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1.
Sci Rep ; 14(1): 5110, 2024 03 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38429397

RESUMO

Platostoma palustre is an annual herb and an important medicinal and edible plant in southern China. Plastic-film mulching is an effective agronomic practice in the cultivation system of P. palustre, of which black-film mulching is the most common. However, fewer researches have been focused on the use of other colors of plastic films in P. palustre cultivation. In this study, different colors (white, black, red, and green) of plastic film were adopted, and the effects of different colors of plastic film mulching on the soil temperature, yield, and metabolites of P. palustre were investigated. The results showed that the fresh weight of a single plant of the green film treatment was significantly higher than that of the white film treatment (n = top 28). Based on the results of three temperature measurements, the soil temperature was almost the highest in the red film treatment and lowest in the white film treatment. The metabolomic analysis revealed that a total of 103 differential metabolites were identified. Among these, the gluconic acid, deoxyribose, and N-Acetylmannosamine in the red film treatment presented the highest abundance compared with the other treatments, meanwhile, the abundances of the five monosaccharides in the red film treatment were significantly higher than those of the green film treatment. Moreover, the sucrose, trehalose, and D-(+)-trehalose in the green film treatment exhibited the highest abundance, and the abundances of eight different amino acids in the red film treatment were almost the lowest while those in the black film treatment were almost the highest. Further analysis of the membership function values indicated that the black and red film treatments might be more suitable for the cultivation and quality production of P. palustre in comparison with the other two treatments. This study will provide a theoretical basis for improving the efficient cultivation technology of P. palustre and forming a theoretical system of P. palustre film mulching cultivation.


Assuntos
Solo , Trealose , Solo/química , Temperatura , Plásticos , Agricultura/métodos
2.
Funct Integr Genomics ; 24(2): 46, 2024 Mar 02.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38429576

RESUMO

Cyanobacteria are oxygenic photosynthetic organisms which are found across many ecosystems, including freshwater and marine habitats. They are also found on natural and artificial surfaces. In this study, we cultured and characterise a novel cyanobacterium from the surfaces of foam microplastics of tropical coastal waters. We study the chemical ecology of this cyanobacterium, Sphaerothrix gracilis gen. et sp. nov., together with its potential to form harmful cyanobacterial blooms and bioremediation applications to combat plastic pollution. The genome of S. gracilis spanned 6.7 Mbp, with identification of antibiotic resistance, nitrogen-fixation, plastic-degrading and genes involved in harmful metabolite production. The transport of potentially harmful S. gracilis in coastal environments could have severe implications on human health and food security, especially in times of a cyanobacterial bloom.


Assuntos
Cianobactérias , Ecossistema , Humanos , Microplásticos/metabolismo , Plásticos/metabolismo , Cianobactérias/genética , Cianobactérias/metabolismo , Fixação de Nitrogênio
3.
Huan Jing Ke Xue ; 45(3): 1439-1447, 2024 Mar 08.
Artigo em Chinês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38471859

RESUMO

The Yangtze River, the largest river in China, has not been comprehensively studied for its basin's microplastic pollution status. Therefore, a comprehensive investigation and assessment system of microplastics was developed at the river basin scale to characterize the spatial distribution and composition of microplastics in the Yangtze River Basin in order to analyze their influencing factors and assess their ecological risks. The results showed that the microplastic abundance in the study area ranged from 21 to 44 080 n·m-3, with an average abundance of 4 483 n·m-3. The spatial distribution of microplastic abundance was higher in the tributaries than in the main streams (except the Ganjiang Basin), with the Chengdu of the Minjiang Basin being the tributary area with the highest abundance of microplastics detected. The size of microplastics in the river basin was concentrated in the 0-1 mm range; the shapes were mainly fiber and fragment; and the colors were mainly colored and transparent. Further, introducing the diversity index of microplastics, it was found that both the Simpson index and the Shannon-Wiener index could quantify the diversity of microplastic characteristic composition in the river basin, but there were certain differences in the changing trends between the two. Regression analysis showed that anthropogenic activities were significantly and positively correlated with microplastic abundance (P<0.05), and among the eight anthropogenic activity factors, civilian vehicle ownership and tourism income were the most strongly correlated with microplastic abundance, indicating that transportation and tourism were the main factors influencing microplastic distribution. From the perspective of the potential ecological risk index of microplastics, microplastics in the Yangtze River Basin posed a certain ecological risk, with 68.97% of the area falling within risk zones III and IV, with the ecological risk of microplastics in Taihu Lake warranting more widespread attention.


