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1.
Virology ; 593: 109999, 2024 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38368638

RESUMO

We report the discovery and characterization of a novel adenovirus, Zoothera dauma adenovirus (ZdAdV), from a wild bird species, Zoothera dauma (Scaly thrush). This new atadenovirus was discovered by metagenomic sequencing without virus cultivation. Analyses of the full genome sequence revealed that this new virus is a distinct member of the genus Atadenovirus and represents a novel species. ZdAdV has a genome of 34,760 bp with 28 predicted genes and 39% GC content. ZdAdV is the first atadenovirus to contain ORF19, a gene previously found only in aviadenoviruses. Phylogenetic analysis of ORF19 suggests that it was acquired by ZdAdV through horizontal gene transfer from an aviadenovirus. By analyzing all orthologous genes of aviadenovirus, mastadenovirus, atadenovirus, and siadenovirus, we also found potential horizontal gene transfer for the E4 gene in Pigeon aviadenovirus B. Our study widens our knowledge concerning the genetic diversity and evolutionary history of atadenoviruses and their potential for cross-species transmission.


Assuntos
Infecções por Adenoviridae , Atadenovirus , Aviadenovirus , Animais , Atadenovirus/genética , Genoma Viral , Filogenia , Transferência Genética Horizontal , Adenoviridae/genética , Aviadenovirus/genética , Aves , Infecções por Adenoviridae/genética
2.
Vet Res ; 55(1): 23, 2024 Feb 19.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38374082

RESUMO

According to previous studies, three representative avian adenoviral strains utilize coxsackievirus-adenovirus receptor (CAR) as a receptor and seem to exhibit diverse binding affinities and modes. Thus, further revealing the exact molecular mechanism underlying the interaction between different FAdVs and the attachment receptor CAR is necessary. In this study, we successfully solved the crystal structure of the FAdV-4 fiber1 knob at 1.6 Šresolution. The interaction between the fibre knob and different domains of CAR was verified by confocal microscopy, coimmunoprecipitation and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) analysis. The fibre knobs of the three representative fowl adenoviruses specifically recognized CAR domain 1 (D1), but the recognition of CAR domain 2 (D2) by chicken embryo lethal orphan (CELO) strains was weak. These results provide insights into the differences in adenovirus‒host cell interactions and have important implications for the exploration of viral invasion mechanisms.


Assuntos
Aviadenovirus , Adenovirus A das Aves , Embrião de Galinha , Animais , Receptores Virais/química , Receptores Virais/metabolismo , Galinhas/metabolismo , Adenovirus A das Aves/metabolismo
3.
Poult Sci ; 103(4): 103479, 2024 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38367468

RESUMO

Fowl adenovirus serotype 4 (FAdV) is highly pathogenic and lethal to chickens, especially broilers, which has emerged as one of the most important economic losses for the poultry industry in the past few years. Although inactivated vaccines have been widely used to control FAdV diseases, with the passage of time and the advancement of technology, live attenuated vaccines and subunit vaccines have also been developed, which are more attractive and effective vaccine candidates. This is an overview of avian adenoviruses, especially FAdV, which is related to the structure, pathogenicity of adenoviruses in birds, development and strategies used to make and use vaccines using different methods. As well as during this study it was determined that various vaccines against the new FAdV-4 genotype have been developed and many advances have been made in control disease However, many studies conducted in this field need extensive investigation.


