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1.
Int J Mol Sci ; 25(5)2024 Mar 03.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38474200

RESUMO

Intramuscular fat (IMF) is vital for meat tenderness and juiciness. This study aims to explore the IMF deposition mechanism and the related molecular markers in sheep. Two populations, Small-tail Han Sheep (STH) and STH × Suffolk (SFK) F1 (SFK × STH), were used as the research object. Histological staining techniques compared the differences in the longissimus dorsi muscle among populations. A combination of transcriptome sequencing and biological information analysis screened and identified IMF-related target genes. Further, sequencing technology was employed to detect SNP loci of target genes to evaluate their potential as genetic markers. Histological staining revealed that the muscle fiber gap in the SFK × STH F1 was larger and the IMF content was higher. Transcriptome analysis revealed that PIK3R1 and PPARA were candidate genes. Histological experiments revealed that the expressions of PIK3R1 mRNA and PPARA mRNA were lower in SFK × STH F1 compared with the STH. Meanwhile, PIK3R1 and PPARA proteins were located in intramuscular adipocytes and co-located with the lipid metabolism marker molecule (FASN). SNP locus analysis revealed a mutation site in exon 7 of the PIK3R1 gene, which served as a potential genetic marker for IMF deposition. This study's findings will provide a new direction for meat quality breeding in sheep.


Assuntos
Perfilação da Expressão Gênica , Cauda , Ovinos/genética , Animais , Cauda/metabolismo , Carne , Marcadores Genéticos , RNA Mensageiro/genética
2.
Nature ; 626(8001): 1042-1048, 2024 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38418917

RESUMO

The loss of the tail is among the most notable anatomical changes to have occurred along the evolutionary lineage leading to humans and to the 'anthropomorphous apes'1-3, with a proposed role in contributing to human bipedalism4-6. Yet, the genetic mechanism that facilitated tail-loss evolution in hominoids remains unknown. Here we present evidence that an individual insertion of an Alu element in the genome of the hominoid ancestor may have contributed to tail-loss evolution. We demonstrate that this Alu element-inserted into an intron of the TBXT gene7-9-pairs with a neighbouring ancestral Alu element encoded in the reverse genomic orientation and leads to a hominoid-specific alternative splicing event. To study the effect of this splicing event, we generated multiple mouse models that express both full-length and exon-skipped isoforms of Tbxt, mimicking the expression pattern of its hominoid orthologue TBXT. Mice expressing both Tbxt isoforms exhibit a complete absence of the tail or a shortened tail depending on the relative abundance of Tbxt isoforms expressed at the embryonic tail bud. These results support the notion that the exon-skipped transcript is sufficient to induce a tail-loss phenotype. Moreover, mice expressing the exon-skipped Tbxt isoform develop neural tube defects, a condition that affects approximately 1 in 1,000 neonates in humans10. Thus, tail-loss evolution may have been associated with an adaptive cost of the potential for neural tube defects, which continue to affect human health today.


Assuntos
Processamento Alternativo , Evolução Molecular , Hominidae , Proteínas com Domínio T , Cauda , Animais , Humanos , Camundongos , Processamento Alternativo/genética , Elementos Alu/genética , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Genoma/genética , Hominidae/anatomia & histologia , Hominidae/genética , Íntrons/genética , Defeitos do Tubo Neural/genética , Defeitos do Tubo Neural/metabolismo , Fenótipo , Isoformas de Proteínas/deficiência , Isoformas de Proteínas/genética , Isoformas de Proteínas/metabolismo , Proteínas com Domínio T/deficiência , Proteínas com Domínio T/genética , Proteínas com Domínio T/metabolismo , Cauda/anatomia & histologia , Cauda/embriologia , Éxons/genética
3.
Anim Sci J ; 95(1): e13921, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38323752

