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1.
Parasitol Res ; 121(8): 2415-2420, 2022 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35723737

RESUMO

Infection by Caryospora cheloniae has been reported to be responsible for green turtle strandings with high morbidity and mortality rates worldwide. Although studies have already shown the pathogenesis of these infections, many aspects of this protozoan are still poorly understood, including their life cycle and infection dynamics in free-living sea turtle populations. Due to the lack of information about the infection by this protozoan in sea turtles in Northeastern Brazil, our study aims to describe Caryospora sp. infection and its pathological findings in free-living Chelonia mydas found on the north coast of the Bahia state. Between 2018 and 2019, 64 specimens of green turtles were necropsied in partnership with Fundação Projeto Tamar; among these, 10 (1.56%) had oocysts morphologically compatible with Caryospora cheloniae in the evaluation of fecal samples and histopathological examination of intestinal samples. The infected animals were juvenile green turtles that were found stranded on the beaches of the north coast of Bahia. The pathological findings were restricted to the lower gastrointestinal tract, with different presentations and intensities. About 70% of the animals with coccidial infection exhibited erosive and ulcerative fibrinous enteritis. This is the first report of coccidiosis in green turtles on the north coast of Bahia.


Assuntos
Coccídios , Coccidiose , Eimeriidae , Tartarugas , Animais , Brasil/epidemiologia , Coccidiose/epidemiologia , Coccidiose/patologia , Coccidiose/veterinária
2.
Syst Parasitol ; 99(3): 309-315, 2022 06.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35226284

RESUMO

The flat-headed snake, Tantilla gracilis Baird and Girard is a small reptile belonging to the family Colubridae. Feces from a single T. gracilis from McCurtain County, Oklahoma, USA, was collected and examined for coccidia; it was found to be passing a new species of Caryospora. Oöcysts of Caryospora sargentae n. sp. are spheroidal to typically subspheroidal with a moderately-pitted bi-layered wall, measure (L × W) 20.7 × 19.2 µm, and have a length/width (L/W) ratio of 1.1; a micropyle and oöcyst residuum were absent but one to several small, irregular to spheroidal masses of non-refractile debris within the oocyst was present as well as a polar granule attached to the inner oöcyst wall. Sporocysts are ovoidal and measure 15.0 × 11.0 µm, L/W 1.4; a nipple-like Stieda body is present as well as a distinct rounded sub-Stieda body. The sporocyst residuum is composed of a large, dense, irregular mass of various sized granules located between and often obscuring the sporozoites. This is the third coccidian described from the flat-headed snake. In addition, we include some data on the endogenous development of the coccidian.


Assuntos
Colubridae , Eimeriidae , Animais , Fezes , Oklahoma , Oocistos , Especificidade da Espécie
3.
Genome Biol Evol ; 13(2)2021 02 03.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33566096

RESUMO

The phylum Apicomplexa consists largely of obligate animal parasites that include the causative agents of human diseases such as malaria. Apicomplexans have also emerged as models to study the evolution of nonphotosynthetic plastids, as they contain a relict chloroplast known as the apicoplast. The apicoplast offers important clues into how apicomplexan parasites evolved from free-living ancestors and can provide insights into reductive organelle evolution. Here, we sequenced the transcriptomes and apicoplast genomes of three deep-branching apicomplexans, Margolisiella islandica, Aggregata octopiana, and Merocystis kathae. Phylogenomic analyses show that these taxa, together with Rhytidocystis, form a new lineage of apicomplexans that is sister to the Coccidia and Hematozoa (the lineages including most medically significant taxa). Members of this clade retain plastid genomes and the canonical apicomplexan plastid metabolism. However, the apicoplast genomes of Margolisiella and Rhytidocystis are the most reduced of any apicoplast, are extremely GC-poor, and have even lost genes for the canonical plastidial RNA polymerase. This new lineage of apicomplexans, for which we propose the class Marosporida class nov., occupies a key intermediate position in the apicomplexan phylogeny, and adds a new complexity to the models of stepwise reductive evolution of genome structure and organelle function in these parasites.


