Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Mostrar: 20 | 50 | 100
Resultados 1 - 20 de 27.944
Filtrar
1.
J Gen Virol ; 105(3)2024 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38471043

RESUMO

Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) causes severe diarrhea and even death in piglets, resulting in significant economic losses to the pig industry. Because of the ongoing mutation of PEDV, there might be variations between the vaccine strain and the prevailing strain, causing the vaccine to not offer full protection against different PEDV variant strains. Therefore, it is necessary to develop anti-PEDV drugs to compensate for vaccines. This study confirmed the anti-PEDV effect of licorice extract (Le) in vitro and in vivo. Le inhibited PEDV replication in a dose-dependent manner in vitro. By exploring the effect of Le on the life cycle of PEDV, we found that Le inhibited the attachment, internalization, and replication stages of the virus. In vivo, all five piglets in the PEDV-infected group died within 72 h. In comparison, the Le-treated group had a survival rate of 80 % at the same time, with significant relief of clinical symptoms, pathological damage, and viral loads in the jejunum and ileum. Our results suggested that Le can exert anti-PEDV effects in vitro and in vivo. Le is effective and inexpensive; therefore it has the potential to be developed as a new anti-PEDV drug.


Assuntos
Infecções por Coronavirus , Glycyrrhiza , Extratos Vegetais , Vírus da Diarreia Epidêmica Suína , Doenças dos Suínos , Vacinas Virais , Animais , Suínos , Diarreia
2.
Xenotransplantation ; 31(2): e12842, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38501706

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: As sequencing is becoming more broadly available, virus discovery continues. Small DNA viruses contribute to up to 60% of the overall virus load in pigs. Porcine circoviruses (PCVs) are small DNA viruses with a single-stranded circular genome. They are common in pig breeds and have not been properly addressed for their potential risk in xenotransplantation. Whereas PCV1 is non-pathogenic in pigs, PCV2 has been associated with various disease manifestations. Recently two new circoviruses have been described, PCV3 and PCV4. While PCV4 is currently present mainly in Asia, PCV3 is widely distributed, and has been identified in commercial pigs, wild boars, and pigs generated for xenotransplantation. In one case PCV3 was transmitted by pigs to baboons via heart transplantation. PCV3 pathogenicity in pigs was controversial initially, however, the virus was found to be associated with porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome (PDNS), reproductive failure, and multisystemic inflammation. Inoculation studies with PCV3 infectious clones confirmed that PCV3 is pathogenic. Most importantly, recently discovered human circoviruses (CV) are closely related to PCV3. METHODS: Literature was evaluated and summarized. A dendrogram of existing circoviruses in pigs, humans, and other animal species was created and assessed at the species level. RESULTS: We found that human circoviruses can be divided into three species, human CV1, CV2, and CV3. Human CV2 and CV3 are closest to PCV3. CONCLUSIONS: Circoviruses are ubiquitous. This communication should create awareness of PCV3 and the newly discovered human circoviruses, which may be a problem for blood transfusions and xenotransplantation in immune suppressed individuals.


Assuntos
Infecções por Circoviridae , Circovirus , Doenças dos Suínos , Suínos , Humanos , Animais , Transplante Heterólogo , Transfusão de Sangue , Filogenia
3.
Vet Rec ; 194(6): 214-215, 2024 Mar 16.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38488584

RESUMO

Georgina Mills reports on a bid from a UK-based company to have pigs that are bred to be resistant to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome approved for sale in the USA.


Assuntos
Síndrome Respiratória e Reprodutiva Suína , Vírus da Síndrome Respiratória e Reprodutiva Suína , Doenças dos Suínos , Suínos , Animais , Síndrome Respiratória e Reprodutiva Suína/prevenção & controle , Supermercados , Doenças dos Suínos/prevenção & controle
4.
PLoS One ; 19(3): e0300608, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38489313

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a major cause of enterotropic viral hepatitis, a major public health problem in many developing countries. In Central African Republic (CAR), HEV genotypes 1, 2, and 3 have been found to have an impact on human health. However, data on HEV in animal reservoirs are still lacking for CAR. Here, we investigated the presence of HEV in farmed pigs and goats in Bangui, the capital city of CAR, using molecular methods. METHODOLOGY: In a prospective study, fecal samples from 61 pigs and 39 goats from farms in five districts (2nd, 4th, 6th, 7th, 8th) of Bangui were collected and tested for HEV RNA by real-time RT-PCR. The samples were further analyzed by nested-PCR and sequenced to determine the genotype and subtype to which the virus belong. RESULTS: In total, 22/100 (22.0%) feces samples were successfully amplified for HEV RNA by real time RT-PCR. All positive samples were from pigs (22/61; 36.1%), while all goat samples were negative (0/39). Twelve HEV RNA samples (12/22 or 54.5%) were successfully amplified by nested RT-PCR, and subsequently sequenced. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the obtained sequences clustered with subtype 3h and were genetically related to the human HEV sequences from CAR. CONCLUSION: This study confirms that pigs constitute an HEV reservoir, with genotype 3 being the major circulating strain. Further studies are needed to investigate other local reservoirs and to improve knowledge of the molecular epidemiology of HEV in CAR.


