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1.
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci ; 65(3): 6, 2024 Mar 05.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38466285

RESUMO

Purpose: Isolating extracellular vesicles (EVs) with high yield, replicable purity, and characterization remains a bottleneck in the development of EV therapeutics. To address these challenges, the current study aims to establish the necessary framework for preclinical and clinical studies in the development of stem cell-derived intraocular EV therapeutics. Methods: Small EVs (sEVs) were separated from the conditioned cell culture medium (CCM) of the human embryogenic stem cell-derived fully polarized retinal pigment epithelium (hESC-RPE-sEV) by a commercially available microfluidic tangential flow filtration (TFF) device ExoDisc (ED) or differential ultracentrifugation (dUC). The scaling and concentration capabilities and purity of recovered sEVs were assessed. Size, number, and surface markers of sEVs were determined by orthogonal approaches using multiple devices. Results: ED yielded higher numbers of sEVs, ranging from three to eight times higher depending on the measurement device, compared to dUC using the same 5 mL of CCM input. Within the same setting, the purity of ED-recovered hESC-RPE-sEVs was higher than that for dUC-recovered sEVs. ED yielded a higher concentration of particles, which is strongly correlated with the input volume, up to 10 mL (r = 0.98, P = 0.016). Meanwhile, comprehensive characterization profiles of EV surface markers between ED- and dUC-recovered hESC-RPE-sEVs were compatible. Conclusions: Our study supports TFF as a valuable strategy for separating sEVs for the development of intraocular EV therapeutics. However, there is a growing need for diverse devices to optimize TFF for use in EV preparation. Using orthogonal approaches in EV characterization remains ideal for reliably characterizing heterogeneous EV.


Assuntos
Vesículas Extracelulares , Células-Tronco Embrionárias Humanas , Humanos , Meios de Cultivo Condicionados , Filtração , Epitélio Pigmentado da Retina
2.
Stem Cell Res ; 76: 103343, 2024 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38428348

RESUMO

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a fatal X-linked recessive disorder, which is caused mostly by frame-disrupting, out-of-frame variation in the dystrophin (DMD) gene. Loss-of- function mutations are the most common type of mutation in DMD, accounting for approximately 60-90% of all DMD variations. In this study, we used adenine base editing to generate a human embryonic stem cell line with splice-site mutations to mimic exon deletion variants in clinical Duchenne muscular dystrophy patients. This cell line has differentiation potential and a normal karyotypic.


Assuntos
Células-Tronco Embrionárias Humanas , Distrofia Muscular de Duchenne , Humanos , Distrofina/genética , Distrofina/metabolismo , Distrofia Muscular de Duchenne/genética , Distrofia Muscular de Duchenne/metabolismo , Edição de Genes , Sistemas CRISPR-Cas/genética , Repetições Palindrômicas Curtas Agrupadas e Regularmente Espaçadas , Células-Tronco Embrionárias Humanas/metabolismo , Éxons/genética , Linhagem Celular , Mutação/genética
3.
Stem Cell Res ; 76: 103376, 2024 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38452706

RESUMO

The ISL LIM homeobox 1 (ISL1) gene belongs to the LIM/homeodomain transcription factor family and plays a pivotal role in conveying multipotent and proliferative properties of cardiac precursor cells. Mutations in ISL1 are linked to congenital heart disease. To further explore ISL1's role in the human heart, we have created a homozygous ISL1 knockout (ISL1-KO) human embryonic stem cell line using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. Notably, this ISL1-KO cell line retains normal morphology, pluripotency, and karyotype. This resource serves as a valuable tool for investigating ISL1's function in cardiomyocyte differentiation.


