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1.
PLoS One ; 18(9): e0287097, 2023.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37773971

RESUMO

Many digenean trematodes require three hosts to complete their life cycle. For Cymatocarpus solearis (Brachycoeliidae), the first intermediate host is unknown; the Caribbean spiny lobster Panulirus argus is a second intermediate host, and the loggerhead turtle Caretta caretta, a lobster predator, is the definitive host. Trophically-transmitted parasites may alter the behavior or general condition of intermediate hosts in ways that increase the hosts' rates of consumption by definitive hosts. Here, we examined the effects of infection by C. solearis on P. argus by comparing several physiological and behavioral variables among uninfected lobsters (0 cysts) and lobsters with light (1-10 cysts), moderate (11-30 cysts), and heavy (>30 cysts) infections. Physiological variables were hepatosomatic index, growth rate, hemocyte count, concentration in hemolymph of cholesterol, protein, albumin, glucose, dopamine (DA) and serotonin (5-HT). Behavioral variables included seven components of the escape response (delay to escape, duration of swimming bout, distance traveled in a swimming bout, swim velocity, acceleration, force exerted, and work performed while swimming). There was no relationship between lobster size or sex and number of cysts. Significant differences among the four lobster groups occurred only in concentration of glucose (lower in heavily infected lobsters) and 5-HT (higher in heavily and moderately infected lobsters) in plasma. As changes in 5-HT concentration can modify the host's activity patterns or choice of microhabitat, our results suggest that infection with C. solearis may alter the behavior of spiny lobsters, potentially increasing the likelihood of trophic transmission of the parasite to the definitive host.


Assuntos
Crangonidae , Cistos , Decápodes , Palinuridae , Trematódeos , Animais , Serotonina , Região do Caribe
2.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37481107

RESUMO

Lipids play essential roles in cell-structuring, cell-signaling, and as efficient metabolic energy stores. Lipid storage capacities determine life history traits of organisms and, thus, their ecological function. Among storage lipids, triacylglycerols (TAGs) are widespread in marine invertebrates. However, abilities to accumulate TAGs can vary even between closely related species, such as the caridean shrimps Crangon crangon and Pandalus montagui. The first species shows low TAG levels throughout the year in the main storage organ, the midgut gland, while the latter accumulates high TAG-levels, peaking in summer. TAGs synthesis is facilitated by the terminal step of the Kennedy-pathway, where the enzyme diacylglycerol-acyltransferase (DGAT) catalyzes the esterification of diacylglycerols with activated fatty acids. We investigated DGAT activity in the midgut gland using a fluorescent enzyme assay. Sequence information was extracted from whole transcriptome shotgun assembly data, that is publicly available on NCBI, and catalytic properties were deduced from molecular structure analysis. C. crangon showed significantly lower TAG synthesis rates than P. montagui, which explains the native TAG levels. Transcriptome data yielded several isoforms of DGAT enzymes in both species. C. crangon DGAT showed point mutations, which are capable of obstructing the catalytic capacity. The consequences are limited starvation resistance and, thus, presumably restricting C. crangon to a habitat with year-round sufficient food. In contrast, higher TAG synthesis rates presumably enable P. montagui to extend into northern subarctic habitats with limited food availability in winter. Moreover, the limited TAG synthesis and accumulation in the midgut gland may force C. crangon to direct energy into the ovaries, which results in multiple spawnings.


