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1.
Arch Environ Contam Toxicol ; 86(2): 140-151, 2024 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38324021

RESUMO

The aim of this work was to relate the contribution of mine-derived airborne particulate matter to Ca, Fe, Mn and S content and distribution in Punctelia hypoleucites transplanted to Bajo de la Alumbrera, an important open-pit mine in Catamarca, Argentina. Lichen samples were transplanted to four monitoring sites: two sites inside the mine perimeter and two sites outside the mine. After three months, elemental distribution in samples was analyzed by microparticle-induced X-ray emission (microPIXE), and elemental concentration was determined by specific techniques: Ca and Fe by instrumental neutron activation analysis, Mn by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry and S by a turbidimetric method. A differential distribution of S and Ca in thalli transplanted in-mine sites was detected compared to that of samples transplanted outside-mine sites. An overlap of Fe and S in the upper cortex of the apothecium section was observed, leading to infer a mineral association of both elements. Similar association was observed for Ca and S. In addition to these results, the significantly higher concentration detected for S and Mn in in-mine site samples suggests a contribution of Fe, S, Ca and Mn of mining origin to the content and distribution of these elements in P. hypoleucites. MicroPIXE complemented with Mössbauer spectroscopy analysis determined the presence of pyrite particles together with other iron-bearing minerals displaying different degrees of oxidation. These results point to a mining origin of the airborne particulate matter trapped by the lichen thalli transplanted to Bajo de la Alumbrera. These findings indicate that P. Hypoleucites acts as an excellent air quality biomonitor in the Bajo de la Alumbrera mine area.


Assuntos
Líquens , Parmeliaceae , Material Particulado/análise , Líquens/química , Argentina , Minerais/análise , Monitoramento Ambiental/métodos
2.
Oecologia ; 204(1): 187-198, 2024 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38233688

RESUMO

The mat-forming fruticose lichens Cladonia stellaris and Cetraria islandica frequently co-occur on soils in sun-exposed boreal, subarctic, and alpine ecosystems. While the dominant reindeer lichen Cladonia lacks a cortex but produces the light-reflecting pale pigment usnic acid on its surface, the common but patchier Cetraria has a firm cortex sealed by the light-absorbing pigment melanin. By measuring reflectance spectra, high-light tolerance, photosynthetic responses, and chlorophyll fluorescence in sympatric populations of these lichens differing in fungal pigments, we aimed to study how they cope with high light while hydrated. Specimens of the two species tolerated high light equally well but with different protective mechanisms. The mycobiont of the melanic species efficiently absorbed excess light, consistent with a lower need for its photobiont to protect itself by non-photochemical quenching (NPQ). By contrast, usnic acid screened light at 450-700 nm by reflectance and absorbed shorter wavelengths. The ecorticate usnic species with less efficient fungal light screening exhibited a consistently lower light compensation point and higher CO2 uptake rates than the melanic lichen. In both species, steady state NPQ rapidly increased at increasing light with no signs of light saturation. To compensate for less internal shading causing light fluctuations with a larger amplitude, the usnic lichen photobiont adjusted to changing light by faster induction and faster relaxation of NPQ rapidly transforming excess excitation energy to less damaging heat. The high and flexible NPQ tracking fluctuations in solar radiation probably contributes to the strong dominance of the usnic mat-forming Cladonia in open lichen-dominated heaths.


Assuntos
Ascomicetos , Líquens , Parmeliaceae , Líquens/fisiologia , Ecossistema
3.
Nat Prod Res ; 38(4): 685-689, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36890791

RESUMO

Chemical investigation of the extracts obtained from the red thallus tips from Cetraria laevigata resulted in the isolation of five known quinoid pigments identified by FT-IR, UV, NMR, MS methods and by comparison with literature data (skyrin (1), 3-ethyl-2,7-dihydroxynaphthazarin (2), graciliformin (3), cuculoquinone (4) and islandoquinone (5)). An antioxidant capacity of compounds 1-5 were evaluated and compared with quercetin using a lipid peroxidation inhibitory assay and superoxide radical (SOR), nitric oxide radical (NOR), 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazine (DPPH), 2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate) (ABTS) scavenging assays. Compounds 2, 4 and 5 were far more active: they demonstrated the antioxidant capacity in various test assays with the IC50 values 5-409 µM comparable to the flavonoid quercetin. While, the isolated quinones (1-5) exhibited weak cytotoxicity in human cancer cell line A549 assessed by MTT assay.