Assuntos
Microplásticos , Poluentes Químicos da Água , Rios , Plásticos , Poluentes Químicos da Água/análise , Monitoramento Ambiental/métodos , China , Medição de Risco
4.
Huan Jing Ke Xue ; 45(3): 1849-1858, 2024 Mar 08.
Artigo em Chinês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38471896

RESUMO

Microplastic pollution poses threats to aquatic ecosystems and human health. In this study, in order to investigate the characteristics of microplastic occurrence in different environmental media, the abundance, particle size, shape, color, and composition types of microplastics in the water column, sediment, riparian zone soil, and the benthic snail Bellamya aeruginosa of the Manao River were analyzed using field sampling, microscopic observation, and Fourier infrared spectroscopy. The results showed that the average abundance of microplastics in the surface water of the Manao River was (5.9±0.26) n·L-1; the abundance of microplastics in the upper sediment (by dry weight) was (1.35±0.1) n·g-1, and that in the lower sediment (by dry weight) was (0.93±0.12) n·g-1. The abundance of microplastics in the near riparian zone soil (by dry weight) was (0.68±0.16) n·g-1, and that in the far riparian zone soil (by dry weight) was (0.69±0.14) n·g-1, and the abundance of microplastics in the B. aeruginosa was (2.06±0.25) n·g-1. The analysis results showed that the abundance of microplastics in the upper and lower sediments were positively correlated; the abundance of microplastics in B. aeruginosa was positively correlated with the abundance of microplastics in the upper and lower sediments, respectively; and the abundance of microplastics in the near and far riparian zone soils were also correlated. Most of the microplastics within each environmental medium and B. aeruginosa were <0.1 mm in size, mainly in the form of fibers and fragments, mainly blue and black in color, and mainly composed of polypropylene (PP) and polyethylene (PE). It was found that microplastics in riparian zone soils mainly originated from the fragmentation and decomposition of agricultural plastic films. The results of this study shed light on the accumulation of microplastics in macrobenthic organisms through the investigation of microplastics in multi-environmental media and in the B. aeruginosa, which helps us to understand the potential ecological risk of microplastics in a comprehensive manner.


Assuntos
Microplásticos , Poluentes Químicos da Água , Humanos , Plásticos , Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Rios , Ecossistema , Poluentes Químicos da Água/análise , Monitoramento Ambiental , Sedimentos Geológicos/química , Água , Solo
5.
Huan Jing Ke Xue ; 45(3): 1859-1868, 2024 Mar 08.
Artigo em Chinês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38471897

RESUMO

To investigate the influences of functional groups on the biological effects caused by microplastics, the accumulation of three polystyrene microplastics (PS, PS-NH2, and PS-COOH) in zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos were analyzed, and then the responses of metabolic functions and microbial communities in zebrafish larvae were revealed using the combination of the microbiome and metabolome methods. The results showed that all microplastics could accumulate in zebrafish with concentrations ranging from 143 to 175 µg·g-1, and there were no significant differences in the accumulation potentials among different PS treatments. Exposure to plain PS significantly affected the metabolic capacity of aminoglycosides in zebrafish larvae, whereas the metabolic processes of amino acids were affected by PS-NH2. In the PS-COOH treatment, the metabolic pathways of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, amino acids, and glycolysis in zebrafish were markedly altered. The metabolic functions of zebrafish larvae were changed by all PS microplastics, resulting in toxic effects on zebrafish, and the functional group modification of microplastics may have further enhanced these toxicities. Compared to that in the control, exposure to PS-NH2 significantly reduced the diversity of microbial communities in zebrafish larvae and increased the proportion of Proteobacteria in the composition, leading to an imbalance of the bacterial community in zebrafish and thus disrupting the metabolic functions in the fish. Therefore, the functional modifications of microplastics may significantly alter the related stresses on aquatic organisms, leading to unpredictable ecological risks.