Assuntos
Infecções por Adenoviridae , Aviadenovirus , Doenças das Aves Domésticas , Vacinas Virais , Animais , Galinhas , Infecções por Adenoviridae/prevenção & controle , Infecções por Adenoviridae/veterinária , Sorogrupo , Virulência , Adenoviridae/genética , Vacinas Atenuadas , Desenvolvimento de Vacinas
4.
Poult Sci ; 103(4): 103474, 2024 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38387285

RESUMO

Hepatitis-hydropericardium syndrome (HHS) is a highly fatal disease in chickens caused by the highly pathogenic fowl adenovirus serotype 4 (FAdV-4), which has severe economic consequences. The fiber2 protein exhibits excellent potential as a candidate for a subunit vaccination against FAdV-4. Despite having a high safety profile, subunit vaccines have low immunogenicity due to their lack of infectivity, which leads to low levels of immune response. As a vaccine adjuvant, Salmonella flagellin possesses the potential to augment the immunological response to vaccinations. Additionally, a crucial strategy for enhancing vaccine efficacy is efficient presentation of immune antigens to dendritic cells (DC) for targeted vaccination. In this study, we designed FAdV-4-fiber2 protein, and a recombinant protein called FliBc-fiber2-SP which based on FAdV-4-fiber2 protein, was generated using the gene sequence FliBc, which retains only the conserved sequence at the amino and carboxyl termini of the flagellin B subunit, and a short peptide SPHLHTSSPWER (SP), which targets chicken bone marrow-derived DC. They were separately administered via intramuscular injection to 14-day-old specific pathogen-free (SPF) chickens, and their immunogenicity was compared. At 21 d postvaccination (dpv), it was found that the FliBc-fiber2-SP recombinant protein elicited significantly higher levels of IgG antibodies and conferred a vaccine protection rate of up to 100% compared to its counterpart fiber2 protein. These results suggest that the DC-targeted peptide fusion strategy for flagellin chimeric antigen construction can effectively enhance the immune protective efficacy of antigen proteins.


Assuntos
Infecções por Adenoviridae , Aviadenovirus , Doenças das Aves Domésticas , Animais , Flagelina , Infecções por Adenoviridae/prevenção & controle , Infecções por Adenoviridae/veterinária , Sorogrupo , Anticorpos Antivirais , Galinhas , Aviadenovirus/genética , Adenoviridae/genética , Proteínas Recombinantes/genética , Peptídeos , Células Dendríticas
5.
Poult Sci ; 103(1): 103177, 2024 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37980763

RESUMO

In recent years, the occurrence of fowl adenovirus 2 (FAdV-2) has been on the rise in China, posing a significant threat to the poultry industry. This study aimed to investigate the epidemiology, phylogenetic relationship, genomic characteristics, and pathogenicity of FAdV-2. The epidemiological analysis revealed the detection of multiple FAdV serotypes, including FAdV-1, FAdV-2, FAdV-3, FAdV-4, FAdV-8a, FAdV-8b, and FAdV-11 serotypes. Among them, FAdV-2 exhibited the highest proportion, accounting for 21.05% (8/38). The complete genomes of these 8 FAdV-2 strains were sequenced. Genetic evolution analysis indicated that these FAdV-2 strains formed a separate branch within the FAdV-D group, sharing 94.60 to 97.90% nucleotide similarity with the reference FAdV-2 and FAdV-11 strains. Notably, the recombination analysis revealed that 5 out of the 8 FAdV-2 strains, exhibited recombination events between FAdV-2 and FAdV-11. The recombination regions involved Hexon, Fiber, ORF19 genes and 3' end. Furthermore, pathogenicity experiments demonstrated that recombinant FAdV-2 XX strain is capable of inducing mortality rate of 66.70% and causing more severe hepatitis hydropericardium syndrome (HHS) in 6-wk-old specific-pathogen-free chickens. These findings contribute to our understanding of the prevalence, genomic characteristics, and the pathogenicity of FAdV-2, providing foundations for FAdV-2 vaccine development.


