Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Mostrar: 20 | 50 | 100
Resultados 1 - 20 de 6.023
Filtrar
1.
Sci Rep ; 14(1): 5563, 2024 03 06.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38448501

RESUMO

Byproducts from the sugarcane manufacturing process, specifically sugarcane molasses (SM) and sugarcane bagasse (SB), can be used as alternative raw materials for sorbitol production via the biological fermentation process. This study investigated the production of sorbitol from SM and sugarcane bagasse hydrolysate (SBH) using a thermally adapted Zymomonas mobilis ZM AD41. Various combinations of SM and SBH on sorbitol production using batch fermentation process were tested. The results revealed that SM alone (FM1) or a mixture of SM and SBH at a ratio of 3:1 (FM2) based on the sugar mass in the raw material proved to be the best condition for sorbitol production by ZM AD41 at 37 °C. Further optimization conditions for sorbitol production revealed that a sugar concentration of 200 g/L and a CaCl2 concentration of 5.0 g/L yielded the highest sorbitol content. The maximum sorbitol concentrations produced by ZM AD41 in the fermentation medium containing SM (FM1) or a mixture of SM and SBH (FM2) were 31.23 and 30.45 g/L, respectively, comparable to those reported in the literature using sucrose or a mixture of sucrose and maltose as feedstock. These results suggested that SBH could be used as an alternative feedstock to supplement or blend with SM for sustainable sorbitol production. In addition, the fermentation conditions established in this study could also be applied to large-scale sorbitol production. Moreover, the thermally adapted Z. mobilis ZM AD41 is also a promising sorbitol-producing bacterium for large-scale production at a relatively high fermentation temperature using agricultural byproducts, specifically SM and SB, as feedstock, which could reduce the operating cost due to minimizing the energy required for the cooling system.


Assuntos
Saccharum , Zymomonas , Celulose , Sorbitol , Melaço , Maltose , Sacarose
2.
Air Med J ; 43(2): 116-123, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38490774

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: The epidemiology accompanying helicopter emergency medical services (HEMS) transport has evolved as agencies have matured and become integrated into regionalized health systems, as evidenced primarily by nationwide systems in Europe. System-level congruence between Europe and the United States, where HEMS is geographically fragmentary, is unclear. In this study, we provide a temporal, epidemiologic characterization of the largest standardized private, nonprofit HEMS system in the United States, STAT MedEvac. METHODS: We obtained comprehensive timing, procedure, and vital signs data from STAT MedEvac prehospital electronic patient care records for all adult patients transported to UPMC Health System hospitals in the period of January 2012 through October 2021. We linked these data with hospital electronic health records available through June 2018 to establish length of stay and vital status at discharge. RESULTS: We studied 90,960 transports and matched 62.8% (n = 57,128) to the electronic health record. The average patient age was 58.6 years ( 19 years), and most were male (57.9%). The majority of cases were interfacility transports (77.6%), and the most common general medical category was nontrauma (72.7%). Sixty-one percent of all patients received a prehospital intervention. Overall, hospital mortality was 15%, and the average hospital length of stay (LOS) was 8.8 days ( 10.0 days). Observed trends over time included increases in nontrauma transports, level of severity, and in-hospital mortality. In multivariable models, case severity and medical category correlated with the outcomes of mortality and LOS. CONCLUSION: In the largest standardized nonprofit HEMS system in the United States, patient mortality and hospital LOS increased over time, whereas the proportion of trauma patients and scene runs decreased.


Assuntos
Resgate Aéreo , Serviços Médicos de Emergência , Adulto , Humanos , Masculino , Estados Unidos/epidemiologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Feminino , Estudos Retrospectivos , Aeronaves , Serviços Médicos de Emergência/métodos , Cuidados Críticos , Sorbitol , Escala de Gravidade do Ferimento
3.
J Tradit Chin Med ; 44(2): 260-267, 2024 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38504532

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To explore the anti-inflammatory components and mechanism of the non-volatile ingredients of patchouli. METHODS: High performance liquid chromatography-heated electron spray ionization-high resolution mass spectroscope (HPLC-HESI-HRMS) was used to analyze the chemical constituents of the non-volatile ingredients of patchouli. The anti-inflammatory activity of ingredients was evaluated using lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced RAW264.7 cell inflammation model, and the anti-inflammatory mechanism was investigated using multivariate statistical analysis of cell metabolomics. RESULTS: The non-volatile ingredients of patchouli were characterized by HPLC-HESI-HRMS, and 36 flavonoids and 18 other components were identified. These ingredients of patchouli not only had a good protective effect on the LPS-induced inflammation model of RAW264.7 cells, but also regulated the expression levels of arginine, L-leucine, cholesterol, fructose and sorbitol by down-regulating arginine metabolism, aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, polyol/sorbitol pathway, so as to reduce inflammation and reduce cell damage. CONCLUSION: The non-volatile ingredients of patchouli had good anti-inflammatory effect and exerted its curative effect by regulating endogenous metabolic pathway to reduce inflammatory response.