Assuntos
Antineoplásicos , Antioxidantes , Parmeliaceae , Humanos , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Antioxidantes/química , Quercetina , Quinonas/farmacologia , Espectroscopia de Infravermelho com Transformada de Fourier , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/química , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia
4.
Int J Biol Macromol ; 258(Pt 2): 128859, 2024 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38134984

RESUMO

Microwave hydrothermal treatment was selected to extract valuable fractions with bioactive and gelling properties from Evernia prunastri lichen with potential for topical applications. The impact of the extraction processing conditions on the soluble extracts, mucilage fraction and residual solid phase was analyzed within a lichen global valorization approach. A particular stress was made on the thermo-rheological and structural characteristics of the extracted glucan and galactomannan polymers, the corresponding gelled matrices, and their cosmetic feasibility. Results revealed that the proposed microwave-assisted treatment showed a relevant influence on the phytochemical features of the aqueous soluble extracts, accounting the major protein content at 120 °C and the enhanced antioxidant and anti-tyrosinase properties at 140 °C. Extracts at 200 °C showed the highest anti-inflammatory (COX-1 and COX-2 inhibition) efficacies. The biopolymer analyses indicated that those recovered after lichen hydrothermal treatment at 160 °C featured a good extraction performance, the highest molecular weight, apparent viscosity, and antiproliferative potential. The thermo-rheological properties of the corresponding matrices formulated at 10 % and 60 or 80 °C exhibited the strongest and most thermo-reversible characteristics, as well as antifreezing feasibility. Another advantage of the selected fractions was the absence of skin irritation according to the in vitro skin irritation assay.


Assuntos
Líquens , Parmeliaceae , Líquens/química , Glucanos , Polímeros/química , Géis
5.
Bull Exp Biol Med ; 175(2): 215-218, 2023 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37464197

RESUMO

The toxicity and antiviral activity of extracts obtained by the methods of aqueous and ethanol extraction of bioactive substances from Cetraria islandica lichen as a raw material were studied. Aqueous and ethanol extracts of lichen were characterized by low toxicity with respect to the passaged MDCK cell culture and exhibited antiviral activity. The ethanol extract showed more potent in vitro antiviral activity against human A/H3N2 and avian A/H5N1 influenza viruses: in a concentration of 50 µg/ml, it suppressed replication of these viruses by 3.5 and 4 log10, respectively, while the aqueous extract inhibited replication of viruses by 2 and 6 log10, respectively, when taken in a concentration of 500 µg/ml that was 10-fold higher than the concentration of the ethanol extract.


Assuntos
Virus da Influenza A Subtipo H5N1 , Influenza Humana , Líquens , Parmeliaceae , Humanos , Vírus da Influenza A Subtipo H3N2 , Antivirais/farmacologia , Antivirais/uso terapêutico , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/uso terapêutico
6.
Molecules ; 28(11)2023 Jun 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37298969

RESUMO

The lichen Cetraria islandica (L.) Ach. has been used in traditional and modern medicines for its many biological properties such as immunological, immunomodulating, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory activities. This species is gaining popularity in the market, with interest from many industries for selling as medicines, dietary supplements, and daily herbal drinks. This study profiled the morpho-anatomical features by light, fluorescence, and scanning electron microscopy; conducted an elemental analysis using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy; and phytochemical analysis was performed using high-resolution mass spectrometry combined with a liquid chromatography system (LC-DAD-QToF) of C. islandica. In total, 37 compounds were identified and characterized based on comparisons with the literature data, retention times, and their mass fragmentation mechanism/s. The identified compounds were classified under five different classes, i.e., depsidones, depsides, dibenzofurans, aliphatic acids, and others that contain simple organic acids in majority. Two major compounds (fumaroprotocetraric acid and cetraric acid) were identified in the aqueous ethanolic and ethanolic extracts of C. islandica lichen. This detailed morpho-anatomical, EDS spectroscopy, and the developed LC-DAD-QToF approach for C. islandica will be important for correct species identification and can serve as a useful tool for taxonomical validation and chemical characterization. Additionally, chemical study of the extract of C. islandica led to isolation and structural elucidation of nine compounds, namely cetraric acid (1), 9'-(O-methyl)protocetraric acid (2), usnic acid (3), ergosterol peroxide (4), oleic acid (5), palmitic acid (6), stearic acid (7), sucrose (8), and arabinitol (9).