Assuntos
Vírus da Hepatite E , Hepatite E , Doenças dos Suínos , Suínos , Animais , Humanos , Vírus da Hepatite E/genética , Hepatite E/epidemiologia , Hepatite E/veterinária , Filogenia , República Centro-Africana/epidemiologia , Estudos Prospectivos , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo Real , RNA Viral/genética , RNA Viral/análise , Genótipo , Fezes/química , Cabras/genética
5.
Theriogenology ; 219: 138-146, 2024 Apr 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38430798

RESUMO

The quality of sperm significantly influences the reproductive efficiency of pig herds. High-quality sperm is necessary for efficient fertilization and to maximize the litter numbers in commercial pig farming. However, the understanding of genes regulating porcine sperm motility and viability is limited. In this study, we validated porcine sperm/Sertoli-specific promoters through the luciferase reporter system and identified vital genes for sperm quality via loss-of-function means. Further, the shRNAs driven by the ACE and SP-10 promoters were used to knockdown the SPAG6 and PPP1CC genes which were provisionally important for sperm quality. We assessed the effects of SPAG6 and PPP1CC knockdown on sperm motility by using the sperm quality analyzer and flow cytometry. The results showed that the ACE promoter is active in both porcine Sertoli cells and sperms, whereas the SP-10 promoter is operating exclusively in sperm cells. Targeted interference with SPAG6 and PPP1CC expression in sperm cells decreases the motility and increases apoptosis rates in porcine sperms. These findings not only offer new genetic tools for targeting male germ cells but also highlight the crucial roles of SPAG6 and PPP1CC in porcine sperm function.


Assuntos
Infertilidade Masculina , Doenças dos Suínos , Masculino , Animais , Suínos/genética , Motilidade dos Espermatozoides/genética , Sêmen , Espermatozoides , Infertilidade Masculina/genética , Infertilidade Masculina/veterinária , Regiões Promotoras Genéticas , Doenças dos Suínos/genética
6.
Zool Res ; 45(2): 284-291, 2024 Mar 18.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38485498

RESUMO

Hereditary hearing loss (HHL), a genetic disorder that impairs auditory function, significantly affects quality of life and incurs substantial economic losses for society. To investigate the underlying causes of HHL and evaluate therapeutic outcomes, appropriate animal models are necessary. Pigs have been extensively used as valuable large animal models in biomedical research. In this review, we highlight the advantages of pig models in terms of ear anatomy, inner ear morphology, and electrophysiological characteristics, as well as recent advancements in the development of distinct genetically modified porcine models of hearing loss. Additionally, we discuss the prospects, challenges, and recommendations regarding the use pig models in HHL research. Overall, this review provides insights and perspectives for future studies on HHL using porcine models.


Assuntos
Orelha Interna , Perda Auditiva Neurossensorial , Perda Auditiva , Doenças dos Suínos , Animais , Suínos/genética , Qualidade de Vida , Perda Auditiva Neurossensorial/genética , Perda Auditiva Neurossensorial/veterinária , Perda Auditiva/genética , Perda Auditiva/terapia , Perda Auditiva/veterinária , Modelos Animais
7.
Zool Res ; 45(2): 275-283, 2024 Mar 18.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38485497

RESUMO

Huntington's disease (HD) is a hereditary neurodegenerative disorder for which there is currently no effective treatment available. Consequently, the development of appropriate disease models is critical to thoroughly investigate disease progression. The genetic basis of HD involves the abnormal expansion of CAG repeats in the huntingtin ( HTT) gene, leading to the expansion of a polyglutamine repeat in the HTT protein. Mutant HTT carrying the expanded polyglutamine repeat undergoes misfolding and forms aggregates in the brain, which precipitate selective neuronal loss in specific brain regions. Animal models play an important role in elucidating the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders such as HD and in identifying potential therapeutic targets. Due to the marked species differences between rodents and larger animals, substantial efforts have been directed toward establishing large animal models for HD research. These models are pivotal for advancing the discovery of novel therapeutic targets, enhancing effective drug delivery methods, and improving treatment outcomes. We have explored the advantages of utilizing large animal models, particularly pigs, in previous reviews. Since then, however, significant progress has been made in developing more sophisticated animal models that faithfully replicate the typical pathology of HD. In the current review, we provide a comprehensive overview of large animal models of HD, incorporating recent findings regarding the establishment of HD knock-in (KI) pigs and their genetic therapy. We also explore the utilization of large animal models in HD research, with a focus on sheep, non-human primates (NHPs), and pigs. Our objective is to provide valuable insights into the application of these large animal models for the investigation and treatment of neurodegenerative disorders.