Assuntos
Infecções por Adenoviridae , Aviadenovirus , Doenças das Aves Domésticas , Animais , Virulência , Filogenia , Infecções por Adenoviridae/epidemiologia , Infecções por Adenoviridae/veterinária , Prevalência , Galinhas , Genômica , China/epidemiologia , Doenças das Aves Domésticas/prevenção & controle , Sorogrupo
6.
Microbiol Spectr ; 11(6): e0246223, 2023 Dec 12.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37966208

RESUMO

IMPORTANCE: Epidemiological data reveal that FAdV-4 and FAdV-8a are the dominant serotypes of FAdVs in the poultry industry in China. Although three commercial inactivated vaccines against FAdV-4 have been licensed in China, the bivalent vaccine against both FAdV-4 and FAdV-8a is not available. Here, we used CRISPR-Cas9 and Cre-LoxP system to generate a recombinant virus FAdV4-F/8a-rF2 expressing the Fiber of FAdV-8a. Notably, FAdV4-F/8a-rF2 was highly attenuated and could provide efficient protection against both FAdV-4 and FAdV-8a in the chicken infection model, highlighting the applaudable application of FAdV4-F/8a-rF2 as a novel live-attenuated bivalent vaccine against the diseases caused by the infection of FAdV-4 and FAdV-8a.


Assuntos
Infecções por Adenoviridae , Aviadenovirus , Doenças das Aves Domésticas , Animais , Sorogrupo , Infecções por Adenoviridae/prevenção & controle , Infecções por Adenoviridae/veterinária , Aviadenovirus/genética , Galinhas , Vacinas Combinadas
7.
Arch Razi Inst ; 78(3): 1095-1105, 2023 06.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38028827

RESUMO

Egg drop syndrome (EDS) is a major viral infectious poultry disease with severe economic losses in laying hens. The disease is caused by an adenovirus and can be transmitted horizontally and vertically. This study investigated the EDS virus (EDSV) infection in duck embryo fibroblasts (DEF), specific pathogen-free (SPF) embryo fibroblasts, and SPF egg embryos using different methods. The results were compared to the virus culture in duck and SPF chicken eggs. Duck and chicken fibroblast cells were used as the primary cell culture in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium, and the low-pathogenic duck adenovirus was used to infect the ducks and SPF fibroblasts primary cell cultures, as well as the duck and SPF eggs. The titer of the virus was measured by hemagglutination assay, ECID50, plaque-forming unit, and TCID50 methods. The results revealed that EDSV could proliferate in the chorioallantoic membrane of DEF cells and duck eggs, compared to the chorioallantoic membrane of chicken embryo fibroblasts (CEF) and SPF chicken eggs. The findings showed that duck egg embryos and primary DEF cell lines are more appropriate for EDSV replication, compared to CEF and SPF chicken eggs. This suggests that the use of DEF culture for producing avian adenovirus EDS-76 is a suitable alternative for the embryonic egg culture.


Assuntos
Aviadenovirus , Galinhas , Embrião de Galinha , Animais , Feminino , Patos , Fibroblastos , Técnicas de Cultura de Células
8.
Arch Razi Inst ; 78(3): 873-880, 2023 06.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38028860

RESUMO

Fowl Adenoviruses (FAdVs) are widely distributed pathogens across the globe. The FAdVs from serotypes FAdV 2, 3, 8a, 8b, 9, and 11 are responsible for inclusion body hepatitis (IBH). Recently, increased mortality and IBH-suspected lesions were observed in 8-10-day-old broiler chickens in West Azerbaijan Province, Iran. In this regard, the present study aimed to compare penton and hexon genes of ADDV11 in the molecular detection of IBH in broiler chickens. In total, 100 liver specimens were collected from 10 suspected farms, and their DNAs were extracted. Two polymerase chain reactions (PCRs) were applied; one targeting the L1 region of the hexon gene and another aiming at the penton gene. Based on the findings, 60% of samples showed positive results in both PCRs and phylogenetic analysis clustered the studied viruses into serotype 11 (species D) FAdV. The detected FAdVs also shared a multitude of homologies with previously published serotype 11 viruses from Iran and those identified in Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, India, China, and Canada. This research not only provides an update on circulating FAdVs in Iran, but also introduces the penton gene as an alternative target for IBH diagnosis. Considering that IBH is a primary disease in Iran with both horizontal and vertical routes of transmission, urgent preventive measures are needed.


