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1.
J Korean Med Sci ; 39(8): e81, 2024 Mar 04.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38442722

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) is a rare hematologic disorder caused by uncontrolled terminal complement activation, which leads to intravascular hemolysis (IVH), thromboembolism (TE), renal failure, and premature mortality. METHODS: We performed a secondary analysis of data collected from patients enrolled in the Korean National PNH Registry to assess the relative importance of risk factors, specifically lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and hemoglobin (Hb), in predicting the incidence of TE, impaired renal function, and death in complement inhibitor-naïve patients with PNH. RESULTS: Multivariate regression modeling indicated that LDH ≥ 1.5 × upper limit of normal (ULN), male sex, and pain were associated with increased risk of TE (P = 0.016, 0.045, and 0.033, respectively), hemoglobinuria and pain were associated with an increased risk of impaired renal function (P = 0.034 and 0.022, respectively), and TE was associated with an increased incidence of death (P < 0.001). Hb < 8 g/dL was not a predictor of TE, impaired renal function, or death in multivariate regression analyses. Standardized mortality ratio analysis indicated that LDH ≥ 1.5 × ULN (P < 0.001), Hb < 8 g/dL (P < 0.001), and Hb ≥ 8 g/dL (P = 0.004) were all risk factors for death; in contrast, patients with LDH < 1.5 × ULN had similar mortality to the general population. CONCLUSION: In complement inhibitor-naïve patients with PNH, LDH ≥ 1.5 × ULN was a significant predictor of TE, and TE was a significant predictor of death. Hb was not a significant predictor of TE, impaired renal function, or death. Therefore, controlling IVH will improve clinical outcomes for patients with PNH.


Assuntos
Hemoglobinúria Paroxística , Tromboembolia , Humanos , Masculino , Hemoglobinúria Paroxística/complicações , Hemoglobinúria Paroxística/diagnóstico , Inativadores do Complemento , L-Lactato Desidrogenase , Dor , República da Coreia
2.
Kyobu Geka ; 77(1): 72-75, 2024 Jan.
Artigo em Japonês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38459849

RESUMO

A 67 years old male had underwent left upper division segmentectomy. On the sixth day after surgery, he had developed unconsciousness, aphasia and unilateral spatial neglect. Brain MRI revealed a cerebral infarction, and percutaneous cerebral thrombectomy was performed. Enhanced computed tomography revealed thrombus formation in the remnant superior pulmonary vein (SPV), left renal infarction and right acute limb ischemia. After starting anticoagulant therapy with apixaban the thrombus reduced and neurological symptoms improved. A thrombus in the SPV may cause serious whole body organ infarction in the same way as a left atrial thrombus. It was suggested that left upper division segmentectomy was associated with the risk of remnant pulmonary vein thrombosis.


Assuntos
Neoplasias Pulmonares , Veias Pulmonares , Tromboembolia , Trombose , Humanos , Masculino , Idoso , Veias Pulmonares/diagnóstico por imagem , Veias Pulmonares/cirurgia , Pneumonectomia/métodos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/cirurgia , Tromboembolia/cirurgia , Trombose/cirurgia , Infarto
3.
J Cardiothorac Surg ; 19(1): 134, 2024 Mar 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38491494

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Morphologically, the risk of aortic aneurysm rupture is mainly evaluated based on its type (e.g., fusiform or saccular) and diameter. Based on the finite element analysis, peak wall stress has been identified as a more sensitive and specific predictor of rupture in recent years. Moreover, in finite analysis, the neck of aneurysm is the highest peak wall stress and is associated with the rupture point. CASE PRESENTATION: A saccular aortic aneurysm (84 mm) was incidentally detected during preoperative examination for chronic empyema in a 74-year-old male patient with a history of polycythemia. Aortic arch graft replacement using an open stent was performed. CONCLUSIONS: Morphologically, this case was associated with a very high risk of rupture; nevertheless, it did not rupture. In this case, a mural thrombus (likely formed due to polycythemia) covered the neck of aneurysm that is experiencing the highest peak wall stress and is associated with the rupture point. The mural thrombus decreased peak wall stress and could reduce the risk of rupture even for huge saccular aneurysms. Furthermore, the mural thrombus was fully occupied in aneurysms, such as during coil embolization. Thus, polycythemia could decrease the risk of rupture of huge saccular aneurysms.


Assuntos
Aneurisma da Aorta Abdominal , Aneurisma Aórtico , Ruptura Aórtica , Policitemia , Tromboembolia , Trombose , Masculino , Humanos , Idoso , Policitemia/complicações , Aneurisma Aórtico/complicações , Ruptura Aórtica/complicações , Trombose/complicações , Trombose/cirurgia , Tromboembolia/complicações , Aneurisma da Aorta Abdominal/complicações
4.
Medicine (Baltimore) ; 103(12): e37403, 2024 Mar 22.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38518052