RESUMO

In this study, we investigated whether monitoring the ventral tail base surface temperature (ST) using a wearable wireless sensor could be effective for fever detection in calves with experimentally induced pneumonia after inoculation with Histophilus somni strain 2336. We found a significant difference in the changes in ST values between the control and H. somni-inoculated groups after 24 h of inoculation and detected fever; however, the rectal temperature showed a significant difference between the groups after 12 h of inoculation. When a significant difference in the ST between the two groups was observed, serum haptoglobin concentration and exacerbation of clinical score increased in the H. somni-inoculated group compared with those in the control group. Pneumonia was observed in the H. somni-inoculated group at necropsy, indicating that the changes in ST may reflect fever with inflammation caused by H. somni infection. Our results demonstrated that monitoring ST using a sensor attached to the ventral tail base can detect fever in calves and may be a useful and labor-saving tool for the health management of calves.


Assuntos
Doenças dos Bovinos , Pneumonia , Animais , Bovinos , Cauda , Temperatura , Pneumonia/veterinária , Febre/veterinária , Vacinação/veterinária , Doenças dos Bovinos/diagnóstico
4.
Sci Rep ; 14(1): 3679, 2024 02 14.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38355764

RESUMO

In animal species that have the capability of regenerating tissues and limbs, cell proliferation is enhanced after wound healing and is essential for the reconstruction of injured tissue. Although the ability to induce cell proliferation is a common feature of such species, the molecular mechanisms that regulate the transition from wound healing to regenerative cell proliferation remain unclear. Here, we show that upon injury, InhibinßA and JunB cooperatively function for this transition during Xenopus tadpole tail regeneration. We found that the expression of inhibin subunit beta A (inhba) and junB proto-oncogene (junb) is induced by injury-activated TGF-ß/Smad and MEK/ERK signaling in regenerating tails. Similarly to junb knockout (KO) tadpoles, inhba KO tadpoles show a delay in tail regeneration, and inhba/junb double KO (DKO) tadpoles exhibit severe impairment of tail regeneration compared with either inhba KO or junb KO tadpoles. Importantly, this impairment is associated with a significant reduction of cell proliferation in regenerating tissue. Moreover, JunB regulates tail regeneration via FGF signaling, while InhibinßA likely acts through different mechanisms. These results demonstrate that the cooperation of injury-induced InhibinßA and JunB is critical for regenerative cell proliferation, which is necessary for re-outgrowth of regenerating Xenopus tadpole tails.


Assuntos
Regeneração , Transdução de Sinais , Animais , Xenopus laevis/metabolismo , Larva/genética , Regeneração/genética , Proliferação de Células , Cauda/fisiologia
5.
Sci Rep ; 14(1): 4523, 2024 02 24.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38402339

RESUMO

Early identification of tail biting and intervention are necessary to reduce tail lesions and their impact on animal health and welfare. Removal of biters has become an effective intervention strategy, but finding them can be difficult and time-consuming. The aim of this study was to investigate whether tail biting and, in particular, individual biters could be identified by detecting pig screams in audio recordings. The study included 288 undocked weaner pigs housed in six pens in two batches. Once a tail biter (n = 7) was identified by visual inspection in the stable and removed by the farm staff, the previous days of video and audio recordings were analyzed for pig screams (sudden increase in loudness with frequencies above 1 kHz) and tail biting events until no biting before the removal was observed anymore. In total, 2893 screams were detected in four pens where tail biting occurred. Of these screams, 52.9% were caused by tail biting in the observed pen, 25.6% originated from other pens, 8.8% were not assignable, and 12.7% occurred due to other reasons. In case of a tail biting event, screams were assigned individually to biter and victim pigs. Based on the audio analysis, biters were identified between one and nine days prior to their removal from the pen after visual inspection. Screams were detected earlier than the increase in hanging tails and could therefore be favored as an early warning indicator. Analyzing animal vocalization has potential for monitoring and early detection of tail biting events. In combination with individual marks and automatic analysis algorithms, biters could be identified and tail biting efficiently reduced. In this way, biters can be removed earlier to increase animal health and welfare.


