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2.
Life Sci Alliance ; 7(5)2024 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38467419

RESUMO

Starvation causes the accumulation of lipid droplets in the liver, a somewhat counterintuitive phenomenon that is nevertheless conserved from flies to humans. Much like fatty liver resulting from overfeeding, hepatic lipid accumulation (steatosis) during undernourishment can lead to lipotoxicity and atrophy of the liver. Here, we found that although surface populations of Astyanax mexicanus undergo this evolutionarily conserved response to starvation, the starvation-resistant cavefish larvae of the same species do not display an accumulation of lipid droplets upon starvation. Moreover, cavefish are resistant to liver atrophy during starvation, providing a unique system to explore strategies for liver protection. Using comparative transcriptomics between zebrafish, surface fish, and cavefish, we identified the fatty acid transporter slc27a2a/fatp2 to be correlated with the development of fatty liver. Pharmacological inhibition of slc27a2a in zebrafish rescues steatosis and atrophy of the liver upon starvation. Furthermore, down-regulation of FATP2 in Drosophila larvae inhibits the development of starvation-induced steatosis, suggesting the evolutionarily conserved importance of the gene in regulating fatty liver upon nutrition deprivation. Overall, our study identifies a conserved, druggable target to protect the liver from atrophy during starvation.


Assuntos
Fígado Gorduroso , Inanição , Animais , Humanos , Peixe-Zebra , Fígado Gorduroso/genética , Inanição/complicações , Larva , Atrofia
3.
Life Sci Alliance ; 7(5)2024 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38408795

RESUMO

Starvation and refeeding are mostly unanticipated in the wild in terms of duration, frequency, and nutritional value of the refed state. Notwithstanding this, organisms mount efficient and reproducible responses to restore metabolic homeostasis. Hence, it is intuitive to invoke expectant molecular mechanisms that build anticipatory responses to enable physiological toggling during fed-fast cycles. In this regard, we report anticipatory biogenesis of oscillatory hepatic microRNAs that peak during a fed state and inhibit starvation-responsive genes. Our results clearly demonstrate that the levels of primary and precursor microRNA transcripts increase during a fasting state, in anticipation of a fed response. We delineate the importance of both metabolic and circadian cues in orchestrating hepatic fed microRNA homeostasis in a physiological setting. Besides illustrating metabo-endocrine control, our findings provide a mechanistic basis for the overarching influence of starvation on anticipatory biogenesis. Importantly, by using pharmacological agents that are widely used in clinics, we point out the high potential of interventions to restore homeostasis of hepatic microRNAs, whose deregulated expression is otherwise well established to cause metabolic diseases.


Assuntos
MicroRNAs , Inanição , Humanos , MicroRNAs/genética , MicroRNAs/metabolismo , Fígado/metabolismo , Inanição/metabolismo , Homeostase/genética
4.
Elife ; 132024 Feb 28.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38416131

RESUMO

Experiments involving periodic stimuli shed light on the interplay between hyper-osmotic stress and glucose starvation in yeast cells.


Assuntos
Glucose , Inanição , Humanos , Pressão Osmótica , Saccharomyces cerevisiae
5.
Am J Clin Nutr ; 119(2): 433-443, 2024 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38309830

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Poor nutrition early in life is associated with short stature, which is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality in later life. Less evidence is available about the impact of early-life nutrition on height growth in the subsequent generation. OBJECTIVES: This study investigated the associations of famine exposure in utero and early childhood with height across 2 generations. METHODS: We used longitudinal data from the China Health and Nutrition Survey. We included 5401 participants (F1) born in 1955-1966 (calendar year around the Chinese famine in 1959-1961) and their 3930 biological offspring (F2). We classified F1 participants into subgroups by famine exposure status (unexposed/exposed) and timing (fetal-/childhood-exposed) according to their birth year and grouped F2 by their parents' exposure. Linear regression models were applied to examine the associations of famine exposure with adult height of F1 and F2. Linear mixed effect models with fractional polynomial functions were performed to estimate the difference in height between exposure groups of F2 during childhood. RESULTS: Participants (F1) exposed to famine in utero or in childhood were shorter than those unexposed by 0.41 cm (95% CI: 0.03, 0.80) and 1.12 cm (95% CI: 0.75, 1.48), respectively. Offspring (F2) of exposed fathers were also shorter than those of unexposed parents by 1.07 cm (95% CI: 0.28, 1.86) during childhood (<18 y) and by 1.25 cm (95% CI: 0.07, 2.43) in adulthood (≥18 y), and those with exposed parents had a reduced height during childhood by 1.29 cm (95% CI: 0.68, 1.89) (all P values < 0.05). The associations were more pronounced among child offspring of highly-educated F1, particularly for paternal exposure and among female offspring (all P for interaction < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The findings support the intergenerational associations of famine exposure in early life with height in Chinese populations, indicating the public health significance of improving the nutritional status of mothers and children in the long run.