Assuntos
Apicomplexa/classificação , Apicomplexa/genética , Apicoplastos/genética , Tamanho do Genoma , Animais , Vias Biossintéticas/genética , Coccídios/genética , RNA Polimerases Dirigidas por DNA/genética , Eimeriidae/genética , Evolução Molecular , Invertebrados/parasitologia , Filogenia , Proteínas de Protozoários/classificação , Transcrição Gênica
4.
Acta Parasitol ; 66(2): 693-698, 2021 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33389545

RESUMO

PURPOSE: European pilchard (Sardina pilchardus) is a highly valued fish in many European countries, particularly in Portugal. Despite current stock declines and the threats coccidia pose to European pilchards (e.g. castration), little is known about coccidian parasites infecting pilchards captured off the Portuguese coast. METHODS: In this study, we analyzed the infection patterns, the morphology of oocysts and the phylogenetic relations of coccidian parasites from European pilchard captured in Northern Portugal. RESULTS: Only Goussia oocysts were detected in infected tissues and prevalence of infection was 64% (n = 61). Oocysts were detected primarily in the liver with fewer infections in the stomach, intestine and gonads. No differences were found in the prevalence between seasons. Phylogenetic analysis showed these parasites are closely related to Goussia clupearum, placing them within a recently described group of Goussia, the clupearum type. CONCLUSIONS: Our study provides more data on Goussia from the clupearum type with phylogenetic analysis indicating that these parasites cluster according to fish host taxonomy, thus suggesting some degree of co-evolution.


Assuntos
Coccídios , Eimeriidae , Animais , Peixes , Oocistos , Filogenia
5.
Parasitology ; 148(1): 42-52, 2021 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33070783

RESUMO

Although parasites represent a major component of biodiversity, they remain poorly assessed, especially in remote regions. In this study, we screened 461 reptiles from Socotra, the largest and most biologically diverse archipelago in Arabia. Using 18S rRNA primers, we detected various apicomplexan parasites, namely haemogregarines, sarcocystids and eimeriids. Haemogregarines were the most common and genetically diverse, followed by sarcocystids (genus Sarcocystis) and eimeriids (genera Isospora and Lankesterella). All were related to parasites of other reptiles, including species from Arabia, Northern Africa and Asia. Like their 29 endemic reptile hosts, almost all Socotran parasites presented high genetic divergence and ecological differences from those found elsewhere, and probably represent undescribed endemic species. Among hosts, skinks were the most parasitized, which contrasted with similar studies from other areas, probably due to their more generalist diet and habitat use. As expected due to its high species richness, geckos harboured the highest parasite diversity in the archipelago. Parasite diversity also seemed to be correlated to island size, as the largest island harboured most haplotypes. This study emphasizes the importance of screening parasites in wild hosts from remote regions and of considering host ecology to understand disease transmission across taxa.


Assuntos
Coccidiose/transmissão , Eucoccidiida , Répteis/parasitologia , Animais , Animais Selvagens/parasitologia , Biodiversidade , Coccidiose/veterinária , DNA de Protozoário , Eimeriidae/genética , Eimeriidae/isolamento & purificação , Eucoccidiida/genética , Eucoccidiida/isolamento & purificação , Variação Genética , Especificidade de Hospedeiro , Ilhas do Oceano Índico/epidemiologia , Isospora/genética , Isospora/isolamento & purificação , Lagartos/parasitologia , Filogenia , Prevalência , RNA Ribossômico 18S/genética , Sarcocystis/genética , Sarcocystis/isolamento & purificação
6.
Parasitol Res ; 119(11): 3845-3852, 2020 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33009947

RESUMO

A novel species of coccidia, resembling a member of the genus Eimeria, was found in bats, Scotophilus leucogaster, collected in southern Saudi Arabia has been described on the basis of unsporulated oocysts and DNA sequencing of the Internal Transcribed Spacer 1 (ITS1) and partial 18S rDNA regions. Unsporulated oocysts of this form are ovoidal to spheroidal and had a 2-layered wall, 1.5-2.0 (1.9 ± 0.2); the outer layer was light blue with striations, and thicker than the inner, darker layer. No micropyle was present. Unsporulated oocysts (N = 150) measured 27.2 × 22.1 (25-30 × 20-25), length width ratio, 1.2 (1.1-1.4). There was no evidence of an oocyst residuum and/or polar granule. This parasite was detected in 2/7 (29%) S. leucogaster collected from southern Saudi Arabia. Oocysts incubated at 25 °C in 2.5% K2Cr2O7 did not sporulate after > 1 month. Unsporulated oocyst measurements were compared with other coccidian parasites of bats that discharge oocysts in their feces. Sequences of the ITS1 and the 18S rDNA regions obtained from the unsporulated oocysts grouped this coccidium from S. leucogaster with eimerian species from various rodent and squirrel species. It is critical that future investigators obtain fully sporulated oocysts of this coccidium for full description of the parasite recovered in our study so it can be correctly assigned to genus and given an accurate binomial.