Assuntos
Doença de Huntington , Doenças dos Ovinos , Doenças dos Suínos , Animais , Ovinos , Suínos , Doença de Huntington/genética , Doença de Huntington/terapia , Doença de Huntington/metabolismo , Doença de Huntington/veterinária , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Primatas/genética , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Proteína Huntingtina/genética , Proteína Huntingtina/metabolismo , Doenças dos Ovinos/metabolismo , Doenças dos Ovinos/patologia , Doenças dos Suínos/metabolismo , Doenças dos Suínos/patologia
8.
Vet Res ; 55(1): 35, 2024 Mar 22.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38520031

RESUMO

The increase in the emergence of antimicrobial resistance has led to great challenges in controlling porcine extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) infections. Combinations of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) and antibiotics can synergistically improve antimicrobial efficacy and reduce bacterial resistance. In this study, we investigated the antibacterial activity of porcine myeloid antimicrobial peptide 36 (PMAP-36) in combination with tetracycline against porcine ExPEC PCN033 both in vitro and in vivo. The minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) of AMPs (PMAP-36 and PR-39) against the ExPEC strains PCN033 and RS218 were 10 µM and 5 µM, respectively. Results of the checkerboard assay and the time-kill assay showed that PMAP-36 and antibiotics (tetracycline and gentamicin) had synergistic bactericidal effects against PCN033. PMAP-36 and tetracycline in combination led to PCN033 cell wall shrinkage, as was shown by scanning electron microscopy. Furthermore, PMAP-36 delayed the emergence of PCN033 resistance to tetracycline by inhibiting the expression of the tetracycline resistance gene tetB. In a mouse model of systemic infection of PCN033, treatment with PMAP-36 combined with tetracycline significantly increased the survival rate, reduced the bacterial load and dampened the inflammatory response in mice. In addition, detection of immune cells in the peritoneal lavage fluid using flow cytometry revealed that the combination of PMAP-36 and tetracycline promoted the migration of monocytes/macrophages to the infection site. Our results suggest that AMPs in combination with antibiotics may provide more therapeutic options against multidrug-resistant porcine ExPEC.


Assuntos
Anti-Infecciosos , Peptídeos Catiônicos Antimicrobianos , Infecções por Escherichia coli , Escherichia coli Extraintestinal Patogênica , Doenças dos Roedores , Doenças dos Suínos , Animais , Suínos , Camundongos , Escherichia coli Extraintestinal Patogênica/genética , Peptídeos Antimicrobianos , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Tetraciclinas , Infecções por Escherichia coli/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções por Escherichia coli/veterinária , Doenças dos Suínos/tratamento farmacológico
9.
Arch Virol ; 169(4): 82, 2024 Mar 23.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38520595

RESUMO

Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV), and swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus (SADS-CoV) cause intestinal diseases with similar manifestations in suckling piglets. In this study, we developed a multiplex real-time PCR for differential diagnosis of PEDV, PDCoV, and SADS-CoV. The assay demonstrated high specificity with a detection limit of 5 copies/µl for each virus. The assay specifically detected PEDV, PDCoV, and SADS-CoV and excluded all other swine pathogens circulating in pigs. Furthermore, the assay exhibited satisfactory performance in analyzing clinical samples. The data indicate that the newly developed multiplex real-time PCR method can be applied for differential diagnosis of porcine enteric coronaviruses.


Assuntos
Alphacoronavirus , Infecções por Coronavirus , Deltacoronavirus , Vírus da Diarreia Epidêmica Suína , Doenças dos Suínos , Animais , Suínos , Vírus da Diarreia Epidêmica Suína/genética , Diarreia/diagnóstico , Diarreia/veterinária , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Infecções por Coronavirus/diagnóstico , Infecções por Coronavirus/veterinária , Infecções por Coronavirus/epidemiologia
10.
BMC Vet Res ; 20(1): 117, 2024 Mar 23.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38521906