Assuntos
Efeitos Tardios da Exposição Pré-Natal , Inanição , Adulto , Masculino , Criança , Humanos , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Idoso , Estudos Longitudinais , Fome Epidêmica , Inanição/complicações , Inquéritos Nutricionais , China/epidemiologia
6.
Nat Commun ; 15(1): 947, 2024 Feb 13.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38351211

RESUMO

Declining Arctic sea ice is increasing polar bear land use. Polar bears on land are thought to minimize activity to conserve energy. Here, we measure the daily energy expenditure (DEE), diet, behavior, movement, and body composition changes of 20 different polar bears on land over 19-23 days from August to September (2019-2022) in Manitoba, Canada. Polar bears on land exhibited a 5.2-fold range in DEE and 19-fold range in activity, from hibernation-like DEEs to levels approaching active bears on the sea ice, including three individuals that made energetically demanding swims totaling 54-175 km. Bears consumed berries, vegetation, birds, bones, antlers, seal, and beluga. Beyond compensating for elevated DEE, there was little benefit from terrestrial foraging toward prolonging the predicted time to starvation, as 19 of 20 bears lost mass (0.4-1.7 kg•day-1). Although polar bears on land exhibit remarkable behavioral plasticity, our findings reinforce the risk of starvation, particularly in subadults, with forecasted increases in the onshore period.


Assuntos
Inanição , Ursidae , Humanos , Animais , Mudança Climática , Canadá , Dieta , Camada de Gelo , Regiões Árticas , Ecossistema
9.
Forensic Sci Int ; 355: 111941, 2024 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38290228

RESUMO

The recognition of abuse and/or neglect still represents a challenge for both clinicians and forensic pathologists. Whereas abusive behaviors have been largely described among pediatric and elderly populations, adults' abuse and neglect is less frequently encountered, and therefore investigated. We report a case of a middle-aged woman without any known organic or psychiatric disorders who died of a multiple organ failure (MOF) due to extreme cachexia and bed-resting syndrome. The integration of all clinical, autopsy and histopathological data highlighted a picture of severe malnutrition, restraint, and widespread traumatic injuries related to abuse and neglect. We believe that the case here presented could be useful for both clinicians and forensic pathologists as it underlines once again the importance of collecting and integrating all medical evidence (both in the ante- and post-mortem settings) for reconstructing the most probable pathophysiology of disorders and injuries, comparing that reconstruction with the allegations of the caregivers, and thus identifying any potential abuse and/or neglect behaviors.


Assuntos
Maus-Tratos Infantis , Inanição , Idoso , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Criança , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Autopsia , Patologia Legal , Agressão
11.
PLoS One ; 19(1): e0294191, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38252660

RESUMO

Meiotic recombination is a pivotal process that ensures faithful chromosome segregation and contributes to the generation of genetic diversity in offspring, which is initiated by the formation of double-strand breaks (DSBs). The distribution of meiotic DSBs is not uniform and is clustered at hotspots, which can be affected by environmental conditions. Here, we show that non-coding RNA (ncRNA) transcription creates meiotic DSBs through local chromatin remodeling in the fission yeast fbp1 gene. The fbp1 gene is activated upon glucose starvation stress, in which a cascade of ncRNA-transcription in the fbp1 upstream region converts the chromatin configuration into an open structure, leading to the subsequent binding of transcription factors. We examined the distribution of meiotic DSBs around the fbp1 upstream region in the presence and absence of glucose and observed several new DSBs after chromatin conversion under glucose starvation conditions. Moreover, these DSBs disappeared when cis-elements required for ncRNA transcription were mutated. These results indicate that ncRNA transcription creates meiotic DSBs in response to stress conditions in the fbp1 upstream region. This study addressed part of a long-standing unresolved mechanism underlying meiotic recombination plasticity in response to environmental fluctuation.