Assuntos
Lipopolissacarídeos , Pogostemon , Humanos , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Elétrons , Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologia , Metabolômica , Inflamação , Pogostemon/química , Arginina , Sorbitol
4.
Int J Biol Macromol ; 262(Pt 2): 130103, 2024 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38346616

RESUMO

Extraction of seaweed compounds using Deep Eutectic Solvents (DES) has shown high interest. Quantification, however, is challenging due to interactions with DES components. In this research work, three chemical separation techniques were investigated to isolate and quantify alginate from a set of choline chloride-based DES. While choline chloride served as the hydrogen bond acceptor (HBA); Urea, Ethylene Glycol, Propylene Glycol, Glycerol, Sorbitol, Xylitol and Glucose were used as hydrogen bond donors (HBD). DES containing sodium alginate were subjected to precipitation with sulfuric acid 0.2 M (pH 1.6), ethanol-water mixture (80 % v/v) and calcium chloride (1 % w/v CaCl2·2H2O). Alginate in precipitates was quantified and used to evaluate the performance of each separation technique. The highest recovery yields (51.2 ± 1.3 %) were obtained using the ethanol-water mixture followed by calcium chloride (45.7 ± 1.2 %), except for polyols (e.g. sorbitol). The lowest recovery yields were obtained with acid, with a particularly low recovery yield when urea was used as HBD (9.6 ± 1.3 %). Estimations of ManA/GulA ratios showed lower values for precipitates from DES compared to the ones obtained from water. This research shows ethanolic precipitation as a suitable method for alginate separation from the studied set of choline chloride-based DES.


Assuntos
Colina , Solventes Eutéticos Profundos , Colina/química , Solventes/química , Alginatos , Cloreto de Cálcio , Água , Etanol , Ureia/química , Sorbitol
5.
Cell ; 187(5): 1191-1205.e15, 2024 Feb 29.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38366592

RESUMO

Carbohydrate intolerance, commonly linked to the consumption of lactose, fructose, or sorbitol, affects up to 30% of the population in high-income countries. Although sorbitol intolerance is attributed to malabsorption, the underlying mechanism remains unresolved. Here, we show that a history of antibiotic exposure combined with high fat intake triggered long-lasting sorbitol intolerance in mice by reducing Clostridia abundance, which impaired microbial sorbitol catabolism. The restoration of sorbitol catabolism by inoculation with probiotic Escherichia coli protected mice against sorbitol intolerance but did not restore Clostridia abundance. Inoculation with the butyrate producer Anaerostipes caccae restored a normal Clostridia abundance, which protected mice against sorbitol-induced diarrhea even when the probiotic was cleared. Butyrate restored Clostridia abundance by stimulating epithelial peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-γ) signaling to restore epithelial hypoxia in the colon. Collectively, these mechanistic insights identify microbial sorbitol catabolism as a potential target for approaches for the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of sorbitol intolerance.


Assuntos
Erros Inatos do Metabolismo dos Carboidratos , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Sorbitol , Animais , Camundongos , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Butiratos , Clostridium , Escherichia coli , Sorbitol/metabolismo
6.
J Water Health ; 22(2): 372-384, 2024 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38421631

RESUMO

The study objective was to evaluate human faecal contamination impacts in the Yal-ku lagoon in the Mexican Caribbean and to estimate adenovirus infection and illness risks associated with recreational exposure during water activities. A total of 20 water samples (10 from each site × two sites) (50 L) were collected monthly over a period of 12 months from two selected sampling sites in the swimming area of the Yal-ku lagoon. The occurrence of faecal-associated viruses was explored, and human adenovirus (HAdV) and pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV) concentrations were quantified. A quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) model was used to estimate exposure and subsequent adenovirus infection and illness risk for 1 h of swimming or snorkelling. Somatic and F + -specific coliphages occurred in 100% of the samples. Both HAdV and PMMoV were detected at a 60% frequency thereby indicating persistent faecal inputs. PMMoV concentrations (44-370 GC/L) were relatively lower than the concentrations of HAdV (64-1,000 GC/L). Estimated mean adenovirus risks were greater for snorkelling than for swimming by roughly one to two orders of magnitude and estimated mean illness risks for snorkelling were >32/1,000. Human faecal contamination is frequent in the Yal-ku lagoon, which is associated with human gastrointestinal illness.