Assuntos
Líquens , Parmeliaceae , Parmeliaceae/química , Raios X , Líquens/química , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Suplementos Nutricionais , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Extratos Vegetais
7.
Mycologia ; 115(3): 299-316, 2023.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37105719

RESUMO

Bryoria (Parmeliaceae, Ascomycota) is one of the dominant genera of hair lichens in western North America and is characteristic of high-elevation conifer forest ecosystems. In areas where Bryoria is abundant, it is common to find thalli in which the thalline filaments become conglutinated, forming brittle dead zones. After sampling Bryoria thalli across western Canada and the northwestern United States at different times of the year, we found that this dieback phenomenon is associated with the winter growth of a mold-forming basidiomycete. We report that this fungus belongs to Athelia (Atheliaceae, Basidiomycota), a genus known to contain lichen pathogens, most notably A. arachnoidea. By sequencing a combination of genetic markers-nuc rDNA internal transcribed spacer region ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 (ITS), partial nuc 28S rDNA (28S), and partial translation elongation factor 1-α (TEF1)-paired with morphometric analyses, we reveal the involvement of at least three additional lineages of lichen-associated Athelia and describe one as a new species, A. abscondita. Athelia abscondita is morphologically distinguished from other Athelia species by its basidia and basidiospores, was found to frequently infect members of Bryoria sect. Implexae, and was occasionally on other foliose and fruticose species within Parmeliaceae.


Assuntos
Ascomicetos , Basidiomycota , Líquens , Parmeliaceae , Ecossistema , DNA Espaçador Ribossômico/genética , Filogenia , Parmeliaceae/genética , DNA Ribossômico/genética , Líquens/microbiologia , América do Norte
8.
Chem Biodivers ; 20(3): e202201213, 2023 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36775801

RESUMO

A bioactivity-guided investigation of the lichen Parmotrema cristiferum (Taylor) Hale (Parmeliaceae) led to the isolation of two new depsidones, cristifones A and B (1 and 2). The structures of the isolated compounds were identified by spectroscopic methods and comparison with the literature data. Compound 1 showed the initial combined structures of depsidone and depside cores. The two isolated compounds were then evaluated for α-glucosidase inhibition. Compounds 1 and 2 were confirmed as potent, with IC50 values of 21.5 and 18.4 µM, respectively. Compound 2 was a non-competitive inhibitor against α-glucosidase, as indicated by the intersect in the second quadrant of each respective plot.


Assuntos
Inibidores de Glicosídeo Hidrolases , Líquens , Parmeliaceae , alfa-Glucosidases/química , alfa-Glucosidases/metabolismo , Inibidores de Glicosídeo Hidrolases/farmacologia , Líquens/química , Parmeliaceae/química
9.
J Sep Sci ; 46(6): e2200805, 2023 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36630529

RESUMO

The lichen Cetraria islandica is traditionally used as a demulcent for the symptomatic treatment of irritations of the mouth and throat and associated dry cough, as well as for the treatment of temporary loss of appetite. In addition to depsides and depsidones, thalli contain paraconic acids, a group of secondary metabolites commonly found in lichens and fungi. Among those, protolichesterinic acid has shown promising pharmacological activities. However, the efficient isolation of paraconic acids is quite complex due to their very similar chemical structures and their weak ultraviolet absorption. In the present work, a two-step isolation protocol of protolichesterinic acid and lichesterinic acid from a complex paraconic acid mixture is described using Sephadex LH20 column chromatography and fast centrifugal partition chromatography. Final purities higher than 95% and recoveries above 50% are achieved. Additionally, reliable qualitative techniques for detecting and differentiating paraconic acids are described. Finally, some data on compound stability and enantiomeric purity are shown.


Assuntos
Líquens , Parmeliaceae , Parmeliaceae/química , 4-Butirolactona/metabolismo , Líquens/química , Líquens/metabolismo , Cromatografia Líquida
10.
Nat Prod Res ; 37(13): 2248-2254, 2023 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35156862

RESUMO

Individuals of Usnea fulvoreagens (Parmeliaceae, lichenised Ascomycota), a shrubby corticolous species that is widespread in Europe, East Asia and North America, produce medullary lichen acids in several distinct chemotypic patterns. One such chemotype reportedly contains an unidentified substance as the major secondary metabolite. We isolated this compound from Californian specimens of U. fulvoreagens and identified it as the rare depsidone neotricone. A co-occurring compound, conneotricone, was identified as 4,10-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-8-methyl-3,7-dioxo-1,3-dihydro-7H-isobenzofuro[4,5-b][1,4]benzodioxepine-11-carboxylic acid by NMR and HPLC-UV-MSn comparison with the material synthesised from salazinic acid.


