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1.
J Med Case Rep ; 18(1): 111, 2024 Feb 28.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38414046

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: The origins of pyocele are primarily idiopathic, with reports suggesting the spread from intraperitoneal or hematogenous infection. However, we found no information in the literature regarding the pathogen's spread from the urinary tract. CASE PRESENTATION: We report here a case of a 23-day-old term Iranian boy (Fars ethnicity) with complaints of new-onset fever, irritability, poor feeding, right hemiscrotal erythema, and edema. Moreover, the physical examination revealed an enlarged, erythematous, tender right hemiscrotum and edematous scrotal walls. Along with leukocytosis and elevated C-reactive protein levels, the urine culture indicated an infection with Escherichia coli. However, as the color Doppler ultrasonographic examination was inconclusive, he underwent surgical exploration on which a hydrocele sac with reddish cloudy pus fluid was noted, with its culture indicating growth with the same mentioned pathogen. Therefore, an appropriate antibiotic regimen was administered, and the patient was discharged a few days later after achieving full recovery and demonstrating no urinary tract structural abnormalities. CONCLUSION: In neonatal pyocele, the spectrum of evaluating the source of the infection should also be extended to the urinary tract. Moreover, administering suitable antibiotics would produce favorable results in cases with no structural abnormalities.


Assuntos
Escroto , Infecções Urinárias , Masculino , Recém-Nascido , Humanos , Irã (Geográfico) , Infecções Urinárias/complicações , Infecções Urinárias/tratamento farmacológico , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Edema/diagnóstico
2.
Prague Med Rep ; 125(1): 56-61, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38380454

RESUMO

Neurofibroma of the scrotum is a very uncommon benign neoplasm, specifically when it affects teenagers and is not associated with neurofibromatosis type I. To the best of our knowledge, only a couple of cases of neurofibroma in children have been documented. Here, we report a case study of a 17-year-old boy who had a giant scrotal lump for ten years masquerading clinically as filariasis. A provisional diagnosis of benign nerve sheath neoplasm was made based on cytology findings. The lump was surgically removed from the patient, and a histopathological and immunohistochemistry examination established the diagnosis of neurofibroma. The combined clinical, preoperative cytological, histological, and immunohistochemistry findings were not presented in the literature in any of the formerly documented cases of scrotal neurofibroma. The current case expands the spectrum of differential diagnoses for scrotal tumours that clinicians have previously observed.


Assuntos
Filariose , Neoplasias dos Genitais Masculinos , Infecções por Nematoides , Neurofibroma , Neurofibromatose 1 , Masculino , Adolescente , Criança , Humanos , Escroto/patologia , Neurofibroma/diagnóstico , Neurofibroma/patologia , Neurofibroma/cirurgia , Neurofibromatose 1/complicações , Neurofibromatose 1/patologia , Neoplasias dos Genitais Masculinos/diagnóstico , Neoplasias dos Genitais Masculinos/cirurgia , Neoplasias dos Genitais Masculinos/complicações , Filariose/diagnóstico , Filariose/complicações , Filariose/patologia , Infecções por Nematoides/complicações , Infecções por Nematoides/patologia
4.
Emerg Radiol ; 31(1): 103-111, 2024 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38194213

RESUMO

Computed tomography (CT) may show a variety of scrotal and penile pathologic finding, but is usually not used as a first-line imaging due to its limited soft tissue contrast. Nonetheless, there are three main scenarios for imaging of the scrotum and penis with CT. Pathologies may be found incidentally in patients undergoing abdominal and pelvic CT scanning for different reasons. In emergency settings, CT is frequently performed, and the recognition of scrotal and penile pathologies by the reporting radiologist is crucial to ensure optimal patient treatment and outcome. If MRI scanning cannot be performed due to contraindications or is unavailable in resource, limited CT may be used for the further characterization of scrotal and penile pathology found on ultrasound. This pictorial review wants to familiarize general and emergency radiologists with the anatomy and possible pathological findings of the scrotum and penis on CT.