Assuntos
Sistemas CRISPR-Cas , Células-Tronco Embrionárias Humanas , Humanos , Sistemas CRISPR-Cas/genética , Fatores de Transcrição/genética , Fatores de Transcrição/metabolismo , Linhagem Celular , Coração , Células-Tronco Embrionárias/metabolismo , Células-Tronco Embrionárias Humanas/metabolismo , Proteínas com Homeodomínio LIM/genética
4.
Stem Cell Res Ther ; 15(1): 58, 2024 Mar 03.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38433223

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: Currently, no approved stem cell-based therapies for preserving ovarian function during aging. To solve this problem, we developed a long-term treatment for human embryonic stem cell-derived mesenchymal progenitor cells (hESC-MPCs). We investigated whether the cells retained their ability to resist ovarian aging, which leads to delayed reproductive senescence. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In a middle-aged female model undergoing natural aging, we analyzed whether hESC-MPCs benefit the long-term maintenance of reproductive fecundity and ovarian reservoirs and how their transplantation regulates ovarian function. RESULTS: The number of primordial follicles and mice with regular estrous cycles were increased in perimenopausal mice who underwent multiple introductions of hESC-MPCs compared to age-matched controls. The estradiol levels in the hESC-MPCs group were restored to those in the young and adult groups. Embryonic development and live birth rates were higher in the hESC-MPC group than in the control group, suggesting that hESC-MPCs delayed ovarian senescence. In addition to their direct effects on the ovary, multiple-treatments with hESC-MPCs reduced ovarian fibrosis by downregulating inflammation and fibrosis-related genes via the suppression of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) produced in the bone marrow. CONCLUSIONS: Multiple introductions of hESC-MPCs could be a useful approach to prevent female reproductive senescence and that these cells are promising sources for cell therapy to postpone the ovarian aging and retain fecundity in perimenopausal women.


Assuntos
Células-Tronco Embrionárias Humanas , Células-Tronco Mesenquimais , Adulto , Gravidez , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Feminino , Humanos , Animais , Camundongos , Perimenopausa , Fertilidade , Envelhecimento , Fibrose
5.
Stem Cell Res Ther ; 15(1): 31, 2024 Feb 05.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38317221

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Transcription factors HAND1 and HAND2 (HAND1/2) play significant roles in cardiac organogenesis. Abnormal expression and deficiency of HAND1/2 result in severe cardiac defects. However, the function and mechanism of HAND1/2 in regulating human early cardiac lineage commitment and differentiation are still unclear. METHODS: With NKX2.5eGFP H9 human embryonic stem cells (hESCs), we established single and double knockout cell lines for HAND1 and HAND2, respectively, whose cardiomyocyte differentiation efficiency could be monitored by assessing NKX2.5-eGFP+ cells with flow cytometry. The expression of specific markers for heart fields and cardiomyocyte subtypes was examined by quantitative PCR, western blot and immunofluorescence staining. Microelectrode array and whole-cell patch clamp were performed to determine the electrophysiological characteristics of differentiated cardiomyocytes. The transcriptomic changes of HAND knockout cells were revealed by RNA sequencing. The HAND1/2 target genes were identified and validated experimentally by integrating with HAND1/2 chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing data. RESULTS: Either HAND1 or HAND2 knockout did not affect the cardiomyocyte differentiation kinetics, whereas depletion of HAND1/2 resulted in delayed differentiation onset. HAND1 knockout biased cardiac mesoderm toward second heart field progenitors at the expense of first heart field progenitors, leading to increased expression of atrial and outflow tract cardiomyocyte markers, which was further confirmed by the appearance of atrial-like action potentials. By contrast, HAND2 knockout cardiomyocytes had reduced expression of atrial cardiomyocyte markers and displayed ventricular-like action potentials. HAND1/2-deficient hESCs were more inclined to second heart field lineage and its derived cardiomyocytes with atrial-like action potentials than HAND1 single knockout during differentiation. Further mechanistic investigations suggested TBX5 as one of the downstream targets of HAND1/2, whose overexpression partially restored the abnormal cardiomyocyte differentiation in HAND1/2-deficient hESCs. CONCLUSIONS: HAND1/2 have specific and redundant roles in cardiac lineage commitment and differentiation. These findings not only reveal the essential function of HAND1/2 in cardiac organogenesis, but also provide important information on the pathogenesis of HAND1/2 deficiency-related congenital heart diseases, which could potentially lead to new therapeutic strategies.