Assuntos
Infecções por Adenoviridae , Aviadenovirus , Hepatite , Doenças das Aves Domésticas , Animais , Galinhas , Sorogrupo , Filogenia , Infecções por Adenoviridae/epidemiologia , Infecções por Adenoviridae/veterinária , Doenças das Aves Domésticas/epidemiologia , Adenoviridae/genética , Aviadenovirus/genética , Corpos de Inclusão
9.
Viruses ; 15(10)2023 10 10.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37896849

RESUMO

Single or mixed infections of multiple pathogens such as avian hepatitis E virus (aHEV) and avian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J) have been detected in numerous laying hens with severe liver injury in China. Thus, aHEV and immunosuppressive viruses are speculated to cause co-infections. In this study, co-infection with aHEV and fowl adenovirus (FAdV) was confirmed by nested RT-PCR and recombinase-aided amplification combined with gene sequencing in two flocks with severe liver injury. Subsequently, the two reference strains, aHEV and FAdV-4, were inoculated into LMH cells to identify their co-infection potential. Confocal microscopy revealed aHEV and FAdV-4 co-infected LMH cells. In addition, the replication dynamics of aHEV and FAdV-4 along with the expression levels of immuno-cytokines were measured. The results indicated colocalization of aHEV and FAdV-4 and inhibition of viral replication in LMH cells. The transcription levels of MDA5, Mx, OASL, and IFN-α were significantly upregulated in LMH cells, whereas those of immune-related factors induced by FAdV-4 were downregulated upon FAdV-4 and aHEV co-infection. These results confirmed the co-infection of aHEV and FAdV-4 in vitro and prompted the antagonistic pathogenic effects of FAdV-4 and aHEV, thereby providing novel insights into the counterbalancing effects of these viruses.


Assuntos
Infecções por Adenoviridae , Aviadenovirus , Coinfecção , Hepevirus , Doenças das Aves Domésticas , Animais , Feminino , Galinhas , Infecções por Adenoviridae/veterinária , Citocinas , Adenoviridae/genética , Proliferação de Células
10.
Virology ; 588: 109904, 2023 11.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37856912

RESUMO

Aviadenoviruses are widespread in wild birds but rarely cause disease in nature. However, when naïve species are exposed to poultry or aviaries, aviadenoviruses can lead to disease outbreaks. This study characterised a novel aviadenovirus infection in a native Australian bird, the tawny frogmouth (Podargus strigoides) during an outbreak investigation. The identified complete genome of aviadenovirus, named tawny frogmouth aviadenovirus A (TwAviAdV-A) was 41,175 bp in length containing 52 putative genes. TwAviAdV-A exhibits the common aviadenovirus genomic organisation but with a notable monophyletic subclade in the phylogeny. The TwAviAdV-A virus was hepatotrophic and the six frogmouths presented to the wildlife hospitals in South Eastern Queensland most commonly exhibited regurgitation (in four frogmouths). Three were died or euthanized, two recovered, and one showed no signs. The detection of TwAviAdV-A in frogmouths coming into care re-emphasizes the need for strict biosecurity protocols in wildlife hospitals and care facilities.


Assuntos
Infecções por Adenoviridae , Aviadenovirus , Doenças das Aves Domésticas , Animais , Austrália/epidemiologia , Animais Selvagens , Aves , Filogenia , Infecções por Adenoviridae/epidemiologia , Infecções por Adenoviridae/veterinária , Doenças das Aves Domésticas/epidemiologia
11.
Vet Microbiol ; 286: 109888, 2023 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37839297