RESUMO

RATIONALE: Giant intracranial aneurysms pose a significant threat due to high mortality rates upon rupture, prompting interventions such as neurosurgical clipping or endovascular coiling. PATIENT CONCERNS: We present a rare case involving a 47-year-old female with a history of successfully treated ruptured giant intracranial aneurysms. Six months post-surgical clipping, she developed symptoms of acute ischemic stroke, prompting the decision for neurosurgical coiling and stent-assisted aneurysm coil embolization due to recurrent intracranial aneurysms. DIAGNOSES: Subsequently, occlusion occurred at the previously implanted stent site during embolization, necessitating exploration of alternative therapeutic options. Digital subtraction angiography confirmed stent occlusion in the right middle cerebral artery. INTERVENTIONS: Despite an initial unsuccessful attempt using a direct aspiration first-pass technique, the patient underwent successful mechanical thrombectomy with a retrievable stent, leading to successful reperfusion. This study aims to highlight the challenges and therapeutic strategies in managing delayed cerebral vascular occlusion following stent-assisted coil embolization, emphasizing the significance of exploring alternative interventions to enhance patient outcomes. OUTCOMES: The patient achieved successful reperfusion, and the study underscores the importance of recognizing and addressing delayed cerebral vascular occlusion after stent-assisted coil embolization for recurrent cerebral aneurysms. LESSONS: Our findings suggest that retrievable stent mechanical thrombectomy may serve as a viable therapeutic option in challenging scenarios, emphasizing the need for further exploration of alternative interventions to enhance patient care.


Assuntos
Aneurisma Roto , Embolização Terapêutica , Aneurisma Intracraniano , AVC Isquêmico , Tromboembolia , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Aneurisma Intracraniano/complicações , Aneurisma Intracraniano/cirurgia , Resultado do Tratamento , AVC Isquêmico/complicações , Stents/efeitos adversos , Embolização Terapêutica/métodos , Trombectomia/efeitos adversos , Tromboembolia/complicações , Aneurisma Roto/cirurgia , Angiografia Cerebral/efeitos adversos , Estudos Retrospectivos
5.
Sci Rep ; 14(1): 6831, 2024 03 21.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38514764

RESUMO

There are clinical situations where information about the anticoagulant effects of Apixaban could be useful. Specialised methods for measuring Apixaban concentrations are not available at all medical laboratories while methods for measuring the functional effects of Apixaban, using clot time ratio (CTR), can be performed in most medical laboratories around the clock using well-established measurement procedures. The aim of this study was to investigate CTR in trough and peak samples during Apixaban treatment of atrial fibrillation and to correlate the findings to bleeds and thrombotic events. Three trough- and three peak samples from 61 patients (31 on Apixaban 5 mg twice daily and 30 on Apixaban 2.5 mg twice daily) were analysed with MRX PT DOAC. Patients were followed for 30 + /-15 months, and bleeds and thrombotic events were documented. The effect of Apixaban could be measured with MRX PT DOAC and there was a statistically significant difference between CTR in trough samples compared to peak samples (p < 0.001). A total of 21 patients suffered bleeds during follow-up; two patients suffered major bleeds, and 19 suffered minor bleeds. Patients with major bleeds had both mean peak- and mean trough CTR above the respective first to third quartile (Q1-Q3) range. Four patients suffered thromboembolic events. Generally, the peak CTRs were below or in the lower end of the peak Q1-Q3 for these patients. The new test MRX PT DOAC can be used to measure the effect of Apixaban during the treatment of atrial fibrillation. High mean peak- and mean trough CTR were seen in 2 patients with major bleeds, and low peak CTR was seen in 4 patients with thromboembolic events.


Assuntos
Fibrilação Atrial , Pirazóis , Acidente Vascular Cerebral , Tromboembolia , Trombose , Humanos , Fibrilação Atrial/tratamento farmacológico , Fibrilação Atrial/induzido quimicamente , Anticoagulantes/efeitos adversos , Testes de Coagulação Sanguínea , Piridonas/efeitos adversos , Hemorragia/induzido quimicamente , Hemorragia/tratamento farmacológico , Trombose/tratamento farmacológico , Tromboembolia/tratamento farmacológico , Resultado do Tratamento , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/tratamento farmacológico , Rivaroxabana
6.
J Cardiothorac Surg ; 19(1): 140, 2024 Mar 19.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38504314

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Cox-Maze procedure is currently the gold standard treatment for atrial fibrillation (AF). However, data on the effectiveness of the Cox-Maze procedure after concomitant mitral valve surgery (MVS) are not well established. The aim of this study was to assess the safety and efficacy of Cox-Maze procedure versus no-maze procedure n in AF patients undergoing mitral valve surgery through a systematic review of the literature and meta-analysis. METHODS: A systematic search on PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Central Register of Clinical Trials (Cochrane Library, Issue 02, 2017) databases were performed using three databases from their inception to March 2023, identifying all relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing Cox-Maze procedure versus no procedure in AF patients undergoing mitral valve surgery. Data were extracted and analyzed according to predefined clinical endpoints. RESULTS: Nine RCTs meeting the inclusion criteria were included in this systematic review with 663 patients in total (341 concomitant Cox-Maze with MVS and 322 MVS alone). Across all studies with included AF patients undergoing MV surgery, the concomitant Cox-Maze procedure was associated with significantly higher sinus rhythm rate at discharge, 6 months, and 12 months follow-up when compared with the no-Maze group. Results indicated that there was no significant difference between the Cox-Maze and no-Maze groups in terms of 1 year all-cause mortality, pacemaker implantation, stroke, and thromboembolism. CONCLUSIONS: Our systematic review suggested that RCTs have demonstrated the addition of the Cox-Maze procedure for AF leads to a significantly higher rate of sinus rhythm in mitral valve surgical patients, with no increase in the rates of mortality, pacemaker implantation, stroke, and thromboembolism.