Assuntos
Comportamento Animal , Mordeduras e Picadas , Humanos , Suínos , Animais , Cauda/lesões , Desmame , Bem-Estar do Animal , Vocalização Animal
6.
J Neurochem ; 168(3): 251-268, 2024 03.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38308566

RESUMO

The striatum can be divided into four anatomically and functionally distinct domains: the dorsolateral, dorsomedial, ventral and the more recently identified caudolateral (tail) striatum. Dopamine transmission in these striatal domains underlies many important behaviours, yet little is known about this phenomenon in the tail striatum. Furthermore, the tail is divided anatomically into four divisions (dorsal, medial, intermediate and lateral) based on the profile of D1 and D2 dopamine receptor-expressing medium spiny neurons, something that is not seen elsewhere in the striatum. Considering this organisation, how dopamine transmission occurs in the tail striatum is of great interest. We recorded evoked dopamine release in the four tail divisions, with comparison to the dorsolateral striatum, using fast-scan cyclic voltammetry in rat brain slices. Contributions of clearance mechanisms were investigated using dopamine transporter knockout (DAT-KO) rats, pharmacological transporter inhibitors and dextran. Evoked dopamine release in all tail divisions was smaller in amplitude than in the dorsolateral striatum and, importantly, regional variation was observed: dorsolateral ≈ lateral > medial > dorsal ≈ intermediate. Release amplitudes in the lateral division were 300% of that in the intermediate division, which also exhibited uniquely slow peak dopamine clearance velocity. Dopamine clearance in the intermediate division was most dependent on DAT, and no alternative dopamine transporters investigated (organic cation transporter-3, norepinephrine transporter and serotonin transporter) contributed significantly to dopamine clearance in any tail division. Our findings confirm that the tail striatum is not only a distinct dopamine domain but also that each tail division has unique dopamine transmission characteristics. This supports that the divisions are not only anatomically but also functionally distinct. How this segregation relates to the overall function of the tail striatum, particularly the processing of multisensory information, is yet to be determined.


Assuntos
Dopamina , Cauda , Ratos , Animais , Corpo Estriado , Neostriado , Antagonistas de Dopamina/farmacologia
7.
Acta Biomater ; 177: 148-156, 2024 Mar 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38325708

RESUMO

Bone morphogenic protein 2 (BMP2) is known to induce osteogenesis and is applied clinically to enhance spinal fusion despite adverse effects. BMP2 needs to be used in high doses to be effective due to the presence of BMP2 inhibitors. L51P is a BMP2 analogue that acts by inhibition of BMP2 inhibitors. Here, we hypothesized that mixtures of BMP2 and L51P could achieve better spinal fusion outcomes regarding ossification. To test whether mixtures of both cytokines are sufficient to improve ossification, 45 elderly Wistar rats (of which 21 were males) were assigned to seven experimental groups, all which received spinal fusion surgery, including discectomy at the caudal 4-5 level using an external fixator and a porous ß-tricalcium phosphate (ßTCP) carrier. These ßTCP carriers were coated with varying concentrations of BMP2 and L51P. X-rays were taken immediately after surgery and again six and twelve weeks post-operatively. Histological sections and µCT were analyzed after twelve weeks. Spinal fusion was assessed using X-ray, µCT and histology according to the Bridwell scale by voxel-based quantification and a semi-quantitative histological score, respectively. The results were congruent across modalities and revealed high ossification for high-dose BMP2 (10 µg), while PBS induced no ossification. Low-dose BMP2 (1 µg) or 10 µg L51P alone did not induce relevant bone formation. However, all combinations of low-dose BMP2 with L51P (1 µg + 1/5/10 µg) were able to induce similar ossificationas high-dose BMP2. These results are of high clinical relevance, as they indicate L51P is sufficient to increase the efficacy of BMP2 and thus lower the required dose for spinal fusion. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Spinal fusion surgery is frequently applied to treat spinal pathologies. Bone Morphogenic Protein-2 (BMP2) has been approved by the U .S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA-) and by the "Conformité Européenne" (CE)-label. However, its application is expensive and high concentrations cause side-effects. This research targets the improvement of the efficacy of BMP2 in spinal fusion surgery.