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: In Bosnia and Herzegovina, domestic and wild carnivores represent a significant driver for the transmission and ecology of zoonotic pathogens, especially those of parasitic aetiology. Nevertheless, there is no systematic research of Trichinella species in animals that have been conducted in Bosnia and Herzegovina, even though trichinellosis is considered the most important parasitic zoonosis. The available results of the few studies carried out in Bosnia and Herzegovina are mainly related to the confirmation of parasitic larvae in the musculature of domestic pigs and wild boars or data related to trichinellosis in humans. The objective of our study was to present the findings of a comprehensive investigation into the species composition of Trichinella among 11 carnivorous species within the territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina, as follows: red fox (Vulpes vulpes), grey wolf (Canis lupus), brown bear (Ursus arctos), wildcat (Felis silvestris), pine marten (Martes martes), European badger (Meles meles), weasel (Mustela nivalis), European polecat (Mustela putorius), Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx), but also dog (Canis lupus familiaris) and cat (Felis catus). RESULTS: In the period 2013-2023, carnivore musculature samples (n = 629), each consisting of 10 g of muscle tissue, were taken post-mortem and individually examined using the artificial digestion method. In the positive samples (n = 128), molecular genotyping and identification of parasitic larvae of Trichinella spp. were performed using a PCR-based technique up to the species/genotype level. Positive samples were used for basic PCR detection of the genus Trichinella (rrnS rt-PCR technique) and genotyping (rrnl-EVS rt-PCR technique). The Trichinella infection was documented for the first time in Bosnia and Herzegovina among red foxes, grey wolves, brown bears, dogs, badgers and Eurasian lynx, with a frequency rate of 20.3%. Additionally, the presence of T. britovi infection was newly confirmed in Bosnia and Herzegovina, marking the initial documented cases. Furthermore, both T. britovi and T. pseudospiralis infections were observed in the wildcat population, whereas T. britovi and T. spiralis infections were detected in pine martens. Consistent with previous research, our findings align particularly regarding carnivores, with data from other countries such as Germany, Finland, Romania, Poland and Spain, where T. britovi exhibits a wider distribution (62.5-100%) compared to T. spiralis (0.0-37.5%). T. britovi is more common among sylvatic carnivores (89.0%), while T. spiralis prevails in wild boars (62.0%), domestic swine (82.0%) and rodents (75.0%). CONCLUSION: The results of our study represent the first molecular identification of species of the genus Trichinella in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Additionally, our findings underscore the necessity for targeted epidemiological studies to thoroughly assess trichinellosis prevalence across diverse animal populations. Considering the relatively high frequency of trichinellosis infection in investigated animal species and its public health implications, there is an evident need for establishing an effective trichinellosis surveillance system in Bosnia and Herzegovina.


Assuntos
Carnívoros , Doenças do Gato , Doenças do Cão , Lynx , Mustelidae , Doenças dos Roedores , Doenças dos Suínos , Trichinella , Triquinelose , Ursidae , Lobos , Humanos , Animais , Suínos , Cães , Gatos , Trichinella/genética , Triquinelose/epidemiologia , Triquinelose/veterinária , Bósnia e Herzegóvina/epidemiologia , Sus scrofa , Carnívoros/parasitologia , Roedores , Furões , Raposas/parasitologia , Larva , Doenças dos Suínos/epidemiologia
11.
BMC Vet Res ; 20(1): 111, 2024 Mar 22.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38515094

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: At present, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) caused by the PRRS virus (PRRSV) is one of the most severe epidemics impacting pig farming globally. Despite the fact that a number of studies have been conducted on potential solutions to this problem, none have proven effective. The focus of problem solving is the use of natural ingredients such as plant extracts. Popular throughout Asia, Caesalpinia sappan (CS) is a therapeutic plant that inhibits PRRSV in vitro. Therefore, this study was performed to determine the efficacy of CS extract dietary supplementation on the productive performance, antibody levels, immunological indicators, and lung pathology of PRRSV-challenged weaned pigs. A total of 32 weaned piglets (28 days old) were randomized into 4 groups and kept separately for 14 days. The treatments were organized in a 2 × 2 factorial design involving two factors: PRRSV challenge and supplementation with 1 mg/kg CS extract. The pigs in the PRRSV-challenged groups were intranasally inoculated with 2 mL of PRRSV (VR2332) containing 104 TCID50/mL, while those in the groups not challenged with PRRSV were inoculated with 2 mL of normal saline. RESULTS: In the PRRSV-challenged group (CS + PRRSV), supplementation with CS extract led to an increase in white blood cells (WBCs) on Day 7 post infection (p < 0.05) and particularly in lymphocytes on Days 7 and 14. The antibody titer was significantly greater in the CS + PRRSV group than in the PRRSV-challenged group not administered CS (PRRSV group) on Day 14 postinfection (S/P = 1.19 vs. 0.78). In addition, CS extract administration decreased the prevalence of pulmonary lesions, which were more prevalent in the PRRSV-challenged pigs that did not receive the CS extract. CONCLUSION: The findings of this study suggest that supplementation with CS extract is beneficial for increasing WBC counts, especially lymphocytes, increasing the levels of antibodies and reducing the prevalence of lung lesions in PRRSV-infected pigs.