RESUMO

Fowl adenovirus mainly causes hydropericardium hepatitis syndrome (HHS), inclusion body hepatitis (IBH) and gizzard erosion (GE), etc. In 2015, the first outbreak of HHS was reported in broiler chickens in central China, followed by an outbreak in waterfowl. The first outbreak of HHS in broiler flocks in central China in 2015, followed by outbreaks in waterfowl, has severely restricted the healthy development of the poultry industry. During the investigation, fowl adenovirus was detected in ducklings from a total of seven hatcheries in Shandong, Inner Mongolia and Jiangsu provinces. In addition, the DNA of fowl adenovirus was detected in breeding ducks and their progeny. To test the hypothesis that FAdV can be transmitted vertically, sixty 250-day-old Cherry Valley breeder ducks were divided equally into three groups for experimental infection. FAdV-8b SDLY isolate (duck/Shandong/SDLY/2021, SDLY) preserved in our laboratory was injected intramuscularly into group A and inoculated orally into group B. FAdV-8b DNA was detected in the yolk membranes, embryos and allantoic fluid of duck embryos in the FAdV-infected group after inoculation. In addition, the FAdV-8b hexon gene isolated from yolk membranes, embryos, allantoic fluid and duck eggs was close to 100% nucleotide homology to the FAdV-8b hexon gene isolated from laying duck ovaries, indicating that fowl adenovirus can be transmitted vertically in ducks. These findings provide evidence for the possible vertical transmission of fowl adenovirus from breeder ducks to ducklings.


Assuntos
Infecções por Adenoviridae , Aviadenovirus , Hepatite A , Hepatite , Doenças das Aves Domésticas , Animais , Patos , Galinhas , Infecções por Adenoviridae/veterinária , Óvulo , Aviadenovirus/genética , Hepatite A/veterinária , DNA , Filogenia
12.
Avian Pathol ; 52(6): 438-445, 2023 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37746729

RESUMO

The widespread occurrence of fowl adenovirus serotype 4 (FAdV-4)-induced hepatitis-hydropericardium syndrome (HHS) has led to significant economic losses for the poultry industry. A sensitive, accurate, and practical FAdV-4 diagnostic approach is urgently required to limit the incidence of the disease. In the present study, a practical method for detecting FAdV-4 was developed using the CRISPR/Cas13a system and recombinase-aided amplification. The approach was based on 37°C isothermal detection with visible results being achieved. The detection limit of the target gene with this approach was only 101 copies/µl, making it very sensitive and specific. Clinical samples fared well when tested with the Cas13a detection method. For identifying FAdV-4, this novel detection approach was found to be sensitive, specific, and effective.RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS First study using the CRISPR/Cas13a-based lateral flow detection assay for FAdV-4 detection.The results can be observed by the naked eye.The developed assay could provide an alternative tool for detection of FAdV-4 with minimal equipment.


Assuntos
Infecções por Adenoviridae , Aviadenovirus , Doenças das Aves Domésticas , Animais , Infecções por Adenoviridae/diagnóstico , Infecções por Adenoviridae/veterinária , Sorogrupo , Repetições Palindrômicas Curtas Agrupadas e Regularmente Espaçadas , Galinhas , Adenoviridae/genética , Aviadenovirus/genética
13.
Vet Microbiol ; 285: 109873, 2023 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37703613

RESUMO

A fowl adenovirus variant designated as DAdV-JSXZ strain was isolated from the tissue specimen of fallopian tubes of a duck case, which was submitted from a 276-day-old Cherry valley breeding duck flock experienced egg-dropping syndromes in March 2022. Full-genome sequence of the DAdV-I JSXZ strain by next-generation sequencing revealed that the complete genome length of DAdV-JSXZ strain was 33,213 nucleotides and shared a high degree of nucleotide identity (97.0-99.4 %) with other DAdV-I reference strains. In pathogenicity studies, this isolated duck JSXZ strain reproduced similar egg-dropping symptoms in healthy breeding ducks, pathologic lesions of follicular hemorrhage, and the laid eggs in low fertilization and hatchability rates. Our research findings demonstrated that DAdV-I JSXZ strain was one of the causative agents of duck egg dropping syndrome in egg-laying ducks and could cause acute respiratory symptoms in ducklings.