Assuntos
Infecções por Adenoviridae , Adenovírus Humanos , Tobamovirus , Humanos , Região do Caribe , Água , Sorbitol
7.
Biochemistry ; 63(5): 699-710, 2024 Mar 05.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38386885

RESUMO

Campylobacter jejuni is a Gram-negative pathogenic bacterium commonly found in chickens and is the leading cause of human diarrheal disease worldwide. The various serotypes of C. jejuni produce structurally distinct capsular polysaccharides (CPSs) on the exterior surfaces of the cell wall. The capsular polysaccharide from C. jejuni serotype HS:5 is composed of a repeating sequence of d-glycero-d-manno-heptose and d-glucitol-6-phosphate. We previously defined the pathway for the production of d-glycero-d-manno-heptose in C. jejuni. Here, we elucidate the biosynthetic pathway for the assembly of cytidine diphosphate (CDP)-6-d-glucitol by the combined action of two previously uncharacterized enzymes. The first enzyme catalyzes the formation of CDP-6-d-fructose from cytidine triphosphate (CTP) and d-fructose-6-phosphate. The second enzyme reduces CDP-6-d-fructose with NADPH to generate CDP-6-d-glucitol. Using sequence similarity network (SSN) and genome neighborhood network (GNN) analyses, we predict that these pairs of proteins are responsible for the biosynthesis of CDP-6-d-glucitol and/or CDP-d-mannitol in the lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) and capsular polysaccharides in more than 200 other organisms. In addition, high resolution X-ray structures of the second enzyme are reported, which provide novel insight into the manner in which an open-chain nucleotide-linked sugar is harbored in an active site cleft.


Assuntos
Campylobacter jejuni , Animais , Humanos , Sorbitol/metabolismo , Galinhas/metabolismo , Polissacarídeos/metabolismo , Cistina Difosfato/metabolismo , Frutose/metabolismo , Polissacarídeos Bacterianos/metabolismo
8.
Int J Biol Macromol ; 263(Pt 1): 130293, 2024 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38382791

RESUMO

Cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) film is known to be one kind of dynamic color-sensing material, capable of reversible color changes in response to varying humidity levels. However, the brittleness, low hygroscopicity and poor homogeneity of these films have hindered their development. To address this limitation, we present a novel approach where we combine natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) with sorbitol under the influence of circular shear flow to craft a CNC humidity-sensitive film with enhanced flexibility, hygroscopicity and homogeneity. The inclusion of sorbitol and NADES enhances hygroscopicity and improves the flexibility. Surprisingly, the introduction of circular shear flow was found not only to improve homogeneity, macroscopically and microscopically, but also to further enhance flexibility, toughness, and water absorption capability. The resulting composite films demonstrated highly reversible color changes across the whole visible spectrum depending on the relative humidity, showing their capability to be reliable humidity-sensing materials. Thanks to the improved homogeneity and flexibility, the obtained humidity-sensing composite film can be employed in its entirety without the need for cutting, making it a promising candidate for various applications.


Assuntos
Celulose , Nanopartículas , Celulose/química , Umidade , Nanopartículas/química , Molhabilidade , Sorbitol
9.
Int J Biol Macromol ; 261(Pt 2): 129935, 2024 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38309389