Assuntos
Quirópteros/parasitologia , Coccidiose/parasitologia , Eimeriidae/classificação , Animais , DNA Ribossômico/genética , Eimeriidae/citologia , Eimeriidae/genética , Fezes/parasitologia , Oocistos/citologia , Arábia Saudita , Especificidade da Espécie
7.
Syst Parasitol ; 97(5): 529-534, 2020 10.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32813222

RESUMO

A new species of Acroeimeria Paperna & Landsberg, 1989 is described from the spotted house gecko, Gekko monarchus (Schlegel) from Peninsular Malaysia. Oöcysts of Acroeimeria grismeri n. sp. are spheroidal to subspheroidal with a smooth bi-layered wall, measure on average 18.4 × 17.3 µm, and have a length/width (L/W) ratio of 1.1; a micropyle and an oöcyst residuum are absent but variable polar granule(s) are present, commonly in Brownian movement. Sporocysts are ellipsoidal and measure on average 8.6 × 6.7 µm, L/W 1.3; Stieda, sub-Stieda and para-Stieda bodies are absent. The sporocyst residuum is composed of numerous spheroidal granules in the center of the sporocyst. This is the initial species of coccidian reported from G. monarchus and one of the few reported from any reptile from Peninsular Malaysia.


Assuntos
Eimeriidae/classificação , Lagartos/parasitologia , Animais , Eimeriidae/citologia , Malásia , Especificidade da Espécie
8.
J Avian Med Surg ; 34(2): 152-157, 2020 Jul 21.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32702954

RESUMO

A total of 356 gyrfalcon (Falco rusticolus) fecal, fomite, and environmental samples were collected from a breeding center located in the United Arab Emirates to assess the prevalence of Caryospora species oocysts in the environment. These included 136 samples (38%) from fomites and fecal samples from chicks at 0 to 10 days old, 29 samples (8%) at 15 days old, 23 samples (6%) at 60 days old, 7 samples (2%) at 67 days old, and 24 samples (7%) at 70 days old. In addition, 105 samples (29%) were collected from the environment of 13 breeding chambers, and 32 samples (9%) from the environment of 17 juvenile falcons. The prevalence of Caryospora species oocysts in fomites and fecal samples from the chicks had negative results from 10 to 60 days old. However, at 67 and 70 days old, the prevalence increased to 71.42% (5 of 7) and 95.83% (23 of 24), respectively. The prevalence of Caryospora species in the environment of 13 pairs of falcons housed in 13 breeding chambers was 0.15 oocyst/m2 in the sand, whereas, in the environment of 17 juvenile falcons housed in the free-flying aviary, the prevalence was 0.00086 oocyst/m2 in the sand and 0.15 oocyst/L in contaminated water. These results indicate that oocysts of Caryospora species may be found in the environment and in areas of poor and substandard hygiene. Caryospora species is an important protozoon parasite affecting captive falcons maintained in breeding centers and those used for falconry in the Middle East.