Assuntos
Microplásticos , Poluentes Químicos da Água , Animais , Peixe-Zebra/metabolismo , Plásticos , Poluentes Químicos da Água/metabolismo , Poliestirenos , Larva/metabolismo , Aminoácidos
6.
Huan Jing Ke Xue ; 45(2): 1161-1172, 2024 Feb 08.
Artigo em Chinês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38471953

RESUMO

With the vigorous development of agriculture in China, plastic mulch film and pesticides are widely used in agricultural production. However, the accumulation of microplastics (formed by the degradation of plastic mulch film) and pesticides in soil has also caused many environmental problems. At present, the environmental biological effects of microplastics or pesticides have been reported, but there are few studies on the combined effects on crop growth and the rhizosphere soil bacterial community. Therefore, in this study, the high density polyethylene microplastics (HDPE, 500 mesh) were designed to be co-treated with sulfonylurea herbicide chlorimuron-ethyl to study their effects on soybean growth. In addition, the effects of the combined stress of HDPE and chlorimuron-ethyl on soybean rhizosphere soil bacterial community diversity, structure composition, microbial community network, and soil function were investigated using high-throughput sequencing technology, interaction network, and PICRUSt2 function analysis to clarify the combined toxicity of HDPE and chlorimuron-ethyl to soybean. The results showed that the half-life of chlorimuron-ethyl in soil was prolonged by the 1% HDPE treatment (from 11.5 d to 14.3 d), and the combined stress of HDPE and chlorimuron-ethyl had more obvious inhibition effects on soybean growth than that of the single pollutant or control. The HiSeq 2 500 sequencing showed that the rhizosphere bacterial community of soybean was composed of 20 phyla and 312 genera under combined stress, the number of phyla and genera was significantly less than that of the control and single pollutant treatment, and the relative abundances of bacteria with potential biological control and plant growth-promoting characteristics (such as Nocardioides and Sphingomonas) were reduced. Alpha diversity analysis showed that the combined stress significantly reduced the richness and diversity of the soybean rhizosphere bacterial community, and Beta diversity analysis showed that the combined stress significantly changed the structure of the bacterial community. The dominant flora of the rhizosphere bacterial community were regulated, and the abundances of secondary functional layers such as amino acid metabolism, energy metabolism, and lipid metabolism were reduced under combined stress by the analysis of LEfSe and PICRUSt2. It was inferred from the network analysis that the combined stress of HDPE and chlorimuron-ethyl reduced the total number of connections and network density of soil bacteria, simplified the network structure, and changed the important flora species to maintain the stability of the network. The results above indicated that the combined stress of HDPE and chlorimuron-ethyl significantly affected the growth of soybean and changed the rhizosphere bacterial community structure, soil function, and network structure. Compared with that of the single pollutant treatment, the potential risk of combined stress was greater. The results of this study can provide guidance for evaluating the ecological risks of polyethylene microplastics and chlorimuron-ethyl and for the remediation of contaminated soil.