Assuntos
Crangonidae , Traços de História de Vida , Pandalidae , Animais , Diacilglicerol O-Aciltransferase/genética , Diacilglicerol O-Aciltransferase/metabolismo , Pandalidae/metabolismo , Crangonidae/metabolismo , Ácidos Graxos/metabolismo , Triglicerídeos/metabolismo
3.
Zootaxa ; 5182(1): 75-83, 2022 Sep 02.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36095698

RESUMO

Lissosabinea tridentata (Pequegnat, 1970) known hitherto from the Gulf of Mexico off Florida (24N) and only western Atlantic representative of the genus, is reported here for the first time from much further south, Brazil off the coast of Esprito Santo, Vitria-Trindade Seamount Chain, Montague Bank (20S), between 310 and 391 m. A second western Atlantic species, Lissosabinea christofferseni sp. nov., is described here as new from material collected in the Abrolhos Bank, at depth between 340360 m. One exuviae and one damaged specimen, reported in 1988 from off the coast of Chu, Brazil (34S) (at that time mistakenly referred to as Uruguay) and attributed to Lissosabinea cf. tridentata are herein referred to the new species. It has been clarified that Lissosabinea christofferseni sp. nov. and L. tridentata have a transverse row of teeth adjacent to the posterior margin of the sixth pleonal sternite; in crangonids, such a feature is so far known only in Placopsicrangron formosa Komai Chan, 2009.


Assuntos
Crangonidae , Decápodes , Hidrozoários , Distribuição Animal , Animais , Brasil
4.
Dis Aquat Organ ; 151: 11-22, 2022 Sep 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36047670

RESUMO

Panulirus argus virus 1 (PaV1) (Family Mininucleoviridae) causes chronic and systemic infection in wild juvenile spiny lobsters Panulirus argus (Latreille, 1804), ending in death by starvation and metabolic wasting. In marine decapods, the antennal gland is involved in osmoregulation and excretion. In this compact organ, fluid is filtered from the hemolymph, and ions are reabsorbed to produce a hypotonic urine. Although PaV1 is released with the urine in infected individuals, little is known regarding the metabolic effect of PaV1 in the antennal gland. The objective of this study was to perform a comparative evaluation of the metabolic profile of the antennal gland of clinically PaV1-infected lobsters versus those with no clinical signs of infection, using proton nuclear magnetic resonance analysis. Overall, 48 compounds were identified, and the most represented metabolites were those involved in carbohydrate, amino acid, energy, and nucleotide metabolism. Most of the metabolites that were down-regulated in the infected group were essential and non-essential amino acids. Some metabolites involved in the urea cycle and carbohydrate metabolism were also altered. This study represents a first approach to the metabolic evaluation of the antennal gland. We broadly discuss alterations in the content of several proteinogenic and non-proteinogenic amino acids and other key metabolites involved in energetic and nucleotide metabolism.


Assuntos
Crangonidae , Palinuridae , Aminoácidos , Animais , Região do Caribe , Vírus de DNA , Nucleotídeos
5.
J Exp Biol ; 225(12)2022 06 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35647661

RESUMO

The anaesthetic isoeugenol has been used as metabolic suppressant for commercial transport of live lobsters in order to decrease energy expenditure and improve survival. Given the central role of mitochondria in metabolism and structural similarities of isoeugenol to the mitochondrial electron carrier coenzyme Q, we explored the influence on mitochondrial function of isoeugenol. Mitochondrial function was measured using high-resolution respirometry and saponin-permeabilised heart fibres from the Australasian red spiny lobster, Jasus edwardsii. Relative to vehicle (polysorbate), isoeugenol inhibited respiration supported by complex I (CI) and cytochrome c oxidase (CCO). While complex II (CII), which also reduces coenzyme Q, was largely unaffected by isoeugenol, respiration supported by CII when uncoupled was depressed. Titration of isoeugenol indicates that respiration through CI has a half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 2.4±0.1 µmol l-1, and a full-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC100-) of approximately 6.3 µmol l-1. These concentrations are consistent with those used for transport and euthanasia of J. edwardsii and indicate that CI is a possible target of isoeugenol, like many other anaesthetics with quinone-like structures.