Assuntos
Pênis , Escroto , Masculino , Humanos , Escroto/diagnóstico por imagem , Pênis/diagnóstico por imagem , Pênis/patologia , Ultrassonografia , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X
5.
Rev Col Bras Cir ; 51: e20243593, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês, Português | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38198355

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: medical training should provide the future professional, in addition to theoretical knowledge, general and specific skills. In urology, urogenital training simulators have been presented as an ally in improving the degree of confidence and development of competencies for undergraduate medical students. METHODS: exploratory descriptive research with a quantitative approach, of an experimental nature, of the randomized controlled type with cross-sectional cut. Conducted with the students of the 4th year of medicine of a Higher Education Institution in the West of Paraná. RESULTS: 91 students attended a theoretical class with a complete explanation of the activities to be performed and answered the initial questionnaire about the degree of confidence to perform tasks in three stations with male urogenital training simulators (prostatic touch, bladder catheterization and scrotal evaluation). Of these, 45 received guidance and training with the simulators prior to the stations, while 46 should demonstrate skills directly in the three stations, mimicking patient care, only with information from the theoretical classes. The students who received previous guidance with the simulators had their scores in the development of competence higher. And, when they repeated the questionnaire about the degree of confidence to demonstrate skills with the mannequins, there was a higher degree of confidence in performing the tasks, except for the execution of a task considered more difficult. CONCLUSION: there was an improvement in the degree of confidence and in the development of competencies of undergraduate medical students with the orientations in the male urogenital training simulators.


Assuntos
Estudantes de Medicina , Masculino , Humanos , Estudos Transversais , Projetos de Pesquisa , Escroto
6.
Anim Biotechnol ; 35(1): 2295928, 2024 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38174897

RESUMO

Scrotal circumference is an important reproductive index of breeding rams, which has a high genetic correlation with ejaculation volume and semen quality. In this study, the scrotal circumference of 1353 male Hu sheep at different stages of development was measured and descriptive statistical analysis was performed. The results showed that the coefficient of variation of scrotal circumference at each stage was greater than 10%, and its heritability were moderately to high, ranging from 0.318 to 0.719. We used PCR amplification and Sanger sequencing to scan the polymorphisms of the IGFALS gene, and performed association analysis with the circumference of the scrotum at different stages. We identified a synonymous mutation g.918 G > C in exon 1 of the IGFALS gene, and this mutation was significantly associated with scrotal circumference at 100, 120, 140, 160 and 180 days (p < 0.05). Therefore, IGFALS gene polymorphism can be used as a molecular marker affecting scrotal circumference of Hu sheep, which can provide a reference for future molecular marker-assisted selection of scrotal circumference in sheep.


Assuntos
Escroto , Análise do Sêmen , Ovinos/genética , Masculino , Animais , Análise do Sêmen/veterinária , Carneiro Doméstico , Reprodução , Polimorfismo Genético/genética
7.
Arch Ital Urol Androl ; 95(4): 12128, 2024 Jan 02.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38193220

RESUMO

PURPOSE: The management of infertile patients with unilateral subclinical varicocele (SCV) and contralateral clinical varicocele (CV) remains controversial. We aimed to evaluate the effect of untreating SCV on the outcome of contralateral clinical varicocelectomy in infertile patients with oligoasthenozoospermia (OA). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Infertile patients with the diagnosis of OA who underwent left varicocelectomy were retrospectively evaluated. While all patients in the study had left clinical varicocele (LCV), some patients had concomitant right SCV. Patients were divided into two groups according to the presence or absence of a right SCV accompanying LCV as group 1; (LCV n = 104) or group 2; (LCV with right SCV, n = 74). Patients were evaluated with spermiogram parameters, pregnancy rates and serum levels of follicle stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, total testosterone at the first year of the follow-up. RESULTS: The mean sperm concentration increased significantly in both groups. However, group 1 showed significantly greater improvement than group 2. The ratio of progressive motile sperm in group 1 was increased significantly whereas no significant change was shown in group 2. Both the spontaneous pregnancy rate and the pregnancy rate with ART were statistically lower in the group of patients with right SCV. No statistically significant difference was detected in serum hormone levels in both groups after varicocelectomy operations. CONCLUSIONS: Untreated right SCV may have adverse impact on the outcomes of left clinical varicocelectomy. In this context, the right testis can be considered in terms of treatment in patients with right SCV accompanying left CV.