Assuntos
RNA Longo não Codificante , Schizosaccharomyces , Inanição , Humanos , Schizosaccharomyces/genética , DNA , Cromatina , Frutose-Bifosfatase/genética , Glucose , Quebras de DNA
12.
Int J Mol Sci ; 25(2)2024 Jan 05.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38255774

RESUMO

Variability in food availability leads to condition-dependent investments in reproduction. This study is aimed at understanding the metabolic response and regulatory mechanism of female Scylla paramamosain in response to starvation in a temporal- and tissue-specific manner. The mud crabs were starved for 7 (control), 14, 28, and 40 days for histological and biochemical analysis in the hepatopancreas, ovary, and serum, as well as for RNA sequencing on the hepatopancreas and ovary. We further highlighted candidate gene modules highly linked to physiological traits. Collectively, our observations suggested that starvation triggered endogenous ovarian maturation at the expense of hepatopancreas mass, with both metabolic adjustments to optimize energy and fatty acid supply from hepatopancreas to ovary in the early phase, followed by the activation of autophagy-related pathways in both organs over prolonged starvation. These specific adaptive responses might be considered efficient strategies to stimulate ovarian maturation of Scylla paramamosain under fasting stress, which improves the nutritional value of female mud crabs and other economically important crustaceans.


Assuntos
Braquiúros , Inanição , Feminino , Animais , Braquiúros/genética , Transcriptoma , Inanição/genética , Jejum , Autofagia
13.
BMJ ; 384: q255, 2024 01 30.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38290725
14.
J Diabetes ; 16(2): e13480, 2024 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37882478

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Evidence has shown that early-life famine exposure and obesity in adulthood are independently associated with the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, few studies had revealed the combined effect of these risk factors. METHODS: Two sets of groups from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) were selected. The fetal-exposure group born in 1959-1961 from 2011 wave (N = 958) and nonexposure group born in 1963-1965 from 2015 wave (N = 1540) were selected as Comparison 1. The early childhood-exposure group born in 1955-1957 from 2011 wave (N = 1510) and fetal-exposure group born in 1959-1961 from 2015 wave (N = 943) were Comparison 2. Logistic regressions were applied to examine the associations of different famine exposure periods and obesity patterns with T2DM risk. RESULTS: Compared with nonexposed participants without central overweight/obesity in adulthood, central overweight/obesity in adulthood together with nonexposure (odds ratio [OR]: 1.89, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.19-3.00) or fetal-exposure (OR: 1.99, 95% CI: 1.23-3.23) was associated with higher risks of T2DM. Compared with the early childhood-exposure group, the fetal-exposed participants showed higher risks of T2DM (OR: 1.30, 95% CI: 1.02-1.66). The coexistence of fetal famine exposure and central overweight/obesity in adulthood was associated with higher risks of T2DM (OR: 1.82, 95% CI: 1.19-2.79). Consistent associations were observed among males and participants from less severely affected areas. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, central overweight/obesity in adulthood is associated with the increased risk of T2DM, but the effect of early-life famine exposure is not very clear.


Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Efeitos Tardios da Exposição Pré-Natal , Inanição , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Humanos , Pré-Escolar , Idoso , Feminino , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/etiologia , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/complicações , Fome Epidêmica , Estudos Longitudinais , Sobrepeso/complicações , Inanição/complicações , Inanição/epidemiologia , Obesidade/epidemiologia , Obesidade/complicações , Fatores de Risco , Obesidade Abdominal/complicações , China/epidemiologia , Efeitos Tardios da Exposição Pré-Natal/epidemiologia , Efeitos Tardios da Exposição Pré-Natal/etiologia
15.
Health Econ ; 33(1): 121-136, 2024 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37823589

RESUMO

The Great Chinese Famine (1959-1961) claimed tens of millions of lives. This study aims to causally examine the long-term mental health cost it imposed on those who survived. To estimate the nationwide total mental health cost, we use a novel dataset to measure the famine intensity of every prefecture-level region, match it to a nationally representative survey, and then identify the long-term effects of the famine on the depression of rural residents then in the early years of their lives. Difference-in-differences estimates reveal that a one-standard-deviation rise in the experienced famine intensity increased a standard measure of depression by about 0.039 and 0.064 if the individual experienced the famine at ages 0-2 and 3-5, respectively. This translates into roughly 7.99 million cases of severe depressive symptoms caused by the famine, which is likely an undercount. Examining the mechanisms behind the large effects, we find that important roles were played by starvation experience and childhood maltreatment, as well as the primary mediators including other health outcomes, economic status, and social relationship. Our findings shed light on how large-scale food security failures impact the mental well-being of the survivors.


Assuntos
Fome Epidêmica , Inanição , Humanos , Saúde Mental , Inanição/epidemiologia , Inquéritos e Questionários , China/epidemiologia
16.
Curr Biol ; 33(24): R1289-R1291, 2023 12 18.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38113839

RESUMO

Lysosomes are highly dynamic organelles that rapidly respond to changes in cellular nutrient status. A new study identifies a phosphoinositide switch that dictates lysosome function during nutrient starvation.


Assuntos
Fosfatidilinositóis , Inanição , Humanos , Fosfatidilinositóis/metabolismo , Transdução de Sinais , Nutrientes , Inanição/metabolismo , Lisossomos/metabolismo
17.
BMC Med ; 21(1): 414, 2023 11 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37907866

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: The early life stage is critical for the gut microbiota establishment and development. We aimed to investigate the lifelong impact of famine exposure during early life on the adult gut microbial ecosystem and examine the association of famine-induced disturbance in gut microbiota with type 2 diabetes. METHODS: We profiled the gut microbial composition among 11,513 adults (18-97 years) from three independent cohorts and examined the association of famine exposure during early life with alterations of adult gut microbial diversity and composition. We performed co-abundance network analyses to identify keystone taxa in the three cohorts and constructed an index with the shared keystone taxa across the three cohorts. Among each cohort, we used linear regression to examine the association of famine exposure during early life with the keystone taxa index and assessed the correlation between the keystone taxa index and type 2 diabetes using logistic regression adjusted for potential confounders. We combined the effect estimates from the three cohorts using random-effects meta-analysis. RESULTS: Compared with the no-exposed control group (born during 1962-1964), participants who were exposed to the famine during the first 1000 days of life (born in 1959) had consistently lower gut microbial alpha diversity and alterations in the gut microbial community during adulthood across the three cohorts. Compared with the no-exposed control group, participants who were exposed to famine during the first 1000 days of life were associated with consistently lower levels of keystone taxa index in the three cohorts (pooled beta - 0.29, 95% CI - 0.43, - 0.15). Per 1-standard deviation increment in the keystone taxa index was associated with a 13% lower risk of type 2 diabetes (pooled odds ratio 0.87, 95% CI 0.80, 0.93), with consistent results across three individual cohorts. CONCLUSIONS: These findings reveal a potential role of the gut microbiota in the developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD) hypothesis, deepening our understanding about the etiology of type 2 diabetes.


Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Efeitos Tardios da Exposição Pré-Natal , Inanição , Adulto , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , China , Estudos de Coortes , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/complicações , População do Leste Asiático , Fome Epidêmica , Microbiota , Inanição/complicações , Adolescente , Adulto Jovem , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais
18.
Nutrients ; 15(21)2023 Oct 29.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37960253

RESUMO

Prenatal malnutrition may increase the risk of depressive symptoms in adulthood. This study investigated the association between prenatal exposure to malnutrition with risk of depressive symptoms in middle-aged and older adults using the Chinese Great Famine of 1959-1961 as a natural experiment. Data were obtained from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study baseline survey (2011). A total of 5391 individuals born from 1956 to 1965 were included in the study. Depressive symptoms were ascertained via the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale short form. Famine severity was measured using the cohort size shrinkage index. Difference-in-differences models were used to explore the association between prenatal famine exposure and later-life depressive symptoms. Compared with the post-famine cohort (1963-1965), famine cohorts (1959-1962) were 4.74 times (95% CI = 1.28-8.20) as likely to develop depressive symptoms. The stratified analysis found that prenatal exposure to famine was associated with depressive symptoms in rural residents but not those living in urban areas. In rural females, prenatal malnutrition was associated with a higher risk of depressive symptoms. However, there was no significant association between prenatal malnutrition and depressive symptoms in rural males. Our results indicated that prenatal malnutrition may contribute to a higher risk for depressive symptoms in later life among female rural residents.


Assuntos
Depressão , Fome Epidêmica , Desnutrição , Efeitos Tardios da Exposição Pré-Natal , Inanição , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Gravidez , China/epidemiologia , Depressão/epidemiologia , População do Leste Asiático , Estudos Longitudinais , Desnutrição/complicações , Desnutrição/epidemiologia , Inanição/complicações , Inanição/epidemiologia , Vitaminas
19.
Curr Biol ; 33(22): R1186-R1188, 2023 11 20.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37989094

RESUMO

It is known that bacteria reduce their ribosome numbers during nutrient starvation. New research shows that this regulation leads to the formation of two subpopulations with distinct ribosomal RNA levels. The distinct levels affect the growth recovery when nutrients become available, suggesting a possible bet-hedging strategy.


Assuntos
Evolução Biológica , Inanição , Humanos , Bactérias/genética , Ribossomos
20.
BMC Womens Health ; 23(1): 600, 2023 11 14.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37964223

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Epidemiological studies have revealed multiple risk factors for metabolic syndrome. However, there are no consistent findings on the association between famine exposure, age at menarche, and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome. This cross-sectional study aimed to reveal the individual and combined effects of famine exposure and age at menarche on the prevalence of metabolic syndrome among elderly women. METHODS: Four thousand seven hundred seventy participants between 60 and 93 years of age were selected from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. Statistical differences between the baseline characteristics of famine exposure, age at menarche, and metabolic syndrome were evaluated using the t-test, F-test, and Chi-square test. Three multivariable-adjusted logistic regression models were used to test the association between famine exposure, age of menarche, and the odds ratio of metabolic syndrome. RESULTS: Two thousand one hundred ninety-eight (46.08%) participants had metabolic syndrome, while 2572 (53.92%) participants did not. Furthermore, 3068 (64.32%) women reported onset of menarche under 15 years of age, while 1702 (35.68%) women reported onset of menarche above 16 years of age. Regarding the separate association of famine exposure and age of menarche with metabolic syndrome, in model three, the adolescence/adulthood famine exposure group vs. no famine exposure group odds ratio was 2.45 (95% CI 2.02, 2.97), and the older than 16 years vs. younger than 15 years group odds ratio was 1.23 (95% CI 1.09, 1.39), which was the highest odds ratio among the three models. Regarding the combined association of famine exposure and age of menarche with metabolic syndrome, in model three, among the age of menarche ≤ 15 years group, the adolescence/adulthood famine exposure vs. no famine exposure group odds ratio was 2.45 (95% CI: 1.91, 3.14); among the menarche age ≥ 16 years group, the adolescence/adulthood famine exposure stages vs. exposed group odds ratio was 3.27 (95% CI: 2.44, 4.38), which was the highest odds ratio among the three models. CONCLUSION: These findings suggested that famine exposure and age at menarche, either separately or in combination, were positively associated with the prevalence of metabolic syndrome among older women.


Assuntos
Menarca , Síndrome Metabólica , Inanição , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , China/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Fome Epidêmica , Estudos Longitudinais , Síndrome Metabólica/epidemiologia , Fatores de Risco , Inanição/epidemiologia
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