Assuntos
Fibrilação Atrial , Ablação por Cateter , Acidente Vascular Cerebral , Tromboembolia , Humanos , Fibrilação Atrial/complicações , Valva Mitral/cirurgia , Procedimento do Labirinto , Resultado do Tratamento , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como Assunto , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/complicações , Tromboembolia/complicações , Ablação por Cateter/métodos
7.
BMJ Case Rep ; 17(3)2024 Mar 06.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38453224

RESUMO

Systemic thromboembolism associated with atrial fibrillation (AF) is usually caused by thrombi in the left atrial appendage and acute onset. We experienced an unusual case of a woman in her 60s who presented to the outpatient district having bilateral intermittent claudication for more than 1 month, which turned out to be multiple thromboembolism from asymptomatic AF with tachycardia. She was also complicated with non-ischaemic dilated cardiomyopathy with reduced ejection fraction, consistent with arrhythmia-induced cardiomyopathy (AiCM), along with left atrial and left ventricular thrombi and thromboembolism in multiple organs. Rate control with beta-blockers was not effective. With the administration of amiodarone after adequate anticoagulation therapy, she returned to sinus rhythm, and the ejection fraction was restored. This case is instructive in that AiCM with AF can cause thrombosis in the left ventricle, and the patient may present with worsening intermittent claudication as a result of systemic embolism.


Assuntos
Fibrilação Atrial , Cardiomiopatias , Cardiopatias , Tromboembolia , Trombose , Feminino , Humanos , Fibrilação Atrial/complicações , Fibrilação Atrial/tratamento farmacológico , Cardiomiopatias/complicações , Cardiopatias/etiologia , Claudicação Intermitente/etiologia , Tromboembolia/complicações , Trombose/complicações , Trombose/diagnóstico por imagem , Trombose/tratamento farmacológico , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso
8.
BMC Nephrol ; 25(1): 68, 2024 Feb 26.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38408912

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the clinical effect of urokinase on the prevention of thrombosis in children with primary nephrotic syndrome. METHODS: A total of 370 children diagnosed with primary nephrotic syndrome (PNS) in the Children's Hospital of Soochow University and Zibo Maternal and Child Health Hospital from January 2018 to December 2022 were selected as the research objects. The patients were divided into a urokinase adjuvant therapy group and non-urokinase adjuvant therapy group according to the application of drugs. The clinical data of the children were collected, including sex, age, drug application, bleeding during treatment, and telephone follow-up, to record whether thromboembolism occurred in the acute stage and remission stage. The clinical pattern of PNS, renal biopsy, histopathological type, and related laboratory indexes before and after treatment were recorded. RESULTS: A total of 313 patients were treated with urokinase and 57 patients were not. More thrombotic events was observed in non-urokinase group compared to the urokinase group(2 versus 0 episodes, p = 0.02). The thrombotic events observed included one patient had pulmonary embolism combined with right ventricular thrombosis, and another had intracranial venous thrombosis. More minor bleeding events occurred in urokinase group compared to the non-urokinase group(7 versus 1 episodes, p = 1.0). No major bleeding events occurred in either group. CONCLUSION: The rational prophylactic use of urokinase anticoagulation in children with PNS can prevent the formation of thromboembolism and has good safety.


Assuntos
Síndrome Nefrótica , Tromboembolia , Trombose , Criança , Humanos , Ativador de Plasminogênio Tipo Uroquinase/uso terapêutico , Síndrome Nefrótica/complicações , Síndrome Nefrótica/tratamento farmacológico , Síndrome Nefrótica/induzido quimicamente , Estudos Retrospectivos , Hemorragia/induzido quimicamente , Trombose/etiologia , Trombose/prevenção & controle , Anticoagulantes/uso terapêutico
9.
Br J Hosp Med (Lond) ; 85(1): 1-10, 2024 Jan 02.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38300681

RESUMO

Thromboembolic events resulting from disturbances in the body's balance of thrombotic and antithrombotic abilities are among the most life-threatening complications of nephrotic syndrome. Certain causes of nephrotic syndrome leave the patient particularly susceptible to thromboembolism. The severity of proteinuria and degree of hypoalbuminaemia are other common predictors of risk. Timely initiation of prophylactic therapy can help prevent morbidity and mortality associated with this complication in patients with nephrotic syndrome. The duration of treatment and choice of therapeutic agent depends on several factors, including the degree of hypoalbuminaemia, risk factors for thrombosis and risk of bleeding. This article reviews current understanding of the pathophysiology and risk factors for thromboembolism associated with nephrotic syndrome, and summarises recommendations and strategies for preventing and treating thromboembolic events in patients with nephrotic syndrome.