Assuntos
Varicocele , Feminino , Gravidez , Humanos , Masculino , Varicocele/complicações , Varicocele/cirurgia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Sêmen , Escroto , Hormônio Luteinizante
8.
Pediatr Ann ; 53(1): e5-e9, 2024 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38194659

RESUMO

Primary care pediatricians, family practitioners, and primary care advanced practice clinicians frequently need to examine male adolescent genitalia as part of a comprehensive physical examination. Although this part of the examination may be uncomfortable for clinicians, taking a structured approach to the examination can mitigate clinicians' apprehension as well as enhance their ability to use this evaluation to identify potential pathology for the patient. Familiarity with the male genitourinary examination will also allow clinicians to definitively identify medical urgencies and emergencies for timely intervention. This review will provide the clinician with a structured approach to the male genitourinary examination while highlighting common pathology that may be encountered during the examination. [Pediatr Ann. 2024;53(1):e5-e9.].


Assuntos
Pênis , Escroto , Adolescente , Masculino , Humanos , Genitália , Pediatras , Exame Físico
9.
Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract ; 40(1): 19-27, 2024 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38245355

RESUMO

breeding soundness for several reasons and at several times during their life span. These include before sale for the reason of affirming their sale ability or before a breeding season to determine their readiness for breeding. Bulls may also be evaluated for diagnostic purposes. The breeding soundness examination (BSE) is universally promoted as an important management tool, but there continues to be a level of inconsistency in its performance. A complete bull BSE consists of a thorough physical examination including internal and external reproductive tract, measurement of the circumference of the scrotum and evaluation of individual sperm motility and morphology.


Assuntos
Motilidade dos Espermatozoides , Espermatozoides , Masculino , Bovinos , Animais , Escroto/anatomia & histologia , Exame Físico , Estações do Ano
10.
Ann Chir Plast Esthet ; 69(1): 92-96, 2024 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37045654

RESUMO

Penoscrotal elephantiasis (PSE) is defined as an increase, sometimes considerable, in the volume of the external genitalia, which will be responsible for an unsightly appearance, a sexological impact and a psychological harm. The cause may be primary or secondary to a parasitic disease (filarsiosis) or to intrinsic or extrinsic lymphatic obstruction. The diagnosis is essentially clinical, with penoscrotal involvement being the most frequent. The etiological research implies the realization of certain complementary examinations according to the circumstances. Surgical treatment ideally consists of excising the mass. followed by reconstruction using grafts or local flaps of healthy skin, which is an important way of restoring comfort to the patient. We report two cases of penoscrotal elephantiasis treated surgically with good functional and aesthetic results. We update, through our own experience, aspects of the diagnostic and therapeutic care of penoscrotal elephantiasis.


Assuntos
Elefantíase , Doenças dos Genitais Masculinos , Masculino , Humanos , Elefantíase/diagnóstico , Elefantíase/etiologia , Elefantíase/cirurgia , Doenças dos Genitais Masculinos/diagnóstico , Doenças dos Genitais Masculinos/cirurgia , Doenças dos Genitais Masculinos/complicações , Escroto/cirurgia , Retalhos Cirúrgicos , Genitália
11.
Urology ; 184: e235-e238, 2024 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37951364

RESUMO

Polyorchidism, the presence of more than two testes, usually presents as a painless scrotal mass or is diagnosed incidentally during the management of another condition.1 It is a rare congenital abnormality with approximately 200 reported cases in the literature. Most cases are found on the left side within the scrotum. We report a case of right-sided polyorchidism in a 9-year-old patient found incidentally during inguinal orchiopexy. As there is debate on the management of polyorchidism, a careful approach is required as the surgeon must decide between either scrotal fixation or the removal of the supernumerary testis. This case report will discuss the anatomical and clinical considerations when making this decision.