RESUMO

Rice starch is a promising biopolymer for buccal formulations but typical oven drying may promote starch retrogradation that affects mechanical properties. Hence, lyophilisation was proposed here to improve starch product's stability. This study aims to investigate the effects of plasticisers (sorbitol and Tween® 80, T80) on the characteristics and drug release profiles of lyophilised rice starch wafers incorporated with propranolol hydrochloride. The wafers were prepared by lyophilising starch mixture (5%w/v) with plasticiser (0.2 and 0.3 g/g) and drug (10, 20, 30%w/w). Control wafers exhibited loose layers with rough wrinkled surface. Sorbitol resulted in a dense structure with higher puncture strength (PS) but lower water absorption capacity (WAC) while T80 loosened the flakes that reduced PS and increased WAC. Drug inclusion decreased PS and increased WAC of unplasticised wafers. T80-plasticised wafers with drug had a lower PS and higher WAC than sorbitol-plasticised wafers. Particularly, T80-plasticised wafers achieved outstandingly high PS and the lowest WAC at 30%w/w drug. Drug dissolution of wafers relied mainly on the drug crystallinity and WAC at 10 and 30%w/w drug. Plasticisers reduced and increased drug dissolution at 10 and 20%w/w drug, respectively. This study highlights the potential of lyophilisation in preparing rice starch wafers for buccal delivery.


Assuntos
Oryza , Polímeros , Tensoativos , Amido/química , Preparações Farmacêuticas , Sorbitol
10.
Acta Biomater ; 176: 221-233, 2024 Mar 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38242190

RESUMO

Intramyocardial hydrogel injection is a promising therapy to prevent negative remodeling following myocardial infarction (MI). In this study, we report a mechanism for in-situ gel formation without external stimulation, resulting in an injectable and tissue-retainable hydrogel for MI treatment, and investigate its therapeutic outcomes. A liquid-like polymeric solution comprising poly(3-acrylamidophenylboronic acid-co-acrylamide) (BAAm), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and sorbitol (S) increases the viscous modulus by reducing the pre-added sorbitol concentration is developed. This solution achieves a sol-gel transition in-vitro in heart tissue by spontaneously diffusing the sorbitol. After intramyocardial injection, the BAAm/PVA/S with lower initial viscous modulus widely spreads in the myocardium and gelate compared to a viscoelastic alginate (ALG) hydrogel and is retained longer than the BAAm/S solution. Serial echocardiogram analyses prove that injecting the BAAm/PVA/S into the hearts of subacute MI rats significantly increases the fraction shortening and ejection shortening and attenuates the expansion of systolic LV diameter for up to 21 d after injection compared to the saline injection as a control, but the ALG injection does not. In addition, histological evaluation shows that only the BAAm/PVA/S decreases the infarct size and increases the wall thickness 21 d after injection. The BAAm/PVA/S intramyocardial injection is better at restraining systolic ventricular dilatation and cardiac failure in the rat MI model than in the control groups. Our findings highlight an effective injectable hydrogel therapy for MI by optimizing injectability-dependent distribution and retention of injected material. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: In-situ gelling material is a promising strategy for intramyocardial hydrogel injection therapy for myocardial infarction (MI). Since the sol-gel transition of reported materials is driven by external stimulation such as temperature, pH, or ultraviolet, their application in vivo remains challenging. In this study, we first reported a synthetic in-situ gelling material (BAAm/PVA/S) whose gelation is stimulated by spontaneously reducing pre-added sorbitol after contacting the heart tissue. The BAAm/PVA/S solution spreads evenly, and is retained for at least 21 d in the heart tissue. Our study demonstrated that intramyocardial injection of the BAAm/PVA/S with more extensive distribution and longer retention had better effects on preventing LV dilation and improving cardiac function after MI than that of viscoelastic ALG and saline solution. We expect that these findings provide fundamental information for the optimum design of injectable biomaterials for treating MI.


Assuntos
Alprenolol/análogos & derivados , Hidrogel de Polietilenoglicol-Dimetacrilato , Infarto do Miocárdio , Ratos , Animais , Hidrogel de Polietilenoglicol-Dimetacrilato/uso terapêutico , Hidrogéis/farmacologia , Hidrogéis/uso terapêutico , Infarto do Miocárdio/patologia , Sorbitol/farmacologia , Sorbitol/uso terapêutico
11.
J Psychiatr Res ; 170: 283-289, 2024 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38185073