Assuntos
Poluentes Ambientais , Herbicidas , Pirimidinas , Compostos de Sulfonilureia , Polietileno/metabolismo , Polietileno/farmacologia , Rizosfera , Microplásticos , Plásticos , Bactérias , Solo , Microbiologia do Solo
7.
Huan Jing Ke Xue ; 45(2): 1173-1184, 2024 Feb 08.
Artigo em Chinês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38471954

RESUMO

The effect of microplastics on the ecological environment and human health has become a topical issue, and research on the risks and harmful effects of MPs on human health in particular has attracted widespread attention. Due to the characteristics of small size, low degradability, and easy migration, MPs continuously migrate from the environment to the human body, and their main exposure pathways are oral ingestion, inhalation, and dermal contact, with the main exposure media being food, drinking water, dust, personal care products, etc. MPs have been detected in organs, fluids, and excreta of digestive, respiratory, cardiovascular, reproductive systems, etc. The abundance range of MPs in the human body is 0-1 206.94 particles per gram. After entering the human body, MPs can cause cytotoxicity, mitochondrial toxicity, DNA damage, cell membrane damage, and other effects on human cells and organs, leading to serious consequences such as local inflammation, ecological imbalance, metabolic disorders, etc., in various systems. Owing to their small specific surface area, they can also adsorb pollutants such as heavy metals, organic pollutants, antibiotics, pathogens, and harmful microorganisms, causing combined toxicity and immunotoxicity. In the end, we highlighted general deficiencies in existing studies and provided directions for future research on the influence of MPs on human health.


Assuntos
Poluentes Ambientais , Metais Pesados , Poluentes Químicos da Água , Humanos , Microplásticos , Plásticos , Poluentes Químicos da Água/análise
8.
Epidemiol Prev ; 48(1): 40-47, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38482784

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: in recent years, food safety has become increasingly important and a public health priority, especially in developed and rich countries. OBJECTIVES: to investigate knowledge and perception of food risk among young adults and the related behaviours. DESIGN: observational study conducted from March to October 2022 through the administration of an anonymous questionnaire based on multiple-choice questions spread online through social networks. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: 317 men and women with a mean age of 23.6 ± 6.7 (71% F, 29% M), mainly students, who filled the questionnaire and gave their consent to the use of personal data for the purpose of scientific research. MAIN OUTCOMES MEASURES: knowledge, attitudes, and perception of food risk in the target population. RESULTS: the majority think that food safety is very important to their health. The most perceived food risks are the presence of pesticides, bacterial and viral contamination, residuals of antibiotics and/or hormones, and microplastics. More than half believes to be poorly informed about the risk associated with food consumption. There is a high level of trust in data from scientific evidence and physicians and a low level of trust in data from European institutions and the Italian government. Almost everyone thinks that public authorities should provide more information. CONCLUSIONS: these data show a good knowledge of the importance of food safety for health; nevertheless, the majority does not feel well informed. The evaluation of the risk perception and of the factors influencing it is important for the success of the information/communication about food safety and for the consumer empowerment.


Assuntos
Inocuidade dos Alimentos , Plásticos , Masculino , Adulto Jovem , Humanos , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto , Itália , Comunicação , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde
9.
Sci Rep ; 14(1): 6036, 2024 03 12.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38472254

RESUMO

The accumulation of microplastics in various ecosystems has now been well documented and recent evidence suggests detrimental effects on various biological processes due to this pollution. Accumulation of microplastics in the natural environment is ultimately due to the chemical nature of widely used petroleum-based plastic polymers, which typically are inaccessible to biological processing. One way to mitigate this crisis is adoption of plastics that biodegrade if released into natural environments. In this work, we generated microplastic particles from a bio-based, biodegradable thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU-FC1) and demonstrated their rapid biodegradation via direct visualization and respirometry. Furthermore, we isolated multiple bacterial strains capable of using TPU-FC1 as a sole carbon source and characterized their depolymerization products. To visualize biodegradation of TPU materials as real-world products, we generated TPU-coated cotton fabric and an injection molded phone case and documented biodegradation by direct visualization and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), both of which indicated clear structural degradation of these materials and significant biofilm formation.