Assuntos
Caesalpinia , Síndrome Respiratória e Reprodutiva Suína , Vírus da Síndrome Respiratória e Reprodutiva Suína , Doenças dos Suínos , Vacinas Virais , Animais , Suínos , Síndrome Respiratória e Reprodutiva Suína/tratamento farmacológico , Síndrome Respiratória e Reprodutiva Suína/prevenção & controle , Anticorpos Antivirais , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/uso terapêutico , Suplementos Nutricionais , Doenças dos Suínos/tratamento farmacológico , Doenças dos Suínos/prevenção & controle
12.
Vet Res ; 55(1): 34, 2024 Mar 19.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38504299

RESUMO

Streptococcus suis serotype 2 is a major swine pathogen and a zoonotic agent, causing meningitis in both swine and humans, responsible for substantial economic losses to the swine industry worldwide. The pathogenesis of infection and the role of bacterial cell wall components in virulence have not been fully elucidated. Lipoproteins, peptidoglycan, as well as lipoteichoic acids (LTA) have all been proposed to contribute to virulence. In the present study, the role of the LTA in the pathogenesis of the infection was evaluated through the characterisation of a mutant of the S. suis serotype 2 strain P1/7 lacking the LtaS enzyme, which mediates the polymerization of the LTA poly-glycerolphosphate chain. The ltaS mutant was confirmed to completely lack LTA and displayed significant morphological defects. Although the bacterial growth of this mutant was not affected, further results showed that LTA is involved in maintaining S. suis bacterial fitness. However, its role in the pathogenesis of the infection appears limited. Indeed, LTA presence reduces self-agglutination, biofilm formation and even dendritic cell activation, which are important aspects of the pathogenesis of the infection caused by S. suis. In addition, it does not seem to play a critical role in virulence using a systemic mouse model of infection.


Assuntos
Doenças dos Roedores , Infecções Estreptocócicas , Streptococcus suis , Doenças dos Suínos , Humanos , Camundongos , Animais , Suínos , Sorogrupo , Forma Celular , Virulência , Infecções Estreptocócicas/veterinária , Infecções Estreptocócicas/microbiologia
13.
Pol J Vet Sci ; 27(1): 143-146, 2024 Mar 20.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38511679

RESUMO

Porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) is a disease extremely harmful to pig health. Intramuscular and Houhai acupoint injections are the main immunization routes to prevent and control PED. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of these two routes in pregnant sows based on serum IgG, IgA, and neutralizing antibody levels. PED virus (PEDV) immunoprophylaxis with live-attenuated and inactivated vaccines was administered. The vaccinations for the intramuscular injections elevated IgG and neutralizing antibody levels more than Houhai acupoint injections at most timepoints after immunization. However, the anti-PEDV IgA antibodies induced by vaccination with the two immunization routes did not differ significantly. In conclusion, intramuscular injections are better than Houhai acupoint injections for PEDV vaccination of pregnant sows.


Assuntos
Infecções por Coronavirus , Vírus da Diarreia Epidêmica Suína , Doenças dos Suínos , Vacinas Virais , Gravidez , Suínos , Animais , Feminino , Anticorpos Antivirais , Infecções por Coronavirus/prevenção & controle , Infecções por Coronavirus/veterinária , Imunização/veterinária , Anticorpos Neutralizantes , Vacinação/veterinária , Diarreia/veterinária , Imunoglobulina G , Imunoglobulina A
14.
Vet Microbiol ; 291: 110030, 2024 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38428226

RESUMO

We have analyzed the capsule (CPS) and the lipopolysaccharide O-Antigen (O-Ag) biosynthesis loci of twelve Spanish field isolates of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae biovar 2, eleven of them previously typed serologically as serovar 4 and one non-typable (NT) (Maldonado et al., 2009, 2011). These isolates have the common core genes of the type I CPS locus, sharing >98% identity with those of serovar 2. However, the former possesses the O-Ag locus as serovar 4, and the latter possesses the O-Ag locus as serovar 7. The main difference found between the CPS loci of the 11 isolates and that of serovar 2 reference strain S1536 are two deletions, one of an 8 bp sequence upstream of the coding sequence and one of 111 bp sequence at the 5' end of the cps2G gene. The deletion mutations mentioned lead to a defect in the production of CPS in these isolates, which contributed to their previous mis-identification. In order to complement the serotyping of A. pleuropneumoniae in diagnostics and epidemiology, we have developed a multiplex PCR for the comprehensive O-Ag typing of all A. pleuropneumoniae isolates.