Assuntos
Hipoalbuminemia , Síndrome Nefrótica , Tromboembolia , Humanos , Síndrome Nefrótica/complicações , Fatores de Risco , Tromboembolia/etiologia , Tromboembolia/prevenção & controle , Cognição
10.
Curr Opin Anaesthesiol ; 37(2): 93-100, 2024 Apr 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38390987

RESUMO

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) are increasingly prescribed for prevention of thromboembolic events. Thus, trauma care providers are facing a steadily raising number of injured patients on DOACs. RECENT FINDINGS: Despite a predictable pharmacokinetic profile, the resulting plasma levels of trauma patients upon admission and bleeding risks remain uncertain. Therefore, recent guidelines recommend the measurement of DOAC plasma concentrations in injured patients. Alternatively, DOAC specific visco-elastic tests assays can be applied to identify DOAC patients at bleeding risk.Bleeding complications in trauma patients on DOACs are generally higher compared to nonanticoagulated subjects, but comparable to vitamin K antagonists (VKAs). In particular, a traumatic brain injury does not carry an increased risk of intracranial bleeding due to a DOAK intake compared to VKAs. Current studies demonstrated that up to 14% of patients with a hip fracture are on DOACs prior to surgery. However, the majority can be operated safely within a 24h time window without an increased bleeding rate.Specific antagonists facilitate rapid reversal of patients on DOACs. Idarucizumab for dabigatran, and andexanet alfa for apixaban and rivaroxaban have been approved for life threatening bleeding. Alternatively, prothrombin complex concentrate can be used. Dialysis is a potential treatment option for dabigatran and haemoabsorption with special filters can be applied in patients on FXa-inhibitors. SUMMARY: Current guidelines recommend the measurement of DOAC plasma levels in trauma patients. Compared to VKAs, DOACs do not carry a higher bleeding risk. DOAC specific antagonists facilitate the individual bleeding management.


Assuntos
Anticoagulantes , Ferimentos e Lesões , Humanos , Administração Oral , Anticoagulantes/efeitos adversos , Dabigatrana/efeitos adversos , Hemorragia/induzido quimicamente , Rivaroxabana/efeitos adversos , Tromboembolia/prevenção & controle , Ferimentos e Lesões/tratamento farmacológico
11.
Eur Respir J ; 63(3)2024 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38302154

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Diagnostic rates and risk factors for the subsequent development of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) following pulmonary embolism (PE) are not well defined. METHODS: Over a 10-year period (2010-2020), consecutive patients attending a PE follow-up clinic in Sheffield, UK (population 554 600) and all patients diagnosed with CTEPH at a pulmonary hypertension (PH) referral centre in Sheffield (referral population estimated 15-20 million) were included. RESULTS: Of 1956 patients attending the Sheffield PE clinic 3 months following a diagnosis of acute PE, 41 were diagnosed with CTEPH with a cumulative incidence of 2.10%, with 1.89% diagnosed within 2 years. Of 809 patients presenting with pulmonary hypertension (PH) and diagnosed with CTEPH, 32 were Sheffield residents and 777 were non-Sheffield residents. Patients diagnosed with CTEPH at the PE follow-up clinic had shorter symptom duration (p<0.01), better exercise capacity (p<0.05) and less severe pulmonary haemodynamics (p<0.01) compared with patients referred with suspected PH. Patients with no major transient risk factors present at the time of acute PE had a significantly higher risk of CTEPH compared with patients with major transient risk factors (OR 3.6, 95% CI 1.11-11.91; p=0.03). The presence of three computed tomography (CT) features of PH in combination with two or more out of four features of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary disease at the index PE was found in 19% of patients who developed CTEPH and in 0% of patients who did not. Diagnostic rates and pulmonary endarterectomy (PEA) rates were higher at 13.2 and 3.6 per million per year, respectively, for Sheffield residents compared with 3.9-5.2 and 1.7-2.3 per million per year, respectively, for non-Sheffield residents. CONCLUSIONS: In the real-world setting a dedicated PE follow-up pathway identifies patients with less severe CTEPH and increases population-based CTEPH diagnostic and PEA rates. At the time of acute PE diagnosis the absence of major transient risk factors, CT features of PH and chronic thromboembolism are risk factors for a subsequent diagnosis of CTEPH.


Assuntos
Hipertensão Pulmonar , Embolia Pulmonar , Tromboembolia , Humanos , Hipertensão Pulmonar/complicações , Hipertensão Pulmonar/diagnóstico , Hipertensão Pulmonar/epidemiologia , Seguimentos , Embolia Pulmonar/complicações , Embolia Pulmonar/diagnóstico , Embolia Pulmonar/epidemiologia , Fatores de Risco , Tromboembolia/complicações , Tromboembolia/diagnóstico , Sistema de Registros , Doença Crônica
12.
BMC Cardiovasc Disord ; 24(1): 108, 2024 Feb 14.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38355458