Assuntos
Plásticos , Poliuretanos , Plásticos/química , Poliuretanos/química , Microplásticos , Ecossistema , Biodegradação Ambiental
10.
Cells ; 13(5)2024 Mar 05.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38474417

RESUMO

Environmental pollution caused by plastic is a present problem. Polystyrene is a widely used packaging material (e.g., Styrofoam) that can be broken down into microplastics through abrasion. Once the plastic is released into the environment, it is dispersed by wind and atmospheric dust. In this study, we investigated the uptake of polystyrene particles into human cells using A549 cells as a model of the alveolar epithelial barrier, CaCo-2 cells as a model of the intestinal epithelial barrier, and THP-1 cells as a model of immune cells to simulate a possible uptake of microplastics by inhalation, oral uptake, and interaction with the cellular immune system, respectively. The uptake of fluorescence-labeled beads by the different cell types was investigated by confocal laser scanning microscopy in a semi-quantitative, concentration-dependent manner. Additionally, we used Raman spectroscopy as a complementary method for label-free qualitative detection and the visualization of polystyrene within cells. The uptake of polystyrene beads by all investigated cell types was detected, while the uptake behavior of professional phagocytes (THP-1) differed from that of adherent epithelial cells.


Assuntos
Plásticos , Poliestirenos , Humanos , Células CACO-2 , Microplásticos , Tamanho da Partícula , Microscopia de Fluorescência
11.
Molecules ; 29(5)2024 Feb 29.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38474598

RESUMO

Single-particle inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (spICP-MS) has been used for particle size measurement of diverse types of individual nanoparticles and micrometer-sized carbon-based particles such as microplastics. However, its applicability to the measurement of micrometer-sized non-carbon-based particles such as silica (SiO2) particles is unclear. In this study, the applicability of spICP-MS to particle size measurement of non-porous/mesoporous SiO2 microspheres with a nominal diameter of 5.0 µm or smaller was investigated. Particle sizes of these microspheres were measured using both spICP-MS based on a conventional calibration approach using an ion standard solution and scanning electron microscopy as a reference technique, and the results were compared. The particle size distributions obtained using both techniques were in agreement within analytical uncertainty. The applicability of this technique to the detection of metal-containing protein-binding mesoporous SiO2 microspheres was also investigated. Bound iron (Fe)-containing proteins (i.e., lactoferrin and transferrin) of mesoporous SiO2 microspheres were detected using Fe as a presence marker for the proteins. Thus, spICP-MS is applicable to the particle size measurement of large-sized and non-porous/mesoporous SiO2 microspheres. It has considerable potential for element-based detection and qualification of bound proteins of mesoporous SiO2 microspheres in a variety of applications.


Assuntos
Plásticos , Dióxido de Silício , Dióxido de Silício/química , Tamanho da Partícula , Microesferas , Espectrometria de Massas/métodos
12.
Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf ; 23(2): e13315, 2024 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38462817

RESUMO

The widespread occurrence of microplastics (MPs) in the food chain has gained substantial recognition as a pressing concern, highlighting the inevitability of human exposure through ingestion of foodborne MPs, coupled with the release of MPs from plastic packaging. However, there are notable disparities in the reported numbers of MPs in foods and beverages, warranting a thorough investigation into the factors contributing to these discrepancies. Table salt is one of the major sources of MPs, and there was an approximately hundred-fold difference between the reviewed studies that reported the highest and lowest number of MPs. In addition, more noticeable discrepancies were discovered between studies on MPs released from teabags. One study reported that approximately 15 billion MPs were released into a cup of tea from a single teabag, whereas another research paper found only approximately 106.3 ± 14.6 MP/teabag after brewing. This comprehensive review focuses on the inconsistencies observed across studies examining MPs, shedding light on the plausible factors underlying these variations. Furthermore, the review outlines areas in analytical procedures that require enhancement and offers recommendations to promote accuracy and standardization in future research efforts, such as employing analytical methods capable of confirming the presence of MPs, using appropriate filter sizes, considering representative sample sizes when extrapolation is involved, and so on. By pinpointing the detection processes leading to the inconsistent results observed in MP studies, this comparative analysis will contribute to the development of reliable analytic methods for understanding the extent of microplastic contamination in the human food chain.