RESUMO

PURPOSE: Psychological impact of Medical Evacuation (MEDEVAC) in Covid-19 patients is undetermined. The objectives were to evaluate: Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) in MEDEVAC patients hospitalized in ICU for Covid-19-related acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) compared to control group; anxiety, depression rates and outcomes in patients and PTSD in relatives. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This is a retrospective multicentric 1/1 paired cohort performed in 10 ICUs in the West of France. Evaluation was performed 18 months after discharge. Patients and closest relatives performed IES-R (Impact and Event Scale-Revised) and/or HADS (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale) scales. RESULTS: Twenty-six patients were included in each group. Patients were 64 ± 11 years old, with 83% male. We report 12 vs 20% of PTSD in control vs MEDEVAC groups (p = 0.7). Anxiety disorder affected 43.5 vs 28.0% (p = 0.26) and depression 12.5 vs 14.3% (p > 0.99) in control vs MEDEVAC groups. PTSD affects 33.3 vs 42.1% of closest relatives (p = 0.55). Ways of communication were adapted: video calls were more frequent in MEDEVAC patients (8.7 vs 60.9%, p < 0.01) whereas physical visits concerned more control group (45.8 vs 13.0%, p = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: PTSD rate were similar between groups. Adaptive ways of communication, restricted visits and global uncertainties could explain the absence of differences.


Assuntos
COVID-19 , Síndrome do Desconforto Respiratório , Transtornos de Estresse Pós-Traumáticos , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Feminino , Estudos Retrospectivos , Depressão/etiologia , Depressão/psicologia , Transtornos de Estresse Pós-Traumáticos/epidemiologia , Transtornos de Estresse Pós-Traumáticos/psicologia , Ansiedade/etiologia , Ansiedade/psicologia , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva , Síndrome do Desconforto Respiratório/terapia , Sorbitol
12.
Orphanet J Rare Dis ; 19(1): 12, 2024 Jan 05.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38183105

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Hereditary fructose intolerance (HFI) is a rare metabolic disease caused by aldolase B deficiency. The aim of our study was to analyse excipient tolerability in patients with HFI and other related diseases and to design mobile and website health applications to facilitate the search for drugs according to their tolerance. RESULTS: A total of 555 excipients listed in the Spanish Medicines Agency database (July 2023) were classified as suitable for HFI patients, suitable with considerations ((glucose and glucose syrup, intravenous sucrose, oral mannitol, polydextrose, gums and carrageenans, ethanol, sulfite caramel and vanilla), not recommended (intravenous mannitol) and contraindicated (fructose, oral sucrose, invert sugar, sorbitol, maltitol, lactitol, isomaltitol, fruit syrups, honey, sucrose esters and sorbitol esters). Glucose and glucose syrup were classified as suitable with considerations due to its possible fructose content and their potential endogenous fructose production. For other related intolerances, wheat starch was contraindicated and oatmeal was not recommended in celiac disease; oral lactose and lactose-based coprocessed excipient (Cellactose®) were not recommended in lactose intolerance; and glucose, invert sugar and oral sucrose were not recommended in diabetes mellitus. The applications were named IntoMed®. Results are listed in order of tolerability (suitable drugs appear first and contraindicated drugs at the end), and they are accompanied by a note detailing their classified excipients. If a drug contains excipients within different categories, the overall classification will be the most restrictive. The apps are also able to classify substances with the same criteria if they act as active ingredients. The tools exhibited good usability (82.07 ± 13.46 points on the System Usability Scale [range: 0-100]) on a sample of HFI patients, their families and health care professionals. CONCLUSIONS: IntoMed® is a tool for finding information about the tolerability of drugs according to excipients for patients with HFI and other related intolerances, with good usability. It is a fast and reliable system that covers the current excipient legislation and expands on it with other specific information: HFI patients should be alert for excipients such as mannitol (especially in intravenous drugs), fruit syrups, honey, sulfite caramel or vanilla. Glucose might contain or produce fructose, and special precaution is needed because of potential errors in their composition.


Assuntos
Intolerância à Frutose , Humanos , Excipientes , Lactose , Frutose , Manitol , Sorbitol , Glucose , Sacarose , Sulfitos
13.
Food Res Int ; 177: 113870, 2024 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38225137

RESUMO

Browning can occur in the matrices of alditol and amino acids due to heating or long-term storage, which poses challenges in achieving the desired appearance stability. To investigate the mechanism of browning in the sorbitol-glycine system, we evaluated the evolution of typical intermediates, including glucose and α-dicarbonyl compounds (α-DCs), during heating at 100 ˚C. The browning index and intermediate products of the sorbitol-glycine system increased more rapidly compared to those of the sorbitol system. After heating for 10 h, the browning index of the sorbitol-glycine system was eight times higher than that of sorbitol alone. In the presence of glycine, sorbitol underwent continuous conversion into glucose. After 10 h of heating, the concentration of glucose in the sorbitol-glycine system reanched 726.6 mg/L, which was approximately 63 times higher than that in the sorbitol system. Mass spectrometry analysis revealed the presence of α-DCs such as 3-deoxyglucosone (3-DG), glyoxal (GO), methylglyoxal (MGO), 2,3-butanedione (2,3-BD), in the sorbitol-glycine system. These compounds were precursors of melanoidins, indicating the occurrence of the Maillard reaction and resulting in the browning of the system. Therefore, the browning process in the sorbitol-glycine system involved two stages of reactions: the conversion of sorbitol to glucose and the Maillard reaction between glucose and glycine.