Assuntos
Criação de Animais Domésticos , Doenças das Aves/epidemiologia , Coccidiose/veterinária , Eimeriidae/isolamento & purificação , Falconiformes , Animais , Cruzamento , Coccidiose/epidemiologia , Meio Ambiente , Fezes/parasitologia , Prevalência , Emirados Árabes Unidos/epidemiologia
9.
Parasitol Res ; 119(7): 2139-2147, 2020 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32476061

RESUMO

Coccidian parasites of fish have received considerably less attention than their terrestrial counterparts, and within piscine hosts, most studies have focused on freshwater fish. The present study aimed to describe oocyst morphology, phylogenetic affinities, and the impacts of coccidian parasites infecting the internal organs of a commercially valuable marine fish, the blue whiting (Micromesistius poutassou), captured off the Portuguese coast. As part of the phylogenetic analysis, sequences from coccidians infecting the pout (Trisopterus luscus) and the Atlantic chub mackerel (Scomber colias) were included, and the oocyst morphology of the coccidians infecting the former was also reported. Results showed that the prevalence of coccidiosis in the blue whiting was very high (> 82%), occurring in all analyzed organs, despite being more abundant in the liver. A significant negative correlation was found between the abundance of the parasites in the liver and host condition index (p < 0.05), which indicates a negative effect on the fitness of this host. Phylogenetic analyses of the parasites found in all three species examined identified three different species of Goussia, closely related to Goussia clupearum. Adding to previous research, we propose the existence of a fourth group of Goussia, the clupearum type, able to infect multiple organs and phylogenetic related with G. clupearum.


Assuntos
Coccidiose/veterinária , Eimeriidae/classificação , Eimeriidae/patogenicidade , Doenças dos Peixes/parasitologia , Gadiformes/parasitologia , Animais , Coccidiose/parasitologia , Eimeriidae/citologia , Eimeriidae/genética , Fígado/parasitologia , Oocistos/classificação , Oocistos/citologia , Oocistos/genética , Perciformes/parasitologia , Filogenia , Portugal , Alimentos Marinhos/parasitologia
10.
Parasitol Int ; 77: 102101, 2020 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32147506

RESUMO

The coccidian genus Eumonospora Allen, 1933 is re-established. Despite morphological features and host preference among species, coccidian with octasporozoic and monosporocystic oocysts are traditionally consider to belonging in the genus Caryospora Léger, 1904 (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae). Recently, the genus Avispora Schuster et al., 2016 was proposed for above caryosporoids parasitizing birds based on combined morphological and phylogenetic analyses. However, diagnostic morphological characters of the genus Avispora, the absence of Stieda and substieda bodies, has already been mentioned in the description of the genus Eumonospora Allen, 1933 (Apicomplexa: Sarcocystidae), and thus Avispora is considered to be a junior synonym of Eumonospora. In this study, caryosporoid coccidians were detected from five owl species; Bubo scandiacus, Ptilopsis leucotis, Athene noctua, Strix nebulosa, and Pulsatrix perspicillata (Strigiformes: Strigidae) and identified as Avispora henryae (Yakimoff & Matikaschwaili, 1932) described from Bubo bubo (Strigiformes: Strigidae). Eumonospora henryae (Yakimoff & Matikaschwili, 1932) comb. nov. is redescribed for this species based not only on morphological features but also on phylogenetical analyses. The key of the genus Eumonospora and a list to the species known at present are also provided.


Assuntos
Filogenia , Sarcocystidae/classificação , Estrigiformes/parasitologia , Animais , Eimeriidae/classificação , Fezes/parasitologia , Oocistos
11.
Syst Parasitol ; 97(2): 217-222, 2020 04.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32065372

RESUMO

A new species of Acroeimeria Paperna & Landsberg, 1989 is described from Wiegmann's torquate lizard Sceloporus torquatus torquatus Wiegmann from Toluca, México. Oöcysts of Acroeimeria wiegmanni n. sp. are sub-spheroidal with a smooth bi-layered wall, measure on average 28.6 × 23.6 µm, and have a length/width (L/W) ratio of 1.2; a micropyle and an oocyst residuum are absent but polar granule(s) are present. Sporocysts are ellipsoidal and measure on average 11.7 × 8.6 µm, L/W 1.3; Stieda, sub-Stieda and para-Stieda bodies are absent. The sporocyst residuum is composed of numerous spheroidal granules in the center of the sporocyst. Endogenous stages of the new species develop in the duodenum of hosts. This is the first species of coccidian reported from S. t. torquatus and one of the few reported from a reptile in México.