Assuntos
Fatores de Transcrição Hélice-Alça-Hélice Básicos , Células-Tronco Embrionárias Humanas , Humanos , Fatores de Transcrição Hélice-Alça-Hélice Básicos/genética , Fatores de Transcrição Hélice-Alça-Hélice Básicos/metabolismo , Diferenciação Celular/genética , Miócitos Cardíacos/metabolismo , Fatores de Transcrição/genética , Fatores de Transcrição/metabolismo , Células-Tronco Embrionárias Humanas/metabolismo
6.
Int J Biol Sci ; 20(4): 1142-1159, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38385086

RESUMO

Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) can proliferate infinitely (self-renewal) and give rise to almost all types of somatic cells (pluripotency). Hence, understanding the molecular mechanism of pluripotency regulation is important for applications of hESCs in regenerative medicine. Here we report that PATZ1 is a key factor that regulates pluripotency and metabolism in hESCs. We found that depletion of PATZ1 is associated with rapid downregulation of master pluripotency genes and prominent deceleration of cell growth. We also revealed that PATZ1 regulates hESC pluripotency though binding the regulatory regions of OCT4 and NANOG. In addition, we demonstrated PATZ1 is a key node in the OCT4/NANOG transcriptional network. We further revealed that PATZ1 is essential for cell growth in hESCs. Importantly, we discovered that depletion of PATZ1 drives hESCs to exploit glycolysis which energetically compensates for the mitochondrial dysfunction. Overall, our study establishes the fundamental role of PATZ1 in regulating pluripotency in hESCs. Moreover, PATZ1 is essential for maintaining a steady metabolic homeostasis to refine the stemness of hESCs.


Assuntos
Células-Tronco Embrionárias Humanas , Células-Tronco Pluripotentes , Humanos , Células-Tronco Embrionárias Humanas/metabolismo , Células-Tronco Pluripotentes/metabolismo , Zinco , Motivos AT-Hook , Diferenciação Celular/genética , Fatores de Transcrição/metabolismo , Dedos de Zinco , Proteínas Repressoras/metabolismo , Fatores de Transcrição Kruppel-Like/metabolismo
7.
Nature ; 626(8000): 881-890, 2024 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38297124

RESUMO

The pace of human brain development is highly protracted compared with most other species1-7. The maturation of cortical neurons is particularly slow, taking months to years to develop adult functions3-5. Remarkably, such protracted timing is retained in cortical neurons derived from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) during in vitro differentiation or upon transplantation into the mouse brain4,8,9. Those findings suggest the presence of a cell-intrinsic clock setting the pace of neuronal maturation, although the molecular nature of this clock remains unknown. Here we identify an epigenetic developmental programme that sets the timing of human neuronal maturation. First, we developed a hPSC-based approach to synchronize the birth of cortical neurons in vitro which enabled us to define an atlas of morphological, functional and molecular maturation. We observed a slow unfolding of maturation programmes, limited by the retention of specific epigenetic factors. Loss of function of several of those factors in cortical neurons enables precocious maturation. Transient inhibition of EZH2, EHMT1 and EHMT2 or DOT1L, at progenitor stage primes newly born neurons to rapidly acquire mature properties upon differentiation. Thus our findings reveal that the rate at which human neurons mature is set well before neurogenesis through the establishment of an epigenetic barrier in progenitor cells. Mechanistically, this barrier holds transcriptional maturation programmes in a poised state that is gradually released to ensure the prolonged timeline of human cortical neuron maturation.


Assuntos
Epigênese Genética , Regulação da Expressão Gênica no Desenvolvimento , Células-Tronco Embrionárias Humanas , Células-Tronco Neurais , Neurogênese , Neurônios , Adulto , Animais , Humanos , Camundongos , Antígenos de Histocompatibilidade/metabolismo , Histona-Lisina N-Metiltransferase/antagonistas & inibidores , Histona-Lisina N-Metiltransferase/metabolismo , Células-Tronco Embrionárias Humanas/citologia , Células-Tronco Embrionárias Humanas/metabolismo , Células-Tronco Neurais/citologia , Células-Tronco Neurais/metabolismo , Neurogênese/genética , Neurônios/citologia , Neurônios/metabolismo , Fatores de Tempo , Transcrição Gênica
8.
Cell Mol Life Sci ; 81(1): 38, 2024 Jan 12.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38214772