Assuntos
Glucose , Reação de Maillard , Glucose/química , Glicina , Sorbitol , Calefação
14.
Arch Dis Child ; 109(2): 121-124, 2024 01 22.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37890960

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the regular use of xylitol, compared with sorbitol, to prevent acute otitis media (AOM), upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) and dental caries. DESIGN: Blinded randomised controlled trial with a 6-month study period. SETTING: Enrolment took place at 11 primary care practices in Ontario, Canada. PATIENTS: Children aged 1-5 years who did not use xylitol or sorbitol at enrolment. INTERVENTIONS: Children were randomly assigned to use a placebo syrup with sorbitol or xylitol syrup two times per day for 6 months. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Primary outcome was the number of clinician-diagnosed AOM episodes over 6 months. Secondary outcomes were caregiver-reported URTIs and dental caries. RESULTS: Among the 250 randomised children, the mean (SD) age was 38±14 months and there were 124 girls (50%). There were three clinician-diagnosed AOM episodes in the 125 placebo group participants and six in the 125 xylitol group participants (OR 2.04; 95% CI 0.43, 12.92; p=0.50). There was no difference in number of caregiver-reported URTI episodes (rate ratio (RR) 0.88; 95% CI 0.70, 1.11) between the placebo (4.2 per participant over 6 months; 95% CI 3.6, 5.0) and xylitol (3.7; 95% CI 3.2, 4.4) groups. Dental caries were reported for four participants in the placebo group and two in the xylitol group (OR 0.42; 95% CI 0.04, 3.05; p=0.42). In a post-hoc analysis of URTIs during the COVID-19 pandemic, the rate among the 59 participants receiving placebo was 2.3 per participant over 6 months (95% CI 1.8, 3.0) and for the 55 receiving xylitol, 1.3 over 6 months (95% CI 0.92, 1.82; RR 0.56; 95% CI 0.36, 0.87). The most common adverse event was diarrhoea (28% with placebo; 34% with xylitol). CONCLUSIONS: Regular use of xylitol did not prevent AOM, URTIs or dental caries in a trial with limited statistical power. A post-hoc analysis indicated that URTIs were less common with xylitol exposure during the COVID-19 pandemic, but this finding could be spurious. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT03055091.


Assuntos
Otite Média , Xilitol , Feminino , Humanos , Doença Aguda , COVID-19/epidemiologia , Cárie Dentária/epidemiologia , Cárie Dentária/prevenção & controle , Ontário/epidemiologia , Otite Média/epidemiologia , Otite Média/prevenção & controle , Pandemias , Sorbitol , Xilitol/uso terapêutico , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Masculino
15.
Plant J ; 117(3): 856-872, 2024 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37983569

RESUMO

Sorbitol is a critical photosynthate and storage substance in the Rosaceae family. Sorbitol transporters (SOTs) play a vital role in facilitating sorbitol allocation from source to sink organs and sugar accumulation in sink organs. While prior research has addressed gene duplications within the SOT gene family in Rosaceae, the precise origin and evolutionary dynamics of these duplications remain unclear, largely due to the complicated interplay of whole genome duplications and tandem duplications. Here, we investigated the synteny relationships among all identified Polyol/Monosaccharide Transporter (PLT) genes in 61 angiosperm genomes and SOT genes in representative genomes within the Rosaceae family. By integrating phylogenetic analyses, we elucidated the lineage-specific expansion and syntenic conservation of PLTs and SOTs across diverse plant lineages. We found that Rosaceae SOTs, as PLT family members, originated from a pair of tandemly duplicated PLT genes within Class III-A. Furthermore, our investigation highlights the role of lineage-specific and synergistic duplications in Amygdaloideae in contributing to the expansion of SOTs in Rosaceae plants. Collectively, our findings provide insights into the genomic origins, duplication events, and subsequent divergence of SOT gene family members. Such insights lay a crucial foundation for comprehensive functional characterizations in future studies.