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Clinical characteristics and long-term data on the safety and efficacy of LAAC in preventing cerebrovascular accident and thromboembolism among Chinese patients with non-valvular AF (NVAF) remain limited. METHODS: Data of consecutive NVAF patients who underwent LAAC at Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, from June 1, 2014, to December 31, 2021, were collected and analyzed retrospectively. The primary effectiveness endpoint was the composite endpoint of stroke/transient ischemic attack, systemic embolism, and death from cardiovascular causes. The primary safety endpoint is the severe bleeding defined by the LAAC Munich consensus. RESULTS: Of the 222 patients enrolled, the mean age was 66.90 ± 9.62 years, with a majority being male (77.03%). Many patients are non-paroxysmal AF (71.19%) with a median duration of AF of 4.00 years. The mean CHA2DS2-VASc score was 3.78 ± 1.49, and the mean HAS-BLED score was 1.68 ± 0.86. Thromboembolic events (76.58%) were the most common indication for LAAC. The device, technical, and procedural success rates were 98.65%, 98.65%, and 93.69%, respectively. The anticoagulation continuation rate was 56.36%, 31.25%, and 22.60% at 3-, 6- and 12 months post-procedure, respectively. Throughout a mean 2.81 years of follow-up, the incidence of the primary efficacy endpoint was 4.27 per 100 patient-years, predominantly attributable to stroke/TIA (3.12 per 100 PYs). Five patients experienced major bleeding during the follow-up period. Post-procedure imaging revealed minimal complications, with only one substantial peri-device leak. Device-related thrombus occurred in 2.33% of patients, resolving with anticoagulation. CONCLUSION: The study demonstrates that LAAC is a safe and effective alternative option for Chinese patients with AF, with a high success rate, few complications as well as fewer long-term adverse outcome events.


Assuntos
Apêndice Atrial , Fibrilação Atrial , Acidente Vascular Cerebral , Tromboembolia , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Feminino , Fibrilação Atrial/complicações , Fibrilação Atrial/diagnóstico , Fibrilação Atrial/tratamento farmacológico , Resultado do Tratamento , Estudos Retrospectivos , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/diagnóstico , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/epidemiologia , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/etiologia , Hemorragia/induzido quimicamente , Tromboembolia/epidemiologia , Tromboembolia/etiologia , Tromboembolia/prevenção & controle , Anticoagulantes/efeitos adversos , Apêndice Atrial/diagnóstico por imagem , Apêndice Atrial/cirurgia
13.
Bratisl Lek Listy ; 125(3): 176-182, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38385544

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of the clinical study was to evaluate the risk of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) after splenectomy and to analyze some biochemical and coagulation parameters. BACKGROUND: CTEPH caused by incomplete resolution of thromboemboli and irreversible remodeling of the pulmonary arteries is a progressive, and without treatment a fatal disease. Although the definite etiopathophysiology is not quite perfectly researched, numerous clinical conditions associated with CTEPH as history of pulmonary embolism, infected ventriculoatrial shunts or permanent intravascular devices, high-dose thyroid hormone replacement, malignancy and chronic inflammatory diseases, including osteomyelitis, inflammatory bowel diseases, are well accepted. These factors also include splenectomy. METHODS: We performed a prospective follow-up of patients after splenectomy in the period of 5 years (2017-2022). The study population consisted of 62 adult post-splenectomy patients, who were divided into 3 groups based on the cause of the splenectomy - trauma, haematologic diseases, and others. The study population was analyzed in terms of gender, age, cause of splenectomy, blood group, clinical risk factors and thrombophilic conditions. Some basic haemocoagulation parameters and selected coagulation and biochemical parameters were analyzed. All patients underwent screening echocardiography, symptomatic patients repeatedly. In the presence of pulmonary hypertension (PH) unexplained by other diseases, patients underwent ventilation/perfusion lung scan performed to confirm/exclude perfusion defects typical for CTEPH. If PH and perfusion defects persisted despite effective 3-month anticoagulation therapy, patients underwent right heart catheterization to confirm/exclude CTEPH. RESULTS: The study confirmed a higher incidence of CTEPH after splenectomy compared to published data, the 5-year cumulative incidence was 3.2 %. Other detected clinical risk factors did not affect the incidence of thromboembolism/CTEPH after splenectomy. In our study, the strongest factor in terms of the incidence of thromboembolism/CTEPH after splenectomy was the presence of a thrombophilia detected before the screening echocardiography. Tested haemocoagulation and biochemical parameters in small patient subgroup had no impact on the incidence of thromboembolism/CTEPH - however, the limiting factor was a small patient subgroup. CONCLUSION: The results of the study suggest that the incidence of thromboembolism after splenectomy was consistent with the present data, but the incidence of CTEPH after splenectomy was significantly higher. This suggests that post-splenectomy condition may be an independent risk factor for CTEPH and may imply different management of these patients in the future (Tab. 5, Ref. 18).