RESUMO

During in vitro culture, human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) often acquire survival advantages characterized by decreased susceptibility to mitochondrial cell death, known as "culture adaptation." This adaptation is associated with genetic and epigenetic abnormalities, including TP53 mutations, copy number variations, trisomy, and methylation changes. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying this acquired survival advantage is crucial for safe hPSC-based cell therapies. Through transcriptome and methylome analysis, we discovered that the epigenetic repression of CHCHD2, a mitochondrial protein, is a common occurrence during in vitro culture using enzymatic dissociation. We confirmed this finding through genetic perturbation and reconstitution experiments in normal human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). Loss of CHCHD2 expression conferred resistance to single cell dissociation-induced cell death, a common stress encountered during in vitro culture. Importantly, we found that the downregulation of CHCHD2 significantly attenuates the activity of Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK), which is responsible for inducing single cell death in hESCs. This suggests that hESCs may survive routine enzyme-based cell dissociation by downregulating CHCHD2 and thereby attenuating ROCK activity. These findings provide insights into the mechanisms by which hPSCs acquire survival advantages and adapt to in vitro culture conditions.


Assuntos
Células-Tronco Embrionárias Humanas , Células-Tronco Pluripotentes , Humanos , Linhagem Celular , Repressão Epigenética , Variações do Número de Cópias de DNA , Células-Tronco Embrionárias Humanas/metabolismo , Diferenciação Celular , Sobrevivência Celular , Proteínas de Ligação a DNA/genética , Proteínas de Ligação a DNA/metabolismo , Fatores de Transcrição/genética , Fatores de Transcrição/metabolismo
9.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf ; 270: 115945, 2024 Jan 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38183750

RESUMO

Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), an endocrine-disrupting chemical pollutant, affects embryonic heart development; however, the mechanisms underlying its toxicity have not been fully elucidated. Here, Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) was used to investigate the overall effects of PFOS on myocardial differentiation from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). Additionally, apoptosis, mitochondrial membrane potential, and ATP assays were performed. Downregulated cardiogenesis-related genes and inhibited cardiac differentiation were observed after PFOS exposure in vitro. The percentages of cardiomyocyte and cardiac progenitor cell clusters decreased significantly following exposure to PFOS, while the proportion of primitive endoderm cell was increased in PFOS group. Moreover, PFOS inhibited myocardial differentiation and blocked cellular development at the early- and middle-stage. A Gene Ontology analysis and pseudo-time trajectory illustrated that PFOS disturbed multiple processes related to cardiogenesis and oxidative phosphorylation in the mitochondria. Furthermore, PFOS decreased mitochondrial membrane potential and induced apoptosis. These results offer meaningful insights into the cardiogenic toxicity of PFOS exposure during heart formation as well as the adverse effects of PFOS on mitochondria.


Assuntos
Ácidos Alcanossulfônicos , Fluorocarbonos , Células-Tronco Embrionárias Humanas , Doenças Mitocondriais , Humanos , Fluorocarbonos/toxicidade , Fluorocarbonos/metabolismo , Miócitos Cardíacos , Análise de Sequência de RNA , Doenças Mitocondriais/metabolismo , Ácidos Alcanossulfônicos/toxicidade , Ácidos Alcanossulfônicos/metabolismo
10.
Exp Dermatol ; 33(1): e15004, 2024 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38284190

RESUMO

The study investigated the effectiveness of EDN1 and EDN3 cytokines in the differentiation of melanocytes from hESCs. The findings showed that 100 nM EDN1 was more effective in promoting hESC to CD117+/TYR+ melanoblasts compared to 100 nM EDN3. Additionally, maintaining melanoblasts is beneficial for preserving the ability to proliferate. The study found that 10 nM EDN1 helped maintain the proliferation of melanoblasts without over maturing them into melanocytes in the late stage of differentiation. Thus, using 100 nM EDN1 in the initial stage and 10 nM EDN1 in the late stage proved to be an efficient and cost-effective method for obtaining hESC-derived melanocytes. The preliminary results suggest that EDN1 promotes melanoblast formation during the initial differentiation stage through its binding to both the EDNRB receptor and EDNRA receptor. This study provides a valuable tool for studying the development of human melanocytes and modelling the biology of disease.