Assuntos
Microplásticos , Plásticos , Humanos , Alimentos , Bebidas , Cloreto de Sódio na Dieta
13.
Environ Monit Assess ; 196(4): 350, 2024 Mar 09.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38460005

RESUMO

In order to clarify the characteristics of microplastics in the atmosphere of Anyang city, TSP, PM10, and PM2.5 samples are collected when the ambient air quality is good, slightly polluted, and severely polluted. After pretreatment, the physical and chemical characteristics are observed and identified by using stereomicroscope and micro-infrared spectrometer. The results show that the average abundance of microplastics is 0.19 items/m3, 0.26 items/m3, and 0.42 items/m3, respectively, when the ambient air quality is good, light pollution, and heavy pollution in Anyang City. It can be seen that with the decline of ambient air quality, the average abundance of microplastics in TSP, PM2.5, and PM10 gradually increases. The black fiber strip microplastics account for about 80% of the total TSP, PM2.5, and PM10 in the ambient air of Anyang City, followed by yellow flake and black granular microplastics and a small amount of green, red, and blue fiber strip microplastics. AQI has a good correlation with the abundance of microplastics in TSP, PM10, and PM2.5, and the maximum microplastic trapping effect could be obtained according to the sampling method of PM2.5 in the ambient air. The main components of microplastics are cellophane, followed by PET and EVA. The explorations of human respiratory exposure risk assessment show that with the increase of AQI, the daily intake of microplastics in adults also increased. At high levels of pollution, the human body breathes an average of 222 ± 5 microplastics per day.


Assuntos
Poluentes Atmosféricos , Poluição do Ar , Adulto , Humanos , Poluentes Atmosféricos/análise , Microplásticos , Plásticos , Monitoramento Ambiental/métodos , Poluição do Ar/análise , Atmosfera , Material Particulado/análise
14.
Environ Monit Assess ; 196(4): 349, 2024 Mar 08.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38453778

RESUMO

Microplastics are widely found in rivers and their sediments, which will cause harm to the water ecological environment. The Wei River is a first-class tributary of the Yellow River, the fifth largest river in the world, and has vulnerable ecological environment and most sediment in the world. However, understanding how anthropogenic activities and environmental factors affect the microplastics distribution in this river is not clear. Based on this, the spatiotemporal distribution of microplastics in the Wei River were investigated. The abundance of microplastics ranged from 1033 to 8333 items/m3 and from 120 to 840 items/kg in the water and in the sediment, respectively. Fibers and fragments were the main shapes of Wei River, microplastics less than 500 µm were the main sizes, and black and white/transparent were the main colors. In Wei River, the abundance of microplastics in urban areas was higher than that in agricultural areas and mountainous areas. Furthermore, the correlation analysis revealed that microplastic abundance in the water was related to anthropogenic activities (population density, per capita GDP and distance) and environmental factors (water temperature, NH3-N, ORP), while in the sediments was correlated with anthropogenic activities (per capita GDP) and environmental factors (water temperature and NH3-N). This study reveals new patterns in microplastic pollution in the Wei River, underscoring the need for targeted environmental strategies. Our findings provide novel insights into the characteristics and distribution of microplastics, significantly adding to the current understanding of riverine microplastic pollution.


Assuntos
Microplásticos , Poluentes Químicos da Água , Plásticos , Rios , Poluentes Químicos da Água/análise , Monitoramento Ambiental , Água , China
15.
Part Fibre Toxicol ; 21(1): 13, 2024 Mar 07.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38454452

