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1.
Food Microbiol ; 120: 104476, 2024 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38431322

RESUMO

Globally, the spread of multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Klebsiella pneumoniae from food to humans poses a severe threat to public health. The aim of this study was to assess the co-occurrence of colistin and ß-lactamase resistance genes in E. coli, K. pneumoniae, and P. aeruginosa strains isolated from faeces of abattoir broiler chickens. The E. coli, P. aeruginosa and K. pneumoniae isolates were successfully detected from faecal samples by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) at infection rates of 60.7%, 22.5% and 16.7% respectively. The isolates displayed the highest levels of antibiotic resistance (AR) against ampicillin (82.3%) and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (74.2%) for E. coli, followed by cefoxitin (70.6%) for K. pneumoniae, whilst P. aeruginosa displayed 26.1% antibiotic resistance (AR) against both ampicillin and colistin sulphate. The colistin mcr-1 gene was harboured by 46.8%, 47.1% and 21.7%, E. coli, K. pneumonia and P. aeruginosa isolates respectively. Ten out of 62 (16.1%), 6/17 (35.3%), 4/23 (17.4%) isolates were phenotypically classified as ESBL E. coli, K. pneumoniae, and P. aeruginosa respectively. The ESBL-E. coli isolates respectively possessed blaCTX-M (60%), blaTEM (20%) and blaCTX-M-9 (10%) genes. The ESBL-K. pneumoniae harboured, blaCTX-M (50%), blaOXA (33%), blaCARB (17%), and blaCTX-M-9 (17%) genes respectively, whilst, P. aeruginosa isolates respectively carried blaTEM (75%), blaCTX-M (50%), blaOXA (25%) and blaCARB (25%) genes. Molecular analysis identified the blaCTX-Mß-lactamase-encoding genes collectively from E. coli, P. aeruginosa, K. pneumoniae isolates. Colistin and ß-lactamase genes were present in only 16.7%, 6.9%, and 2.9% of E. coli, K. pneumoniae, and P. aeruginosa isolates, respectively. A total of 17, 7 and 3 isolates for E. coli, K. pneumoniae and P. aeruginosa respectively carried both colistin and ß-lactamase antibiotics resistant genes. This is a public health threat that points to a challenge in the treatment of infections caused by these zoonotic bacteria. Data generated from this study will contribute to formulation of new strategies for combating spread of E. coli, K. pneumoniae, and P. aeruginosa isolates as well as prevention of their AR development.


Assuntos
Infecções por Escherichia coli , Escherichia coli , Humanos , Animais , Klebsiella pneumoniae/genética , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/genética , Galinhas , Colistina/farmacologia , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana/genética , beta-Lactamases/genética , Infecções por Escherichia coli/microbiologia , Ampicilina , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana
2.
Clin Lab ; 70(3)2024 Mar 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38469790

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: This case involves a 28-year-old pregnant woman (39w+2) who was admitted to obstetrics due to abdominal tightness and bacteremia with Gardnerella vaginalis which developed after caesarean section and vaginal myomectomy. METHODS: A blood culture was performed, and the bacteria were identified through mass spectrometry. RESULTS: Mass spectrometry data indicated that the infection bacteria were Gardnerella vaginalis. The patient's temperature returned to normal after oral ampicillin in combination with clindamycin. CONCLUSIONS: Gardnerella vaginalis bacteremia is very rare in clinical practice, and the combination of ampicillin and clindamycin has a good therapeutic effect. This study may provide a reference for the diagnosis and treatment of Gardnerella vaginalis bacteremia.


Assuntos
Bacteriemia , Miomectomia Uterina , Vaginose Bacteriana , Feminino , Gravidez , Humanos , Adulto , Gardnerella vaginalis , Gestantes , Clindamicina/uso terapêutico , Cesárea/efeitos adversos , Ampicilina/uso terapêutico , Bacteriemia/diagnóstico , Bacteriemia/tratamento farmacológico , Bacteriemia/microbiologia , Vaginose Bacteriana/tratamento farmacológico , Vagina
3.
Wei Sheng Yan Jiu ; 53(1): 55-59, 2024 Jan.
Artigo em Chinês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38443172