Assuntos
Endotelina-1 , Células-Tronco Embrionárias Humanas , Humanos , Endotelina-1/metabolismo , Melanócitos/metabolismo , Diferenciação Celular
11.
Cell Transplant ; 33: 9636897231218383, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38173232

RESUMO

Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are advantaged sources for large-scale and homogeneous mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) generation. However, due to the limitations in high-efficiency procedures for hESC-MSCs induction, the systematic and detailed information of mesengenesis and early MSC development are largely obscure. In this study, we took advantage of the well-established twist-related protein 1 (TWIST1)-overexpressing hESCs and two small molecular cocktails (CHIR99021, decitabine) for high-efficient MSC induction. To assess the multidimensional biological and transcriptomic characteristics, we turned to cellular and molecular methods, such as flow cytometry (FCM), quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), in vitro tri-lineage differentiation, cytokine secretion analysis, in vivo transplantation for acute liver injury (ALI) management, and bioinformatics analyses (eg, gene ontology-biological processes [GO-BP], Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes [KEGG], HeatMap, and principal component analysis [PCA]). By combining TWIST1 overexpression (denoted as T) and the indicated small molecular cocktails (denoted as S), hESCs high-efficiently differentiated into MSCs (denoted as TS-MSCs, induced by T and S combination) within 2 weeks. TS-MSCs satisfied the criteria for MSC definition and revealed comparable tri-lineage differentiation potential and ameliorative efficacy upon ALI mice. According to RNA-sequencing (SEQ) analysis, we originally illuminated the gradual variations in gene expression pattern and the concomitant biofunctions of the programmed hESC-MSCs. Overall, our data indicated the feasibility of high-efficient generation of hESC-MSCs by TWIST1 and cocktail-based programming. The generated hESC-MSCs revealed multifaceted in vivo and in vitro biofunctions as adult BM-MSCs, which collectively suggested promising prospects in ALI management in future.


Assuntos
Células-Tronco Embrionárias Humanas , Transplante de Células-Tronco Mesenquimais , Células-Tronco Mesenquimais , Humanos , Camundongos , Animais , Camundongos SCID , Camundongos Endogâmicos NOD , Diferenciação Celular , Fígado , Transplante de Células-Tronco Mesenquimais/métodos
12.
Cell Stem Cell ; 31(1): 5-6, 2024 01 04.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38181750

RESUMO

Stem cell therapy for Parkinson's disease requires demonstration of safety and efficacy of dopaminergic cells derived from a cell line, consideration of dose, and whether this is deliverable at scale. Park et al. demonstrate these requirements for a new hESC line and that their manufacturing methods allow for its scalability.


Assuntos
Células-Tronco Embrionárias Humanas , Doença de Parkinson , Humanos , Doença de Parkinson/terapia , Neurônios Dopaminérgicos , Linhagem Celular , Comércio
13.
Reprod Sci ; 31(3): 727-735, 2024 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37884729

RESUMO

As a core transcriptional factor regulating pluripotency, Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) has gained much attention in the field of stem cells during the past decades. However, few research have focused on the function of KLF4 during human primordial germ cell (PGC) specification. Here, we induced human PGC-like cells (hPGCLCs) from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and the derived hPGCLCs upregulated PGC-related genes, like SOX17, BLIMP1, TFAP2C, NANOS3, and the naïve pluripotency gene KLF4. The KLF4-knockout hESCs formed typical multicellular colonies with clear borders, expressed pluripotency genes, such as NANOG, OCT4, and SOX2, and exhibited no differences in proliferation capacity compared with wild type hESCs. Notably, KLF4 deletion in hESCs did not influence the induction of PGCLCs in vitro. In contrast, overexpression of KLF4 during PGC induction process inhibited the efficiency of PGCLC formation from hESCs in vitro. Overexpression of KLF4 may regenerate the naïve ground state in hESCs and results in repression for PGC specification. Thus, KLF4 could be a downstream target of human PGC program and the upregulation of KLF4 is prepared for late stage of germline development.


