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1.
Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci ; 28(5): 1920-1930, 2024 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38497875

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: Thyroid hormones are essential for regulating metabolism, reproduction, and growth. Hypothyroidism is connected with lower sperm count and motility, leading to male infertility. Oxidative stress is likely to be linked to this interaction. Melatonin, being known as an oxidative scavenger, may offer a feasible treatment method for reproductive dysfunction accompanying hypothyroidism in adult male rats. The purpose of this investigation was to determine the mechanism by which melatonin treatment affected spermatogenic and steroidogenic function in an experimental model-induced hypothyroidism in adult male rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-one male albino adult rats weighing between 150 and 210 g were used in this experiment. Rats were split into three groups and studied for 11 weeks. The control euthyroid group, in which rats received 0.9% Sodium Chloride (NaCl) solution by intraperitoneal injection [solvent for 6-propyl 2-thouracil (PTU)], 6 days/week for 8 weeks; the PTU-induced hypothyroid group, in which chemical thyroidectomy was induced by intraperitoneal injection of PTU at a dose of 10 mg/kg body weight, 6 days/week for 8 weeks; and the melatonin-treated hypothyroid group, which received 3 mg/kg melatonin intraperitoneally daily for 21 days plasma free Triiodothyronine (T3), free Thyroxin (T4), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free testosterone, Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH), Luteinizing Hormone (LH) and prolactin were measured. Also, semen analysis, testicular tissue malondialdehyde (MDA), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were accessed. RESULTS: The results indicated that melatonin significantly increased sperm viability and motility compared to the untreated PTU-induced hypothyroid group (p<0.001). Testicular MDA and TNF-α showed a significant decrease in the melatonin-treated hypothyroid group compared with the PTU-induced hypothyroid group (p<0.05). In addition, plasma testosterone levels were significantly increased, accompanied by a significant reduction of plasma prolactin levels compared to the untreated hypothyroid group (p<0.05 for both). CONCLUSIONS: Based on the study findings, melatonin could mitigate gonadal dysfunction induced by hypothyroidism by improving several components of semen analysis, such as sperm motility and sperm viability, as well as by enhancing testosterone production focusing on oxidative and inflammatory stress as the underlying mechanisms.


Assuntos
Hipotireoidismo , Melatonina , Masculino , Animais , Ratos , Propiltiouracila/toxicidade , Melatonina/farmacologia , Prolactina , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa , Sêmen , Motilidade dos Espermatozoides , Hipotireoidismo/induzido quimicamente , Hipotireoidismo/tratamento farmacológico , Testosterona
2.
Georgian Med News ; (346): 144-146, 2024 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38501639

RESUMO

Metformin is an important agent in the treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) treatment. Osteoblast express osteoprotegerin (OPG) which has integral effects on bone metabolism nexus. This cross-sectional research sought to identify the impact of metformin therapy on serum level osteoblast express osteoprotegerin and prolactin in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Methods: 30 patients with PCOS and 30 controls. The current study revealed that prolactin levels were increased in PCOS group compared to control group which is highly significant. While after treatment with metformin prolactin level was reduced significantly in than before treatment. Osteoprotegerin concentrations were considerably dropped in the PCOS group contrasted with the control group. Conversely, serum osteoprotegerin in metformin-treated group were higher compared to PCOS group. Osteoblast express osteoprotegerin level increased after 3 months of treatment with metformin in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.


Assuntos
Metformina , Síndrome do Ovário Policístico , Humanos , Feminino , Síndrome do Ovário Policístico/tratamento farmacológico , Metformina/farmacologia , Metformina/uso terapêutico , Prolactina , Osteoprotegerina , Estudos Transversais , Hipoglicemiantes
4.
Investig Clin Urol ; 65(2): 173-179, 2024 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38454827

