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1.
BMC Pediatr ; 24(1): 62, 2024 Jan 20.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38245683

RESUMO

Radioulnar synostosis with amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenia (RUSAT) type 2, caused by MDS1 and EVI1 complex locus (MECOM) gene mutations, is a rare inherited bone marrow failure syndrome (IBMFS) with skeletal anomalies, characterized by varying presentation of congenital thrombocytopenia (progressing to pancytopenia), bilateral proximal radioulnar synostosis, and other skeletal abnormalities. Due to limited knowledge and heterogenous manifestations, clinical diagnosis of the disease is challenging. Here we reported a novel MECOM mutation in a Chinese boy with typical clinical features for RUSAT-2. Trio-based whole exome sequencing of buccal swab revealed a novel heterozygous missense mutation in exon 11 of the MECOM gene (chr3:168818673; NM_001105078.3:c.2285G > A). The results strongly suggest that the variant was a germline mutation and disease-causing mutation. The patient received matched unrelated donor hematopoetic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). This finding was not only expanded the pathogenic mutation spectrum of MECOM gene, but also provided key information for clinical diagnosis and treatment of RUSAT-2.


Assuntos
Mutação de Sentido Incorreto , Rádio (Anatomia) , Sinostose , Trombocitopenia , Ulna , Humanos , Masculino , China , Proteína do Locus do Complexo MDS1 e EVI1/genética , Mutação , Rádio (Anatomia)/anormalidades , Trombocitopenia/genética , Trombocitopenia/diagnóstico , Fatores de Transcrição/genética , Ulna/anormalidades
2.
Prenat Diagn ; 44(3): 369-372, 2024 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38163266

RESUMO

Raine syndrome (MIM 259775) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder, first described by Raine et al. in 1989, with an estimated prevalence of <1/1,000,000. This is due to pathogenic variants in FAM20C characterized by osteosclerosis, typical craniofacial features, and brain calcifications. Here, we report a novel variant in FAM20C, describe a uniquely severe craniofacial and CNS phenotype of Raine syndrome, and correlate it with prenatal findings. Fetal phenotyping was based on ultrasound and MRI. Solo exome sequencing was performed from DNA extracted from postmortem skin biopsy. Targeted parental variant testing was subsequently performed. A homozygous missense variant NM_020223.4 (c.1445 G > A (p.Gly482Glu)) was identified in FAM20C associated with Raine syndrome. The infant had the characteristic dysmorphic features seen in Raine syndrome. He had particularly significant CNS manifestations consisting of multisuture craniosynostosis with protrusion of the brain parenchyma through fontanelles and cranial lacunae. Histological sections of the brain showed marked periventricular gliosis with regions of infarction, hemorrhage, and cavitation with global periventricular leukomalacia. Numerous dystrophic calcifications were diffusely present. Here, we demonstrate the identification of a novel variant in FAM20C in an infant with the characteristic features seen in Raine syndrome. The patient expands the characteristic phenotype of Raine syndrome to include a uniquely severe CNS phenotype, first identified on prenatal imaging.


Assuntos
Anormalidades Múltiplas , Encefalopatias , Fissura Palatina , Anormalidades Craniofaciais , Exoftalmia , Microcefalia , Osteosclerose , Sinostose , Masculino , Lactente , Humanos , Gravidez , Feminino , Proteínas da Matriz Extracelular/genética , Caseína Quinase I/genética , Osteosclerose/diagnóstico por imagem , Osteosclerose/genética , Encéfalo/diagnóstico por imagem , Fenótipo , Sinostose/complicações , Crânio
3.
J Med Genet ; 61(4): 363-368, 2024 Mar 21.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38290823