Assuntos
Células-Tronco Embrionárias Humanas , Humanos , Células-Tronco Embrionárias Humanas/metabolismo , Fator 4 Semelhante a Kruppel , Fatores de Transcrição/genética , Fatores de Transcrição/metabolismo , Células Germinativas/metabolismo , Genes Homeobox , Diferenciação Celular
14.
Stem Cells Transl Med ; 13(2): 166-176, 2024 Feb 14.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37995322

RESUMO

Cholangiocytes form a complex 3D network of bile ducts in the liver and contribute to liver function. The damage or destruction of cholangiocytes can lead to biliary diseases, and the shortage of cholangiocytes remains an obstacle for drug development targeting biliary diseases. Valproic acid (VPA) is a potent activator of Notch signaling pathway that is essential for cholangiocyte differentiation. Here, we report a VPA-based approach for cholangiocyte differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells. VPA activated Notch2 expression and upregulated HES-1, HEY-1, and Sox9 gene expression in hESC-derived hepatoblast. After 7 days treatment, VPA promoted successful differentiation of hepatoblast into cholangiocytes expressing cholangiocyte marker genes (AE2, AQP1, CFTR) and proteins (CK19 and CK7). In addition, the differentiated cholangiocytes formed bile duct-like structures after implantation into the spleen of NOD/SCID mice. Our results suggested that VPA can promote hESC differentiation to cholangiocyte-like cells. The induced cholangiocytes may serve as a potential cell source for both in vitro modeling and regenerative therapy of cholangiopathies. The findings can also support further development of small-molecule based differentiation protocols for cholangiocyte production.


Assuntos
Células-Tronco Embrionárias Humanas , Camundongos , Animais , Humanos , Ácido Valproico/farmacologia , Camundongos Endogâmicos NOD , Camundongos SCID , Células Epiteliais
15.
J Cell Physiol ; 239(1): 152-165, 2024 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37991435

RESUMO

Polycomb repressive complexes (PRCs) play critical roles in cell fate decisions during normal development as well as disease progression through mediating histone modifications such as H3K27me3 and H2AK119ub. How exactly PRCs recruited to chromatin remains to be fully illuminated. Here, we report that YTHDF1, the N6-methyladenine (m6 A) RNA reader that was previously known to be mainly cytoplasmic, associates with RNF2, a PRC1 protein that mediates H2AK119ub in human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). A portion of YTHDF1 localizes in the nuclei and associates with RNF2/H2AK119ub on a subset of gene loci related to neural development functions. Knock-down YTHDF1 attenuates H2AK119ub modification on these genes and promotes neural differentiation in hESCs. Our findings provide a noncanonical mechanism that YTHDF1 participates in PRC1 functions in hESCs.


Assuntos
Proteínas de Ciclo Celular , Células-Tronco Embrionárias Humanas , Proteínas de Ligação a RNA , Humanos , Proteínas de Ciclo Celular/genética , Proteínas de Ciclo Celular/metabolismo , Cromatina , Células-Tronco Embrionárias Humanas/metabolismo , Complexo Repressor Polycomb 1/genética , Complexo Repressor Polycomb 1/metabolismo , Proteínas do Grupo Polycomb/genética , Proteínas do Grupo Polycomb/metabolismo , Processamento de Proteína Pós-Traducional , Proteínas de Ligação a RNA/genética , Proteínas de Ligação a RNA/metabolismo , Histonas/genética , Histonas/metabolismo
16.
J Proteome Res ; 23(1): 40-51, 2024 Jan 05.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37993262

RESUMO

Differentiated multipotent pancreatic progenitors have major advantages for both modeling pancreas development and preventing or treating diabetes. Despite significant advancements in inducing the differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells into insulin-producing cells, the complete mechanism governing proliferation and differentiation remains poorly understood. This study used large-scale mass spectrometry to characterize molecular processes at various stages of human embryonic stem cell (hESC) differentiation toward pancreatic progenitors. hESCs were induced into pancreatic progenitor cells in a five-stage differentiation protocol. A high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry platform was used to undertake comprehensive proteome and phosphoproteome profiling of cells at different stages. A series of bioinformatic explorations, including coregulated modules, gene regulatory networks, and phosphosite enrichment analysis, were then conducted. A total of 27,077 unique phosphorylated sites and 8122 proteins were detected, including several cyclin-dependent kinases at the initial stage of cell differentiation. Furthermore, we discovered that ERK1, a member of the MAPK cascade, contributed to proliferation at an early stage. Finally, Western blotting confirmed that the phosphosites from SIRT1 and CHEK1 could inhibit the corresponding substrate abundance in the late stage. Thus, this study extends our understanding of the molecular mechanism during pancreatic cell development.