Assuntos
Proteína Morfogenética Óssea 2 , Fusão Vertebral , Humanos , Masculino , Ratos , Animais , Idoso , Feminino , Proteína Morfogenética Óssea 2/farmacologia , Ratos Wistar , Fusão Vertebral/métodos , Cauda , Osteogênese , Fator de Crescimento Transformador beta/farmacologia
9.
Anim Genet ; 55(2): 249-256, 2024 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38194424

RESUMO

The genetic foundation of chicken body plumage color has been extensively studied. However, little attention has been paid to the inheritance patterns and molecular mechanisms underlying the formation of distal feather colors (tail and wingtip). Differences in these colors are common; for example, the Chinese Huiyang Beard chicken has black tail feathers, but yellow body plumage. Here, the hybrid offspring of Huiyang Beard and White Leghorn chickens were used to study the inheritance patterns of tail-feather color. The expression levels of pigment genes in differently colored feather follicles were analyzed using quantitative real-time PCR. The results showed that genetic regulation of tail-feather color was independent of body-plumage color. The Dominant White locus inhibited eumelanin synthesis in tail feathers without affecting the formation of yellow body plumage, whereas the Silver locus had the opposite effect. The expression of agouti signaling protein (ASIP) gene class 1 transcripts was significantly lower in black tail-feather follicles than in yellow body follicles, whereas tyrosinase-related protein 1 (TYRP1) gene expression was significantly higher in black tail feathers. These differentially expressed genes were confirmed to exert an effect on eumelanin and pheomelanin formation in feathers, thus influencing the regulation of chicken tail-feather color. In conclusion, this study lays the foundation for further research on the genetic mechanisms of regional differences in feather color, contributing to a better understanding of plumage pigmentation in chickens.


Assuntos
Galinhas , Cauda , Animais , Galinhas/genética , Proteína Agouti Sinalizadora/genética , Plumas/fisiologia , Expressão Gênica , Pigmentação/genética
10.
Zoology (Jena) ; 162: 126145, 2024 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38232499

RESUMO

Fishes are generally considered to be fully aquatic, but some voluntarily strand themselves on land to escape poor water conditions, predators, or to exploit terrestrial niches. The tail-flip jump is a method of terrestrial locomotion performed by small fishes without apparent morphological specialization, but few studies have investigated the role the caudal fin has on the tail-flip jump. We hypothesized that fish with larger caudal fins would perform shorter individual tail-flip jumps and not be able to sustain jumping in extended terrestrial excursions. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) are an excellent model to investigate this because these fish perform the tail-flip jump and some strains have been selectively bred in the pet trade industry for larger fins. In this study, wildtype and longfin zebrafish were compared because of the larger caudal fins of the longfin zebrafish. Individuals of each strain performed three consecutive jump trials with 48 h between each trial: kinematic, voluntary, and exhaustion. The kinematic trial used a high-speed camera to measure kinematic variables of individual jumps. The voluntary trial recorded each fish's voluntary response to stranding for three minutes. The exhaustion trial recorded the fish's response to be constantly elicited to jump until exhaustion was reached. Despite differences in caudal fin area, there were no differences in the kinematic characteristics of individual jump performances, including jump distance. However, wildtype zebrafish performed more jumps, jumped more than they flopped, and moved a greater total distance in both voluntary and exhaustion trials despite moving for similar durations and reaching exhaustion at similar times. These findings imply that larger fins do not affect a fish's ability to perform individual tail-flip jumps but does cause fish to employ different behavioral strategies when stranded for longer durations on land.