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the virulence genes and antimicrobial resistance of Bacillus cereus from the pre-packaged pastries in Taizhou city. METHODS: 500 pre-packaged patries were collected in taizhou city market. 97 Bacillus cereus strains were detected from them by GB 4789.14-2014 method and identified with 4 houseking genes, then 13 virulence genes were detected by polymerase chain reaction(PCR)method and the antimicrobial resistance of Bacillus cereus to 19 antibiotics was detected by paper diffusion method. RESULTS: The result showed that the contamination rate of Bacillus cereus was 19.4% in 500 pre-packaged pastries. The detection rate of four housekeeping genes groEL, gyr B, rpoB and Vrr were 100%, 94.8%, 97.9% and 96.9%, respectively, and 89.7% at the same time. The virulence gene test result showed that the detection rate of nheABC, entFM, bceT, cytK and hblABCD were 91.8%, 88.7%, 61.9%, 51.6% and 25.8%, emetic virulence genes had the lowest detection rate, ces and EMl were 4.1%, cer was 5.2%. 97 Bacillus cereus strains show different degrees of drug resistance to 14 antimicrobials, the resistance rates to penicillin, ampicillin, cefotaxime and cotrimoxazole were higher than 95%, but they were completely sensitive to streptomycin, vancomycin and chloramphenicol. CONCLUSION: There is a risk of contamination by diarrhea-type Bacillus cereus and vomiting-type Bacillus cereus in prepackaged pastries in Taizhou. The isolated and identified Bacillus cereus has multiple-drug resistance.


Assuntos
Antibacterianos , Bacillus cereus , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Bacillus cereus/genética , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana/genética , Virulência/genética , Ampicilina
4.
J Med Microbiol ; 73(3)2024 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38506266

RESUMO

Listeriosis is a foodborne infection in humans caused by Listeria monocytogenes. Consumption of contaminated food can lead to severe infection in vulnerable patients, that can be fatal. Clinical manifestations include sepsis and meningitis, and in pregnancy-associated infection, miscarriage and stillbirth. Diagnosis is confirmed by culture and identification of the pathogen from blood, cerebrospinal fluid, vaginal swab, placenta or amniotic fluid. Treatment regimens recommend amoxicillin, ampicillin or an aminoglycoside. Virulence factors mediate bacterial adhesion and invasion of gut epithelial cells. Other factors mediate biofilm formation and tolerance to low temperatures and high salt concentrations facilitating persistence and survival in the environment.


Assuntos
Listeria monocytogenes , Listeriose , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez , Gravidez , Feminino , Humanos , Listeriose/microbiologia , Ampicilina , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Microbiologia de Alimentos
5.
BMC Genomics ; 25(1): 287, 2024 Mar 18.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38500034

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) remains a significant global health threat particularly impacting low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). These regions often grapple with limited healthcare resources and access to advanced diagnostic tools. Consequently, there is a pressing need for innovative approaches that can enhance AMR surveillance and management. Machine learning (ML) though underutilized in these settings, presents a promising avenue. This study leverages ML models trained on whole-genome sequencing data from England, where such data is more readily available, to predict AMR in E. coli, targeting key antibiotics such as ciprofloxacin, ampicillin, and cefotaxime. A crucial part of our work involved the validation of these models using an independent dataset from Africa, specifically from Uganda, Nigeria, and Tanzania, to ascertain their applicability and effectiveness in LMICs. RESULTS: Model performance varied across antibiotics. The Support Vector Machine excelled in predicting ciprofloxacin resistance (87% accuracy, F1 Score: 0.57), Light Gradient Boosting Machine for cefotaxime (92% accuracy, F1 Score: 0.42), and Gradient Boosting for ampicillin (58% accuracy, F1 Score: 0.66). In validation with data from Africa, Logistic Regression showed high accuracy for ampicillin (94%, F1 Score: 0.97), while Random Forest and Light Gradient Boosting Machine were effective for ciprofloxacin (50% accuracy, F1 Score: 0.56) and cefotaxime (45% accuracy, F1 Score:0.54), respectively. Key mutations associated with AMR were identified for these antibiotics. CONCLUSION: As the threat of AMR continues to rise, the successful application of these models, particularly on genomic datasets from LMICs, signals a promising avenue for improving AMR prediction to support large AMR surveillance programs. This work thus not only expands our current understanding of the genetic underpinnings of AMR but also provides a robust methodological framework that can guide future research and applications in the fight against AMR.


Assuntos
Antibacterianos , Escherichia coli , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Escherichia coli/genética , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana/genética , Ciprofloxacina/farmacologia , Ciprofloxacina/uso terapêutico , Ampicilina , Cefotaxima , Aprendizado de Máquina , Nigéria
6.
Protein Sci ; 33(4): e4919, 2024 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38501433

RESUMO

Protein-protein interactions (PPIs) are central to many cellular processes, and the identification of novel PPIs is a critical step in the discovery of protein therapeutics. Simple methods to identify naturally existing or laboratory evolved PPIs are therefore valuable research tools. We have developed a facile selection that links PPI-dependent ß-lactamase recruitment on the surface of Escherichia coli with resistance to ampicillin. Bacteria displaying a protein that forms a complex with a specific protein-ß-lactamase fusion are protected from ampicillin-dependent cell death. In contrast, bacteria that do not recruit ß-lactamase to the cell surface are killed by ampicillin. Given its simplicity and tunability, we anticipate this selection will be a valuable addition to the palette of methods for illuminating and interrogating PPIs.