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: SMAD6 encodes an intracellular inhibitor of the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signalling pathway. Until now, rare heterozygous loss-of-function variants in SMAD6 were demonstrated to increase the risk of disparate clinical disorders including cardiovascular disease, craniosynostosis and radioulnar synostosis. Only two unrelated patients harbouring biallelic SMAD6 variants presenting a complex cardiovascular phenotype and facial dysmorphism have been described. CASES: Here, we present the first two patients with craniosynostosis harbouring homozygous SMAD6 variants. The male probands, both born to healthy consanguineous parents, were diagnosed with metopic synostosis and bilateral or unilateral radioulnar synostosis. Additionally, one proband had global developmental delay. Echocardiographic evaluation did not reveal cardiac or outflow tract abnormalities. MOLECULAR ANALYSES: The novel missense (c.[584T>G];[584T>G], p.[(Val195Gly)];[(Val195Gly)]) and missense/splice-site variant (c.[817G>A];[817G>A], r.[(817g>a,817delins[a;817+2_817+228])];[(817g>a,817delins[a;817+2_817+228])], p.[(Glu273Lys,Glu273Serfs*72)];[(Glu273Lys,Glu273Serfs*72)]) both locate in the functional MH1 domain of the protein and have not been reported in gnomAD database. Functional analyses of the variants showed reduced inhibition of BMP signalling or abnormal splicing, respectively, consistent with a hypomorphic mechanism of action. CONCLUSION: Our data expand the spectrum of variants and phenotypic spectrum associated with homozygous variants of SMAD6 to include craniosynostosis.


Assuntos
Craniossinostoses , Rádio (Anatomia)/anormalidades , Sinostose , Ulna/anormalidades , Humanos , Masculino , Craniossinostoses/diagnóstico , Craniossinostoses/genética , Rádio (Anatomia)/metabolismo , Ulna/metabolismo , Mutação de Sentido Incorreto/genética , Proteína Smad6/genética , Proteína Smad6/metabolismo
4.
Pediatr Radiol ; 54(2): 324-336, 2024 02.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38238598

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: In the presence of pain over the lateral aspect of the foot or recurrent ankle sprain in children, medical imaging is often employed to investigate potential causes, such as a calcaneonavicular coalition or a too-long anterior process (TLAP) of the calcaneus. Diagnosis and categorization of calcaneonavicular coalitions (synostosis, synchondrosis, or synfibrosis) is generally facilitated through imaging, in contrast to TLAP, which lacks well-defined semiological characteristics, apart from a calcaneonavicular space measurement of less than 5 mm. However, this measurement initially performed on an oblique view radiograph can be subject to a lack of precision due to positional variations of the foot and overlapping bones. Furthermore, the differentiation between TLAP as an anatomical variant and TLAP syndrome (characterized by symptomatic presentation), remains a subject of uncertainty. OBJECTIVE: The objective of our retrospective study was to investigate the imaging diagnosis of TLAP syndrome. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective unmatched case-control study was conducted, covering data from February 2014 to January 2021. All patients, included retrospectively and consecutively, were initially managed in our hospital with radiography and/or computed tomography (CT) and/or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Two radiologists independently reviewed the images taken (radiographs, CT scans, and MRIs) of patients undergoing treatment in pediatric orthopedics for TLAP syndrome and control subjects, utilizing a standardized questionnaire. The control group consisted of subjects with no features suggestive of TLAP syndrome. The questionnaire included measurements of the calcaneonavicular space and identification of indirect signs associated with calcaneonavicular coalitions, as described in the related literature. RESULTS: A total of 128 patients who met the inclusion criteria were included in the analysis, including 38 patients and 90 controls. The prevalence of TLAP was 71.5% in the study population and 62.6% among controls. A threshold measurement of the calcaneonavicular space at 3.2 mm favored TLAP syndrome (sensitivity=97%, specificity=70%, area under the curve [95% confidence interval] =0.881[0.812-0.949]), with better precision using CT. Three indirect signs were significant: the "anteater nose" sign, the talar beak, and the tapered anterior calcaneal process. These signs demonstrated an even stronger association with TLAP syndrome when observed in conjunction with a reduction in the calcaneonavicular space, particularly in CT scans. CONCLUSION: TLAP is common among control subjects. Therefore, a variant appears to be the most plausible explanation and it can be considered a mild form of calcaneonavicular coalition. However, in conjunction with symptoms suggestive of TLAP syndrome, the diagnosis is further supported by imaging, specifically with a calcaneonavicular space measurement of less than 3.2 mm. This measurement is most accurately obtained using CT with 2-dimensional reconstructions in all three planes. The simultaneous presence of the "anteater nose" sign, the talar beak, or the tapered anterior calcaneal process provides additional diagnostic evidence. In the diagnostic approach of calcaneonavicular coalition, oblique foot radiography seems useful in initially detecting abnormal coalition (bony or not), and complementarily, CT emerges as the best modality to characterize TLAP syndrome.