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: With rapid increase in the global use of various plastics, microplastics (MPs) and nanoplastics (NPs) pollution and their adverse health effects have attracted global attention. MPs have been detected out in human body and both MPs and NPs showed female reproductive toxicological effects in animal models. Miscarriage (abnormal early embryo loss), accounting for 15-25% pregnant women worldwide, greatly harms human reproduction. However, the adverse effects of NPs on miscarriage have never been explored. RESULTS: In this study, we identified that polystyrene (PS) plastics particles were present in women villous tissues. Their levels were higher in villous tissues of unexplained recurrent miscarriage (RM) patients vs. healthy control (HC) group. Furthermore, mouse assays further confirmed that exposure to polystyrene nanoplastics (PS-NPs, 50 nm in diameter, 50 or 100 mg/kg) indeed induced miscarriage. In mechanism, PS-NPs exposure (50, 100, 150, or 200 µg/mL) increased oxidative stress, decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, and increased apoptosis in human trophoblast cells by activating Bcl-2/Cleaved-caspase-2/Cleaved-caspase-3 signaling through mitochondrial pathway. The alteration in this signaling was consistent in placental tissues of PS-NPs-exposed mouse model and in villous tissues of unexplained RM patients. Supplement with Bcl-2 could efficiently suppress apoptosis in PS-NPs-exposed trophoblast cells and reduce apoptosis and alleviate miscarriage in PS-NPs-exposed pregnant mouse model. CONCLUSIONS: Exposure to PS-NPs activated Bcl-2/Cleaved-caspase-2/Cleaved-caspase-3, leading to excessive apoptosis in human trophoblast cells and in mice placental tissues, further inducing miscarriage.


Assuntos
Aborto Espontâneo , Nanopartículas , Gravidez , Feminino , Humanos , Animais , Camundongos , Aborto Espontâneo/induzido quimicamente , Poliestirenos/toxicidade , Caspase 3 , Microplásticos , Plásticos , Caspase 2 , Placenta , Apoptose , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-bcl-2 , Nanopartículas/toxicidade
16.
N Engl J Med ; 390(10): 900-910, 2024 Mar 07.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38446676

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Microplastics and nanoplastics (MNPs) are emerging as a potential risk factor for cardiovascular disease in preclinical studies. Direct evidence that this risk extends to humans is lacking. METHODS: We conducted a prospective, multicenter, observational study involving patients who were undergoing carotid endarterectomy for asymptomatic carotid artery disease. The excised carotid plaque specimens were analyzed for the presence of MNPs with the use of pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, stable isotope analysis, and electron microscopy. Inflammatory biomarkers were assessed with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunohistochemical assay. The primary end point was a composite of myocardial infarction, stroke, or death from any cause among patients who had evidence of MNPs in plaque as compared with patients with plaque that showed no evidence of MNPs. RESULTS: A total of 304 patients were enrolled in the study, and 257 completed a mean (±SD) follow-up of 33.7±6.9 months. Polyethylene was detected in carotid artery plaque of 150 patients (58.4%), with a mean level of 21.7±24.5 µg per milligram of plaque; 31 patients (12.1%) also had measurable amounts of polyvinyl chloride, with a mean level of 5.2±2.4 µg per milligram of plaque. Electron microscopy revealed visible, jagged-edged foreign particles among plaque macrophages and scattered in the external debris. Radiographic examination showed that some of these particles included chlorine. Patients in whom MNPs were detected within the atheroma were at higher risk for a primary end-point event than those in whom these substances were not detected (hazard ratio, 4.53; 95% confidence interval, 2.00 to 10.27; P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: In this study, patients with carotid artery plaque in which MNPs were detected had a higher risk of a composite of myocardial infarction, stroke, or death from any cause at 34 months of follow-up than those in whom MNPs were not detected. (Funded by Programmi di Ricerca Scientifica di Rilevante Interesse Nazionale and others; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT05900947.).