Assuntos
Infecções por Actinobacillus , Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae , Doenças dos Suínos , Animais , Suínos , Sorogrupo , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Multiplex/veterinária , Antígenos O/genética , Infecções por Actinobacillus/veterinária , Sorotipagem/veterinária
15.
Vet Microbiol ; 291: 110032, 2024 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38430715

RESUMO

In recent years, it has become apparent that imbalances in the gastrointestinal system can impact organs beyond the intestine such as the lungs. Given the established ability of probiotics to modulate the immune system by interacting with gastrointestinal cells, our research aimed to investigate whether administering the probiotic strain Bacillus subtilis-597 could mitigate the outcome of influenza virus infection in pigs. Pigs were fed a diet either with or without the probiotic strain B. subtilis-597 for 14 days before being intranasally inoculated with a swine influenza A H1N2 strain (1 C.2 lineage). Throughout the study, we collected fecal samples, blood samples, and nasal swabs to examine viral shedding and immune gene expression. After seven days of infection, the pigs were euthanized, and lung and ileum tissues were collected for gene expression analysis and pathological examination. Our findings indicate that the administration of B. subtilis-597 exhibit potential in reducing lung lesions, possibly attributable to a general suppression of the immune system as indicated by reduced C-reactive protein (CRP) levels in serum, decreased expression of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs), and localized reduction of the inflammatory marker serum amyloid A (SAA) in ileum tissue. Notably, the immune-modulatory effects of B. subtilis-597 appeared to be unrelated to the gastrointestinal microbiota, as the composition remained unaltered by both the influenza infection and the administration of B. subtilis-597.


Assuntos
Vírus da Influenza A , Influenza Humana , Infecções por Orthomyxoviridae , Probióticos , Doenças dos Suínos , Suínos , Animais , Humanos , Bacillus subtilis , Probióticos/farmacologia , Infecções por Orthomyxoviridae/veterinária , Inflamação/veterinária , Pulmão/patologia
16.
Vet Res ; 55(1): 15, 2024 Feb 05.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38317242

RESUMO

This study investigated the role of causative infectious agents in ulceration of the non-glandular part of the porcine stomach (pars oesophagea). In total, 150 stomachs from slaughter pigs were included, 75 from pigs that received a meal feed, 75 from pigs that received an equivalent pelleted feed with a smaller particle size. The pars oesophagea was macroscopically examined after slaughter. (q)PCR assays for H. suis, F. gastrosuis and H. pylori-like organisms were performed, as well as 16S rRNA sequencing for pars oesophagea microbiome analyses. All 150 pig stomachs showed lesions. F. gastrosuis was detected in 115 cases (77%) and H. suis in 117 cases (78%), with 92 cases (61%) of co-infection; H. pylori-like organisms were detected in one case. Higher infectious loads of H. suis increased the odds of severe gastric lesions (OR = 1.14, p = 0.038), while the presence of H. suis infection in the pyloric gland zone increased the probability of pars oesophageal erosions [16.4% (95% CI 0.6-32.2%)]. The causal effect of H. suis was mediated by decreased pars oesophageal microbiome diversity [-1.9% (95% CI - 5.0-1.2%)], increased abundances of Veillonella and Campylobacter spp., and decreased abundances of Lactobacillus, Escherichia-Shigella, and Enterobacteriaceae spp. Higher infectious loads of F. gastrosuis in the pars oesophagea decreased the odds of severe gastric lesions (OR = 0.8, p = 0.0014). Feed pelleting had no significant impact on the prevalence of severe gastric lesions (OR = 1.72, p = 0.28). H. suis infections are a risk factor for ulceration of the porcine pars oesophagea, probably mediated through alterations in pars oesophageal microbiome diversity and composition.


Assuntos
Fusobacterium , Infecções por Helicobacter , Helicobacter heilmannii , Microbiota , Úlcera Gástrica , Doenças dos Suínos , Animais , Suínos , Úlcera Gástrica/microbiologia , Úlcera Gástrica/patologia , Úlcera Gástrica/veterinária , RNA Ribossômico 16S , Doenças dos Suínos/microbiologia , Infecções por Helicobacter/veterinária , Infecções por Helicobacter/microbiologia , Mucosa Gástrica
17.
Vet Res ; 55(1): 17, 2024 Feb 06.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38321502

RESUMO

Streptococcus suis is a gram-positive bacterium that causes meningitis, septicemia, endocarditis, and other disorders in pigs and humans. We obtained 42 and 50 S. suis isolates from lesions of porcine endocarditis and palatine tonsils, respectively, of clinically healthy pigs in Japan; we then determined their sequence types (STs) by multilocus sequence typing (MLST), cps genotypes, serotypes, and presence of classical major virulence-associated marker genes (mrp, epf, and sly). The 42 isolates from endocarditis lesions were assigned to a limited number of STs and clonal complexes (CCs). On the other hand, the 50 isolates from tonsils were diverse in these traits and seemingly in the degree of virulence, suggesting that tonsils can accommodate a variety of S. suis isolates. The goeBURST full algorithm using tonsil isolates obtained in this study and those retrieved from the database showed that major CCs as well as many other clusters were composed of isolates originating from different countries, and some of the STs were very similar to each other despite the difference in country of origin. These findings indicate that S. suis with not only different but also similar mutations in the genome have survived in tonsils independently across different geographical locations. Therefore, unlike the lesions of endocarditis, the tonsils of pigs seemingly accommodate various S. suis lineages. The present study suggests that S. suis acquired its diversity by natural mutations during colonization and persistence in the tonsils of pigs.