Assuntos
Infecções por Adenoviridae , Aviadenovirus , Doenças das Aves Domésticas , Feminino , Animais , Patos , Óvulo , China , Infecções por Adenoviridae/veterinária , Aviadenovirus/genética , Filogenia
14.
Viruses ; 15(8)2023 07 29.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37631996

RESUMO

Fowl adenoviruses (FAdVs) are distributed worldwide in poultry and incriminated as the etiological agents for several health problems in fowls, and are capable of crossing species barriers between domestic and wild fowls. An FAdV strain was, for the first time, isolated from black-necked crane in this study, and was designated as serotype 4 Fowl aviadenovirus C (abbreviated as BNC2021) according to the phylogenetic analysis of its DNA polymerase and hexon gene. The viral genomic sequence analysis demonstrated that the isolate possessed the ORF deletions that are present in FAdV4 strains circulating in poultry fowls in China and the amino acid mutations associated with viral pathogenicity in the hexon and fiber 2 proteins. A viral challenge experiment with mallard ducks demonstrated systemic viral infection and horizontal transmission. BNC2021 induced the typical clinical signs of hepatitis-hydropericardium syndrome (HHS) with swelling and inflammation in multiple organs and showed significant viral replication in all eight organs tested in the virus-inoculated ducks and their contactees at 6 dpi. The findings highlight the importance of surveillance of FAdVs in wild birds.


Assuntos
Aviadenovirus , Sepse , Animais , Filogenia , Sorogrupo , Genômica , Aves , Patos , Hexametônio
15.
Br Poult Sci ; 64(6): 688-696, 2023 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37610326

RESUMO

1. A total of 150-day-old chicks were divided into three groups of 50 birds (G1-G3); G1 and G2 were orally inoculated at 1-day old with 0.5 ml of 107 TCID50/ml FAdV-D serotype 2 (MT386509.1) and FAdV-E serotype 8a (MW847902), respectively, and G3 was blank control group.2. Cell-mediated immune response was evaluated by detection of CD4, CD8 T lymphocytes and the mRNA expression of IL6 and IL8 in the chicken spleen using q-PCR. Additionally, immunopathology was performed at 3, 5 and 7 day post infection (dpi) and weekly until the end of the experiment.3. Results revealed that transcription of inflammatory cytokines (IL6, IL8) was up regulated in the spleen of FAdV type D and type E infected chickens at various time points relative to the control group. A marked decrease in the number of CD4 and CD8 T lymphocytes at 5 and 7 dpi in G1 of chickens infected with FAdV type D. Whereas, in chickens infected with FAdV type E, the CD4 and CD8 T lymphocytes were markedly decreased at 7 dpi.4. In contrast, there were no significant differences in humoral immune responses against NDV vaccine in (G1 and G2) at different intervals post-vaccination compared to the control group. The histopathology of the bursa, thymus, and spleen in the infected groups showed lymphocytolysis with severe reticular cells hyperplasia and lymphoid depletion.5. In conclusion, fowl adenovirus types D and E have an immunosuppressive effect in broilers which may be considered one of the main causes of the continuous co-infections with other viruses reported in the field during the last 10 years.


Assuntos
Infecções por Adenoviridae , Aviadenovirus , Doenças das Aves Domésticas , Animais , Galinhas , Infecções por Adenoviridae/veterinária , Citocinas/genética , Interleucina-6 , Interleucina-8 , Adenoviridae/genética , Linfócitos T CD8-Positivos/patologia , Aviadenovirus/genética
16.
Avian Pathol ; 52(4): 277-282, 2023 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37416969

RESUMO

Inclusion body hepatitis (IBH) is a metabolic disease affecting chickens, associated with different serotypes of fowl adenovirus (FAdV). Experimentally tested vaccines against IBH include several capsid-based subunit vaccines, but not the penton base protein. In the present study, specific pathogen-free chickens were vaccinated with recombinant penton base expressed from each of two different FAdV serotypes (FAdV-7 and FAdV-8b), followed by challenge with a virulent IBH-causing strain. No protection was observed with either vaccine, possibly due to the low immunogenicity of each protein and their inability to induce neutralizing antibodies in the host.