Assuntos
Ampicilina , beta-Lactamases , beta-Lactamases/genética , beta-Lactamases/metabolismo , Ampicilina/farmacologia , Ampicilina/metabolismo , Bactérias/metabolismo , Escherichia coli/genética , Escherichia coli/metabolismo , Membrana Celular/metabolismo , Antibacterianos/metabolismo
7.
J Infect Dev Ctries ; 18(2): 219-226, 2024 Feb 29.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38484340

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical characteristics and prognostic risk factors for Klebsiella pneumoniae bloodstream infections in immunocompetent patients. METHODS: The study included patients with K. pneumoniae bloodstream infection treated in Zhongda Hospital from June 2016 to June 2021. Clinical data and antibiotic susceptibility test results were retrospectively collected and analyzed. Independent risk factors for mortality were screened using the chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS: A total of 152 patients were included in the analysis. In our cohort, 77.6% of patients were older than 60 years, and 80.9% of them had community-acquired infections. The most common complications were type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and stroke sequelae. The proportion of patients with septic shock or abscesses was 34.9% and 25.7%, respectively. There were significant differences in the site of infection, septic shock, and serum levels of procalcitonin, hypersensitive C-reactive protein, D-dimer, creatinine, and lactic acid between survivors and non-survivors (p < 0.05). Multivariate regression analysis showed that hospital-acquired infections, septic shock, length of hospital stay, and creatinine levels were independent risk factors for mortality. Antibiotic susceptibility test results indicated that clinical outcomes varied depending on bacterial sensitivity to ampicillin/sulbactam. DISCUSSION: Klebsiella pneumoniae is a common community-acquired and hospital-acquired bacteria and usually infects older people with complications such as diabetes. Nosocomial infections, length of stay, septic shock, and renal insufficiency are potentially associated with poor prognosis. Bacterial susceptibility to ampicillin/sulbactam affects prognosis.


Assuntos
Bacteriemia , Infecção Hospitalar , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Infecções por Klebsiella , Sepse , Choque Séptico , Humanos , Idoso , Klebsiella pneumoniae , Estudos Retrospectivos , Sulbactam/uso terapêutico , Creatinina , Bacteriemia/microbiologia , Infecções por Klebsiella/microbiologia , Fatores de Risco , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Infecção Hospitalar/microbiologia , Sepse/tratamento farmacológico , Ampicilina/uso terapêutico
8.
J Infect Dev Ctries ; 18(2): 227-234, 2024 Feb 29.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38484341

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Extensively drug resistant (XDR) strains of the Salmonella lineages have been reported to spread from Africa to South Asia. XDR strains are resistant to fluoroquinolones, chloramphenicol, co-trimoxazole, and ampicillin, resulting in treatment failure. The objectives of this study included the investigation of transmission of S. Typhi lineages and the identification of the potentially contaminated sources of the XDR typhoid outbreak from different urban areas by using molecular techniques. METHODOLOGY: Environmental samples, including food samples, were collected from different towns and the susceptibility of each isolate to the antimicrobial agents was examined. Molecular identification of different Salmonella lineages including S. Typhi, S. Paratyphi A, H58, and XDR was carried out through multiplex PCR. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: A total of 328 environmental samples including raw vegetables, water, and bakery items were collected. More than half of the tested samples (64%) found harboring Salmonella spp. The Salmonella was confirmed through PCR amplification of species-specific markers that showed the presence of S. Typhi (40%), S. Paratyphi A (8%), H58 (7%), and XDR S. Typhi (6%). Raw vegetables had the highest number of Salmonella spp., indicating consumption of raw vegetables as a possible source of salmonellosis. XDR status was also affirmed through phenotypic antimicrobial susceptibility testing.


Assuntos
Salmonella typhi , Febre Tifoide , Verduras , Febre Tifoide/epidemiologia , Febre Tifoide/tratamento farmacológico , Ampicilina/uso terapêutico , Cloranfenicol/uso terapêutico , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana
9.
Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob ; 23(1): 14, 2024 Feb 13.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38350903