Assuntos
Endocardite , Infecções Estreptocócicas , Streptococcus suis , Doenças dos Suínos , Humanos , Suínos , Animais , Tipagem de Sequências Multilocus/veterinária , Tonsila Palatina/microbiologia , Streptococcus suis/genética , Infecções Estreptocócicas/microbiologia , Infecções Estreptocócicas/veterinária , Doenças dos Suínos/microbiologia , Endocardite/veterinária
18.
Schweiz Arch Tierheilkd ; 166(3): 131-140, 2024 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38419484

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia (E.) coli (STEC) are zoonotic foodborne pathogens of significant public health importance. While ruminants are considered the main reservoir, wild animals are increasingly acknowledged as carriers and potential reservoirs of STEC. The aim of this study was to determine the occurrence of STEC in a total of 59 faecal samples of hunted wild boars (Sus scrofa) from two different regions in Switzerland (canton Thurgau in northern Switzerland and canton Ticino in southern Switzerland), and to characterise the isolates using a whole genome sequencing approach. After an enrichment step, Shiga-toxin encoding genes (stx) were detected by real-time PCR in 41 % (95 % confidence interval (95 %CI) 0,29 - 0,53) of the samples, and STEC were subsequently recovered from 22 % (95 %CI 0,13 - 0,34) of the same samples. Seven different serotypes and six different sequence types (STs) were found, with O146:H28 ST738 (n = 4) and O100:H20 ST2514 (n = 4) predominating. Subtyping of stx identified isolates with stx1c/stx2b (n = 1), stx2a (n = 1), stx2b (n = 6), and stx2e (n = 6). No isolate contained the eae gene, but all harboured additional virulence genes, most commonly astA (n = 10), hlyE (n = 9), and hra (n = 9). STEC O11:H5, O21:H21, and O146:H28 harboured virulence factors associated with extra-intestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC), and STEC O100:H20 and O155:H26 possessed sta1 and/or stb and were STEC/enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) hybrid pathotypes. Our results show that wild boars are carriers of STEC which may be distributed in the environment, possibly leading to the contamination of agricultural crops and water sources. The serogroups included STEC O146 which belongs to the most common non-O157 serogroups associated with human illness in Europe, with implications for public health. Since Stx2e-producing STEC have frequently been reported in swine and pork, STEC O100:H20 harbouring stx2e in faeces of wild boars may be relevant to free-range systems of pig farming because of the potential risk of transmission events at the wildlife-livestock interface.


INTRODUCTION: Les Escherichia (E.) coli producteurs de shiga-toxine (STEC) sont des agents pathogènes zoonotiques d'origine alimentaire qui revêtent une grande importance pour la santé publique. Alors que les ruminants sont considérés comme le principal réservoir, les animaux sauvages sont de plus en plus souvent reconnus comme porteurs et réservoirs potentiels de STEC. L'objectif de cette étude était de déterminer la présence de STEC dans un total de 59 échantillons fécaux de sangliers (Sus scrofa) chassés provenant de deux régions différentes de Suisse (canton de Thurgovie dans le nord de la Suisse et canton du Tessin dans le sud de la Suisse) et de caractériser les isolats en utilisant une approche de séquençage du génome entier. Après une étape d'enrichissement, les gènes codant pour la Shiga-toxine (stx) ont été détectés par PCR en temps réel dans 41% (intervalle de confiance à 95% (95%CI) 0,29 - 0,53) des échantillons, et les STEC ont ensuite été récupérés dans 22% (95%CI 0,13 - 0,34) des mêmes échantillons. Sept sérotypes différents et six types de séquence (ST) différents ont été trouvés, avec une prédominance de O146:H28 ST738 (n = 4) et O100:H20 ST2514 (n = 4). Le sous-typage des stx a permis d'identifier des isolats avec stx1c/stx2b (n = 1), stx2a (n = 1), stx2b (n = 6) et stx2e (n = 6). Aucun isolat ne contenait le gène eae, mais tous hébergeaient d'autres gènes de virulence, le plus souvent astA (n = 10), hlyE (n = 9) et hra (n = 9). Les STEC O11:H5, O21:H21 et O146:H28 présentaient des facteurs de virulence associés à des E. coli pathogènes extra-intestinaux (ExPEC), et les STEC O100:H20 et O155:H26 possédaient sta1 et/ou stb et étaient des pathotypes hybrides STEC/E. coli entérotoxinogène (ETEC).