Assuntos
Sinostose , Ossos do Tarso , Criança , Humanos , Adolescente , Estudos Retrospectivos , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Vermilingua
5.
Oper Orthop Traumatol ; 36(1): 4-11, 2024 Feb.
Artigo em Alemão | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37725190

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: Early correction of congenital scoliosis including short fusion, while minimizing both mobility restrictions and growth impairment. INDICATIONS: Congenital scoliosis with marked deformity, proven progression, significant compensatory curves, and/or impairment of trunk balance. Furthermore, in case of compression of neural structures or pain due to secondary degeneration. CONTRAINDICATIONS: No absolute contraindication. SURGICAL TECHNIQUE: Posterior approach to the apex of the deformity. In the growing spine the periosteum should only be touched at the levels where fusion is planned. Insertion of pedicle screws adjacent to the hemivertebra. The posterior elements of the hemivertebra are removed: lamina, joint facets, pedicle, transverse process. Resection of the accessory proximal rib in the thoracic spine. Following blunt dissection at the lateral and anterior surface of the hemivertebra, the body of the hemivertebra and the adjacent discs are resected. The resulting gap is closed by compression via transpedicular instrumentation thus correcting the scoliotic deformity. In case of synostosis or contralateral bar formation, the concave side of the spine is dissected and the synostosis osteomized. POSTOPERATIVE MANAGEMENT: Early mobilization on postoperative day 1. Bracing for 12 weeks depending on stability of the instrumentation. Periodic clinical and radiographic controls until the end of growth. RESULTS: Posterior hemivertebra resection with transpedicular instrumentation is considered as the standard treatment of congenital scoliosis. Correction rates of 60-80% are achieved. Cervical and lumbosacral hemivertebrae may require an additional anterior approach. In case of synostosis, bar formation, or rib synostosis, further corrective surgeries may be necessary during growth.


Assuntos
Escoliose , Fusão Vertebral , Sinostose , Humanos , Escoliose/diagnóstico por imagem , Escoliose/cirurgia , Resultado do Tratamento , Coluna Vertebral/anormalidades , Coluna Vertebral/cirurgia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Seguimentos , Vértebras Torácicas/cirurgia
6.
Childs Nerv Syst ; 40(1): 11-17, 2024 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37819507

RESUMO

Raine's syndrome (RS) is a rare genetic disorder. Only 25 cases are in literature. Occurs due to genetic mutation resulting in deranged bone metabolism. Few cases are reported discussing the neurosurgical ramifications of the disease. We report a child diagnosed with RS. He was presented with multisutural synostosis requiring craniofacial intervention with two vault expansions. Additionally, required VP shunt due to hydrocephalus. We consider our case unique among reports of RS, as our patient has survived for 10. He died due to valve obstruction of the VP shunt. We also present a review of relevant medical literature.


Assuntos
Craniossinostoses , Hidrocefalia , Sinostose , Criança , Humanos , Masculino , Craniossinostoses/cirurgia , Hidrocefalia/etiologia , Hidrocefalia/cirurgia , Doenças Raras/cirurgia , Síndrome , Sinostose/cirurgia , Derivação Ventriculoperitoneal
7.
BMC Musculoskelet Disord ; 24(1): 731, 2023 Sep 14.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37710239