Assuntos
Anestésicos , Crangonidae , Palinuridae , Animais , Eugenol/análogos & derivados , Mitocôndrias , Ubiquinona
6.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35489666

RESUMO

Stage I phyllosoma larvae of the spiny lobster Panulirus ornatus hatch in tropical oceanic waters with limited and variable food resources. To better understand how these larvae cope with food deprivation, this study examined specific (mU mg-1 protein) and total (mU larva-1) activities of major digestive enzymes (i.e., α-amylase, non-specific esterase, trypsin-like protease) during a series of ex situ experiments. Specifically, temporal changes in enzyme profiles were examined in three experiments simulating scenarios in which phyllosoma hatch and begin development in an environment where (1) prey is either continuously present or absent; (2) prey is initially present, but subsequently absent; (3) prey is initially absent, but subsequently present. Results indicated that the accessibility of suitable prey provides an overarching influence on digestive enzyme activities and substrate utilisation in Stage I phyllosoma of P. ornatus, with enzymatic responses to both intermittent prey availability and food deprivation being influenced by their nutritional history. In the absence of prey, larval digestive enzyme activities (mU larva-1) initially remained static from hatch but eventually declined with extended food deprivation. When prey became available, enzyme activities increased, with delayed access to prey having minimal impact on this enzymatic response. Furthermore, phyllosoma were able to adjust α-amylase and non-specific esterase activities (within 8 h) in response to the disappearance of prey, demonstrating adaptive changes to endure periods of food deprivation that were based on their nutritional history. The ability of phyllosoma to regulate enzyme activities from hatch is an important physiological strategy allowing them to survive in an environment characterised by highly variable zooplankton biomass and abundance, and explains why diets that differ greatly in nutrient composition have consistently been found effective for rearing phyllosoma in captivity.


Assuntos
Crangonidae , Palinuridae , Amilases/metabolismo , Animais , Carboxilesterase/metabolismo , Crangonidae/metabolismo , Larva/metabolismo , Palinuridae/metabolismo , Proteínas/metabolismo , alfa-Amilases/metabolismo
7.
Zootaxa ; 5121(1): 1-74, 2022 Mar 30.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35391143

RESUMO

This checklist is the fifth and last compilation on the decapod crustaceans reported to So Paulo (Brazil) coastal area, resulting from long-term multidisciplinary projects, which combined morphological analyses and molecular techniques. The current research includes 75 decapod species, herein referred as shrimps/lobsters-like (shrimps, ghost-shrimps, lobsters, and related groups), reported to So Paulo coastal area. These species occur in marine, estuarine, and amphidromous habitats and are classified into 21 families as follow: Aristeidae (2 spp., 2 genera), Atyidae (4 spp., 2 genera), Axianassidae (1 sp., 1 genus), Callianassidae (1 sp., 1 genus), Callichiridae (6 spp., 4 genera), Crangonidae (1 sp., 1 genus), Glyphocrangonidae (1 sp., 1 genus), Luciferidae (2 spp., 2 genera), Nephropidae (4 spp., 2 genera), Palaemonidae (15 spp., 9 genera), Palinuridae (2 spp., 1 genus), Pandalidae (1 sp., 1 genus), Pasiphaeidae (1 sp., 1 genus), Penaeidae (10 spp., 6 genera), Sergestidae (3 spp., 3 genera), Sicyoniidae (4 spp., 1 genus), Scyllaridae (5 spp., 3 genera), Solenoceridae (4 spp., 3 genera), Stenopodidae (2 spp., 1 genus), and Upogebiidae (6 spp., 1 genus). We generated new sequences of cytochrome oxidase subunit I (barcode region) and 16S genes (51 and 54, respectively) of 54 species. Our examination concluded that 75 shrimps/lobsters-like species are reported to the So Paulo coast. We excluded Leander tenuicornis (Palaemonidae), Penaeus setiferus (Penaeidae), Philocheras gorei (Crangonidae), and Rhynchocinetes typus (Rhynchocinetidae) from this list.