Assuntos
Magnoliopsida , Rosaceae , Rosaceae/genética , Filogenia , Magnoliopsida/genética , Genoma de Planta/genética , Sorbitol , Evolução Molecular , Duplicação Gênica
16.
J Diabetes Complications ; 38(1): 108650, 2024 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38035640

RESUMO

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is increasing globally, and seeking therapeutic molecule targets is urgent. Several studies have demonstrated that IL-33 plays an important role in the progression of Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) with fibrosis and the proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, whether the inhibition of IL-33 signaling prevents NAFLD from progressing to NASH and HCC has not been clarified. We investigated the effects of a novel antibody, IL-33RAb, and luseogliflozin, a SGLT2 inhibitor, when administered to a model mouse for NASH and HCC, and their effects were compared to investigate the mechanisms of how IL-33 is involved in the pathogenesis of NASH progression. Compared with the positive control of luseogliflozin, inhibition of IL-33 signaling ameliorated decreasing hepatic fibrosis via decreasingαSMA and MCP-1, and also partially suppressed the progression of the HCC cell line in in vitro experiments. These findings suggest that inhibition of IL-33 possibly prevents progression from NASH to HCC, and their effect may be a newly arrived therapeutic agent.


Assuntos
Carcinoma Hepatocelular , Diabetes Mellitus , Neoplasias Hepáticas , Hepatopatia Gordurosa não Alcoólica , Inibidores do Transportador 2 de Sódio-Glicose , Sorbitol , Animais , Camundongos , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/prevenção & controle , Diabetes Mellitus/tratamento farmacológico , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Interleucina-33/metabolismo , Interleucina-33/uso terapêutico , Fígado/metabolismo , Cirrose Hepática/tratamento farmacológico , Cirrose Hepática/etiologia , Cirrose Hepática/prevenção & controle , Neoplasias Hepáticas/prevenção & controle , Hepatopatia Gordurosa não Alcoólica/complicações , Hepatopatia Gordurosa não Alcoólica/tratamento farmacológico , Hepatopatia Gordurosa não Alcoólica/metabolismo , Inibidores do Transportador 2 de Sódio-Glicose/farmacologia , Inibidores do Transportador 2 de Sódio-Glicose/uso terapêutico , Sorbitol/análogos & derivados
17.
J Pharm Sci ; 113(3): 725-734, 2024 03.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37690776

RESUMO

This study proposes the application of carboxymethyl starch derivatives as tablet coatings affording gastro-protection. Carboxymethyl starch (CMS) films were obtained by casting of aqueous filmogenic starch solutions with or without plasticizers and their structural organization was followed using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD). Together with data from mechanical tests (tensile strength, elongation, Young's modulus) the results were used to select filmogenic formulations adapted for coatings of tablets. The behaviour of these films was evaluated in simulated gastric and intestinal fluids. The effect of plasticizers (glycerol and sorbitol) on the starch organization, on the rate of drying of the films and on the water vapor absorption was also analyzed. Various types of starch have been compared and the best results were found with high amylose starch (HAS) that was carboxymethylated in an aqueous phase to obtain carboxymethyl high amylose starch (CMHAS). The CMHAS coating solutions containing sorbitol or glycerol as plasticizers have been applied with an industrial pan coater and the final tablets exhibited a good gastro-resistance (up to 2h) in simulated gastric fluid followed by disintegration in simulated intestinal fluid (SIF). The CMHAS derivatives present a high potential as coatings for nutraceutical and pharmaceutical solid dosage forms.


Assuntos
Amilose , Plastificantes , Amido/análogos & derivados , Amilose/química , Plastificantes/química , Glicerol/química , Amido/química , Comprimidos , Sorbitol
18.
Food Chem ; 438: 137977, 2024 Apr 16.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37976874

RESUMO

Films based on poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and cationic starch (CS) were combined with different percentages of sorbitol (S; 15.0, 22.5, and 30.0% w v-1) to assess the effect of plasticizer on the films. Spectroscopic analyses confirmed the interaction between them. However, micrographs indicated the formation of sorbitol crystals on the surface of the films, especially at higher sorbitol concentrations. The blends presented low water vapor transmission rate values, reaching (7.703 ± 0.000) g h-1 m-2 (PVA75CS25S15), and low solubility values for the films containing higher CS amounts. The lack of statistical differences in most parameters suggests that no significant gain comes from increasing the amount of sorbitol at percentages higher than 15%. As a coating, the blend PVA75CS25S15 successfully decreased the loss of moisture content in acerolas by 1.15 times (compared to the control), confirming the suitability of this matrix as a fruit coating.