Assuntos
Orquidopexia , Doenças Testiculares , Masculino , Humanos , Criança , Doenças Testiculares/cirurgia , Escroto/cirurgia , Técnicas Histológicas
12.
Childs Nerv Syst ; 40(1): 19-25, 2024 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37857859

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: The incidence of scrotal migration of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS) catheter is rare and may lead to life-threatening visceral complications. Management requires prompt removal of the migrated portion of the shunt and closure of the scrotal sac. We report an interesting case of a young child who presented with asymptomatic unilateral swelling of his scrotum secondary to a migrated VPS catheter. A repeat X-ray prior to his surgery to remove the migrated catheter showed that the entire length of the distal VPS catheter was back in the peritoneal cavity. In view of this unusual phenomenon, the case is discussed in corroboration with published literature. METHODS AND RESULTS: A systematic search of publications in the English language is performed in PubMed and Google Scholar. Our findings show that there are 49 reported cases (including our patient) of scrotal migration of shunt catheters in patients less than 18 years old. There is only 1 other case of spontaneous resolution of shunt catheter from the scrotum. Favoured management of choice is repositioning the distal shunt catheter back into the peritoneal cavity and herniotomy in the same setting, if possible. Overall, the literature suggests this is a shunt-related complication that has a good prognosis if intervention is timely. CONCLUSION: Scrotal migration of a VPS catheter is a rare but potentially life-threatening complication in children. Our case report highlights the role of updated preoperative imaging and the need for consistent long-term shunt surveillance in children.


Assuntos
Migração de Corpo Estranho , Hidrocefalia , Masculino , Criança , Humanos , Adolescente , Escroto/cirurgia , Derivação Ventriculoperitoneal/efeitos adversos , Peritônio , Remissão Espontânea , Hidrocefalia/cirurgia , Cateteres/efeitos adversos , Migração de Corpo Estranho/diagnóstico por imagem , Migração de Corpo Estranho/etiologia , Migração de Corpo Estranho/cirurgia
14.
J Med Ultrason (2001) ; 51(1): 133-138, 2024 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37994998

RESUMO

PURPOSE: Testicular torsion requires emergency surgery; thus, prompt and correct diagnosis is very important. Ultrasound with color Doppler is usually the first-choice modality for diagnosis; however, skill and experience are required for confident diagnosis. Recently, contrast-enhanced ultrasound for the diagnosis of testicular torsion has been reported, but there have been only a few reports. This study aimed to compare contrast-enhanced ultrasound findings in cases of testicular torsion and non-testicular torsion. METHODS: Patients who underwent contrast-enhanced ultrasound for acute scrotum at our institution between April 2010 and January 2023 were divided into testicular torsion (n = 17) and non-testicular torsion (n = 16) groups. The respective contrast-enhanced ultrasound findings were retrospectively examined and compared. RESULTS: In 16 out of 17 cases of testicular torsion, the parenchyma of the affected testis was not enhanced. In the remaining case, reduced contrast enhancement was observed; however, it was still notably less than that observed on the unaffected testis. On the other hand, in all cases of non-testicular torsion (n = 16), the parenchyma of the affected testis was notably enhanced. CONCLUSION: Contrast-enhanced ultrasound is considered an easy and accurate method for diagnosing testicular torsion.


Assuntos
Torção do Cordão Espermático , Masculino , Humanos , Torção do Cordão Espermático/diagnóstico por imagem , Estudos Retrospectivos , Testículo/diagnóstico por imagem , Escroto/diagnóstico por imagem , Ultrassonografia
15.
Asian J Surg ; 47(2): 1178-1179, 2024 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38036349
16.
Microsc Res Tech ; 87(2): 403-407, 2024 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37877624

RESUMO

The histology of blood vessels shows they are structured in three layers or tunics: tunica intima, which includes the internal limiting lamina with high elastin content; tunica media of smooth muscles fibers of circular disposition, which includes the external limiting lamina; and tunica adventitia of connective tissue. The vascular system is essential in regulating body temperature, especially in the scrotum and testis. This study aimed to analyze the histology of the scrotal arteries and their possible relationship to testicular temperature homeostasis. This study used scrotal samples from human adults, anonymized and obtained from the University of Chile's teaching bank. The control group corresponds to an arteriole of muscle tissue. The results show that the middle layer of the scrotal artery is made up of smooth muscle fibers distributed in two layers: a longitudinal inner sublayer and a circular outer sublayer, different from the findings in muscle tissue arteries, with a single, circularly arranged muscle layer. This arrangement could be related to testicular temperature homeostasis by reducing the temperature of the testis and seminiferous tubules. The results described in this work suggest that these anatomical adaptations may be very significant in the face of the constant increase in global temperature. Further and better research is required to understand the mechanisms of thermoregulation in human reproduction and the histological particularities of the tissues that form the scrotum. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: The human scrotal artery has a histological composition adapted for regulation of testicular temperature. The muscular double middle layer of the scrotal artery retains intravascular temperature.