Assuntos
Hipertensão Pulmonar , Embolia Pulmonar , Tromboembolia , Adulto , Humanos , Hipertensão Pulmonar/etiologia , Hipertensão Pulmonar/terapia , Estudos Prospectivos , Esplenectomia/efeitos adversos , Embolia Pulmonar/complicações , Embolia Pulmonar/diagnóstico , Tromboembolia/etiologia , Tromboembolia/diagnóstico , Tromboembolia/epidemiologia , Fatores de Risco , Doença Crônica , Artéria Pulmonar
14.
Respiration ; 103(2): 79-87, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38325355

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary disease (CTEPD) consists of persistent pulmonary vascular obstruction on imaging and involves long-term functional limitations, with or without chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH). The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence and risk factors of both persistent pulmonary vascular defects and CTEPH after hospitalization in patients with COVID-19 and PE during a 2-year follow-up. METHODS: A prospective observational study was carried out in a tertiary hospital center. Patients were hospitalized between March 2020 and December 2021 with a diagnosis of PE during SARS-CoV-2 infection. Patients received anticoagulant treatment for at least 3 months and were followed up for 2 years. Between the third and fourth months after discharge, all patients were evaluated for the presence of residual thrombotic defects by CTPA and/or perfusion pulmonary scintigraphy. Clinical findings, lung function tests with DLCO, exercise capacity, and echocardiograms were also assessed. RESULTS: Of the 133 patients included, 18% had persistent thrombotic defects on lung imaging at follow-up. The incidence of CTEPD was 0.75% at 2 years of follow-up. Patients with persistent defects were significantly older, had a higher prevalence of systemic arterial hypertension, higher D-dimer and NT-proBNP levels, and more severe PE at diagnosis. Furthermore, there was a higher prevalence of right ventricular dysfunction on echocardiogram at diagnosis of PE (25.0% vs. 2.7%, p = 0.006). This was the only variable independently related to persistent defects in multivariate analyses (OR: 8.13 [95% CI: 1.82-36.32], p = 0.006). CONCLUSION: The persistence of thrombotic defects after PE is a common finding after SARS-CoV-2 infection, affecting 18% of the population. However, the incidence of CTEPH appears to be lower (0.75%) in COVID-19-related PE compared to that previously observed in PE unrelated to COVID-19.


Assuntos
COVID-19 , Hipertensão Pulmonar , Embolia Pulmonar , Tromboembolia , Humanos , Doença Crônica , COVID-19/complicações , Hipertensão Pulmonar/epidemiologia , Hipertensão Pulmonar/etiologia , Hipertensão Pulmonar/diagnóstico , Pulmão , Embolia Pulmonar/diagnóstico por imagem , Embolia Pulmonar/epidemiologia , Embolia Pulmonar/etiologia , SARS-CoV-2 , Tromboembolia/complicações , Estudos Prospectivos
15.
Ann Med ; 56(1): 2317362, 2024 12.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38350436

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: The benefit of oral anticoagulation in atrial fibrillation (AF) is well established for patients at elevated stroke risk, but less clear for those at intermediate risk. We investigated whether analysis of electrocardiogram (ECG) derived fibrillatory waves (F-waves) could help identify patients at risk for stroke and systemic embolism (SSE). METHODS: The Finnish Cardioversion (FinCV) study included patients not on permanent anticoagulation therapy who underwent cardioversion for an acute AF episode. We identified 739 individuals with a valid ECG and complete follow-up data. The maximum amplitudes of the F-waves in leads II and V1 were manually measured from the pre-procedure ECG. Patients were categorized into fine and coarse F-wave groups. The optimal lead and amplitude threshold for grouping were found in an events per person-years analysis. SSE were identified from the patient medical records until either anticoagulation was prescribed, AF was deemed chronic, the patient had deceased, or the end of follow-up. RESULTS: Overall 37 (5.0%) patients suffered SSE during the median follow-up time of 5.4 years (1.9-10.8). Measured from lead V1 the SSE rates per 100 person-years were 1.5 and 0.7 in fine and coarse F-wave groups, respectively. Fine F-waves were observed in 112 (15.2%). Baseline characteristics were similar between the groups. Fine F-wave predicted SSE in a competing risk analysis (SHR 2.34, 95%CI 1.12-4.87, p = .023). Analyses from lead II did not provide significant results. CONCLUSION: Electrocardiographic F-wave amplitude may provide additional information on stroke risk in patients with paroxysmal AF and borderline indications or contraindications for anticoagulation.


Assuntos
Fibrilação Atrial , Acidente Vascular Cerebral , Tromboembolia , Humanos , Fibrilação Atrial/complicações , Fibrilação Atrial/tratamento farmacológico , Eletrocardiografia/métodos , Tromboembolia/epidemiologia , Tromboembolia/etiologia , Tromboembolia/prevenção & controle , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/epidemiologia , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/etiologia , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/prevenção & controle , Anticoagulantes/uso terapêutico
16.
Rev Med Liege ; 79(2): 110-115, 2024 02.
Artigo em Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38356428

RESUMO

Polycythemia is suspected when hemoglobin and/or hematocrit levels exceed established norms based on gender and age. This biological anomaly can arise from a myeloproliferative neoplasm known as polycythemia vera, or be secondary to excess erythropoietin (EPO) or decreased in plasma volume. Faced with polycythemia, the search for JAK2 mutations and measurement of serum EPO levels can guide toward the etiology. In polycythemia vera, thromboembolic events are the most lethal complications and unfortunately often the initial manifestation of the disease. The condition can also progress to myelofibrosis or acute leukemia. Management aims at reducing the hematocrit below 45 %, in order to limit, but not completely prevent, thrombo-embolic complications. This article elaborates on the clinical considerations around this biological anomaly, relevant complementary examinations, and briefly the therapeutic management.