Assuntos
Doenças das Artérias Carótidas , Microplásticos , Placa Aterosclerótica , Humanos , Estenose das Carótidas/diagnóstico por imagem , Estenose das Carótidas/etiologia , Estenose das Carótidas/patologia , Microplásticos/efeitos adversos , Infarto do Miocárdio/etiologia , Infarto do Miocárdio/mortalidade , Placa Aterosclerótica/química , Placa Aterosclerótica/etiologia , Placa Aterosclerótica/mortalidade , Placa Aterosclerótica/patologia , Plásticos/efeitos adversos , Estudos Prospectivos , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/etiologia , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/mortalidade , Fatores de Risco de Doenças Cardíacas , Endarterectomia das Carótidas , Doenças das Artérias Carótidas/etiologia , Doenças das Artérias Carótidas/patologia , Doenças das Artérias Carótidas/cirurgia , Seguimentos
18.
Sci Total Environ ; 922: 171338, 2024 Apr 20.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38428608

RESUMO

Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) receive large quantities of microplastics (MPs) from raw wastewater, but many MPs are trapped in the sludge. Land application of sludge is a significant source of MP pollution. Existing reviews have summarized the analysis methods of MPs in sludge and the effect of MPs on sludge treatments. However, MP aging and mitigation during sludge treatment processes are not fully reviewed. Treatment processes used to remove water, pathogenic microorganisms, and other pollutants in sewage sludge also cause surface changes and degradation in the sludge MPs, affecting the potential risk of MPs. This study integrates MP abundance and distribution in sludge and their aging and mitigation characteristics during sludge treatment processes. The abundance, composition, and distribution of sludge MPs vary significantly with WWTPs. Furthermore, MPs exhibit variable degrees of aging, including rough surfaces, enhanced adsorption potentials for pollutants, and increased leaching behavior. Various sludge treatment processes further intensify these aging characteristics. Some sludge treatments, such as hydrothermal treatment, have efficiently removed MPs from sewage sludge. It is crucial to understand the potential risk of MP aging in sludge and the degradation properties of the MP-derived products from MP degradation in-depth and develop novel MP mitigation strategies in sludge, such as combining hydrothermal treatment and biological processes.


Assuntos
Poluentes Ambientais , Poluentes Químicos da Água , Esgotos , Microplásticos , Plásticos , Águas Residuárias , Poluentes Químicos da Água/análise , Eliminação de Resíduos Líquidos
19.
Environ Pollut ; 346: 123682, 2024 Apr 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38428788

RESUMO

Microplastics (MPs) in soil can influence CO2 dynamics by altering organic carbon (OC) and microbial composition. Nevertheless, the fluctuation of CO2 response attributed to MPs in mangrove sediments is unclear. This study explores the impact of micro-sized polypropylene (mPP) particles on the carbon dynamics of intertidal mangrove sediments. In the high-tide level sediment, after 28 days, the cumulative CO2 levels for varying mPP dosages were as follows: 496.86 ± 2.07, 430.38 ± 3.84 and 447.09 ± 1.72 mg kg-1 for 0.1%, 1% and 10% (w/w) mPP, respectively. The CO2 emissions were found to be increased with a 0.1% (w/w) mPP level and decreased with 1% and 10% (w/w) mPP at high-tide level sediment, suggesting a tide level-specific dose dependence of the CO2 emission pattern in mangrove sediments. Overall, results indicated that the presence of mPP in mangrove sediments would potentially affect intertidal total CO2 storage under given experimental conditions.


Assuntos
Microplásticos , Polipropilenos , Plásticos , Dióxido de Carbono , Áreas Alagadas , Sedimentos Geológicos
20.
Environ Pollut ; 346: 123608, 2024 Apr 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38428792

RESUMO

To explore contaminant concerns as a result of anthropogenic disturbance of the river system, this study provided the first extensive investigation of the contamination profiles, possible driving factors, and ecological risks of 40 target compounds including pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs), neonicotinoid pesticides (NNIs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in sediments of the whole Yangtze River (the world's third longest river). Among these target compounds, PPCPs were the dominant contaminants with a total concentration (∑15PPCPs) of 2.13-14.99 ng/g, followed by ∑7PCBs (

Assuntos
Bifenilos Policlorados , Poluentes Químicos da Água , Bifenilos Policlorados/análise , Éteres Difenil Halogenados/análise , Efeitos Antropogênicos , Poluentes Químicos da Água/análise , Rios/química , Plásticos , Monitoramento Ambiental/métodos , Sedimentos Geológicos/química , China
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