Assuntos
Ascomicetos , Líquens , Parmeliaceae , Usnea , Humanos , Usnea/química
11.
Nat Prod Res ; 37(8): 1284-1291, 2023 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34758682

RESUMO

One new hopane-type triterpene, indicuen (1), along with eight known compounds (2-9) were isolated from the n-hexane extract of the lichen Parmotrema indicum Hale. The chemical structures of isolated compounds were identified by interpretation of their spectroscopic data (1D, 2D NMR and HRESIMS) combined with DFT-NMR chemical shift calculations and subsequent assignment of DP4+ probabilities and by comparison with the literature. Indicuen represents for a rare hopane bearing a 1-carboxyethyl substituent at C-21 in lichens. Compounds 1-3 and 5-8 were evaluated for α-glucosidase inhibition and cytotoxicity against K562 and HepG2 cancer cell lines. Compounds 1, 5 and 7 exhibited moderate α-glucosidase inhibition with IC50 values of 201.1, 156.3 and 187.4 µM, respectively. Compound 1 also showed weak cytotoxicity toward K562 cell line while others showed no activity.


Assuntos
Líquens , Parmeliaceae , Triterpenos , Estrutura Molecular , Vietnã , alfa-Glucosidases , Líquens/química , Triterpenos/farmacologia , Triterpenos Pentacíclicos
12.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int ; 30(1): 1795-1805, 2023 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35922596

RESUMO

Forest vegetation is key for buffering microclimatic factors and regulating atmospheric deposition. Epiphytic lichens are sensitive to these factors and can indicate the overall health status of the ecosystem. Specifically, the analysis of morpho-anatomical variations allows us to understand the degree of tolerance or sensitivity of these organisms exposed to agricultural crops and how vegetation might buffer this response. We analyzed variations in vegetative and reproductive characters and injuries in thalli of Parmotrema pilosum as a response to distance to crops and forest cover. The study was conducted in forest patches of the Espinal in central Argentina, an ecosystem threatened by agricultural activity. We selected 10 sites with different forest cover areas and two collection points differing in distance to crops: sites adjacent to (0 m) and far from (150 m) crops. We collected five thalli from each collection point and analyzed variations in morpho-anatomical characters at macro- and microscopic levels. We found a lower number of algae and a higher proportion of simple cilia in individuals at points adjacent to crops. At points with low forest cover, a thinner upper cortex was observed, whereas at points with greater forest cover, an increase of necrosis and greater presence of apothecia were detected. Bleaching was the most frequent injury at sites adjacent to crops, decreasing with increasing forest cover. Conservation and reforestation of Espinal forest patches would promote the propagation of lichens affected by agricultural practices.


Assuntos
Líquens , Parmeliaceae , Humanos , Ecossistema , Argentina , Florestas , Produtos Agrícolas , Líquens/fisiologia , Conservação dos Recursos Naturais
13.
Molecules ; 29(1)2023 Dec 31.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38202817

RESUMO

Evernia prunastri is a lichen widely distributed in the Northern Hemisphere. Its biological properties still need to be discovered. Therefore, our paper focuses on studies of E. prunastri extracts, including its main metabolites evernic acid (EA) or atranorin (ATR). Phytochemical profiles using chromatographic analysis were confirmed. The antioxidant activity was evaluated using in vitro chemical tests and in vitro enzymatic cells-free tests, namely superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), and catalase (CAT). The anti-inflammatory potential using cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and hyaluronidase were determined. The neuroprotective potential using acetylcholinesterase, (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), and tyrosinase (Tyr) was estimated. The hypoglycemic activity was also confirmed (α-glucosidase). Principal component analysis was performed to determine the relationship between the biological activity of extracts. The inhibitory effect of EA and ATR on COX-2 AChE, BChE, Tyr, and α-glucosidase was evaluated using molecular docking techniques and confirmed for EA and ATR (besides α-glucosidase). The penetration of EA and ATR from extracts through the blood-brain barrier was confirmed using the parallel artificial membrane permeability assay blood-brain barrier test. In conclusion, depending on chemical surroundings and the concentration, the E. prunastri extracts, EA or ATR, showed attractive pleiotropic properties, which should be further investigated.