Assuntos
Crangonidae , Decápodes , Penaeidae , Animais , Brasil , Decápodes/genética , Humanos , Filogenia
8.
Environ Pollut ; 302: 119023, 2022 Jun 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35189296

RESUMO

Marine invertebrates inhabiting estuaries and coastal areas are exposed to natural suspended particulate matter (SPM) like clay or diatom shells but also to anthropogenic particles like microplastics. SPM concentrations may reach 1 g per liter and more, comprising hundreds of millions of items in the size range of less than 100 µm. Suspension feeders and deposit feeders involuntarily ingest these particles along with their food. We investigated whether natural and anthropogenic microparticles at concentrations of 20 mg L-1, which correspond to natural environmental SPM concentrations in coastal marine waters, are ingested by the brown shrimp Crangon crangon and whether these particles induce an oxidative stress response in digestive gland tissue. Shrimp were exposed to clay, silica, TiO2, polyvinyl chloride (PVC), or polylactide microplastics (PLA) for 6, 12, 24, and 48 h, respectively. The activities of the anti-oxidative enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and glutathione reductase (GR) were measured. All five particle types were ingested by the shrimp along with food. The presence of the particles in the shrimp stomach was verified by scanning electron microscopy. The activities of the anti-oxidative enzymes did not vary between animals exposed to different types of microparticles and control animals that did not receive particles. The temporal activity differed between the three enzymes. The lack of a specific biochemical response may reflect an adaptation of C. crangon to life in an environment where frequent ingestion of non-digestible microparticles is unavoidable and continuous maintenance of inducible biochemical defense would be energetically costly. Habitat characteristics as well as natural feeding habits may be important factors to consider in the interpretation of hazard and species-specific risk assessment.


Assuntos
Crangonidae , Penaeidae , Animais , Microplásticos , Plásticos
9.
Viruses ; 13(9)2021 08 26.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34578276

RESUMO

Multiple enveloped viruses with rod-shaped nucleocapsids have been described, infecting the epithelial cell nuclei within the hepatopancreas tubules of crustaceans. These bacilliform viruses share the ultrastructural characteristics of nudiviruses, a specific clade of viruses infecting arthropods. Using histology, electron microscopy and high throughput sequencing, we characterise two further bacilliform viruses from aquatic hosts, the brown shrimp (Crangon crangon) and the European shore crab (Carcinus maenas). We assembled the full double stranded, circular DNA genome sequences of these viruses (~113 and 132 kbp, respectively). Comparative genomics and phylogenetic analyses confirm that both belong within the family Nudiviridae but in separate clades representing nudiviruses found in freshwater and marine environments. We show that the three thymidine kinase (tk) genes present in all sequenced nudivirus genomes, thus far, were absent in the Crangon crangon nudivirus, suggesting there are twenty-eight core genes shared by all nudiviruses. Furthermore, the phylogenetic data no longer support the subdivision of the family Nudiviridae into four genera (Alphanudivirus to Deltanudivirus), as recently adopted by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV), but rather shows two main branches of the family that are further subdivided. Our data support a recent proposal to create two subfamilies within the family Nudiviridae, each subdivided into several genera.


Assuntos
Crangonidae/virologia , Genoma Viral , Nudiviridae/classificação , Nudiviridae/genética , Filogenia , Animais , Genômica , Hepatopâncreas/virologia , Nudiviridae/isolamento & purificação , Água do Mar/virologia
10.
Parasitology ; 148(13): 1691-1696, 2021 11.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34369334

RESUMO

Cod was one of the most important fish species in the Baltic Sea, but its condition is deteriorating for several reasons, including an increasing parasite burden. The aim of this study was to determine the source of infection of Baltic cod with parasites by examination of invertebrates found in situ in the cod stomach. A total of 1681 cod were sampled during four research cruises in the southern Baltic Sea in 2012, 2013 and 2014 and the composition of their diet was analysed. Each prey item from cod stomach was identified to the lowest possible taxonomic level and a parasitological analysis of all invertebrates collected was performed. Crangon crangon, Saduria entomon and Mysis mixta were the most commonly represented invertebrates among food items. Hysterothylacium aduncum was found only in C. crangon. This host­parasite system is reported here for the first time in situ in the stomach of cod from the Baltic Sea, confirming the role of C. crangon in cod infection with H. aduncum.