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Segmental fractures often result from high-energy or indirect trauma that causes bending or torsional forces with axial loading. We evaluated surgical outcomes of patients with forearm segmental diaphyseal fractures. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed data from patients with forearm segmental fractures for which they underwent surgery at the Pusan National University Trauma Center from March 2013 to March 2022. We also analyzed accompanying injuries, injury severity score (ISS), injury mechanism, occurrence of open fracture, surgical technique, and treatment results. RESULTS: Fifteen patients were identified, one with bilateral segmental diaphyseal forearm bone fracture, for a total of 16 cases. Nine of the patients were male. The overall mean age was 50 years, and the mean follow-up period was 16.2 months. Six cases who underwent surgery using plate osteosynthesis achieved bone union without length deformity at final follow-up. Three of seven patients who underwent intramedullary nailing alone underwent reoperation due to nonunion. Six cases achieved bone union at final follow-up, three of which showed length deformity. Three patients underwent surgery using a hybrid method of IM nailing, plates, and mini cables. One patient who underwent surgery with a plate and one patient who underwent surgery with IM nailing alone showed nonunion and were lost to follow-up. CONCLUSION: Plate osteosynthesis is considered the gold standard for treatment of adult forearm diaphyseal segmental fractures. In this study, IM nailing was associated with high rates of non-union and length deformity. However, the combination of IM nailing and a plate-cable system may be an acceptable alternative in segmental diaphyseal forearm fracture, achieving a union rate similar to that provided by plate fixation.


Assuntos
Fixação Intramedular de Fraturas , Fraturas Expostas , Sinostose , Humanos , Adulto , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Feminino , Antebraço , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fixação Interna de Fraturas
8.
Zhonghua Yi Xue Yi Chuan Xue Za Zhi ; 40(9): 1118-1123, 2023 Sep 10.
Artigo em Chinês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37643958

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To explore the clinical and genetic characteristics of a Chinese pedigree affected with Multiple synostoses syndrome type 1 (SYNS1). METHODS: Clinical data of the proband and her family members were collected. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood samples. Whole-exome sequencing (WES) and whole-genome sequencing (WGS) were carried out for the proband and her parents. RESULTS: The pedigree has comprised of 14 members from three generations, of whom six had manifested hearing loss, with other symptoms including proximal symphalangism, hemicylindrical nose, amblyopia, strabismus, brachydactyly, incomplete syndactyly, which fulfilled the diagnostic criteria for SYNS1. WES had detected no pathogenic single nucleotide variants and insertion-deletion (InDel) in the coding region of the NOG gene, whilst copy number variation (CNV) analysis indicated that there was a heterozygous deletion involving the NOG gene. WGS revealed a heterozygous deletion (54171786_55143998) in 17q22 of the proband. The CNV was classified as pathogenic based on the guidelines from the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG). CONCLUSION: The heterozygous deletion in 17p22 involving the NOG gene probably underlay the pathogenesis of SYNS1 in this pedigree. Above finding has enriched the mutational spectrum of NOG. CNV should be considered when conventional sequencing has failed to detect any pathogenic variants in such patients.


Assuntos
Variações do Número de Cópias de DNA , Sinostose , Feminino , Humanos , População do Leste Asiático , Linhagem , Fenótipo
9.
Congenit Anom (Kyoto) ; 63(6): 190-194, 2023 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37563890

RESUMO

A family of Pakistani origin, segregating polydactyly, and phalangeal synostosis in an autosomal dominant manner, has been investigated and presented in the present report. Whole-exome sequencing (WES), followed by segregation analysis using Sanger sequencing, revealed a heterozygous missense variant [c.G1696A, p.(Gly566Ser)] in the LRP4 gene located on human chromosome 11p11.2. Homology protein modeling revealed the mutant Ser566 generated new interactions with at least four other amino acids and disrupted protein folding and function. Our findings demonstrated the first direct evidence of involvement of LRP4 in causing polydactyly and phalangeal synostosis in the same family. This study highlighted the importance of inclusion of LRP4 gene in screening individuals presenting polydactyly in hands and feet, and phalangeal synostosis in the same family.


Assuntos
Polidactilia , Sinostose , Humanos , Proteína-1 Relacionada a Receptor de Lipoproteína de Baixa Densidade/genética , Paquistão , Polidactilia/diagnóstico , Sinostose/diagnóstico , Sinostose/genética , Dedos , Linhagem , Proteínas Relacionadas a Receptor de LDL/genética
10.
Arch Orthop Trauma Surg ; 143(12): 6993-7008, 2023 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37462747