Assuntos
Acetilcolinesterase , Butirilcolinesterase , Hidroxibenzoatos , Parmeliaceae , Ciclo-Oxigenase 2 , Simulação de Acoplamento Molecular , alfa-Glucosidases , Monofenol Mono-Oxigenase
14.
Chem Biodivers ; 19(10): e202200374, 2022 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35975750

RESUMO

Two new depsidones, himantormiones A and B (1 and 2) were isolated and identified from the Antarctic lichen, Himantormia lugubris (Parmeliaceae), with seven known compounds (3-9). The structures of two new compounds (1 and 2) were determined by means of spectroscopic analyses, including 1D and 2D NMR and HR-MS. The isolated compounds were tested for antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities, where himantormione B (2) exhibited inhibitory effect against Staphylococcus aureus with the IC50 value of 7.01±0.85 mM. Compound 2 also exhibited strong cytotoxic activity against HCT116 cells (colon cancer) with the EC50 value of 1.11±0.85 µM, where that of the positive control, 5-fluouracil, was 9.4±1.90 µM.


Assuntos
Anti-Infecciosos , Antineoplásicos , Líquens , Parmeliaceae , Humanos , Líquens/metabolismo , Regiões Antárticas , Antineoplásicos/química , Anti-Infecciosos/metabolismo , Estrutura Molecular
15.
Molecules ; 27(15)2022 Aug 05.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35956939

RESUMO

The genus Cetraria s. str. (Parmeliaceae family, Cetrarioid clade) consists of 15 species of mostly erect brown or greenish yellow fruticose or subfoliose thallus. These Cetraria species have a cosmopolitan distribution, being primarily located in the Northern Hemisphere, in North America and in the Eurasia area. Phytochemical analysis has demonstrated the presence of dibenzofuran derivatives (usnic acid), depsidones (fumarprotocetraric and protocetraric acids) and fatty acids (lichesterinic and protolichesterinic acids). The species of Cetraria, and more particularly Cetraria islandica, has been widely employed in folk medicine for the treatment of digestive and respiratory diseases as decoctions, tinctures, aqueous extract, and infusions. Moreover, Cetraria islandica has had an important nutritional and cosmetic value. These traditional uses have been validated in in vitro and in vivo pharmacological studies. Additionally, new therapeutic activities are being investigated, such as antioxidant, immunomodulatory, cytotoxic, genotoxic and antigenotoxic. Among all Cetraria species, the most investigated by far has been Cetraria islandica, followed by Cetraria pinastri and Cetraria aculeata. The aim of the current review is to update all the knowledge about the genus Cetraria covering aspects that include taxonomy and phylogeny, morphology and distribution, ecological and environmental interest, phytochemistry, traditional uses and pharmacological properties.


Assuntos
Botânica , Parmeliaceae , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Etnofarmacologia , Medicina Tradicional , Parmeliaceae/química , Compostos Fitoquímicos/análise , Compostos Fitoquímicos/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia
16.
Molecules ; 27(16)2022 Aug 16.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36014465