RESUMO

PURPOSE: This study aimed to characterise the whole-genome structure of two clinical Klebsiella pneumoniae strains co-harbouring mcr-8.1 and tmexCD1-toprJ1, both resistant to colistin and tigecycline. METHODS: K. pneumoniae strains TGC-02 (ST656) and TGC-05 (ST273) were isolated from urine samples of different patients hospitalised at separate times in 2021. Characterisation involved antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST), conjugation assays, whole-genome sequencing (WGS), and bioinformatics analysis. Comparative genomic analysis was conducted on mcr-8.1-carrying and tmexCD1-toprJ1-carrying plasmids. RESULTS: Both K. pneumoniae isolates displayed a multidrug-resistant phenotype, exhibiting resistance or reduced susceptibility to ampicillin, ampicillin/sulbactam, cefazolin, aztreonam, amikacin, gentamicin, tobramycin, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, nitrofurantoin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, apramycin, tigecycline and colistin. WGS analysis revealed that clinical strain TGC-02 carried the TmexCD1-toprJ1 gene on a 200-Kb IncFII/IncFIB-type plasmid, while mcr-8 was situated on a 146-Kb IncFII-type plasmid. In clinical strain TGC-05, TmexCD1-toprJ1 was found on a 300-Kb IncFIB/IncHI1B/IncR-type plasmid, and mcr-8 was identified on a 137-Kb IncFII/IncFIA-type plasmid. Conjugation experiments assessed the transferability of these plasmids. While transconjugants were not obtained for TGC-05 despite multiple screening with tigecycline or colistin, pTGC-02-tmex and pTGC-02-mcr8 from clinical K. pneumoniae TGC-02 demonstrated self-transferability through conjugation. Notably, the rearrangement of pTGC-02-tmex and pTGC-02-mcr8 via IS26-based homologous recombination was observed. Moreover, the conjugative and fusion plasmids of the transconjugant co-harboured the tmexCD1-toprJ1 gene cluster and mcr-8.1, potentially resulting from IS26-based homologous recombination. CONCLUSION: The emergence of colistin- and tigecycline-resistant K. pneumoniae strains is concerning, and effective surveillance measures should be implemented to prevent further dissemination.


Assuntos
Amicacina , Colistina , Humanos , Colistina/farmacologia , Tigeciclina , Ampicilina , Aztreonam , Klebsiella pneumoniae/genética , Plasmídeos/genética , Antibacterianos/farmacologia
10.
Eur J Med Chem ; 268: 116235, 2024 Mar 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38377828

RESUMO

With the aim to identify new antiviral agents with antibacterial properties, a series of 2-quinolone-1,2,3-triazole derivatives bearing α-aminophosphonates was synthesized and characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, 31P NMR, single crystal XRD and HRMS analyses. These compounds were examined against five RNA viruses (YFV, ZIKV, CHIKV, EV71 and HRV) from three distinct families (Picornaviridae, Togaviridae and Flaviviridae) and four bacterial strains (S. aureus, E. feacalis, E. coli and P. aeruginosa). The α-aminophosphonates 4f, 4i, 4j, 4k, 4p and 4q recorded low IC50 values of 6.8-10.91 µM, along with elevated selectivity indices ranging from 2 to more than 3, particularly against YFV, CHIKV and HRV-B14. Besides, the synthesized compounds were generally more sensitive toward Gram-positive bacteria, with the majority of them displaying significant potency against E. feacalis. Specifically, an excellent anti-enterococcus activity was obtained by compound 4q with MIC and MBC values of 0.03 µmol/mL, which were 8.7 and 10 times greater than those of the reference drugs ampicillin and rifampicin, respectively. Also, compounds 4f, 4p and 4q showed potent anti-staphylococcal activity with MIC values varying between 0.11 and 0.13 µmol/mL, compared to 0.27 µmol/mL for ampicillin. The results from DFT and molecular docking simulations were in agreement with the biological assays, proving the binding capability of hybrids 4f, 4i, 4j, 4k, 4p and 4q with viral and bacterial target enzymes through hydrogen bonds and other non-covalent interactions. The in silico ADME/Tox prediction revealed that these molecules possess moderate to good drug-likeness and pharmacokinetic properties, with a minimal chance of causing liver toxicity or carcinogenic effects.


Assuntos
Hidroxiquinolinas , Quinolonas , Infecção por Zika virus , Zika virus , Humanos , Antibacterianos/química , Estrutura Molecular , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Triazóis/farmacologia , Staphylococcus aureus , Simulação de Acoplamento Molecular , Escherichia coli , Ampicilina/farmacologia , Antivirais/farmacologia , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana
11.
BMC Genomics ; 25(1): 178, 2024 Feb 14.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38355437