RESUMO

PURPOSE: To analyze the outcome of surgical treatment of tarsal coalition, assess the role of the surgical technique, as well as of coalition size and type on outcomes. METHODS: The search followed the Preferred Reporting Items of Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis and was performed in four databases: MEDLINE, Central, Scopus and Web of Science. The protocol has been registered in the international prospective register of systematic reviews. Patient-reported outcomes (PROMs), complications, revisions and radiographic recurrence were collected. Risk of bias was assessed using MINORS criteria. A random-effects model for meta-analysis was applied for analysis of data heterogeneity. RESULTS: Twenty-five studies including 760 tarsal coalitions were included and had a weighted average follow-up of 44 months. Studies scored fair to poor on the risk of bias assessment with a mean MINORS score of 67% (44-81%). In 77.8% (37.5-100%) of surgically treated tarsal coalitions, good/excellent/non-limiting or improved PROMs were reported. Calculated data heterogeneity was moderate (I2 = 57%). Open bar resection with material interposition had a clinical success rate of 78.8% (50-100%). Complications occurred in 4.96% of cases. Coalition size did not prove to be a determining factor in postoperative outcome. The influence of the coalition type was not investigated by any of the studies. CONCLUSION: Data on outcomes of surgical management for tarsal coalitions is limited to retrospective case series with high risk of bias and moderate data heterogeneity. In about ¾ of cases, open resection and interposition of material results in improved PROMs. The arbitrary margin of ≥ 50% of TC coalition size in relation to the posterior facet has little importance in surgical decision-making. None of the studies reported on the influence of the coalition type on postoperative clinical success.


Assuntos
Sinostose , Ossos do Tarso , Coalizão Tarsal , Humanos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Sinostose/complicações , Sinostose/cirurgia , Revisões Sistemáticas como Assunto , Ossos do Tarso/cirurgia , Coalizão Tarsal/complicações
12.
J Orthop Surg Res ; 18(1): 410, 2023 Jun 05.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37277880

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to accurately evaluate the matching of proximal and distal femoral segments and fitting of the femur-femoral stem in patients with Crowe type IV developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) who have undergone subtrochanteric osteotomy at different locations with an implanted Wagner cone stem to improve the rate of the bone union at the osteotomy site. METHODS: Three-dimensional femur morphology of 40 patients with Crowe type IV DDH was evaluated at each cross-section to determine the femoral cortical bone area. This study focused on five osteotomy lengths (2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, and 4.5 cm). The overlapped area between the proximal and distal cortical bone segments was defined as the contact area (S, mm2), and the contact area to distal cortical bone area ratio was defined as the coincidence rate (R). Three indicators were used to evaluate the matching and fitting of the osteotomy sites with the implanted Wagner cone stems: (1) higher S and R between the proximal and distal segments; (2) the effective fixation length of the femoral stem at the distal segments being at least 1.5 cm; and (3) osteotomy did not involve the isthmus. RESULTS: In all groups, S significantly decreased in the two proximal levels above the 0.5 cm level below the lesser trochanter (LT) compared with those below this level. In comparison, at osteotomy lengths from 2.5 to 4 cm, R significantly decreased in the three proximal levels. The optimal osteotomy levels ranged from 1.5 and 2.5 cm below the LT for an appropriately sized stem. CONCLUSIONS: Subtrochanteric osteotomy at the optimal level not only ensures fitting of the femur-femoral stem but also meets the requirements of a higher S and R to ensure adequate reduction and stabilization at the osteotomy site, which may contribute to the bone union. Although the optimal osteotomy level varies with the size of the femoral stem and the length of the subtrochanteric osteotomy, the optimal osteotomy levels for an appropriately sized Wagner cone femoral stem implantation range from 1.5 to 2.5 cm below the LT.


Assuntos
Artroplastia de Quadril , Displasia do Desenvolvimento do Quadril , Luxação Congênita de Quadril , Sinostose , Humanos , Artroplastia de Quadril/métodos , Luxação Congênita de Quadril/diagnóstico por imagem , Luxação Congênita de Quadril/cirurgia , Displasia do Desenvolvimento do Quadril/cirurgia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fêmur/diagnóstico por imagem , Fêmur/cirurgia , Osteotomia/métodos , Sinostose/cirurgia
13.
Medicina (Kaunas) ; 59(6)2023 Jun 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37374360