RESUMO

PURPOSE: To investigate whether serum hormone (testosterone, prolactin, gonadotropins, and thyroid hormones) and vitamin (vitamin B12, folic acid, and vitamin D) levels are associated with premature ejaculation (PE). MATERIALS AND METHODS: This prospective case-control study included 126 patients with PE (lifelong PE [LPE] in 94 and acquired PE [APE] in 32) who presented to the urology outpatient clinic between April 2016 and January 2023 and 92 healthy men as a control group. The diagnosis of PE was based on the criteria defined by the International Society for Sexual Medicine. Serum total testosterone (TT), free and bioavailable testosterone, follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, prolactin, thyroid-stimulating hormone, free triiodothyronine, thyroxine (fT4), vitamin B12, folic acid, and vitamin D levels were measured. RESULTS: Serum TT, fT4, and vitamin D levels were significantly higher in patients with PE than in the control group (p=0.022, p=0.002, and p=0.044, respectively). However, the serum vitamin B12 level was significantly lower in the PE group (p=0.021). In the multivariate logistic regression analysis, only vitamin B12 was found to be an independent risk factor for PE, with an estimated odds ratio of 0.997 (95% confidence interval 0.994-0.999, p=0.036). CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated that lower vitamin B12 levels are associated with the presence of PE. Therefore, we believe that it would be beneficial to consider vitamin B12 levels in the evaluation of patients with PE.


Assuntos
Ejaculação Precoce , Masculino , Humanos , Ejaculação Precoce/diagnóstico , Ejaculação Precoce/etiologia , Prolactina , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Vitamina D , Vitaminas , Hormônios Tireóideos , Testosterona , Ácido Fólico , Ejaculação
5.
Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) ; 15: 1337741, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38390203

RESUMO

This report describes a rare case of a 20-year-old man with an ACTH- and prolactin-secreting invasive pituitary macroadenoma causing hyperprolactinemia and Cushing's disease. He was later found to have an AIP mutation. Treatment with cabergoline (1.5 mg weekly) normalized prolactin concentrations and induced a major shrinkage of the adenoma. Not only was urinary free cortisol normalized for more than 14 years, but also the treatment induced normal hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis function as illustrated by the reappearance of a normal cortisol/ACTH circadian rhythm, cortisol suppression to dexamethasone, and disappearance of the excessive and aberrant responses to CRH and desmopressin, respectively. This case is the first description of complete restoration of the physiological characteristics of the HPA axis by a medication during the treatment of Cushing's disease. Although exceptional, it illustrates that drugs targeting the pituitary adenoma can bring true complete remission of Cushing's disease.


Assuntos
Hipersecreção Hipofisária de ACTH , Neoplasias Hipofisárias , Masculino , Humanos , Adulto Jovem , Adulto , Sistema Hipotálamo-Hipofisário , Hipersecreção Hipofisária de ACTH/complicações , Hipersecreção Hipofisária de ACTH/tratamento farmacológico , Hidrocortisona , Prolactina , Sistema Hipófise-Suprarrenal , Neoplasias Hipofisárias/complicações , Neoplasias Hipofisárias/tratamento farmacológico , Hormônio Adrenocorticotrópico
6.
Endocrinology ; 165(4)2024 Feb 20.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38417844

RESUMO

A series of well-described anabolic and catabolic neuropeptides are known to provide short-term, homeostatic control of energy balance. The mechanisms that govern long-term, rheostatic control of regulated changes in energy balance are less well characterized. Using the robust and repeatable seasonal changes in body mass observed in Siberian hamsters, this report examined the role of prolactin in providing long-term rheostatic control of body mass and photoinduced changes in organ mass (ie, kidney, brown adipose tissue, uterine, and spleen). Endogenous circannual interval timing was observed after 4 months in a short photoperiod, indicated by a significant increase in body mass and prolactin mRNA expression in the pituitary gland. There was an inverse relationship between body mass and the expression of somatostatin (Sst) and cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (Cart). Pharmacological inhibition of prolactin release (via bromocriptine injection), reduced body mass of animals maintained in long photoperiods to winter-short photoperiod levels and was associated with a significant increase in hypothalamic Cart expression. Administration of ovine prolactin significantly increased body mass 24 hours after a single injection and the effect persisted after 3 consecutive daily injections. The data indicate that prolactin has pleiotropic effects on homeostatic sensors of energy balance (ie, Cart) and physiological effectors (ie, kidney, BAT). We propose that prolactin release from the pituitary gland acts as an output signal of the hypothalamic rheostat controller to regulate adaptive changes in body mass.