Assuntos
Ascaridoidea , Crangonidae , Doenças dos Peixes , Gadus morhua , Parasitos , Animais , Doenças dos Peixes/parasitologia , Gadus morhua/parasitologia
11.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int ; 28(17): 21303-21313, 2021 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33411276

RESUMO

In this study, a microcosm experiment was conducted for 30 days to assess the impact of the presence of juvenile gray shrimp Crangon crangon on meiofauna. The results suggested that juvenile shrimp had a significant negative impact on the abundance of nematodes and copepods, but no effect on polychaetes. Moreover, nematodes showed a significant decline in individual weight. The collected nematodes were taxonomically identified and assigned to five functional traits: shapes of the tail and amphid, life history, feeding types, and adult length. The nematode traits were affected by the number of shrimp introduced, and descriptors followed normal or inversed bell-shaped curves. When no shrimp were present, the nematofauna had a higher species richness compared with treatments of 4, 8, and 12 shrimp. Bell-shaped curve patterns were common in relation to the two phases of feeding for C. crangon. During the first phase, C. crangon consumed the nematode species Oncholaimus campylocercoides; thereafter, shrimp fed mostly on the nematode Anticoma eberthi and copepods.


Assuntos
Copépodes , Crangonidae , Nematoides , Animais , Larva , Alimentos Marinhos
12.
Zoology (Jena) ; 143: 125848, 2020 12.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33160149

RESUMO

Microplastic pollution is an emerging threat to marine biota. Uptake of microplastics can impair nutrition and affect the performance of organisms. However, the vulnerability to microplastics seems to vary between species for yet widely unexplored reasons. We investigated the stomach content of the brown shrimp, Crangon crangon, from the southern North Sea and performed feeding experiments and anatomical studies of the digestive organs to comprehend the distribution of fluorescent microparticles within the shrimp. Shrimp collected in their natural environment contained between 51 and more than 3,000 sand grains and fragments of bivalve shells in their stomachs. Sand grains may have been ingested to exploit the associated biofilm or to support maceration of food. Bivalve shell fragments were particularly abundant in summer when shrimp fed on freshly settled mussels. Shrimps' stomach can be cleaned from ingested particles by regurgitation. In an experimental approach, we administered fluorescent microbeads of 0.1, 2.1, and 9.9 µm diameter. Only the smallest particles (0.1 µm) entered the midgut gland, which is the principal site of nutrient resorption in crustaceans. A fine-meshed chitinous filter system in the stomach of the shrimp prevents the passage of particles larger than about 1 µm. C. crangon appears well adapted to handle natural microscopic particles. This trait might also be advantageous in coping with microplastic pollution.


Assuntos
Crangonidae/efeitos dos fármacos , Crangonidae/fisiologia , Microplásticos , Poluentes Químicos da Água/toxicidade , Animais , Crangonidae/anatomia & histologia , Conteúdo Gastrointestinal/química , Análise Espectral Raman , Poluentes Químicos da Água/química
13.
Dis Aquat Organ ; 141: 117-126, 2020 Sep 24.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32969344

RESUMO

The brown shrimp Crangon crangon is a key component of the North Atlantic coastal food web and an important target species for the fishery economy. As the brown shrimp contains large amounts of protein and essential fatty acids, its consumption makes it a beneficial choice for humans. Commercially harvested crustaceans like C. crangon are frequently affected by bacterial shell disease, with necrotizing erosions and ulcerations of the cuticle. To determine whether shell disease influences the nutritional value of C. crangon, total protein and lipid contents, as well as fatty acid compositions of muscle tissue and hepatopancreas, together with the hepatosomatic index, were examined in healthy and affected individuals. The biochemical composition of the tissues did not differ significantly between the 2 groups. Also, the hepatosomatic index, as an indicator of energy reserves in shrimps, was similar between healthy and affected animals. Our results indicate that the nutritional value of C. crangon is not affected by shell disease, as long as it remains superficial as in the present study.