RESUMO

Background and Objectives: Only nine patients with interstitial de novo 8q22.2q22.3 microdeletions have been reported to date. The objective of this report is to present clinical features of a new patient with an 8q22.2q22.3 microdeletion, to compare her phenotype to other previously reported patients, and to further expand the phenotype associated with this microdeletion. Materials and Methods: We describe an 8½-year-old girl with developmental delay, congenital hip dysplasia, a bilateral foot deformity, bilateral congenital radioulnar synostosis, a congenital heart defect, and minor facial anomalies. Results: Chromosomal microarray analysis revealed a 4.9 Mb deletion in the 8q22.2q22.3 region. De novo origin was confirmed by real-time PCR analysis. Conclusions: Microdeletions in the 8q22.2q22.3 region are characterized by moderate to severe intellectual disability, seizures, distinct facial features and skeletal abnormalities. In addition to one already reported individual with an 8q22.2q22.3 microdeletion and unilateral radioulnar synostosis, this report of a child with bilateral radioulnar synostosis provides additional evidence, that radioulnar synostosis is not an incidental finding in individuals with an 8q22.2q22.3 microdeletion. Additional patients with similar microdeletions would be of a great importance for more accurate phenotypic description and further analysis of the genotypic-phenotypic relationship.


Assuntos
Anormalidades Múltiplas , Deficiência Intelectual , Sinostose , Feminino , Humanos , Deleção Cromossômica , Anormalidades Múltiplas/genética , Sinostose/genética , Deficiência Intelectual/genética , Fenótipo
14.
Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol ; 33(8): 3307-3318, 2023 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37289244

RESUMO

Reconstructive surgery of the clavicle using free vascularised fibula grafting (FVFG) is sometimes required for the management of severe bone loss or non-union. As the procedure is relatively rare, there is no universal agreement on the management and outcome. This systematic review aimed to first, identify the conditions for which FVFG has been applied; second, to gain an understanding of the surgical techniques used; and third, to report outcomes related to bone union, infection eradication, function and complications. A PRISMA strategy was used. Medline, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Scopus and EMBASE library databases were interrogated using pre-defined MeSH terms and Boolean operators. Quality of evidence was evaluated based on OCEBM and GRADE systems. Fourteen studies based on 37 patients were identified with a mean follow-up time of 33.3 months. The most common reasons for the procedure were: fracture non-union; tumours requiring resection; post-radiation treatment osteonecrosis and osteomyelitis. The operation approaches were similar, involving graft retrieval, insertion and fixation and vessels chosen for reattachment. The mean clavicular bone defect size was 6.6 cm (± 1.5), prior to FVFG. Bone union occurred in 94.6% with good functional outcomes. Complete infection eradication occurred in those with preceding osteomyelitis. The main complications were broken metalwork, delayed union/non-union and fibular leg paraesthesia (n = 20). The mean re-operation number was 1.6 (range 0-5.0). The study demonstrates that FVFG is well tolerated and has a high success rate. However, patients should be advised about complication development and re-intervention requirement. Interestingly, overall data is sparse with no large cohort groups or randomised trials.


Assuntos
Fraturas Ósseas , Osteomielite , Sinostose , Humanos , Fíbula/transplante , Resultado do Tratamento , Clavícula/cirurgia , Fraturas Ósseas/complicações , Osteomielite/cirurgia , Transplante Ósseo/métodos , Sinostose/etiologia
15.
Prenat Diagn ; 43(6): 717-720, 2023 06.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37160698

RESUMO

We report a fetus with hydrops, congenital heart disease and bilateral radioulnar synostosis caused by a novel pathogenic MECOM variant. The female fetus was referred for post-mortem examination after fetal hydrops and intrauterine death was diagnosed at 20 weeks gestation. Post-mortem examination confirmed fetal hydrops, pallor, truncus arteriosus and bilateral radioulnar synostosis. Trio whole genome sequencing analysis detected a novel de novo heterozygous pathogenic loss-of-function variant in MECOM (NM_004991), associated with a diagnosis of Radioulnar Synostosis with Amegakaryocytic Thrombocytopenia 2 (RUSAT-2). RUSAT-2 is a variable condition associated postnatally with bone marrow failure, radioulnar synostosis and congenital anomalies. RUSAT-2 is not currently associated with a prenatal phenotype or fetal demise, and was not present on diagnostic NHS prenatal gene panels at time of diagnosis. This case highlights the diagnostic value of detailed phenotyping with post-mortem examination, and of using a broad sequencing approach.