Assuntos
Neuropeptídeos , Prolactina , Cricetinae , Animais , Ovinos , Feminino , Prolactina/metabolismo , Estações do Ano , Hipotálamo/metabolismo , Phodopus/metabolismo , Neuropeptídeos/metabolismo , Fotoperíodo
7.
Probl Endokrinol (Mosk) ; 69(6): 37-46, 2024 Jan 24.
Artigo em Russo | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38311993

RESUMO

Disorders in the kidneys lead to disturbance of homeostasis. As the glomerular filtration rate decreases, the metabolism of numerous biologically active substances, including pituitary hormones, decreases. The article presents an overview of pituitary dysfunction in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and discusses the possible reasons of the pathogenetic mechanisms. Particular focus is being given to the assessment of changes in the concentration of pituitary hormones in patients with end-stage chronic kidney disease (CKD) and discusses the pathogenetic mechanisms of their formation. Particular attention is paid to the assessment of changes in the concentration of pituitary hormones in patients receiving renal replacement therapy (RRT). CKD leads to an increase in the level of prolactin, luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). Concentrations of growth hormone (GH), isulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and vasopressin may remain within normal values or increase in this group of patients. RRT does not reduce the levels of prolactin, LH, FSH, while the concentration of growth hormone, IGF-1, TSH tends to normalize. The content of ACTH and vasopressin may remain unchanged or decrease. Kidney transplantation in most cases corrects hormonal disorders. Correction of hormonal changes can improve the clinical outcome and quality of life of patients with end stage CKD.


Assuntos
Hormônio do Crescimento Humano , Falência Renal Crônica , Doenças da Hipófise , Insuficiência Renal Crônica , Humanos , Prolactina/metabolismo , Fator de Crescimento Insulin-Like I , Qualidade de Vida , Hormônios Hipofisários/metabolismo , Hormônio Luteinizante/metabolismo , Hormônio do Crescimento/uso terapêutico , Hormônio Foliculoestimulante/metabolismo , Tireotropina , Hormônio Adrenocorticotrópico , Doenças da Hipófise/tratamento farmacológico , Falência Renal Crônica/terapia , Falência Renal Crônica/tratamento farmacológico , Vasopressinas , Insuficiência Renal Crônica/terapia , Insuficiência Renal Crônica/tratamento farmacológico
8.
Probl Endokrinol (Mosk) ; 69(6): 4-16, 2024 Jan 24.
Artigo em Russo | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38311990

RESUMO

AIM: To analyze the diagnostic performance of bilateral inferior petrosal sinus sampling (BIPSS) with desmopressin as a stimulation agent and prolactin measurements to control catheter position with or without the ACTH/prolactin normalized ratio calculation in the differential diagnosis of ACTH-dependent endogenous hypercortisolism, and the diagnostics performance of ectopic ACTH-syndrome (EAS) visualization. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A single-center diagnostic study with a retrospective analysis of the data was carried out. The study included patients with ACTH-dependent endogenous hypercorticism with no visualization of pituitary adenoma on MRI or adenoma sizes less than 6 mm. All patients underwent BIPSS with and without calculation of the ACTH/prolactin normalized ratio. Visualization of an EAS included pituitary MRI (to exclude EAS), whole-body CT scan with contrast, and somatostatin receptor scintigraphy with 99mTc-Tectrotide and CT (99mTc-Tectrotide SPECT). The final verification was based on immunohistochemical confirmation of the tumor or stable remission of Cushing's disease (CD) after surgical treatment. Statistical data processing was carried out by using IBM SPSS Statistics 23. Confidence intervals were calculated using the JavaStat online calculator. RESULTS: 230 BIPSS were performed in 228 patients (166 women, 62 men), of which 178 patients were verified as CD and 50 cases were EAS of various localization. The effectiveness of catheterization of petrosal sinuses was 96.9%. The sensitivity of BIPSS without ACTH/prolactin ratio calculation (n=70) was 95.9% (95% CI 86.3-98.9), specificity was 92% (95% CI 75.0-97.8), for the BIPSS with additional determination of ACTH/prolactin-normalized ratio (n=51) - 97.3% (95% CI 86.2-99.5) and 93.8% (95% CI 71.7-98.9), respectively. The use of the MRI method for this sample of patients had a sensitivity of 60.2% (95% CI 52.6-67.5), specificity of 59.2% (95% CI 44.2-73.0), the total body CT with contrast has a sensitivity of 74% (95% CI 59.7-85.4), specificity of 100% (95% CI 97.95-100). The diagnostic accuracy for 99mTc-Tectrotide SPECT in NET visualization has a sensitivity of 73.3% (95% CI 44.9-92.2), specificity of 100% (95% CI 95.3-100). CONCLUSION: BIPSS with desmopressin stimulation and prolactin measurements to control catheter position, as well as the additional calculation of the ACTH/prolactin-normalized ratio, is an optimal method for the differential diagnosis of EAS. Patients who are identified an EAS on BIPSS may be further referred for 99mTc-Tectrotide SPECT and CT for tumor visualization.