Assuntos
Infecções por Adenoviridae , Aviadenovirus , Hepatite , Doenças das Aves Domésticas , Animais , Galinhas , Infecções por Adenoviridae/prevenção & controle , Infecções por Adenoviridae/veterinária , Vacinas Sintéticas , Corpos de Inclusão , Vacinação/veterinária , Sorogrupo
17.
Viruses ; 15(6)2023 05 26.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37376549

RESUMO

Liver diseases seriously challenge the health of chickens raised on scaled farms and cause tremendous economic losses to farm owners. The causative agents for liver diseases are still elusive, even though various pathogens, such as the hepatitis E virus, have been reported. In the winter of 2021, a liver disease was observed on a chicken farm in Dalian, China, which increased chicken mortality by up to 18%. We conducted panvirome profiling of the livers, spleens, kidneys, and recta of 20 diseased chickens. The viromic results revealed coinfection of multiple viruses, including pathogenic ones, in these organs. The viruses were highly identical to those detected in other provinces, and the vaccine and field strains of avian encephalomyelitis virus (AEV) and chicken infectious anemia virus (CIAV) cocirculated on the farm. In particular, the liver showed higher abundance of AEV and multiple fowl adenoviruses than other organs. Furthermore, the liver also contracted avian leukemia virus and CIAV. Experimental animals with infected liver samples developed minor to medium lesions of the liver and showed a virus abundance profile for AEV across internal organs similar to that in the original samples. These results suggest that coinfection with multiple pathogenic viruses influences the occurrence and development of infectious liver disease. The results also highlight that strong farm management standards with strict biosafety measures are needed to minimize the risk of pathogenic virus introduction to the farm.


Assuntos
Aviadenovirus , Infecções por Circoviridae , Coinfecção , Doenças das Aves Domésticas , Animais , Galinhas , Hepatomegalia/complicações , Viroma , Infecções por Circoviridae/veterinária , Filogenia
18.
Poult Sci ; 102(8): 102846, 2023 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37354616

RESUMO

Fowl adenovirus serotype 8b (FAdV-8b), as causative agent of inclusion body hepatitis (IBH), poses a great threat to the poultry industry. Considering the importance of innate immune response in host against viral infections, we investigated pathogenicity of a FAdV-8b strain HLJ/151129 in 1-mo-old specific pathogen-free (SPF) chickens and immune responses of host to FAdV-8b infection in this study. The results demonstrated that no obvious clinical signs were observed in infected birds. Neither mobility nor mortality was observed in both FAdV-8b infected and control chickens, as well. However, hepatic necrosis and a small amount of inflammatory cell infiltration were observed by pathological analysis. Viral load was detected in bursa of Fabricius, cecal tonsils, liver, heart, spleen, Harderian glands, and thymus. Virus shedding and viremia generated as early as 3 days postinfection (dpi) (9/10) and reached the peak at 7 dpi (10/10). In addition, the infected birds had developed FAdV-specific antibodies at 7 dpi, and the antibody titers reached the peak at 14 dpi. Furthermore, the results demonstrated that the mRNA expression levels of most of toll-like receptors (TLRs), most of avian ß-defensins (AvBDs), and cytokines [interleukin (IL)-2, IL-6, and interferon (IFN)-γ], were significantly upregulated in most tissues at early phases of FAdV-8b infection, especially in liver and spleen. In contrast, FAdV-8b infection results in downregulation of TLR4, TLR5, and TLR21 expressions in some tissues of infected chickens. In addition, FAdV-8b infection upregulated myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88), nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) p65, and TIR-domain-containing adapter inducing interferon-ß (TRIF) expression in some tissues, while decreased NF-κBp65 and TRIF in spleen at both 72 hpi and 21 dpi. Taken together, these results confirmed that FAdV-8b could replicate in all investigated tissues of infected birds, and then, result in production of FAdV-specific antibody titers. Meanwhile, the FAdV-8b infection induces strong innate immune responses at early stage in chickens, which may associate with the viral pathogenesis.