Assuntos
Infecções por Escherichia coli , Proteínas de Escherichia coli , Escherichia coli Shiga Toxigênica , Doenças dos Suínos , Animais , Humanos , Suínos , Escherichia coli Shiga Toxigênica/genética , Suíça/epidemiologia , Proteínas de Escherichia coli/genética , Infecções por Escherichia coli/epidemiologia , Infecções por Escherichia coli/veterinária , Sorotipagem/veterinária , Animais Selvagens , Toxina Shiga/genética , Sus scrofa , Doenças dos Suínos/epidemiologia
19.
Theriogenology ; 218: 111-118, 2024 Apr 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38320372

RESUMO

Genetically modified pigs play a critical role in mimicking human diseases, xenotransplantation, and the development of pigs resistant to viral diseases. The use of programmable endonucleases, including the CRISPR/Cas9 system, has revolutionized the generation of genetically modified pigs. This study evaluates the efficiency of electroporation of oocytes prior to fertilization in generating edited gene embryos for different models. For single gene editing, phospholipase C zeta (PLC ζ) and fused in sarcoma (FUS) genes were used, and the concentration of sgRNA and Cas9 complexes was optimized. The results showed that increasing the concentration resulted in higher mutation rates without affecting the blastocyst rate. Electroporation produced double knockouts for the TPC1/TPC2 genes with high efficiency (79 %). In addition, resistance to viral diseases such as PRRS and swine influenza was achieved by electroporation, allowing the generation of double knockout embryo pigs (63 %). The study also demonstrated the potential for multiple gene editing in a single step using electroporation, which is relevant for xenotransplantation. The technique resulted in the simultaneous mutation of 5 genes (GGTA1, B4GALNT2, pseudo B4GALNT2, CMAH and GHR). Overall, electroporation proved to be an efficient and versatile method to generate genetically modified embryonic pigs, offering significant advances in biomedical and agricultural research, xenotransplantation, and disease resistance. Electroporation led to the processing of numerous oocytes in a single session using less expensive equipment. We confirmed the generation of gene-edited porcine embryos for single, double, or quintuple genes simultaneously without altering embryo development to the blastocyst stage. The results provide valuable insights into the optimization of gene editing protocols for different models, opening new avenues for research and applications in this field.


Assuntos
Doenças dos Suínos , Viroses , Humanos , Animais , Suínos/genética , Animais Geneticamente Modificados , Sistemas CRISPR-Cas , RNA Guia de Sistemas CRISPR-Cas , Edição de Genes/veterinária , Edição de Genes/métodos , Fertilização In Vitro/veterinária , Oócitos , Eletroporação/veterinária , Eletroporação/métodos , Viroses/veterinária , Doenças dos Suínos/genética
20.
Theriogenology ; 218: 119-125, 2024 Apr 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38325148

RESUMO

Over the last few decades, there has been a constant increase in sow litter size, the consequences of which include parturition duration extension, an increase in the percentage of stillborn and hypoxic piglets, and increased variation in piglet birth weight, which reduces their vitality. As such, it seems clear that further increasing sow fertility will generate difficulties and costs in rearing numerous litters with low birth weights. Therefore, the current study aimed to analyze the genetic background of sow hyperprolifcacy using a genome-wide association study (GWAS). The research included 144 sows in the maternal component, divided into two equal groups. The first group (control) consisted of females giving birth to the optimal number of piglets in their third and fourth litters (14-16), while the second group (cases) included those with excessive litter size (>16). The analyzed sows were genotyped using Illumina's PorcineSNP60v2 BeadChip microarray, comprising 64,232 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Statistical analysis using R included quality control of genotyping data and GWAS analysis based on five logistic regression models (dominant, codominant, overdominant, recessive, and log-additive) with a single SNP marker as the explanatory variable. On this basis, one SNP (SIRI0000069) was identified on chromosome seven within the EFCAB11 (EF-hand calcium binding domain 11) gene that had a statistically significant effect on sow hyperprolificacy. Additionally, ten SNPs (INRA0007631, ALGA0011600, ALGA0043433, ALGA0043428, M1GA0010535 ALGA00443338, ALGA0087116, MARC0056787, ALGA0112928, and ALGA0089047) had a relationship with the analyzed feature at a level close to significance, set at 1-5. These SNPs appear important since they are located on chromosomes on which a large number of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and SNPs associated with reproductive characteristics, including litter size, have been identified.


Assuntos
Estudo de Associação Genômica Ampla , Doenças dos Suínos , Animais , Suínos/genética , Gravidez , Feminino , Tamanho da Ninhada de Vivíparos/genética , Estudo de Associação Genômica Ampla/veterinária , Reprodução/genética , Peso ao Nascer , Natimorto/veterinária , Lactação
SELEÇÃO DE REFERÊNCIAS
DETALHE DA PESQUISA
...