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Disease (AHPND) causes significant mortality in shrimp aquaculture. The infection is primarily instigated by Vibrio parahaemolyticus (Vp) strains carrying a plasmid encoding the binary toxin PirAB. Yet, comprehension of supplementary virulence factors associated with this relatively recent disease remains limited. Furthermore, the same holds for gastroenteritis in humans caused by other Vp genotypes. Additionally, given the prevalent use of antibiotics to combat bacterial infections, it becomes imperative to illuminate the presence of antimicrobial resistance genes within these bacteria. RESULTS: A subsampled number of 1,036 Vp genomes was screened for the presence of antimicrobial resistance genes, revealing an average prevalence of 5 ± 2 (SD) genes. Additional phenotypic antimicrobial susceptibility testing of three Vp strains (M0904, TW01, and PV1) sequenced in this study demonstrated resistance to ampicillin by all tested strains. Additionally, Vp M0904 showed multidrug resistance (against ampicillin, tetracycline, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole). With a focus on AHPND, a screening of all Vibrio spp. for the presence of pirA and/or pirB indicates an estimated prevalence of 0.6%, including four V. campbellii, four V. owensii, and a Vibrio sp. next to Vp. Their pirAB-encoding plasmids exhibited a highly conserved backbone, with variations primarily in the region of the Tn3 family transposase. Furthermore, an assessment of the subsampled Vp genomes for the presence of known virulence factors showed a correlation between the presence of the Type 3 Secretion System 2 and tdh, while the presence of the Type 6 Secretion System 1 was clade dependent. Furthermore, a genome-wide association study (GWAS) unveiled (new) genes associated with pirA, pirB, tdh, and trh genotypes. Notable associations with the pirAB genotype included outer membrane proteins, immunoglobulin-like domain containing proteins, and toxin-antitoxin systems. For the tdh + /trh + genotypes (containing tdh, trh, or both genes), associations were found with T3SS2 genes, urease-related genes and nickel-transport system genes, and genes involved in a 'minimal' type I-F CRISPR mechanism. CONCLUSIONS: This study highlights the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes in Vp, identifying novel genetic markers associated with AHPND and tdh + /trh + genotypes. These findings contribute valuable insights into the genomic basis of these genotypes, with implications for shrimp aquaculture and food safety.


Assuntos
Penaeidae , Vibrio parahaemolyticus , Humanos , Animais , Vibrio parahaemolyticus/genética , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Marcadores Genéticos , Estudo de Associação Genômica Ampla , Prevalência , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana/genética , Genômica , Genótipo , Fatores de Virulência/genética , Ampicilina , Necrose , Penaeidae/genética , Penaeidae/microbiologia
12.
Vet Microbiol ; 291: 110015, 2024 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38340554

RESUMO

A total of 10,890 bacterial isolates of Streptococcus dysgalactiae, Streptococcus uberis, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli isolated as etiological agents from dairy cows with mastitis by 29 veterinary laboratories across North America between 2011 and 2022 were tested for in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility by broth microdilution to ampicillin, cefoperazone, ceftiofur, cephalothin, erythromycin, oxacillin, penicillin-novobiocin and pirlimycin according to CLSI standards. Using available clinical breakpoints, antimicrobial resistance among S. dysgalactiae (n = 2406) was low for penicillin-novobiocin (0% resistance), ceftiofur (0.1%), erythromycin (3.2%) and pirlimycin (4.6%). Among S. uberis (n = 2398), resistance was low for ampicillin (0%) and ceftiofur (0.2%) and moderate for erythromycin (11.9%) and pirlimycin (18.4%). For S. aureus (n = 3194), resistance was low for penicillin-novobiocin (0%), ceftiofur (0.1%), oxacillin (0.2%), erythromycin (0.7%), cefoperazone (1.2%) and pirlimycin (2.8%). For E. coli (n = 2892), resistance was low for ceftiofur (2.8%) and cefoperazone (3.4%) and moderate for ampicillin (9.2%). Overall, the results indicate that mastitis pathogens in the United States and Canada have not shown any substantial changes in the in vitro susceptibility to antimicrobial drugs over the 12 years of the study, or among that of the proceeding survey from 2002-2010. The data support the conclusion that resistance to common antimicrobial drugs among mastitis pathogens, even to drugs that have been used in dairies for mastitis management for many years, continues to remain low.


Assuntos
Anti-Infecciosos , Doenças dos Bovinos , Cefalosporinas , Mastite Bovina , Feminino , Bovinos , Animais , Staphylococcus aureus , Escherichia coli , Cefoperazona , Novobiocina , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana/veterinária , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , América do Norte , Eritromicina , Ampicilina , Oxacilina , Mastite Bovina/epidemiologia , Mastite Bovina/microbiologia
13.
Prev Vet Med ; 224: 106139, 2024 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38341943

RESUMO

Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) represents one of the main current threats to global public health; where production animals, companion animals, humans, and the environment play a significant role in its dissemination. However, little attention has been given to companion animals as reservoirs and disseminators of relevant antimicrobial resistant bacteria, especially in South American countries such as Chile. For this reason, this research aimed to estimate the prevalence of AMR to different critical antibiotics at a screening level in commensal bacteria such as E. coli and Enterococcus spp., isolated from healthy pet dogs in the Metropolitan Region of Chile, studying their geographical distribution and evaluating associations of phenotypic resistance to different antibiotics. Thus, in E. coli we detected AMR to all critical drugs assessed, including 34.1% to amoxicillin, 20.1% to colistin, 15.7% to enrofloxacin, and 9.2% to cefotaxime. On the other hand, AMR prevalence in E. faecalis was 8.1% for ampicillin and 3.4% for vancomycin; while for E. faecium the AMR prevalence was 19.1% for ampicillin and 10.2% for vancomycin. Additionally, significant differences in prevalence of the different possible AMR were detected according to their geographical distribution, suggesting the existence of various risk factors and stressing the need to establish mitigation measures specific to the differences identified.