Assuntos
Túnica Adventícia , Escroto , Masculino , Adulto , Humanos , Escroto/fisiologia , Biodiversidade , Temperatura , Testículo/fisiologia , Artérias/fisiologia , Regulação da Temperatura Corporal/fisiologia
17.
Birth Defects Res ; 116(1): e2270, 2024 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37929661

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Penoscrotal transposition (PST) is an uncommon urogenital malformation in which the penis is mal-positioned to be inferior to the scrotum. The purpose of this study was to explore PST risk by maternal characteristics and to describe co-occurring congenital abnormalities in the Texas Birth Defects Registry (TBDR). METHODS: We conducted a population-based descriptive study examining occurrence of PST in the TBDR between 1999 and 2019. The primary outcome variable was PST diagnosis during infancy. Descriptive variables included maternal age, education, and race/ethnicity. Prevalence ratios (PRs) were calculated within each maternal variable category using Poisson regression. Counts and percentages of cases with select co-occurring congenital abnormalities were also calculated. RESULTS: Overall, 251 infants had PST, providing a prevalence of 0.61/10,000 live male births (95% CI: 0.53-0.68). PST prevalence was significantly lower among infants of mothers who had lower educational attainment (high school), who were younger (<25 vs. 25-34), and who were Hispanic (vs. non-Hispanic White) and was significantly higher among older mothers (35+ vs. 25-39). Hypospadias was the most common co-occurring genitourinary anomaly, affecting close to 70% of cases. CONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge, this is the first investigation exploring the prevalence of PST in a population-based birth defects registry. Our findings help to understand the risk for PST among select maternal demographic characteristics and may assist in generating hypotheses about the underlying etiology of this condition for future work.


Assuntos
Anormalidades Múltiplas , Escroto , Doenças Uretrais , Anormalidades Urogenitais , Lactente , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Escroto/anormalidades , Texas/epidemiologia , Pênis/anormalidades , Estudos Epidemiológicos , Sistema de Registros
20.
J Med Ultrason (2001) ; 51(1): 125-131, 2024 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37864611

RESUMO

PURPOSE: Torsion of the appendix testis or epididymis is a cause of acute scrotum in children. Ultrasonography with color Doppler is the first-choice modality for diagnosis. However, this method requires skill and experience to make a diagnosis with confidence. Recently, contrast-enhanced ultrasonography for diagnosis in various fields has been reported. However, to our knowledge, there has been no report of this method being used to diagnose torsion of the appendix testis or epididymis. The purpose of this study was to retrospectively examine contrast-enhanced ultrasonographic findings in torsion of the appendix testis or epididymis. METHODS: Patients who underwent contrast-enhanced ultrasonography for torsion of the appendix testis or epididymis at our institution between April 2010 and April 2023 were enrolled in this study (n = 12). Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography findings of the affected appendage and the testis parenchyma were examined retrospectively. RESULTS: The parenchyma of the testes was notably enhanced in all the cases. However, 9 of the 12 cases showed that the appendage with torsion was not enhanced at all. In the remaining three cases, only slight enhancement was seen. Nevertheless, it was notably less than that of the parenchyma of the testis. CONCLUSION: Our findings indicated that contrast-enhanced ultrasonography may be an easy and reliable method for diagnosing torsion of the appendix testis or epididymis.


Assuntos
Apêndice , Torção do Cordão Espermático , Criança , Masculino , Humanos , Testículo/diagnóstico por imagem , Testículo/cirurgia , Epididimo/diagnóstico por imagem , Epididimo/cirurgia , Torção do Cordão Espermático/diagnóstico por imagem , Torção do Cordão Espermático/cirurgia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Escroto
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