Assuntos
Cauda , Peixe-Zebra , Animais , Peixe-Zebra/fisiologia , Cauda/fisiologia , Locomoção/fisiologia , Nadadeiras de Animais , Fenômenos Biomecânicos , Natação/fisiologia
11.
Genet Sel Evol ; 56(1): 3, 2024 Jan 03.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38172694

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: The natural abundance of nitrogen (δ15N) and carbon (δ13C) isotopes in animal tissues are used to estimate an animal's efficiency in nitrogen utilization, and their feed conversion efficiency, especially in tropical grazing systems with prolonged protein restriction. It is postulated that selection for improving these two characteristics (δ15N and δ13C) would assist the optimisation of the adaptation in ever-changing environments, particularly in response to climate change. The aim of this study was to determine the heritability of δ15N and δ13C in the tail hair of tropically adapted beef cattle to validate their inclusion in genetic breeding programs. METHODS: In total, 492 steers from two breeds, Brahman (n = 268) and Droughtmaster (n = 224) were used in this study. These steers were managed in two mixed breed contemporary groups across two years (year of weaning): steers weaned in 2019 (n = 250) and 2020 (n = 242). Samples of tail switch hair representing hair segments grown during the dry season were collected and analysed for δ15N and δ13C with isotope-ratio mass spectrometry. Heritability and variance components were estimated in a univariate multibreed (and single breed) animal model in WOMBAT and ASReml using three generations of full pedigree. RESULTS: The estimated heritability of both traits was significantly different from 0, i.e. 0.43 ± 0.14 and 0.41 ± 0.15 for δ15N and δ13C, respectively. These traits had favourable moderate to high genetic and phenotypic correlations (- 0.78 ± 0.16 and - 0.40 ± 0.04, respectively). The study also provides informative single-breed results in spite of the limited sample size, with estimated heritability values of 0.37 ± 0.19 and 0.19 ± 0.17 for δ15N and δ13C in Brahman, and 0.36 ± 0.21 and 0.46 ± 0.22 for δ15N and δ13C in Droughtmaster, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this study show, for the first time, that the natural abundances of both nitrogen and carbon isotopes in the tail hair in cattle may be moderately heritable. With further research and validation, tail hair isotopes can become a practical tool for the large-scale selection of more efficient cattle.


Assuntos
Nitrogênio , Cauda , Bovinos/genética , Animais , Isótopos de Carbono , Cauda/química , Fenótipo , Cabelo
12.
Acta Vet Scand ; 66(1): 2, 2024 Jan 09.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38195502

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Tail biting (TB) is a welfare issue with economic consequences due to infections and ill-thrift. This study aimed to reduce tail injuries in a high-performing non-tail-docking pig herd. RESULTS: During eleven years preceding the trial, the annual incidence of tail injuries registered at slaughter in pigs from the herd increased from 3% (equivalent to the national mean) to 10%. It was positively correlated to a high weight gain and negatively correlated to daylight length. The overall incidence of tail injuries during the four years preceding the trial was 9.2% with significant differences between four identically structured buildings for fatteners (I < II < III < IV). The feed was enriched with amino acids, minerals and fibres. The buildings used different illumination strategies, I: standard fluorescent tubes with an invisible flickering light of 30-40% for 14 h daily, II: non-flickering led light for 14 h daily, III (control) and IV: standard fluorescent tubes for 2 h daily. IV had free access to manipulable material (hay-silage), while I-III was offered 100-200 g daily. During the adaptation period (6 months), the incidence of tail injuries decreased significantly in all buildings to a mean of 5.4%. The largest decrease (from 11.4 to 4.3%) was obtained in IV. During the trial period (12 months), the mean incidence of tail injuries decreased in all groups to a mean of 3.0%. There were no differences in treatment incidences of individual pigs due to TB between groups, but the use of enriched pellets due to TB in pens was lowest in II. The low incidence of tail injuries was retained during the post-trial period (6 months) when all buildings used artificial illumination for two hours per day. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of TB in fast growing non-tail-docked pigs in the herd was successfully reduced by supplementing the feed with amino acids, minerals, vitamins and fibres. Additional manipulable material accelerated that process and non-flickering illumination may have had an impact in preventing TB. The results obtained do not support the need for tail-docking of pigs, provided that the needs of the pigs in terms of feed ingredients, stocking density and access to manipulable materials are fulfilled.