Assuntos
Antibacterianos , Enterococcus faecium , Cães , Animais , Humanos , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Enterococcus faecalis , Vancomicina , Escherichia coli , Chile/epidemiologia , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana , Ampicilina , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana/veterinária
14.
Environ Sci Process Impacts ; 26(3): 595-610, 2024 Mar 20.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38323594

RESUMO

The presence of antimicrobials in water has grown into a major global health concern. This study thus focused on the presence, ecological implications, and potential health risks associated with nine antimicrobials: five antibiotics (ampicillin, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, metronidazole, and tetracycline) and four parabens (methylparaben, ethylparaben, propylparaben, and butylparaben) in surface water and groundwater samples collected from three Southwestern States in Nigeria (Osun, Oyo, and Lagos States). These antimicrobials were widely detected across the three States with ciprofloxacin being the most dominant having maximum average concentrations of 189 µg L-1 and 319 µg L-1 in surface water and groundwater respectively. The range of average concentrations of antibiotics in surface water are 47.3-235 µg L-1 (Osun), 27.9-166 µg L-1 (Oyo) and 52.1-159 µg L-1 (Lagos). For groundwater, it is 35.3-180 µg L-1 (Osun), 26.5-181 µg L-1 (Oyo) and 32.3-319 µg L-1 (Lagos). The average concentrations of all parabens were 32.4-153 µg L-1, 53.4-80.1 µg L-1, and 83.2-132 µg L-1 for surface water and 46.7-55.7 µg L-1, 53-117 µg L-1, and 62.4-118 µg L-1 for groundwater in Osun, Oyo, and Lagos States respectively. Methylparaben was most frequently detected paraben with average concentrations of 153 µg L-1 and 117 µg L-1 in surface water and groundwater respectively. The measured environmental concentrations of these antimicrobials pose a significant ecological risk while those of ciprofloxacin and ampicillin pose a high health risk to all population groups studied. The average concentrations of antibiotics investigated in this study exceeded their threshold values for Predicted No-Effect Concentrations (PNEC) associated with resistance selection, except for tetracycline.


Assuntos
Água Subterrânea , Poluentes Químicos da Água , Parabenos/análise , Água , Nigéria , Medição de Risco , Antibacterianos/análise , Tetraciclina , Ciprofloxacina , Ampicilina , Poluentes Químicos da Água/análise , Monitoramento Ambiental
15.
ACS Appl Bio Mater ; 7(3): 1990-1999, 2024 Mar 18.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38363728

RESUMO

The increasing severity of problems posed by drug-resistant pathogens has compelled researchers to explore innovative approaches for infection prevention. Among these strategies, conjugation methods stand out for their convenience and high efficacy. In this study, multiple covalent conjugates were synthesized, incorporating the natural antimicrobial peptide epsilon-poly-l-lysine (EPL) and two commonly used ß-lactam antibiotics: penicillin G or ampicillin. Enhanced antimicrobial efficacy against typical Gram-negative pathogens, along with faster kill kinetics compared to combination approaches, was demonstrated by the EPL-Ampicillin covalent conjugates. Their antimicrobial mechanism was also substantiated through SEM and fluorescence tests in this work, confirming the inheritance of membrane-disrupting properties from EPL. Furthermore, the excellent biocompatibility of the raw materials was reserved in the covalent conjugates. This simplified conjugation method holds promise for the development of infection therapeutic drugs and potentially restores the sensitivity of conventional antibiotics to drug-resistant pathogens by introducing membrane-disrupting mechanisms.


Assuntos
Polilisina , Polilisina/farmacologia , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Antibacterianos/química , Ampicilina/farmacologia , Penicilina G , Monobactamas
16.
Am J Case Rep ; 25: e943030, 2024 Feb 18.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38368503