RESUMO

In this work, we carried out studies of the chemical composition of hexane, chloroform and ethanol extracts from two samples of the lichen Parmotrema hypoleucinum collected in Algeria. Each sample of the lichen P. hypoleucinum was collected on two different supports: Olea europaea and Quercus coccifera. Hexane extracts were prepared, in Soxhlet; each hexane extract was fractionated by its solubility in methanol; the products soluble in methanol were separated (cold): 1-Hexane, 2-Hexane; and the products insoluble in methanol (cold): 1-Cires, 2-Cires. A diazomethane esterified sample of 1-Hexane, 2-Hexane, 1-Cires and 2-Cires was analyzed by GC-MS, and the components were identified as methyl esters. In the 1-Hexane and 2-Hexane fractions, the methyl esters of the predominant fatty acids in the lichen were identified: palmitic acid, linoleic acid, oleic acid and stearic acid; a hydrocarbon was also identified: 13-methyl-17-norkaur-15-ene and several derivatives of orsellinic acid. In the 1-Cires and 2-Cires fractions, the previous fatty acids were no longer observed, and only the derivatives of orsellinic acid were found. The analysis of the 1-Hexane, 2-Hexane fractions by HPLC-MS/MS allows us to identify different chemical components, and the most characteristic products of the lichen were identified, such as Atranol, Chloroatranol, Atranorin and Chloroatranorin. In the fractions of 1-Cires and 2-Cires, the HPLC-MS/MS analysis reveals that they are very similar in their chemical components; the characteristic products of this lichen in this fraction are Atranorin and Chloroatranorin. In the extracts of chloroform, 1-Chloroform and 2-Chloroform, the analysis carried out by HPLC-MS/MS shows small differences in their chemical composition at the level of secondary products; among the products to be highlighted for this work, we have chloroatranorin, the stictic acid, norstictic acid and other derivatives. In the analysis of the most polar extracts carried out in ethanol: 1-Ethanol and 2-Ethanol, HPLC-MS/MS analysis shows very similar chemical compositions in these two extracts with small differences. In these extracts, the following acids were identified as characteristic compounds of this lichen: constictic acid, stictic acid, substictic acid and methylstictic acid. In the HPLC-MS/MS analysis of all these extracts, alectoronic acid was not found.


Assuntos
Hexanos , Líquens , Argélia , Clorofórmio , Etanol , Ácidos Graxos/química , Hexanos/química , Líquens/química , Metanol/química , Parmeliaceae , Compostos Fitoquímicos/análise , Extratos Vegetais/química , Espectrometria de Massas em Tandem
17.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35816443

RESUMO

A novel actinomycete strain PM05-2T was isolated from the lichen Parmotrema praesorediosum (Nyl.) Hale collected from Chaiyaphum Province, Thailand. The taxonomic position of the strain was studied using the polyphasic approach. Based on the morphology and chemotaxonomic properties, strain PM05-2T was identified as a member of the genus Actinomadura. The whole-cell hydrolysate contained meso-diaminopimelic acid, rhamnose, ribose, xylose, madurose, glucose and galactose. The polar lipids were phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositol mannoside, one unidentified phosphoglycolipid, four unidentified phospholipids and one unidentified lipid. The menaquinones were MK-9(H6), MK-9(H4), MK-9(H2), MK-9(H8) and MK-9(H0). The major cellular fatty acids were C16:0 and C18:1 ω9c. Strain PM05-2T showed the highest 16S rRNA gene similarity to Actinomadura hibisca NBRC 15177T (98.58%), Actinomadura kijaniata NBRC 14229T (98.29 %) and Actinomadura namibiensis DSM 44197T (98.14 %). The phylogenetic tree analysis revealed that strain PM05-2T was related to A. hibisca NBRC 15177T, A. kijaniata NBRC 14229T, A. namibiensis DSM 44197T and Actinomadura macrotermitis RB68T. The genomic analysis revealed that average nucleotide identity values based on both blast and MUMmer between strain PM05-2T and the relative type strains ranged from 77.6 to 86.4%. The digital DNA-DNA hybridization values among the strains were lower than the threshold for assigning to the same species. The taxonomic results suggested that strain PM05-2T represented a novel species of the genus Actinomadura for which the name Actinomadura parmotrematis is proposed. The type strain is PM05-2T (=TBRC 15492T=NBRC 115416T).


Assuntos
Actinomycetales , Líquens , Actinomadura , Técnicas de Tipagem Bacteriana , Composição de Bases , DNA Bacteriano/genética , Ácidos Graxos/química , Parmeliaceae , Fosfolipídeos/análise , Filogenia , RNA Ribossômico 16S/genética , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Microbiologia do Solo , Vitamina K 2
18.
Arch Microbiol ; 204(7): 395, 2022 Jun 16.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35705862

RESUMO

Enodolichenic fungi (ELF) are considered a promising bio-resource since they produce a variety of novel secondary metabolites with bioactivities. Ultraviolet (UV) radiation in sunlight containing UVA and UVB can cause acute and chronic skin diseases, and the demand for UV protectants in sunscreens has been increasing. Such situations evoke the strong interest of researchers in seeking effective UV protectants from natural products. In this study, we obtained partially purified 7-hydroxy-2-octenoic acid-ethyl ester (7E) from the secondary metabolites of ELF000548, which has UVA absorption activity. The antioxidant properties were performed by in vitro tests. The superoxide anion scavenging activity and inhibition of linoleic acid peroxidation of the 7E mixture were higher than ascorbic acid (ASA) and butyl hydroxyl anisole (BHA). Furthermore, the compound recovered the damage caused by UVB irradiation and inhibited melanin synthesis. Additionally, the 7E mixture exhibited no cytotoxicity toward the mouse melanoma cell lines, B16F1 and B16F10, except for the normal cell line, HaCaT. In general, these results are the first report about bioactivities of 7E, and those demonstrated that this compound might be a UV protectant to go further study.