Assuntos
Células-Tronco Embrionárias Humanas , Células-Tronco Pluripotentes , Humanos , Proteômica/métodos , Diferenciação Celular/genética , Pâncreas/metabolismo , Células-Tronco Pluripotentes/metabolismo
17.
Differentiation ; 135: 100738, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38008592

RESUMO

Growing evidence has shown that besides the protein coding genes, the non-coding elements of the genome are indispensable for maintaining the property of self-renewal in human embryonic stem cells and in cell fate determination. However, the regulatory mechanisms and the landscape of interactions between the coding and non-coding elements is poorly understood. In this work, we used weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) on transcriptomic data retrieved from RNA-seq and small RNA-seq experiments and reconstructed the core human pluripotency network (called PluriMLMiNet) consisting of 375 mRNA, 57 lncRNA and 207 miRNAs. Furthermore, we derived networks specific to the naïve and primed states of human pluripotency (called NaiveMLMiNet and PrimedMLMiNet respectively) that revealed a set of molecular markers (RPS6KA1, ZYG11A, ZNF695, ZNF273, and NLRP2 for naive state, and RAB34, TMEM178B, PTPRZ1, USP44, KIF1A and LRRN1 for primed state) which can be used to distinguish the pluripotent state from the non-pluripotent state and also to identify the intra-pluripotency states (i.e., naïve and primed state). The lncRNA DANT1 was found to be a crucial as it formed a bridge between the naive and primed state-specific networks. Analysis of the genes neighbouring DANT1 suggested its possible role as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) for the induction and maintenance of human pluripotency. This was computationally validated by predicting the missing DANT1-miRNA interactions to complete the ceRNA circuit. Here we first report that DANT1 might harbour binding sites for miRNAs hsa-miR-30c-2-3p, hsa-miR-210-3p and hsa-let-7b-5p which may influence pluripotency.


Assuntos
Células-Tronco Embrionárias Humanas , MicroRNAs , RNA Longo não Codificante , Humanos , RNA Longo não Codificante/genética , RNA Longo não Codificante/metabolismo , RNA Mensageiro/genética , Células-Tronco Embrionárias Humanas/metabolismo , MicroRNAs/genética , MicroRNAs/metabolismo , Perfilação da Expressão Gênica , Redes Reguladoras de Genes/genética , Proteínas de Ciclo Celular/metabolismo , Cinesinas/genética , Cinesinas/metabolismo , Proteínas Tirosina Fosfatases Classe 5 Semelhantes a Receptores/genética , Proteínas Tirosina Fosfatases Classe 5 Semelhantes a Receptores/metabolismo , Ubiquitina Tiolesterase/genética , Ubiquitina Tiolesterase/metabolismo
18.
Reprod Sci ; 31(1): 173-189, 2024 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37658178

RESUMO

Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) cultured in media containing bone morphogenic protein 4 (BMP4; B) differentiate into trophoblast-like cells. Supplementing media with inhibitors of activin/nodal signaling (A83-01) and of fibroblast growth factor 2 (PD173074) suppresses mesoderm and endoderm formation and improves specification of trophoblast-like lineages, but with variable effectiveness. We compared differentiation in four BMP4-containing media: mTeSR1-BMP4 only, mTeSR1-BAP, basal medium with BAP (basal-BAP), and a newly defined medium, E7-BAP. These media variably drive early differentiation towards trophoblast-like lineages with upregulation of early trophoblast markers CDX2 and KRT7 and downregulation of pluripotency markers (OCT4 and NANOG). As expected, based on differences between media in FGF2 and its inhibitors, downregulation of mesendoderm marker EOMES was variable between media. By day 7, only hESCs grown in E7-BAP or basal-BAP expressed HLA-G protein, indicating the presence of cells with extravillous trophoblast characteristics. Expression of HLA-G and other differentiation markers (hCG, KRT7, and GCM1) was highest in basal-BAP, suggesting a faster differentiation in this medium, but those cultures were more inhomogeneous and still expressed some endodermal and pluripotency markers. In E7-BAP, HLA-G expression increased later and was lower. There was also a low but maintained expression of some C19MC miRNAs, with more CpG hypomethylation of the ELF5 promoter, suggesting that E7-BAP cultures differentiate slower along the trophoblast lineage. We conclude that while all protocols drive differentiation into trophoblast lineages with varying efficiency, they have advantages and disadvantages that must be considered when selecting a protocol for specific experiments.