Assuntos
Álcool de Polivinil , Amido , Amido/química , Álcool de Polivinil/química , Plastificantes/química , Análise Espectral , Etanol , Sorbitol
19.
J Exp Zool A Ecol Integr Physiol ; 341(2): 193-202, 2024 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38149458

RESUMO

Although several aspects like diapause determining factors, population structure, reproductive physiology, and genetics of diapause have been investigated, there is no clarity on carbohydrate energetics during larval diapause in Chilo partellus (Swinhoe). Present studies revealed significant variation between the nondiapausing and diapausing C. partellus for total carbohydrates, glycogen, sorbitol, and trehalose contents in different body parts, life stages, and for body parts × life stages interaction. Total carbohydrate content started declining, while sorbitol and trehalose increased in all the body parts as the C. partellus larvae progressed from prediapausing to diapausing state. However, glycogen content spiked in all the body parts at prediapausing stage, which then declined during diapause. Among the body parts, total carbohydrate content was significantly greater in the hemolymph as compared to other body parts of both larvae and pupae of C. partellus. Glycogen content was significantly greater in the larval fat bodies and pupal hemolymph as compared to their other body parts. In diapausing larvae, sorbitol and trehalose were greater in the integument than in other body parts. Furthermore, there was spike in trehalose and decrease in sorbitol in all the body parts of pupae from diapausing than those from nondiapausing larvae. These findings suggest that the diapause alterate and/or fluctuate major carbohydrates in different body parts of both larvae and pupae of C. partellus. This information will be helpful in better understanding the diapause energetics and overwintering metabolic cryoprotection in insects.


Assuntos
Diapausa , Mariposas , Animais , Trealose , Mariposas/fisiologia , Larva/fisiologia , Sorbitol , Glicogênio
20.
Mar Environ Res ; 194: 106316, 2024 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38150789

RESUMO

Ocean acidification has increased due to the enhanced solubility of CO2 in seawater. Mangrove macroalgae in tropical and subtropical coastal regions can benefit from the higher availability of CO2 for photosynthesis and primary production. However, they can be negatively affected by the simultaneously occurring warming and increased salinity in estuaries. Thus, we analyzed the isolated effects of ocean acidification and the interactive effects of increased temperature and salinity on the low molecular weight carbohydrate (LMWC) contents of the mangrove red macroalgae Bostrychia montagnei and Bostrychia calliptera from Brazilian tropical and subtropical populations. Specimens from both climatic niches were tolerant to pH decreased by CO2 enrichment and enhanced their LMWC contents under increased availability of CO2. Specimens from both climatic niches also accumulated their dulcitol and sorbitol contents to cope with warming and salt stress. Nevertheless, temperature of 34 °C was lethal for tropical macroalgae, while 29 °C and 31 °C were lethal for subtropical B. calliptera under salinity of 35. Tropical and subtropical B. montagnei synthesized dulcitol (5-110 mmol kg-1 dry weight) and sorbitol (5-100 mmol kg-1 dry weight) as osmoregulatory, energy and thermal protection compounds, whereas tropical and subtropical B. calliptera synthesized mainly dulcitol (10-210 mmol kg-1 dry weight). Although digeneaside has an energy function in Bostrychia spp., it is not an osmolyte or thermal protection compound. Our data demonstrated that both tropical and subtropical Bostrychia spp. benefit from ocean acidification by CO2 enrichment, increasing their LMWC contents. However, warming and increased salinity in estuaries will be detrimental to them, even they producing protective metabolites. Multifactorial approaches are recommended to investigate whether negative effects of increased temperature and salinity nullify positive effects of ocean acidification on these Bostrychia species/populations.


Assuntos
Água do Mar , Alga Marinha , Água do Mar/química , Salinidade , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Dióxido de Carbono/análise , Acidificação dos Oceanos , Peso Molecular , Temperatura , Carboidratos , Sorbitol , Galactitol , Oceanos e Mares , Aquecimento Global
SELEÇÃO DE REFERÊNCIAS
DETALHE DA PESQUISA
...