Assuntos
Eimeriidae/classificação , Lagartos/parasitologia , Animais , Eimeriidae/citologia , México , Especificidade da Espécie
12.
J Parasitol ; 106(1): 71-81, 2020 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31995717

RESUMO

An unusual coccidian parasite was described previously from the prostate of a male Antechinus flavipes (family: Dasyuridae; common name: yellow-footed antechinus). Morphometrics and a partial nuclear 18S small subunit rDNA (18S rDNA) sequence were used to assign this parasite to the genus Eimeria; it was named Eimeria taggarti. We generated full nuclear 18S rDNA and mitochondrial genome sequences from this parasite and used the newly completed 18S rDNA and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) sequences to perform a more in-depth phylogenetic analysis. The parasite clustered closely with Choleoeimeria spp. and Acroeimeria spp. infecting herptiles in a well-supported clade that was the sister lineage to the Eimeriidae sensu stricto. The mitochondrial genome of this parasite contained 2 inverted segments compared to mitochondrial genomes from parasites in the Eimeriidae sensu stricto (i.e., Stieda body-possessing coccidia with 4 dizoic sporocysts); this mitochondrial genome arrangement was shared with the only Choleoeimeria species for which sequence data were available publicly. Examination of histological preparations and TEM images uncovered bivalvate sporocysts and otherwise confirmed previously described morphological features of the parasite. Based on our phylogenetic analyses and histological observations, we propose the generic reclassification of E. taggarti to Choleoeimeria taggarti n. comb.


Assuntos
Coccidiose/veterinária , Eimeriidae/genética , Genoma Mitocondrial/genética , Marsupiais/parasitologia , Próstata/parasitologia , Animais , Coccidiose/parasitologia , DNA de Protozoário/química , DNA Ribossômico/química , Eimeriidae/classificação , Eimeriidae/isolamento & purificação , Eimeriidae/ultraestrutura , Complexo IV da Cadeia de Transporte de Elétrons/genética , Masculino , Anotação de Sequência Molecular , Oocistos/ultraestrutura , Filogenia , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , RNA de Protozoário/genética , RNA Ribossômico 18S/genética , Alinhamento de Sequência
13.
Ticks Tick Borne Dis ; 11(1): 101275, 2020 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31540802

RESUMO

It is generally accepted that parasites exert negative effects on their hosts and that natural selection favors specific host responses that mitigate this impact. It is also known that some components of the host immune system often co-evolve with parasite antigens resulting in a host-parasite arms race. In addition to immunological components of the anti-parasitic response, host behavioral responses are also important in this arms race and natural selection may favor avoidance strategies that preclude contact with parasites, or shifts in the host's thermoregulatory strategy to combat active infections (e.g., behavioral fever). Ticks are widespread parasites with direct and indirect costs on their vertebrate hosts. Their saliva provokes hemolysis in the blood of their hosts and can transmit a plethora of tick-borne pathogens. We enquired whether tick infestation by Ixodes pacificus can provoke a thermoregulatory response in Sceloporus occidentalis. For this, we compared the thermoregulatory behavior of tick-infested lizards against tick-infested lizards co-infected with two different species of coccidians (Lankesterella occidentalis and Acroeimeria sceloporis). After this, lizards were kept in individual terraria with a basking spot and fed ad libitum. We found that tick-infested lizards sought cooler temperatures in proportion to their tick load, and this response was independent of the co-infection status by L. occidentalis. This was consistent in April and June (when tick loads were significantly lower) and suggests a conservative strategy to save energy which might have been selected to overcome tick infestations during phenological peaks of this parasite. However, this behavior was not observed in lizards co-infected with A. sceloporis, suggesting that co-infection with this intestinal parasite prompt lizards to be active. Cost of tick infestation was confirmed because housed lizards lost weight at a constant ratio to initial tick load, independently of other infections. The broader implications of these findings are discussed in the context of climate change.