Assuntos
Crangonidae , Penaeidae , Animais , Pesqueiros , Hepatopâncreas , Humanos , Mar do Norte
14.
Ecotoxicology ; 29(9): 1368-1376, 2020 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32857222

RESUMO

The effects of antidepressants in the environment are starting to generate considerable interest due to the fact that neurotransmitters influence a range of biological processes. Crypsis is an important behavioural and physiological response in many crustaceans modulated by monoamine and pigment dispersing/concentrating hormones. This study aimed to develop a test methodology and investigate the effects of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), fluoxetine, on a chromatophore index and overall carapace 'darkness' in the common sand shrimp Crangon crangon. Adult shrimp were exposed for either 1 h, 1 day or 1 week across a range of nominal fluoxetine concentrations (10 ng/L, 100 ng/L and 1000 ng/L) and the chromatophore index or carapace percentage 'darkness' was recorded following 30 min on white and black substrates. These experiments were repeated three times using different specimens. Animals became significantly darker (~20%) on darker background and lighter on light backgrounds as one might expect. However, time periods over which the animals were recorded had a significant impact on the colouration suggesting habituation to laboratory conditions. Fluoxetine exposure came up as a significant factor in two of the three trials for the chromatophore index but the results was inconsistent between trials. There was a high degree of correlation between the chromatophore index and the percentage darkness analyses however, there was no significant effects for fluoxetine exposure with the percentage darkness data. We conclude that the effects on antidepressants on colour change remain inconclusive from these experiments and we discuss potential areas to improve the repeatability of the experiments.


Assuntos
Antidepressivos/toxicidade , Cromatóforos/efeitos dos fármacos , Crangonidae/fisiologia , Fluoxetina/toxicidade , Animais , Pigmentação
15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32621989

RESUMO

The brown shrimp, Crangon crangon, is well adapted to the variable environmental conditions in the southern North Sea. It is very abundant, has high reproduction rates, and holds a key position in coastal ecosystems. This species has very low lipid deposits in the midgut gland, suggesting that the main function of the midgut gland is metabolic turnover rather than energy storage. Based on seasonal gene expression studies and established transcriptome data, we investigated key components of lipid metabolic pathways. Gene expression of triacylglycerol lipase, phospholipase, and fatty acid desaturase were analyzed and compared with that of other digestive enzymes involved in lipid, carbohydrate, and protein catabolism. Our results suggest that gene expression of digestive enzymes involved in lipid metabolism is modulated by the lipid content in the midgut gland and is related to food availability. Brown shrimp seem to be capable of using cellular phospholipids during periods of food paucity but high energetic (lipid) requirements. Two of three isoforms of fatty acid binding proteins (FABPs) from the midgut gland involved in fatty acid transport showed specific mutations of the binding site. We hypothesize that the mutations in FABPs and deficiencies in anabolic pathways limit lipid storage capacities in the midgut gland of C. crangon. In turn, food utilization, including lipid catabolism, has to be efficient to fulfill the energetic requirements of brown shrimp.


Assuntos
Proteínas de Artrópodes/metabolismo , Crangonidae/metabolismo , Animais , Proteínas de Artrópodes/genética , Crangonidae/genética , Proteínas de Ligação a Ácido Graxo/genética , Proteínas de Ligação a Ácido Graxo/metabolismo , Trato Gastrointestinal/metabolismo , Perfilação da Expressão Gênica , Metabolismo dos Lipídeos , Estações do Ano , Transcriptoma
16.
J Gen Virol ; 101(6): 651-666, 2020 06.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32391748