Assuntos
Células-Tronco Embrionárias Humanas , Humanos , Ativinas/farmacologia , Ativinas/metabolismo , Proteína Morfogenética Óssea 4/farmacologia , Diferenciação Celular , Células-Tronco Embrionárias/metabolismo , Fator 2 de Crescimento de Fibroblastos/farmacologia , Fator 2 de Crescimento de Fibroblastos/metabolismo , Antígenos HLA-G , Células-Tronco Embrionárias Humanas/metabolismo , Fator de Crescimento Transformador beta/metabolismo , Trofoblastos/metabolismo
19.
Cell Stem Cell ; 31(1): 25-38.e8, 2024 Jan 04.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38086390

RESUMO

Human embryonic stem cell (hESC)-derived midbrain dopaminergic (mDA) cell transplantation is a promising therapeutic strategy for Parkinson's disease (PD). Here, we present the derivation of high-purity mDA progenitors from clinical-grade hESCs on a large scale under rigorous good manufacturing practice (GMP) conditions. We also assessed the toxicity, biodistribution, and tumorigenicity of these cells in immunodeficient rats in good laboratory practice (GLP)-compliant facilities. Various doses of mDA progenitors were transplanted into hemi-parkinsonian rats, and a significant dose-dependent behavioral improvement was observed with a minimal effective dose range of 5,000-10,000 mDA progenitor cells. These results provided insights into determining a low cell dosage (3.15 million cells) for human clinical trials. Based on these results, approval for a phase 1/2a clinical trial for PD cell therapy was obtained from the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety in Korea, and a clinical trial for treating patients with PD has commenced.


Assuntos
Células-Tronco Embrionárias Humanas , Doença de Parkinson , Humanos , Ratos , Animais , Doença de Parkinson/terapia , Distribuição Tecidual , Neurônios Dopaminérgicos , Transplante de Células-Tronco/métodos , Mesencéfalo , Dopamina , Diferenciação Celular
20.
Exp Cell Res ; 434(2): 113879, 2024 01 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38072304

RESUMO

Stem cell-derived ß cells (SC-ß cells) differentiated from stem cell-derived pancreatic progenitor (PP) cells are promising tools for enabling normal glucose control of islet transplants and have therapeutic potential for type 1 diabetes treatment. Pancreatic specification is essential for SC-ß cell induction in vitro and low-quality PP cells may convert into derivatives of non-pancreatic lineages both in vivo and in vitro, impeding PP-derived ß cell safety and differentiation efficiency. Circular RNA (circRNA) commonly determines the fate of stem cells by acting as competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA). Currently, the relationships between endogenous circRNA and pancreatic specification remain elusive. Herein, we used whole transcriptome sequencing analysis and functional experiments to reveal that deficiency of hsa_circ_0032449 resulted in posterior foregut-derived PP cells with a weakened the progenitor state with decreased expression of PDX1, NKX6.1 and CCND1. As differentiation processed into maturation, silencing of hsa_circ_0032449 suppressed PP cell development into functionally mature and glucose-responsive SC-ß cells. These SC-ß cells exhibited lower serum C-peptide levels compared with those of control groups in nude mice and had difficulties in reversing hyperglycemia in STZ-induced diabetic nude mice. Mechanistically, loss of hsa_circ_0032449 participated in PI3K-AKT signaling transduction by acting as a ceRNA to sponge miR-195-5p and by influencing the expression of the downstream target CCND1 at transcription and translation levels. Overall, our findings identified hsa_circ_0032449 as an essential PP cell-fate specification regulator, indicating a promising potential in clinical applications and basic research.


Assuntos
Células-Tronco Embrionárias Humanas , MicroRNAs , Animais , Camundongos , Humanos , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-akt/genética , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-akt/metabolismo , Camundongos Nus , Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinases/genética , Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinases/metabolismo , RNA Circular/genética , RNA Circular/metabolismo , Células-Tronco Embrionárias Humanas/metabolismo , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , MicroRNAs/genética , MicroRNAs/metabolismo , Transdução de Sinais/genética , Proliferação de Células/genética , Ciclina D1/metabolismo
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