Assuntos
Regulação da Temperatura Corporal , Coccidiose/veterinária , Eimeriida/fisiologia , Interações Hospedeiro-Parasita/fisiologia , Enteropatias Parasitárias/veterinária , Ixodes/fisiologia , Lagartos/fisiologia , Infestações por Carrapato/veterinária , Animais , Comportamento Animal , Coccidiose/parasitologia , Coccidiose/fisiopatologia , Coinfecção/parasitologia , Coinfecção/fisiopatologia , Eimeriidae/fisiologia , Hipotermia/parasitologia , Enteropatias Parasitárias/parasitologia , Enteropatias Parasitárias/fisiopatologia , Lagartos/parasitologia , Infestações por Carrapato/parasitologia , Infestações por Carrapato/fisiopatologia
14.
Parasitol Res ; 119(2): 611-621, 2020 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31754855

RESUMO

A new Caryospora-like isolate is described from a magpie-lark (Grallina cyanoleuca) in Western Australia. Sporulated oocysts of the Caryospora-like isolate (n = 35) are subspherical with a shape index of 1.13 ((21.5 (19.7-23.6) × 19.0 (18.1-19.8) µm). The bilayered oocyst wall is smooth. Micropyle, polar granule and oocyst residuum are absent. The sporocyst is ellipsoidal, 18.9 (17.2-20.8) × 12.3 (11.9-12.8) µm, with a shape index (length/width) of 1.54. The sporocyst wall is bilayered. Stieda and substieda bodies are present, the Stieda body is small and flattened and the substieda is trapezoidal. Sporocyst with eight sporozoites arranged head to tail. The sporozoites are vermiform, 18.9 (17.2-20.8) × 12.3 (11.9-12.8) µm and have striations at the anterior end. Each sporozoite has both anterior and posterior refractile bodies. A sporocyst residuum is present. Molecular characterization of the isolated Caryospora-like oocysts was conducted at the 18S ribosomal RNA and the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase (COI) loci. At the 18S rRNA locus, the Caryospora-like isolate exhibited 88.8% to 96.5% similarity with other Caryospora spp. from different hosts. At the COI locus, it showed 91.5% similarity to Caryospora cf. bigenetica JB-2013 (KF859856) from the rattlesnake, Sistrurus catenatus.


Assuntos
Doenças das Aves/parasitologia , Eimeriidae/classificação , Aves Canoras/parasitologia , Animais , DNA de Protozoário , Eimeriidae/citologia , Eimeriidae/isolamento & purificação , Feminino , Masculino , Oocistos/classificação , Filogenia , RNA Ribossômico 18S/genética , RNA Ribossômico 28S/genética , Esporozoítos , Austrália Ocidental
15.
Parasitol Res ; 119(1): 267-281, 2020 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31760500

RESUMO

Coccidia (Chromista: Miozoa: Eimeriidae) of columbiform birds (Aves: Columbiformes) have been described since the end of the nineteenth century; however, some of these descriptions were poorly detailed or inconclusive. In this sense, the current work makes a detailed taxonomic revision reconsidering and organizing 18 Eimeria spp. and two Isospora spp. previously described or reported of Columbiformes. Along with this, a new species of Eimeria is morphologically and molecularly identified by the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI) gene and by the 18S small subunit ribosomal RNA (18S) gene from the ruddy ground-dove Columbina talpacoti (Temminck, 1809) in the Médio Paraíba region of the State of Rio de Janeiro, southeastern Brazil. Eimeria columbinae n. sp. has subspheroidal oocysts, 14.7 × 13.2 µm, with smooth, bi-layered wall, ~ 1.1 µm and length/width ratio of 1.1. Micropyle and oocyst residuum are present, but polar granule is absent. Sporocysts are ellipsoidal to slightly asymmetrical, 9.0 × 5.1 µm, with both Stieda and sub-Stieda bodies. Sporocyst residuum present and sporozoites with refractile body and nucleus. This is the 19th description of an eimerian from Columbiformes in the World, and the second to have a molecular identification of the COI and 18S genes.