RESUMO

BACKGROUND Actinomycosis is a clinically significant but uncommon infectious disease caused by anaerobic commensals of Actinomyces species, and the incidence of thoracic empyema is rare. We report an extremely rare case of empyema caused by Actinomyces naeslundii (A. naeslundii). CASE REPORT A 39-year-old man presented to our hospital with fever and dyspnea. He had massive pleural effusion and was diagnosed with a left lower-lobe abscess and left thoracic empyema. Thoracic drainage was performed and Ampicillin/Sulbactam was administered for 3 weeks. Four years later, the patient presented with back pain, and chest X-ray showed increased left pleural effusion. After close examination, malignant pleural mesothelioma was suspected, and computed tomography-guided needle biopsy was performed, which yielded a viscous purulent pleural effusion with numerous greenish-yellow sulfur granules. A. naeslundii was identified through anaerobic culture. Thoracoscopic surgery of the empyema cavity was conducted, and Ampicillin/Sulbactam followed by Amoxicillin/Clavulanate was administered for approximately 6 months. No recurrence has been observed for 1 year since the surgical procedure. CONCLUSIONS Actinomyces empyema is a rare condition, and this case is the second reported occurrence of empyema caused by A. naeslundii. The visual identification of sulfur granules contributed to the diagnosis. Long-term antibiotic therapy plays a crucial role in treatment.


Assuntos
Empiema Pleural , Empiema , Derrame Pleural , Masculino , Humanos , Adulto , Sulbactam/uso terapêutico , Empiema Pleural/diagnóstico , Actinomyces , Ampicilina/uso terapêutico , Enxofre
17.
BMC Infect Dis ; 24(1): 191, 2024 Feb 13.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38350855

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Food borne diseases is a challenging problem nowadays. Salmonella and Shigella species are great concern of food-born outbreaks. Thus, this study was aimed to assess the prevalence, antimicrobial susceptibility test and associated factors of Salmonella and Shigella species in fruit juices and salads. METHODS: A community based cross sectional study design was carried out on 50 juice houses from December to March 2020 in Mekelle. One hundred fifty samples were collected aseptically from the juice houses for laboratory analysis. Information related to risk factors was obtained using a structured questionnaire. In the laboratory, samples were homogenized using peptone water and incubated overnight for enrichment. Then, Salmonella and Shigella species were isolated on Salmonella-Shigella agar and Xylose Lysine Deoxycholate agar. Disc diffusion method was used to perform antimicrobial susceptibility test. Using SPSS (version 22) package, descriptive statistics and Chi square test (χ2) were used to analyze the data, and p < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. RESULT: The overall prevalence of Salmonella and Shigella species was 41/150 (27.33%; 95% CI: 20.20 - 34.46) with 33 (22%) Salmonella spp. and 8(5.33%) Shigella spp. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests of both Salmonella and Shigella spp.showed high resistance against ampicillin (100%), tetracycline (63.6 and 62.5%, respectively) and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (100%). Accessibility of fruits to flies and dust had statistical association (p = 0.021) with occurrence of Salmonell a and/or Shigella spp. CONCLUSION: The overall prevalence of Salmonella and Shigella spp. was found to be significant. The resistant rate of isolates against ampicillin, tetracycline and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid was high. Storage sites for fruits should be inaccessible to flies and dust. Therefore, routine monitoring of juice houses should be promoted and regular evaluation of bacterial resistance pattern should be done for selective antimicrobial therapy. Furthermore, consistent training of juice makers on food safety and hygiene should be implemented by the concerned body.


Assuntos
Anti-Infecciosos , Saladas , Shigella , Combinação Amoxicilina e Clavulanato de Potássio , Etiópia/epidemiologia , Prevalência , Estudos Transversais , Ágar , Sucos de Frutas e Vegetais , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Salmonella , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Ampicilina , Tetraciclina , Poeira
18.
Med J Malaysia ; 79(1): 74-79, 2024 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38287761

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Salmonella typhi could infect the intestinal tract and the bloodstream or invade body organs and secrete endotoxins. It is endemic in developing countries. It is increasingly evolving antimicrobial resistance to several commonly used antimicrobial agents. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was done at Iraqi Communicable Disease Control Center, where all confirmed cases of Salmonella typhi are reported, for a period 2019-2021. All demographic, epidemiological and clinical characteristics of patients, comorbidities, type of samples, distribution of S. typhi by age and gender, time distribution in each year and profile of bacterial resistance and sensitivity to antibiotics were gathered and analysed. RESULTS: Most samples were taken from blood. The mean age of cases during 2019, 2020 and 2021 was 18.7 ± 6.5, 17.7 ± 14.1 and 17.3 ± 12.8. Males constituted 56.7%, 58.5% and 39.8%, respectively. Some cases had comorbidities. Most cases had headache and fever. Some of them had nausea, diarrhoea, vomiting and epigastric pain. The age and sex were significantly associated with years of reporting. The most months of case reporting were June-July (2019 and 2021), Jan. -Feb. (2020). There was an obvious increase in S. typhi resistance to ceftriaxone (92.2%, 86.1%, 88.8%) and ampicillin (77.1%, 76.9%, 81.27%). There was a gradual increase in sensitivity to tetracycline (83.1%, 88.1%, 94%), cotrimoxazole (86.7%, 86.1%, 92.2%), ciprofloxacin (78.3%, 90.1%, 87.8%) and cefixime (77.7%, 72.3%, 72.7%). CONCLUSIONS: There was a sharp rise in resistance rates of the S. typhi in Iraq (during 2019-2021) to ceftriaxone and ampicillin, while there were highest sensitivity rates to imipenem, aztreonam and chloramphenicol. The following recommendations were made: (1) Improvement of general hygiene and food safety measures. (2) Emphasis on vaccination and surveillance of Salmonella infection. (3) Rational use of appropriate antibiotics through implementation of treatment guidelines. (5) Educate communities and travelers about the risks of S. typhi and its preventive measures.