La polyglobulie est suspectée lorsque le taux d'hémoglobine et/ou d'hématocrite est au-dessus des normes définies selon le sexe et l'âge. Cette anomalie biologique peut survenir à la suite d'une néoplasie myéloproliférative appelée polycythemia vera (PV), être secondaire à un excès d'érythropoïétine (EPO) ou à une diminution du volume plasmatique. Face à une polyglobulie, la recherche de mutations du gène JAK2 et un dosage d'EPO sérique permettront d'orienter vers l'étiologie. En cas de PV, les phénomènes thrombo-emboliques sont les complications les plus léthales et sont malheureusement souvent la première manifestation de la maladie. La maladie peut également évoluer en myélofibrose ou en leucémie aiguë. La prise en charge vise à réduire le taux d'hématocrite en-dessous de 45 %, afin de limiter, sans les empêcher complètement, les complications thrombo-emboliques. Dans cet article, nous développons la réflexion clinique autour de cette anomalie biologique, les examens complémentaires pertinents dans ce domaine et, brièvement, la prise en charge thérapeutique.


Assuntos
Policitemia Vera , Policitemia , Tromboembolia , Humanos , Policitemia/diagnóstico , Policitemia/etiologia , Policitemia/terapia , Policitemia Vera/complicações , Policitemia Vera/diagnóstico , Policitemia Vera/genética , Janus Quinase 2/genética , Tromboembolia/complicações
17.
Am J Hematol ; 99(4): 596-605, 2024 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38348537

RESUMO

Premortem clinical presentation of cancer-associated non-bacterial thrombotic endocarditis (Ca-NBTE), therapy, and the clinal course is limited to case reports and small clinical series. An electronic search of Mayo Clinic records (03/31/2002-06/30/2022) with a subsequent manual review was performed to identify adult patients with echocardiographically detected NBTE and active malignancy, excluding those with infectious endocarditis or lupus anticoagulant/antiphospholipid antibodies. In this retrospective cohort study, we analyzed 115 Ca-NBTE patients (mean age 63.2 ± 9.7 years, 66.1% female) involving 71 (61.7%) mitral, 58 (50.4%) aortic, 8 (6.9%) tricuspid, and 1 (0.9%) pulmonary valve. The most common cancer was lung (n = 45 cases (39.1%), followed by pancreatic (n = 19, 16.5%), gynecological (17, 14.8%), gastrointestinal (n = 10, 8.7%), and 10 (8.7%) with hematologic malignancy; 6 patients had two active cancers. Embolic complications at presentation were frequent: 94 (81.7%) brain, 11 splenic, 10 renal, 6 coronary, and 4 to the extremities. Of 104 anticoagulated patients, 60 received low molecular weight heparin, 17 unfractionated heparin, 16 apixaban, 8 warfarin, and 3 rivaroxaban. There were 18 arterial thromboembolisms; the Kaplan-Meier estimates of the incidence at 2 years were consistent with a rate of 15.9% [95% Confidence Interval (CI) 9.9-23.3], including 14 strokes (12.4%, 95%CI, 7.1-19.2), and 8 other arterial emboli (10.5%, 95%CI, 4.7-18.9); there were 10 venous thromboembolisms (8.9%, 95%CI, 4.5-15.0). Fourteen major bleedings occurred (12.8%, 95%CI, 7.3-19.9) and 94 patients died during follow-up (77.9%, 95%CI, 71.1-85.8). Ca-NBTE predominantly affected women with lung adenocarcinoma or digestive tract cancers and manifested by stroke with high mortality and frequent embolic and bleeding complications during anticoagulation therapy.


Assuntos
Embolia , Endocardite não Infecciosa , Neoplasias , Acidente Vascular Cerebral , Tromboembolia , Adulto , Humanos , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Masculino , Endocardite não Infecciosa/etiologia , Heparina , Estudos Retrospectivos , Neoplasias/complicações , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/etiologia
18.
Adv Ther ; 41(4): 1553-1575, 2024 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38363466