Assuntos
Doenças das Aves/parasitologia , Coccidiose/veterinária , Columbiformes/parasitologia , Eimeriidae/classificação , Animais , Doenças das Aves/epidemiologia , Brasil/epidemiologia , Coccidiose/epidemiologia , Coccidiose/parasitologia , Ciclo-Oxigenase 1/genética , Eimeriidae/citologia , Eimeriidae/genética , Eimeriidae/isolamento & purificação , Oocistos/citologia , Oocistos/isolamento & purificação , Proteínas de Protozoários/genética , RNA Ribossômico 18S/genética , Esporozoítos/citologia , Esporozoítos/isolamento & purificação
16.
J Fish Dis ; 42(6): 905-912, 2019 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30933363

RESUMO

Ninety-seven specimens of spotfin hatchetfish, Thoracocharax stellatus, an ornamental freshwater species from the Amazon basin, were captured in the basin of the Guamá River in the municipality of Belém, in northern Brazil, and analysed for coccidiosis infection. Overall, 26 of the specimens were infected by apicomplexan parasites of the genus Goussia, with unsporulated forms being found in the gastric epithelium and sporulated forms in the intestinal lumen. The spheroid oocysts (mean diameter: 13.2 ± 1.7 µm) have four elliptical sporocysts. A partial sequence of the SSU rDNA of the new species was obtained, which contained 1,121 base pairs, with 43.8% guanine + cytosine (G + C), and the bases distributed as follows: A = 28.1%, C = 18.3%, G = 25.5% and T = 28.1%. The combined analysis of the morphometric and phylogenetic evidence confirmed that the specimens represented the genus Goussia and were allocated to a new species, Goussia guamaensis n. sp., which is described here.


Assuntos
Caraciformes/parasitologia , Coccidiose/veterinária , Eimeriidae/classificação , Eimeriidae/genética , Doenças dos Peixes/parasitologia , Mucosa Gástrica/parasitologia , Animais , Brasil , Água Doce , Intestinos/parasitologia , Oocistos/genética , Oocistos/isolamento & purificação , Filogenia , Análise de Sequência de DNA
17.
J Parasitol ; 105(1): 1-10, 2019 02.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30807715

RESUMO

In March and April 2016, 150 white perch ( Morone americana) were collected from various localities in Chesapeake Bay and examined for coccidia. A previously undescribed species of coccidia was observed in the hepatic bile ducts and gallbladder of all white perch (100%) examined. We describe this species using morphological characteristics, histology, and gene sequences of the small-subunit ribosomal DNA ( rDNA), large-subunit rDNA, and mitochondrial genes cytochrome oxidase 1 ( COI), cytochrome oxidase b ( Cytb), and cytochrome oxidase 3 ( COIII). Oocysts of Goussia bayae n. sp. were subspherical with a single-layered smooth wall and measured (length [L] × width [W]) 26.2 × 21.8 µm, with a L/W ratio of 1.2. A micropyle was present but a micropyle cap, polar granules, and oocyst residuum were absent. Each oocyst contained 4 sporocysts that were ellipsoidal and measured (L × W) 12.6 × 7.8 µm, with a L/W ratio of 1.6. A pair of sporozoites was present, but sporocysts lacked a Stieda body and residuua. Meronts and gamonts were epicellular in biliary epithelial cells and oocysts were coelozoic in hepatic and common bile ducts and gallbladder. This is the first report of Goussia spp. from white perch and the first mitochondrial DNA sequence reported from a Goussia species. Phylogenetic analysis indicates basal placement of G. bayae to Eimeriidae, Choleoeimeria, and Sarcocystidae.


Assuntos
Bass/parasitologia , Coccidiose/veterinária , Eimeriidae/classificação , Doenças dos Peixes/parasitologia , Animais , Baías , Ductos Biliares Intra-Hepáticos/parasitologia , Coccidiose/parasitologia , DNA Ribossômico/química , Eimeriidae/genética , Eimeriidae/ultraestrutura , Complexo IV da Cadeia de Transporte de Elétrons/genética , Feminino , Vesícula Biliar/parasitologia , Masculino , Maryland , Mitocôndrias/genética , Oocistos/ultraestrutura , Filogenia , Rios , Virginia
18.
J Parasitol ; 105(1): 113-123, 2019 02.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30807719

RESUMO

Legless lizards (Amphisbaenia) belong to a group of mostly legless squamates that include about 196 species. One genus ( Bipes) retains a pair of forelimbs, but all other 19 genera in the clade are limbless. They are widely distributed, occurring in the Middle East and the Caribbean and nearly all of the major continents (except Australia). Only 2/6 (33%) families, 3/20 (15%) genera, and 4/195 (2%) species in the Amphisbaenia clade of the Sauria have been examined for coccidia and 8 coccidia species are now known. Here, we summarize information on the 8 species of coccidia (3 Choleoeimeria, 1 Eimeria, 4 Isospora) reported from legless lizards of the world. In addition, Eimeria amphisbaeniarum Huntington, Cisper, Smith, Powell, Parmerlee Jr., and Lathrop, 1996, is placed in the genus Choleoeimeria. We speculate that another 380 intestinal coccidia infecting this unique reptilian lineage wait to be discovered.