Assuntos
Bem-Estar do Animal , Cauda , Animais , Aminoácidos , Minerais , Suínos , Vitamina A , Vitamina K
13.
Biol Lett ; 20(1): 20230407, 2024 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38229554

RESUMO

Tail wagging is a conspicuous behaviour in domestic dogs (Canis familiaris). Despite how much meaning humans attribute to this display, its quantitative description and evolutionary history are rarely studied. We summarize what is known about the mechanism, ontogeny, function and evolution of this behaviour. We suggest two hypotheses to explain its increased occurrence and frequency in dogs compared to other canids. During the domestication process, enhanced rhythmic tail wagging behaviour could have (i) arisen as a by-product of selection for other traits, such as docility and tameness, or (ii) been directly selected by humans, due to our proclivity for rhythmic stimuli. We invite testing of these hypotheses through neurobiological and ethological experiments, which will shed light on one of the most readily observed yet understudied animal behaviours. Targeted tail wagging research can be a window into both canine ethology and the evolutionary history of characteristic human traits, such as our ability to perceive and produce rhythmic behaviours.


Assuntos
Canidae , Cauda , Animais , Cães , Comportamento Animal , Domesticação , Comportamento Social
14.
Zootaxa ; 5399(2): 130-140, 2024 Jan 11.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38221169

RESUMO

Two new species of free-living marine nematodes from the littoral sediment of the South China Sea are described as Promonhystera papilla sp. nov. and Promonhystera fluctispicula sp. nov. Both new species are characterized by striated cuticle; circular amphideal fovea; anterior sensilla in two circles, inner labial sensilla setiform; funnel-shaped buccal cavity; elongated spicules and conico-cylindrical tail. P. papilla sp. nov. is different from all known species of the genus by longer body length (more than 2.1mm versus less than 1.5 mm in other species), longer spicules (sp/a.b.d. = 4.14.6 versus 2.7) and males with three papilliform precloacal supplements and one small postcloacal papilla (versus absence) and gubernaculum boot-shaped. P. fluctispicula sp. nov. is similar to P. tricuspidata Wieser, 1956 in having similar waved spicules but differs from the latter species by tail conico-cylindrical (versus conical) and simple plate-like gubernaculum without tooth (versus gubernaculum with four distal teeth).


Assuntos
Nematoides , Masculino , Animais , Cromadoria , China , Cauda , Boca
15.
Sci Rep ; 14(1): 2361, 2024 01 29.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38287039

RESUMO

Although research on alternative splicing (AS) has been widely conducted in mammals, no study has investigated the splicing profiles of genes involved in fat-tail formation in sheep. Here, for the first time, a comprehensive study was designed to investigate the profile of AS events and their involvement in fat-tail development of sheep. In total, 45 RNA-Seq samples related to seven different studies, which have compared the fat-tailed vs thin-tailed sheep breeds, were analyzed. Two independent tools, rMATS and Whippet, along with a set of stringent filters were applied to identify differential AS (DAS) events between the breeds per each study. Only DAS events that were detected by both tools as well as in at least three datasets with the same ΔPSI trend (percent spliced in), were considered as the final high-confidence set of DAS genes. Final results revealed 130 DAS skipped exon events (69 negative and 61 positive ΔPSI) belonged to 124 genes. Functional enrichment analysis highlighted the importance of the genes in the underlying molecular mechanisms of fat metabolism. Moreover, protein-protein interaction network analysis revealed that DAS genes are significantly connected. Of DAS genes, five transcription factors were found that were enriched in the biological process associated with lipid metabolism like "Fat Cell Differentiation". Further investigations of the findings along with a comprehensive literature review provided a reliable list of candidate genes that may potentially contribute to fat-tail formation including HSD11B1, SIRT2, STRN3 and TCF7L2. Based on the results, it can be stated that the AS patterns may have evolved, during the evolution of sheep breeds, as another layer of regulation to contribute to biological complexity by reprogramming the gene regulatory networks. This study provided the theoretical basis of the molecular mechanisms behind the sheep fat-tail development in terms of AS.