RESUMO

Crangon crangon is economically a very important species. Recently, promising culture attempts have been made, but a major problem is the uncontrollable mortality during the grow-out phase. As of yet, the life cycle of C. crangon is not closed in captivity so wild-caught individuals are used for further rearing. Therefore, it is important to investigate the virome of C. crangon both in wild-caught animals as in cultured animals. In recent years, next-generation-sequencing (NGS) technologies have been very important in the unravelling of the virome of a wide range of environments and matrices, such as soil, sea, potable water, but also of a wide range of animal species. This will be the first report of a virome study in C. crangon using NGS in combination with the NetoVIR protocol. The near complete genomes of 16 novel viruses were described, most of which were rather distantly related to unclassified viruses or viruses belonging to the Picornavirales, Bunyavirales Nudiviridae, Parvoviridae, Flaviviridae, Hepeviridae, Tombusviridae, Narnaviridae, Nodaviridae, Sobemovirus. A difference in virome composition was observed between muscle and hepatopancreatic tissue, suggesting a distinct tissue tropism of several of these viruses. Some differences in the viral composition were noted between the cultured and wild shrimp, which could indicate that in sub-optimal aquaculture conditions some viruses become more abundant. This research showed that a plethora of unknown viruses is present in C. crangon and that more research is needed to determine which virus is potentially dangerous for the culture of C. crangon.


Assuntos
Crangonidae/virologia , Vírus de DNA/patogenicidade , Animais , Aquicultura , Penaeidae/virologia
17.
Dis Aquat Organ ; 138: 35-40, 2020 Feb 27.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32103821

RESUMO

The European brown shrimp Crangon crangon is an abundant and commercially important species in the North Sea. Currently, there is interest in landing live shrimp to provide fresh animals for a growing market in live brown shrimp. During 4 survival studies between 2014 and 2016, shrimp were collected from commercial trawlers and maintained alive in off-shore facilities. From Day 1 onwards, a minority of shrimp (~2.24%) developed a white discoloration of the abdominal muscles and a depigmentation of the distal part of the abdomen, along with paralysis of the affected tissues and appendages. As the symptoms progressed, a circumferential blackish delineation appeared, creating a distinct boundary between healthy and necrotic tissue. Affected shrimp survived up to 3 wk, although in several animals the distal part of the tail was completely lost. Histological and electron microscopical examination confirmed the myonecrosis. A secondary bacterial invasion of the necrotic muscle was observed in some animals. RT-PCR for infectious myonecrosis virus was negative. The condition appears not to be contagious, based on the feeding of healthy shrimp with necrotic tissue of affected shrimp. Based on these observations, a mechanical cause inflicted during the catching process is proposed.


Assuntos
Crangonidae , Animais , Bactérias , Mar do Norte
18.
Parasitology ; 146(13): 1699-1706, 2019 11.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31391140

RESUMO

Cod (Gadus morhua), an important fish species in the Baltic Sea, is the paratenic host for many parasite species, including the zoonotic nematodes, Anisakis sp. and Contracaecum osculatum. We aimed to identify which invertebrate species (found in situ in the fish stomach) are responsible for infection of cod with zoonotic nematodes. We found that Crangon crangon and Gammarus sp., both invertebrate prey species of cod, were infected with Anisakis simplex and C. osculatum, respectively. These host-parasite systems are reported here for the first time, implicating C. crangon and Gammarus sp. as sources of infection of Baltic cod with zoonotic nematodes.


Assuntos
Anisakis/isolamento & purificação , Crangonidae/parasitologia , Doenças dos Peixes/parasitologia , Gadus morhua/parasitologia , Invertebrados/parasitologia , Animais , Anisakis/anatomia & histologia , Anisakis/classificação , Conteúdo Gastrointestinal/parasitologia , Interações Hospedeiro-Parasita
19.
Environ Pollut ; 252(Pt A): 205-215, 2019 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31151059