Assuntos
Eimeriidae/classificação , Lagartos/parasitologia , Animais , Eimeriidae/ultraestrutura , Lagartos/classificação
19.
Eur J Protistol ; 67: 71-76, 2019 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30481662

RESUMO

Intranuclear coccidiosis of testudines (known as TINC) is an emerging disease in chelonians. Although endogenous stages were repeatedly detected in various tissues, attempts to find the oocysts in faeces failed, leaving the question of the transmission and classification of the causative agent of TINC unresolved. We recorded small spherical oocysts (∼6-7 µm in diameter) of an eimeriid coccidium in faeces of a leopard tortoise (Stigmochelys pardalis). Sporulated oocysts were used for the experimental oral inoculation of juvenile coccidia-free tortoises representing 5 species (S. pardalis, Testudo graeca, T. hermanni, T. horsfieldii, and Geochelone sulcata). The oocysts' association with TINC was confirmed based on clinical signs, histopathological findings of intranuclear endogenous stages of the coccidium in many organs (including intestine), and by the partial 18S rDNA sequence analysis of the DNA isolated from organs of the experimentally infected animals and from a single naturally infected as well as from all experimentally infected tortoises. Breeding colonies of chelonians should be screened for this pathogen in order to prevent its further spread and unwanted introduction into endangered free-ranging chelonian populations.


Assuntos
Coccidiose/veterinária , Eimeriidae/classificação , Eimeriidae/fisiologia , Doenças Parasitárias em Animais/parasitologia , Tartarugas/parasitologia , Animais , Coccidiose/parasitologia , Coccidiose/prevenção & controle , Coccidiose/transmissão , Eimeriidae/genética , Eimeriidae/isolamento & purificação , Fezes/parasitologia , Oocistos , Doenças Parasitárias em Animais/prevenção & controle , Doenças Parasitárias em Animais/transmissão , RNA Ribossômico 18S/genética
20.
Vet Parasitol ; 255: 98-101, 2018 May 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29773145

RESUMO

Systemic isosporosis, also called atoxoplasmosis or visceral coccidiosis, is a disease that affects birds in general. Pathogenesis of systemic isosporosis and its etiologic agent have not been well characterized, but taxonomically Atoxoplasma is currently considered a junior objective synonym of Isospora. The present report aimed to describe pathological and molecular findings of systemic isosporosis in captive green-winged saltators (Saltator similis) from the State of Espírito Santo, Brazil. In a commercial breeding facility eleven birds with two to nine months of age died from 2015 to 2016. These birds developed nonspecific clinical signs, including bristly feathers, hyporexia, loss of weight, and apathy. Two birds were necropsied, and grossly there were hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, necrosis of lymphoid follicles, hepatic necrosis, and severe enteritis. Merozoites were observed in the heart, small intestine, proventriculus, brain, liver, spleen, and kidneys. 23 S RNA PCR amplicons from DNA extracted from the liver and the intestinal contents had 99% identity with Atoxoplasma sp., whereas amplicons of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 ha d 97% identity with Isospora greineri. In conclusion, this report indicates that systemic isosporosis in green-winged saltator is a disease that affects the spleen, liver, and small intestine, with high mortality for young birds, resulting in significant loses to commercial breeding facilities.


Assuntos
Doenças das Aves/patologia , Coccidiose/veterinária , Eimeriidae/isolamento & purificação , Aves Canoras , Animais , Doenças das Aves/parasitologia , Brasil , Coccidiose/parasitologia , Coccidiose/patologia , Eimeriidae/genética , Isospora/genética , Isospora/isolamento & purificação , Isosporíase/parasitologia , Isosporíase/patologia , Isosporíase/veterinária , Filogenia , RNA de Protozoário/genética , RNA Ribossômico 23S/genética
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