Assuntos
Hidropisia Fetal , Sinostose , Feminino , Humanos , Gravidez , Hidropisia Fetal/diagnóstico , Hidropisia Fetal/genética , Proteína do Locus do Complexo MDS1 e EVI1 , Diagnóstico Pré-Natal , Rádio (Anatomia)/anormalidades , Sinostose/complicações , Sinostose/genética , Ulna/anormalidades
16.
J Hand Surg Asian Pac Vol ; 28(2): 292-296, 2023 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37120300

RESUMO

A 28-year-old man sustained a complex forearm injury from high-energy trauma, causing ulnar nerve injury, a bone defect, forearm malunion and synostosis. A 3D-printed titanium truss cage was used to solve these problems. This patient achieved union of the bone defect, was pain-free and had no recurrent synostosis 2 years after reconstructive surgery. The advantages of the 3D-printed titanium truss cage included anatomical fit, immediate mobilisation and low morbidity of the donor side of the bone graft. This study reported a promising result from using 3D-printed titanium truss cages to manage complex forearm bony problems. Level of Evidence: Level V (Therapeutic).


Assuntos
Traumatismos do Antebraço , Sinostose , Masculino , Humanos , Adulto , Titânio/uso terapêutico , Impressão Tridimensional , Próteses e Implantes , Traumatismos do Antebraço/complicações , Traumatismos do Antebraço/diagnóstico por imagem , Traumatismos do Antebraço/cirurgia
17.
Genes (Basel) ; 14(3)2023 03 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36980996

RESUMO

Multiple synostoses syndrome (OMIM: #186500, #610017, #612961, #617898) is a genetically heterogeneous group of autosomal dominant diseases characterized by abnormal bone unions. The joint fusions frequently involve the hands, feet, elbows or vertebrae. Pathogenic variants in FGF9 have been associated with multiple synostoses syndrome type 3 (SYNS3). So far, only five different missense variants in FGF9 that cause SYNS3 have been reported in 18 affected individuals. Unlike other multiple synostoses syndromes, conductive hearing loss has not been reported in SYNS3. In this report, we describe the clinical and selected radiological findings in a large multigenerational family with a novel missense variant in FGF9: c.430T>C, p.(Trp144Arg). We extend the phenotypic spectrum of SYNS3 by suggesting that cleft palate and conductive hearing loss are part of the syndrome and highlight the high degree of intrafamilial phenotypic variability. These findings should be considered when counseling affected individuals.


Assuntos
Perda Auditiva Condutiva , Sinostose , Humanos , Família Estendida , Fator 9 de Crescimento de Fibroblastos , Perda Auditiva Condutiva/genética , Mutação de Sentido Incorreto , Síndrome
18.
Orthop Surg ; 15(5): 1348-1356, 2023 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36960490

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: The deformity of congenital radioulnar synostosis is quite complicated and difficult. This study aims to find out the related factors of the "forearm rotation angle" (FR) which relate to the severity of congenital radioulnar synostosis (CRUS), and try to quantify the internal relations of each deformity and help to understand the reconstruction method in surgery treatment of this disease. METHODS: This study is case series research. We established 48 digital three-dimensional forearm bone models of 48 patients with congenital radioulnar synostosis classified as Cleary and Omer type 3. All the patients were treated at our institution from January 2010 to June 2016. In total, 10 independent deformities (the rotation angle of forearm; the internal rotation, radial, and dorsal angulation of radius and ulna; the relative length of osseous fusion at PRUJ; the relative dislocation distance of distal radioulnar joint; the relative area of proximal radial epiphysis) involved in the CRUS complex deformity were measured. Pearson correlation analysis for each deformity which was mentioned above was performed, and multivariate linear regression analysis was also performed with FR as the dependent variable and the other deformities as the influential factors. RESULTS: The "dorsal angle of radius" (DAR, 21.69° ± 21.55°) had the strongest correlation with the FR (79.72° ± 40.39°), the Pearson correlation coefficient was 0.601 (p < 0.01), the internal rotation angle of the radius (IRAR, 82.69° ± 54.98°) had a moderate correlation with FR, the Pearson correlation coefficient was 0.552 (p < 0.01). A forearm deformity equation was established: FR = 35.896 + 0.271 DAR + 0.989 IRAR. CONCLUSION: The dorsal angulation deformity of radius may be the most important deformity that effects the severity of CRUS and should be correct in the first place during reconstruction operation.