Assuntos
Febre Tifoide , Masculino , Humanos , Febre Tifoide/tratamento farmacológico , Febre Tifoide/epidemiologia , Febre Tifoide/microbiologia , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Ceftriaxona/uso terapêutico , Iraque/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Prevalência , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Salmonella typhi , Ampicilina/uso terapêutico
19.
Anal Biochem ; 687: 115459, 2024 04.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38182031

RESUMO

The combination of nanomaterials possessing distinct characteristics and the precision of aptamers facilitates the creation of biosensors that exhibit exceptional selectivity and sensitivity. In this manuscript, we present a highly sensitive aptasensor that utilizes the distinctive characteristics of MnO2 nanoflowers and gold nanoparticles to selectively detect ampicillin (AMP). In this aptasensor, the mechanism of signal change is attributed to the difference in the oxidase-mimicking activity of MnO2 nanoflowers in the presence of a free sequence. The inclusion of AMP hindered the creation of a double-stranded DNA configuration through its binding to the aptamer, resulting in an observable alteration in absorbance. The relative absorbance varied linearly with the concentration of AMP in the range of 70 pM to 10 nM with a detection limit of 21.7 pM. In general, the colorimetric aptasensor that has been developed exhibits exceptional selectivity and remarkable stability. It also demonstrates favorable performance in human serum, making it a highly reliable diagnostic tool. Additionally, its versatility is noteworthy as it holds great potential for detecting various antibiotics present in complex samples by merely replacing the utilized sequences with new ones.


Assuntos
Aptâmeros de Nucleotídeos , Técnicas Biossensoriais , Nanopartículas Metálicas , Humanos , Ouro , Limite de Detecção , Colorimetria/métodos , Compostos de Manganês , Óxidos , Técnicas Biossensoriais/métodos , Ampicilina
20.
Microbiol Spectr ; 12(3): e0324423, 2024 Mar 05.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38275295

RESUMO

This study aims to summarize the clinical characteristics and prognosis of Listeria monocytogenes (LM) meningitis in children in Chongqing, China. A retrospective analysis of the clinical data and follow-up results of 20 LM meningitis patients admitted to the Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University (CHCMU) from January 2012 to December 2022 was performed. The LM meningitis incidence rate was between 0 and 14.3 per 100,000 persons. The median age at onset was 8.98 months. There were five neonate cases, which all had perinatal abnormalities. Seven non-neonatal cases (7/15, 46.7%) had a documented history of contaminated food intake. One case had primary immunodeficiency. The most common symptoms were fever (20/20), altered consciousness (19/20), and vomiting (15/20). Seven cases had seizures, eight cases had cranial nerve involvement, eight cases had positive Babinski sign, and 10 cases had positive meningeal signs. The most common complications were hyponatremia (6/20), hypokalemia (6/20), respiratory failure (5/20), subdural effusion (3/20), and hydrocephalus (2/20). Treatment primarily involved monotherapy or combination therapy with meropenem (15/20) and ampicillin (10/20). Fifteen cases were treated with monotherapy or combination therapy using vancomycin. Twelve cases were successfully followed up from 10 months to 9 years and 6 months, and all had favorable long-term outcomes. LM meningitis incidence in children is low and with nonspecific clinical manifestations. Strengthening food hygiene and safety education, and avoiding infections during pregnancy are important to prevent LM infection in neonates and high-risk individuals. Meropenem and ampicillin are the preferred treatments. Early diagnosis and treatment can improve prognosis.IMPORTANCEThe incidence of LM meningitis is extremely low, and there is currently no standardized treatment. We conducted a retrospective analysis of ten years of data from CHCMU regarding diagnosed LM meningitis cases, aiming to provide clinical evidence for the diagnosis and treatment.


Assuntos
Meningite por Listeria , Recém-Nascido , Gravidez , Feminino , Humanos , Criança , Lactente , Meningite por Listeria/diagnóstico , Meningite por Listeria/tratamento farmacológico , Meningite por Listeria/epidemiologia , Meropeném , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Estudos Retrospectivos , Ampicilina/uso terapêutico , Prognóstico , China/epidemiologia , Hospitais
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