 percent for the CAR/Atp genotype (P = 0.02), although 1 CAR/CAR individual presented an HbF concentration as high as 15 percent. In view of the ethnic and geographical origin of this population, we did not expect a Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium for CAR/CAR and BEN/BEN homozygous haplotypes and a high proportion of heterozygous CAR/BEN haplotypes since the State of Bahia historically received more slaves from Western Africa than from Central Africa


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Anemia Falciforme , Hemoglobina Fetal , Globinas , Haplótipos , Anemia Falciforme , Benin , Brasil , República Centro-Africana , Hemoglobina Fetal , Genótipo , Immunoblotting , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Senegal
9.
Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. Säo Paulo ; 32(1): 36-40, jan.-fev. 1990. mapas, tab
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: lil-89020

RESUMO

Em 424 amostras de soros examinadas, a prevalência da infecçäo pelo vírus da hepatite B foi de 89,6% com 15,6% de positividade para o HBsAg. Algumas das amostras pertenciam a uma populaçäo aferente e outras a pessoas trabalhando em hospital rural situado na Africa Ocidental (República Popular de Benin). Vinte e sete por cento dos indivíduos soro-positivos evidenciaram replicaçäo do vírus como demonstrado pela presença do HBcAg. Nos indivíduos HBcAb positivos, os anticorpos anti-delta foram positivos em uma freqüência de 19,7%. A presença de HBsAg em 15% das mulheres gestantes eleva a importância da transmissäo de HBV, da mäe para o filho, nesta regiäo. Os resultados apresentados podem ser comparados com aqueles obtidos em outra áreas da Africa, com condiçöes sócio-econômicas semelhantes


Assuntos
Gravidez , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Adolescente , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Hepatite B/epidemiologia , Hepatite D/epidemiologia , Anticorpos Antivirais/análise , Benin/epidemiologia , Doadores de Sangue , Anticorpos Anti-Hepatite B/análise , Antígenos de Superfície da Hepatite B/análise , Hepatite B/diagnóstico , Vírus Delta da Hepatite/imunologia , Hepatite D/diagnóstico , Prevalência
SELEÇÃO DE REFERÊNCIAS
DETALHE DA PESQUISA
...