Assuntos
Sinostose , Ulna , Humanos , Ulna/diagnóstico por imagem , Ulna/cirurgia , Rádio (Anatomia)/diagnóstico por imagem , Rádio (Anatomia)/cirurgia , Antebraço , Sinostose/diagnóstico por imagem , Sinostose/cirurgia
19.
Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol ; 62(2): 334-335, 2023 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36965904

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: The main objectives of this case report are to discuss prenatal ultrasound findings of congenital radioulnar synostosis and to review the literature. CASE REPORT: A patient was diagnosed with congenital radioulnar synostosis at eight months old when parents noticed limited motions in the child's left forearm. The parent denied any traumatic or family history of bony malformations. Physical examination by a pediatric orthopedics specialist and digital radiography revealed proximal radioulnar synostosis. The case report includes perinatal course, comparison between the postnatal radiography and fetal ultrasound images. CONCLUSION: Congenital radioulnar synostosis is often associated with sex chromosome abnormalities and congenital musculoskeletal disorders or syndromes affecting limbs. Isolated congenital radioulnar synostosis is hardly diagnosed before birth, in some cases even have been neglected postnatally. Knowing the developmental milestones of the forearm and specified high-risk groups might help develop a targeted screening strategy to increase the possibility of early detection and intervention.


Assuntos
Sinostose , Criança , Feminino , Gravidez , Humanos , Lactente , Sinostose/diagnóstico por imagem , Sinostose/complicações , Rádio (Anatomia)/diagnóstico por imagem , Rádio (Anatomia)/anormalidades , Ulna/diagnóstico por imagem , Ulna/anormalidades , Diagnóstico Pré-Natal
20.
J Bone Miner Res ; 38(4): 568-577, 2023 04.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36744814

RESUMO

Multiple synostoses syndromes (SYNS) are a group of rare genetic bone disorders characterized by multiple joint fusions. We previously reported an SYNS4-causing GDF6 c.1330 T > A (p.Tyr444Asn) mutation, which reduced Noggin-induced GDF6 inhibition and enhanced SMAD1/5/8 signaling. However, the mechanisms by which GDF6 gain-of-function mutation alters joint formation and the comprehensive molecular portraits of SYNS4 remain unclear. Herein, we introduce the p.Tyr443Asn (orthologous to the human GDF6 p.Tyr444Asn) mutation into the mouse Gdf6 locus and report the results of extensive phenotype analysis, joint development investigation, and transcriptome profiling of Gdf6 p.Tyr443Asn limb buds. Gdf6 p.Tyr443Asn knock-in mice recapitulated the morphological features of human SYNS4, showing joint fusion in the wrists, ankles, phalanges, and auditory ossicles. Analysis of mouse embryonic forelimbs demonstrated joint interzone formation defects and excess chondrogenesis in Gdf6 p.Tyr443Asn knock-in mice. Further, RNA sequencing of forelimb buds revealed enhanced bone formation and upregulated bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling in mice carrying the Gdf6 p.Tyr443Asn mutation. Because tightly regulated BMP signaling is critical for skeletal development and joint morphogenesis, our study shows that enhancing GDF6 activity has a significant impact on both prenatal joint development and postnatal joint maintenance. © 2023 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).


Assuntos
Proteínas Morfogenéticas Ósseas , Fator 6 de Diferenciação de Crescimento , Sinostose , Animais , Humanos , Camundongos , Osso e Ossos/metabolismo , Proteínas Morfogenéticas Ósseas/genética , Proteínas Morfogenéticas Ósseas/metabolismo , Fator 6 de Diferenciação de Crescimento/genética , Fator 6 de Diferenciação de Crescimento/metabolismo , Mutação/genética , Sinostose/genética
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