Assuntos
Processamento Alternativo , Cauda , Ovinos/genética , Animais , RNA-Seq , Cauda/metabolismo , Redes Reguladoras de Genes , Éxons , Mamíferos
16.
Anim Biotechnol ; 35(1): 2254568, 2024 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37694839

RESUMO

The thyroid gland is an important endocrine gland in animals, which mainly secretes thyroid hormones and acts on various organs of the body. Long-chain non-coding RNA (lncRNA) plays an important role in animal reproduction. However, there is still a lack of understanding of their expression patterns and potential roles in the thyroid of Small Tail Han (STH) sheep. In this study, RNA-seq was used to examine the transcriptome expression patterns of lncRNAs and mRNAs in the follicular phase (ww_FT) and luteal phase (ww_LT) in FecB++ genotype STH Sheep. A total of 17,217 lncRNAs and 39,112 mRNAs were identified including 96 differentially expressed lncRNAs (DELs) and 1054 differentially expressed mRNAs (DEGs). Functional analysis of genes with significant differences in expression level showed that these genes could be enriched in Ras signalling pathway, hedgehog (HH) signalling pathway, ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters and other signalling pathways related to animal reproduction. In addition, through correlation analysis for lncRNA-mRNA co-expression and network construction, we found that LNC_009115 and LNC_005796 trans target NIK-related kinase (NRK) and poly(A)-specific ribonuclease (PARN). LNC_007189 and LNC_002045 trans target progesterone-induced blocking factor 1 (PIBF1), LNC_009013 trans targets small mothers against decapentaplegic (SMAD1) are related to animal reproduction. These genes add new resources for elucidating the regulatory mechanisms of reproduction in sheep with different reproductive cycles of the FecB++ genotype STH sheep.


Assuntos
RNA Longo não Codificante , Feminino , Ovinos/genética , Animais , RNA Longo não Codificante/genética , Glândula Tireoide , RNA Mensageiro/genética , Cauda , Proteínas Hedgehog/genética , Perfilação da Expressão Gênica/veterinária , Genótipo
17.
J Biomech ; 162: 111892, 2024 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38061208

RESUMO

Mechanical strain inhibits bacterial collagenase from cleaving collagen. Additionally, the toe region of a soft tissue's force-elongation curve arises from sequentially engaging collagen fibrils as the tissue lengthens. Together, these phenomena suggest that mechanical strain may gradually inhibit collagenase activity through a soft tissue's toe region. Therefore, this investigation sought to test this hypothesis. 92 rat tail tendon fascicles from 3 female sentinel animals underwent preliminary stiffness tests, and their force-elongation curves were fit to a collagen distribution model. This distribution-based model calculated the force magnitude corresponding to p% of collagen fibril engagement. Specimens were separated into one of five levels of p, and that level of force was maintained for two hours while being exposed to 0.054 U/mL of bacterial collagenase from C. histolyticum. The specimens were strained to failure following the creep test, and the relative reduction in stiffness was quantified to estimate the fraction of digested fibrils. Every 10% additional collagen engagement corresponded to a 6.3% (97% highest density interval: 4.3 - 8.4%) retention of stiffness, which indicated collagenase inhibition. The results of this investigation were consistent with a strain-inhibition hypothesis along with the established uncrimping mechanism in the toe region. These results support an interaction between mechanical strain and collagenolysis, which may be valuable for disease prevention or treatment.