RESUMO

This study aimed to evaluate and qualify field-based potential risks of seven neonicotinoid and phenylpyrazole (fipronil) insecticides on aquatic invertebrates, including estuary-resident marine crustaceans. One hundred and ninety-three estuarine water samples, with salinity ranging from 0.5 to 32.7, were collected from four estuarine sites in the Seto Inland Sea of Japan, in 2015-2018 and the insecticide levels were measured. Five neonicotinoid and fipronil insecticides were successfully identified, and their occurrence varied temporally. Marine crustaceans were simultaneously harvested every month from one of the estuarine water sampling sites in 2015-2017. Three predominant crustacean species, kuruma prawn (Penaeus japonicus), sand shrimp (Crangon uritai), and mysid (Neomysis awatschensis), were captured and their seasonal presence was species independent. A 96-h laboratory toxicity study with the insecticides using kuruma prawn, sand shrimp, and a surrogate mysid species (Americamysis bahia) indicated that fipronil exerted the highest toxicity to the three crustaceans. Using both toxicity data and insecticide occurrence in estuarine water (salinity ≥10, n = 169), the potential risks on the three marine crustaceans were quantified by calculating the proportion of mixture toxicity effects (Pmix). The Pmix of seven neonicotinoids on the crustaceans was less than 0.8%, which is likely to be too low to indicate adverse effects caused by the insecticides. However, short temporal detection of fipronil (exclusively in June and July) significantly affected the Pmix, which presented the maximal Pmix values of 21%, 3.4%, and 72% for kuruma prawn, sand shrimp, and mysid, respectively, indicating a significant effect on the organisms. As for estuarine water (salinity <10), some water samples contained imidacloprid and fipronil exceeding the freshwater benchmarks for aquatic invertebrates. The present study provides novel insights into the seasonally varying risks of insecticides to estuarine crustaceans and highlights the importance of considering whether ecological risk periods coincide with crustacean presence.


Assuntos
Crangonidae/efeitos dos fármacos , Inseticidas/análise , Neonicotinoides/análise , Nitrocompostos/análise , Penaeidae/efeitos dos fármacos , Pirazóis/análise , Poluentes Químicos da Água/toxicidade , Animais , Ecologia , Estuários , Água Doce/química , Inseticidas/toxicidade , Japão , Neonicotinoides/toxicidade , Nitrocompostos/toxicidade , Pirazóis/toxicidade , Poluentes Químicos da Água/análise
20.
PLoS One ; 14(1): e0210882, 2019.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30689649

RESUMO

In marine ecosystems, maximum sustainable yield considerations are affected by any substantial changes that occur in the top and bottom compartments of the food-web. This study explores how the southern North Sea's fisheries may need to adjust their fishing efforts to maintain optimum yields of sole, plaice, cod and brown shrimps under increased marine mammal populations and a reduced primary productivity. We constructed plausible scenarios of ongoing food-web changes using the results of Bayesian age-structured population models to estimate carrying capacities of harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) and grey seals (Halichoerus grypus). Losses in primary productivity were predicted by lower trophic level ecosystem models. These scenarios were implemented in a food-web model of the southern North Sea. For each scenario, we sought mixed-fleet fishing efforts that would deliver maximum yields of sole, plaice, cod and brown shrimp combined. We also did so for a baseline run with unaltered mammal and primary production, and compared the differences in optimal fishing strategies, predicted yields, and states of the stocks between the scenarios. We found stocks and yields to be far more sensitive to changes in primary productivity than to increased marine mammal predation. The latter predominantly impacted cod, and even benefitted brown shrimps compared to the baseline run. Under 30% reduced primary productivity, fishing efforts had to be reduced by 50% to still provide maximum yields, whereas the marine mammal scenario induced no need to adjust the fishing regime. This draws attention to the potential gains of incorporating bottom-up processes into long-term management considerations, while marine mammal predation may be less of a concern, in particular for flatfish fisheries in the North Sea, and may even benefit shrimp trawlers because of reduced predation on shrimp from fish predators.


Assuntos
Organismos Aquáticos , Ecossistema , Cadeia Alimentar , Animais , Teorema de Bayes , Biomassa , Cetáceos , Conservação dos Recursos Naturais , Crangonidae , Pesqueiros , Linguados , Linguado , Gadus morhua , Modelos Biológicos , Mar do Norte , Comportamento Predatório , Desenvolvimento Sustentável
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