Assuntos
Síndrome de ACTH Ectópico , Adenoma , Síndrome de Cushing , Hipersecreção Hipofisária de ACTH , Masculino , Humanos , Feminino , Síndrome de Cushing/diagnóstico por imagem , Amostragem do Seio Petroso/métodos , Desamino Arginina Vasopressina , Estudos Retrospectivos , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Prolactina , Hipersecreção Hipofisária de ACTH/diagnóstico por imagem , Síndrome de ACTH Ectópico/diagnóstico por imagem , Síndrome de ACTH Ectópico/cirurgia , Cintilografia , Hormônio Adrenocorticotrópico
9.
Probl Endokrinol (Mosk) ; 69(6): 63-69, 2024 Jan 24.
Artigo em Russo | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38311996

RESUMO

The main treatment option of prolactin-secreting pituitary adenomas is dopamine agonist therapy, which demonstrates prolactin level normalizing and reducing the size of an adenoma in the majority of cases. However, significant amount of patients - about 20% - poorly responds even to high doses of dopamine agonists that is explained by the resistance to therapy. The occurrence of pharmacodynamic characteristics is one of the causes responsible for the development of resistance to typical therapy. Clinical manifestations of persistent hyperprolactinemia are due to following pathological factors: hormonal hypersecretion and the mass-effect of pituitary adenoma. Prevention of irreversible changes is possible only with timely detection of resistance and determination of the optimal personalized treatment algorithm.We report a clinical case of dopamine-agonist resistant microprolactinoma. Patient's health stabilisation, normal level of prolactin and reduction in size of adenoma were achieved due to administration of combined treatment with tamoxifen and dopamine agonists. Hyperprolactinaemia occurring because of prolactin-secreting pituitary adenoma and associated adverse effects are significant problem, decreasing quality of life and demographics in general. This underlines the importance of figuring out causes and identifying predictors of the therapy resistance.The results of the study, illustrated by a clinical example, are presented in the present paper.


Assuntos
Adenoma , Hiperprolactinemia , Neoplasias Hipofisárias , Prolactinoma , Humanos , Prolactinoma/tratamento farmacológico , Prolactinoma/diagnóstico , Prolactinoma/patologia , Agonistas de Dopamina/efeitos adversos , Prolactina/uso terapêutico , Qualidade de Vida , Neoplasias Hipofisárias/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Hipofisárias/diagnóstico , Hiperprolactinemia/tratamento farmacológico , Hiperprolactinemia/diagnóstico , Hiperprolactinemia/etiologia , Adenoma/complicações
11.
Cell Death Dis ; 15(2): 128, 2024 02 10.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38341429

RESUMO

Previous study showed that higher expression of prolactin (PRL) was found in CRPC samples compared with hormone-naive prostate cancer (HNPC) and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) samples. We further investigate the function of PRL in prostate cancer (PCa) and explored its downstream effects. We found heterogeneous expression of the PRLR in clinical prostate samples. The VCaP and 22Rv1 cells exhibited PRLR expression. Among the downstream proteins, STAT5B was the dominant subtype in clinical samples and cell lines. Human recombinant PRL stimulation of PCa cells with PRLR expression resulted in increased phosphorylation of STAT5B(pSTAT5B) and progression of PCa in vitro and in vivo, and STAT5B knockdown can suppress the malignant behavior of PCa. To understand the mechanism further, we performed Bioinformatic analysis, ChIP qPCR, and luciferase reporter gene assay. The results revealed that ARRB2 was the transcription target gene of STAT5B, and higher expression of ARRB2 was related to higher aggression and poorer prognosis of PCa. Additionally, Gene set enrichment analysis indicated that higher expression of ARRB2 was significantly enriched in the MAPK signaling pathway. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) demonstrated elevated pSTAT5B, ARRB2, and pERK1/2 expression levels in CRPC tissues compared to HNPC and BPH. Mechanically, ARRB2 enhanced the activation of the MAPK pathway by binding to ERK1/2, thereby promoting the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 (pERK1/2). In conclusion, our study demonstrated that PRL stimulation can promote the progression of PCa through STAT5B/ARRB2 pathway and activation of MAPK signaling, which can be suppressed by intervention targeting STAT5B. Blockade of the STAT5B can be a potential therapeutic target for PCa.