Assuntos
Infecções por Adenoviridae , Aviadenovirus , Doenças das Aves Domésticas , Animais , Galinhas , Virulência , Sorogrupo , Infecções por Adenoviridae/veterinária , Aviadenovirus/genética , Imunidade Inata , Organismos Livres de Patógenos Específicos
19.
Microb Pathog ; 181: 106208, 2023 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37364799

RESUMO

The adenovirus family of adenoviridae includes mammalian adenoviruses (mastadenoviruses) and avian adenoviruses (avi-adenoviruses), which are known to cause cold or flu and HPS. A wide variety of afflicted birds, including chicken, pigeon, and psittacine species, have been reported to carry aviadenoviruses. Fowl adenovirus, which causes hydropericardium syndrome (FAdV). The disease is highly contagious and quickly spreads from one flock to another and from one farm to another using mechanical and horizontal transmission paths as well as contaminated litter. The drug Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) is reported to have a significant binding affinity against the 7W83 receptors (-7.7 kcal/mol) respectively. The study focuses on the therapeutic methodology development of Adenoviral infection. In order to discover useful combinations of the drugs in practice, molecular docking methods were also used to match fowl adenovirus protein with anti-viral compounds. To further support the docking effects, extensive molecular dynamics simulations were also used.


Assuntos
Infecções por Adenoviridae , Aviadenovirus , Melopsittacus , Doenças das Aves Domésticas , Psittaciformes , Animais , Simulação de Acoplamento Molecular , Adenoviridae , Galinhas , Infecções por Adenoviridae/veterinária , Filogenia , Mamíferos
20.
J Virol Methods ; 319: 114760, 2023 09.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37290574

RESUMO

To detect the antibody against fowl adenovirus serotype 4 (FAdV-4) in clinical practice, the latex agglutination test (LAT) was developed by using the Fiber-2 protein of FAdV-4 as an antigen bound to sensitized latex microspheres. The concentration, time, and temperature of sensitization latex microspheres by the Fiber-2 protein were studied and optimized; the specificity, sensitivity, and repeatability of LAT were tested; and the method developed in the study was applied. The results showed that the optimum sensitization concentration of Fiber-2 protein was 0.8 mg/mL, the time was 120 min, and the temperature was 37 â„ƒ. Except for antiserum against FAdV-4 and FAdV-10, LAT developed in the study could not agglutinate antisera against FAdV-1, FAdV-2, FAdV-3, FAdV-4, FAdV-5, FAdV-6, FAdV-8a, FAdV-8b, FAdV-11, Newcastle disease virus, infectious bronchitis virus, egg drop syndrome virus and Clostridium perfringens. Compared with the commercial FAdV-4 ELISA Kit, the titers in 21 clinical samples were low when tested by the developed LAT method, but there was no significant difference. The coefficients of variation among different batches and the same batch of latex-sensitized particles were between 0 % and 13.3 % and 0-8.7 %, respectively. The critical value of immune protective antibody against FAdV-4 was 25, and the titers in 40.9 % of clinical samples were higher than the immune critical point. The results showed that the Fiber-2-based LAT developed in the study has the characteristics of high specificity, sensitivity and repeatability, has the advantages of free equipment, long shelf life, and fast and easy operation, and is an effective and convenient method for serological diagnosis of FAdV-4 infection and evaluating the efficacy of vaccines.


Assuntos
Infecções por Adenoviridae , Aviadenovirus , Doenças das Aves Domésticas , Animais , Sorogrupo , Infecções por Adenoviridae/diagnóstico , Infecções por Adenoviridae/veterinária , Testes de Fixação do Látex , Anticorpos Antivirais , Galinhas , Adenoviridae , Doenças das Aves Domésticas/diagnóstico
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