Assuntos
Cauda , Tendões , Ratos , Feminino , Animais , Tendões/fisiologia , Colágeno/fisiologia , Colagenases , Matriz Extracelular
18.
Fish Shellfish Immunol ; 144: 109219, 2024 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37952850

RESUMO

Based on the structural knowledge of TLR5 surface and using blind docking platforms, peptides derived from a truncated HMGB1 acidic tail from Salmo salar was designed as TLR5 agonistic. Additionally, a template peptide with the native N-terminal of the acidic tail sequence as a reference was included (SsOri). Peptide binding poses complexed on TLR5 ectodomain model from each algorithm were filtrated based on docking scoring functions and predicted theoretical binding affinity of the complex. The best peptides, termed 6WK and 5LWK, were selected for chemical synthesis and experimental functional assay. The agonist activity by immunoblotting and immunocytochemistry was determined following the NF-κBp65 phosphorylation (p-NF-κBp65) and the nuclear translocation of the NF-κBp65 subunit from the cytosol, respectively. HeLa cells stably expressing a S. salar TLR5 chimeric form (TLR5c7) showed increased p-NF-κBp65 levels regarding extracts from flagellin-treated cells. No statistically significant differences (p > 0.05) were found in the detected p-NF-κBp65 levels between cellular extracts treated with peptides or flagellin by one-way ANOVA. The image analysis of NF-κBp65 immunolabeled cells obtained by confocal microscopy showed increased nuclear NF-κBp65 co-localization in cells both 5LWK and flagellin stimulated, while 6WK and SsOri showed less effect on p65 nuclear translocation (p < 0.05). Also, an increased transcript expression profile of proinflammatory cytokines such as TNFα, IL-1ß, and IL-8 in HKL cells isolated from Salmo salar was evidenced in 5LWK - stimulated by RT-PCR analysis. Overall, the result indicates the usefulness of novel peptides as a potential immunostimulant in S. salar.


Assuntos
Proteína HMGB1 , Salmo salar , Animais , Humanos , Receptor 5 Toll-Like/genética , Receptor 5 Toll-Like/metabolismo , Flagelina/farmacologia , Flagelina/metabolismo , Salmo salar/genética , Salmo salar/metabolismo , Células HeLa , NF-kappa B/metabolismo , Cauda , Citocinas/genética , Citocinas/metabolismo
20.
Int J Biol Macromol ; 254(Pt 3): 127936, 2024 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37939767

RESUMO

We have investigated the impact of obesity on the structural organization, morpho-mechanical properties of collagen fibers from rat tail tendon fascicles (RTTFs). Polarized Raman microspectroscopy showed that the collagen bands 855, 875, 938, and 960 cm-1 as well as those 1631 and 1660 cm-1 were affected by diet. Mechanical properties exhibited an increase in the yield strength from control (CTRL) to high fat (HF) diet (9.60 ± 1.71 and 13.09 ± 1.81 MPa) (p < 0.01) and ultimate tensile strength (13.12 ± 2.37 and 18.32 ± 2.83 MPa) (p < 0.05) with no significant change in the Young's Modulus. During mechanical, the band at 875 cm-1 exhibited the most relevant frequency shift (2 cm-1). The intensity of those at 855, 875, and 938 cm-1 in HF collagen displayed a comparable response to mechanical stress as compared to CTRL collagen with no significant diet-related changes in the Full Width at Half Maximum. Second harmonic generation technique revealed i) similar fiber straightness (0.963 ± 0.004 and 0.965 ± 0.003) and ii) significant changes in fibers diameter (1.48 ± 0.07 and 1.52 ± 0.08 µm) (p < 0.05) and length (22.06 ± 2.38 and 29.00 ± 3.76 µm) (p < 0.001) between CTRL and HF diet, respectively. The quantification of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) revealed an increase in both carboxymethyl-lysine and total fluorescence AGEs from CTRL to HF RTTFs.


Assuntos
Colágeno , Cauda , Ratos , Animais , Colágeno/química , Obesidade/etiologia , Dieta Hiperlipídica/efeitos adversos , Tendões/fisiologia , Resistência à Tração
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