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Risk factors for thromboembolic events in patients with dialysis-dependent chronic kidney disease (CKD) receiving roxadustat are unknown. Iron deficiency has been reported as a risk factor for thrombosis in the general population. METHODS: Thromboembolic events with onset before and after week 12 in patients receiving roxadustat were evaluated in this pooled analysis of four global phase 3 trials, PYRENEES, SIERRAS, HIMALAYAS, and ROCKIES. Baseline risk factors for thromboembolic events were investigated by Cox regression analyses. Nested case-control analyses with matched pairs of case-control data explored the relationship between thromboembolic events and last known laboratory parameters before event onset. RESULTS: Of 2354 patients, 1026 thromboembolic events were observed in 568 patients. Baseline risk factors found included hemodialysis (vs peritoneal dialysis), advanced age (≥ 65 years), Black race, high high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, and history of thromboembolism, cardiovascular disease, or diabetes. Univariate case-control analyses revealed that high hemoglobin rate of rise (≥ 0.5 g/dL/week; odds ratio [OR] 2.09; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.98-4.46) showed a trend towards increased risk of thromboembolic events before week 12, and high rate of hemoglobin decline was associated with events after week 12 (< - 0.5 g/dL/week; OR 3.73; 95% CI 1.68-8.27) as compared to stable hemoglobin levels (≥ - 0.1 to < 0.1 g/dL/week). Multivariate case-control analyses showed that low last known hemoglobin level (< 10 g/dL: adjusted OR 1.91; 95% CI 1.04-3.50; vs ≥ 12 g/dL) and low last known transferrin saturation (TSAT < 10%: adjusted OR 3.78; 95% CI 1.71-8.39; vs ≥ 30%) before event onset were associated with events after week 12. In patients with last known TSAT < 30%, higher roxadustat dose was associated with thromboembolic events; however, no association was observed in those with TSAT ≥ 30%. CONCLUSIONS: Among various risk factors for thromboembolic events, it is reasonable to avoid a rapid increase and decline in hemoglobin levels as well as ensure TSAT ≥ 30%, rather than increasing the roxadustat dose. Graphical Abstract available for this article. TRIAL REGISTRATION: NCT02278341, NCT02273726, NCT02052310, NCT02174731.


Roxadustat is an oral treatment for patients with anemia, or low hemoglobin levels, due to chronic kidney disease. Thromboembolic events are caused by a blood clot blocking blood vessels, and they have occurred in clinical trials of roxadustat. This analysis evaluated risk factors for thromboembolic events in patients receiving roxadustat to treat anemia of chronic kidney disease who are on dialysis. Two different statistical approaches were used to investigate risk factors for thromboembolic events that occurred before and after 12 weeks of roxadustat treatment. We found that rapid improvement of anemia after starting roxadustat treatment may be associated with an increased risk of thromboembolic events occurring in the first 12 weeks of treatment. In contrast, severe anemia or worsening of anemia was associated with an increased risk of thromboembolic events after week 12. Low iron levels in the blood or greater decline of available iron in the blood from baseline were also detected as risk factors for the events after week 12, suggesting that iron supplementation is important in patients who are iron-deficient. Moreover, thromboembolic events were also associated with older age (≥ 65 years), Black race, high levels of inflammation, and having had a previous thromboembolic event or having a history of cardiovascular disease or diabetes. Some risk factors, such as iron status and hemoglobin levels, can be changed after beginning roxadustat treatment and should be monitored and modified, as needed.


Assuntos
Anemia , Insuficiência Renal Crônica , Tromboembolia , Humanos , Idoso , Anemia/etiologia , Diálise Renal/efeitos adversos , Insuficiência Renal Crônica/complicações , Insuficiência Renal Crônica/terapia , Hemoglobinas/análise , Glicina/efeitos adversos , Isoquinolinas/efeitos adversos , Fatores de Risco , Tromboembolia/etiologia , Tromboembolia/induzido quimicamente
20.
J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth ; 38(3): 771-779, 2024 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38320918

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: The aim of the current study was to assess the relationship among thrombin receptor activator peptide 6 (TRAP test), adenosine-5'-diphosphate (ADP test), arachidonic acid (ASPI test), and stroke/transient ischemic attack (TIA), using the multiple electrode aggregometry (Multiplate) in patients undergoing carotid thromboendarterectomy (CEA). DESIGN: A retrospective study. SETTING: Vascular surgery operating rooms of a university hospital. PARTICIPANTS: One hundred thirty-one out of 474 patients undergoing CEA between November 2020 and October 2022. INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: A preoperative blood sample of all enrolled patients was analyzed using the Multiplate analyzer. Receiver operating characteristics curves, were generated to test the ability of TRAP, ADP, and ASPI in discriminating perioperative thromboembolic stroke/TIA. A logistic LASSO regression model was used to identify factors independently associated with stroke/TIA. Eight patients experienced a perioperative stroke/TIA. Although all the platelet functional assays showed excellent predictive performance, an ADP value exceeding 72 U showed the highest specificity (87%) and sensitivity (68%) in discriminating patients who had a perioperative thromboembolic stroke/TIA, with a negative predictive value of 99% and a positive predictive value of 15%. After LASSO regression, an ADP >72 U and the need for a shunt during CEA were the only 2 variables independently associated with perioperative stroke/TIA. CONCLUSION: Because the ADP test was independently associated with perioperative stroke/TIA, the assessment of platelet reactivity using Multiplate may offer potential utility in monitoring patients undergoing CEA.


Assuntos
Endarterectomia das Carótidas , Ataque Isquêmico Transitório , Acidente Vascular Cerebral , Tromboembolia , Humanos , Agregação Plaquetária , Endarterectomia das Carótidas/efeitos adversos , Projetos Piloto , Ataque Isquêmico Transitório/etiologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Impedância Elétrica , Inibidores da Agregação Plaquetária , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/diagnóstico , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/etiologia , Tromboembolia/etiologia , Difosfato de Adenosina/farmacologia
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