Assuntos
Ésteres , Protetores Solares , Animais , Fungos , Camundongos , Parmeliaceae , Pele , Protetores Solares/farmacologia , Raios Ultravioleta
19.
J Food Biochem ; 46(7): e14096, 2022 07.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35102582

RESUMO

Platismatia glauca is a popular lichen traditionally used as a spice and possesses significant anti-cancer potential, whose anti-migratory/anti-invasive properties were mostly disregarded. Migration/invasion of cancer cells is processed in cancer metastasis and targeting their markers is an important strategy in anti-cancer treatment. We examined the anti-migratory/anti-invasive properties of P. glauca extract on two colorectal carcinoma cell lines (HCT-116 and SW-480) and elucidated possible mechanisms underlying these properties. Cell migration was evaluated by wound healing and RTCA methods. Immunofluorescent assay was used for the analysis of protein, while qRT-PCR for gene expression of migratory/invasive markers. ELISA assay was applied for the determination of MMP-9 concentration. P. glauca extract inhibited the motility of tested cells, by reducing pro-migratory/pro-invasive markers and potentially retaining intercellular connections. Treatment showed cell-selective effects, and HCT-116 cells were more responsive. Our study presents important scientific novelty, thus these lichen properties should be furtherly examined regarding the amelioration of anti-cancer treatment. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Based on the evidence we provided in the present study, we have demonstrated that lichen species Platismatia glauca possess important biological activity, which has not been sufficiently investigated so far. It is of great importance to explore its anti-cancer potential, not only from a cytotoxic point of view but especially anti-migratory and anti-invasive. Herein, we showed that this species expresses significant suppressive effects on migration and invasiveness of colorectal carcinoma cells. This tested lichen has the potential to be used as a natural complementary anti-cancer treatment, with special reference on the dose applied and type of carcinoma. Our study represents a significant novelty in the field of scientific investigation of lichens and natural products, and further detailed studies are needed on in vitro and in vivo model systems.


Assuntos
Neoplasias Colorretais , Líquens , Neoplasias Colorretais/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Colorretais/genética , Neoplasias Colorretais/patologia , Células HCT116 , Humanos , Parmeliaceae , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia
20.
J Infect Public Health ; 15(4): 491-497, 2022 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34688575

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Lichens were used as an ailment in the traditional medicine for treating various disorders for centuries. Since there is less evidence in the literature about the medicinal property of Parmelia sulcata (P. sulcata), we made a pioneer attempt to explore the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of lichens. METHODS: In the present study, the three Samples were collected by using the column chromatography by elucidating the ethyl acetate extract of P. sulcata, and the samples were subjected to DPPH and ABTS assays to find the free radical scavenging activity, total phenols and flavonoids were estimated. The minimum inhibitory concentration was evaluated against the bacterial species (Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae) and fungal species (Candida albicans and Aspergillus fumigatus) by the microdilution method. The best activity sample was analyzed using the Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS), Fourier Transmission Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR). RESULTS: The results shown that all the samples contain phenols and flavonoids which are responsible for antioxidants, antibacterial and antifungal activities. Among that sample-3 shown best antimicrobial activity and it was analyzed and identified as 7-hydroxy-3-(2-methylbut-3-en2-yl)-chromen-2-one. CONCLUSION: The outcome of the study suggests that sample-3 shown good antimicrobial activity and identified as 7-hydroxy-3-(2-methylbut-3-en2-yl)-chromen-2-one. It can be a resource for further studies.


Assuntos
Anti-Infecciosos , Líquens , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Anti-Infecciosos/química , Anti-Infecciosos/farmacologia , Antioxidantes/química , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Flavonoides/farmacologia , Humanos , Líquens/química , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Parmeliaceae , Fenóis/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/química , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Espectroscopia de Infravermelho com Transformada de Fourier
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