Assuntos
Hiperplasia Prostática , Neoplasias de Próstata Resistentes à Castração , Neoplasias da Próstata , Masculino , Humanos , Prolactina/genética , Prolactina/metabolismo , Hiperplasia Prostática/genética , Neoplasias da Próstata/patologia , Receptores da Prolactina/metabolismo , Fosforilação , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Fator de Transcrição STAT5/genética , Fator de Transcrição STAT5/metabolismo , beta-Arrestina 2/metabolismo
12.
J Clin Psychiatry ; 85(1)2024 Feb 28.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38416865

RESUMO

Background: Aripiprazole lauroxil (AL) 1064 mg every 2 months following initiation using the AL NanoCrystal Dispersion formulation (ALNCD) plus 30-mg oral aripiprazole was efficacious and well tolerated in a 25-week, randomized, double-blind phase 3 trial in adults with acute schizophrenia. This post hoc analysis further characterized the safety of AL 1064 mg administered every 2 months and that of active control paliperidone palmitate (PP) 156 mg monthly based on occurrence, timing, and severity of adverse events (AEs) associated with antipsychotic medications.Methods: This study was conducted between November 2017 and March 2019. AL or PP was initiated during an inpatient stay of ≥ 2 weeks with transition to outpatient treatment thereafter. Rates of AEs of clinical interest, including injection site reactions (ISRs), motor AEs, sedation, hypotension, prolactin level increase, weight gain, and suicidal ideation/behavior, were summarized through weeks 4, 9, and 25 for each treatment.Results: Of 200 patients who received ≥ 1 dose of study treatment, 99 (49.5%) completed the study (AL, 57%; PP, 43%). Mean (SD) baseline Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale total scores were 94.1 (9.04) and 94.6 (8.41) in the AL and PP treatment groups, respectively. AEs were reported by 69/99 (70%) patients administered AL and 72/101 (71%) administered PP; most AEs were mild or moderate in severity. ISRs (AL, 18.2%; PP, 26.7%) occurred primarily on days 1 and 8. All akathisia/restlessness AEs (AL, 10.1%; PP, 11.9%) occurred during the first 4 weeks; <10% of patients (either treatment) experienced hypotension, sedation, or suicidal ideation/behavior events. Weight gain of ≥ 7% from baseline occurred in 9.3% of AL- and 23.8% of PP-treated patients. Median prolactin concentrations changed by -4.60 and -3.55 ng/mL among AL-treated males and females, respectively, and did not exceed 2 times normal levels in any AL-treated patients. In PP-treated patients, changes were 21.20 and 80.40 ng/mL and concentrations exceeded 2 times normal in 38% and 88% of males and females, respectively.Conclusions: No new early- or late-emerging safety concerns were observed through 25 weeks of treatment with AL 1064 mg every 2 months following initiation using ALNCD plus 30-mg oral aripiprazole. Results were consistent with known safety profiles of AL and PP and support the safety of AL 1064 mg every 2 months initiated using ALNCD plus 30-mg oral aripiprazole.Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03345979.


Assuntos
Antipsicóticos , Hipotensão , Nanopartículas , Doenças não Transmissíveis , Esquizofrenia , Adulto , Masculino , Feminino , Humanos , Aripiprazol/uso terapêutico , Esquizofrenia/tratamento farmacológico , Esquizofrenia/induzido quimicamente , Palmitato de Paliperidona , Antipsicóticos/uso terapêutico , Prolactina , Doenças não Transmissíveis/tratamento farmacológico , Preparações de Ação Retardada/uso terapêutico , Aumento de Peso , Hipotensão/induzido quimicamente , Hipotensão/tratamento farmacológico , Resultado do Tratamento
13.
Int J Mol Sci ; 25(3)2024 Jan 25.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38338751

RESUMO

Prolactin is a hormone secreted from lactotroph cells in the anterior pituitary gland to induce lactation after birth. Hyperprolactinemia unrelated to lactation is a common cause of amenorrhea in women of a childbearing age, and a consequent decrease in the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) by a high prolactin level can result in decreased bone mineral density. Osteoporosis is a common skeletal disorder characterized by decreased bone mineral density (BMD) and quality, which results in decreased bone strength. In patients with hyperprolactinemia, changes in BMD can be induced indirectly by the inhibition of the GnRH-gonadal axis due to increased prolactin levels or by the direct action of prolactin on osteoblasts and, possibly, osteoclast cells. This review highlights the recent work on bone remodeling and discusses our knowledge of how prolactin modulates these interactions, with a brief literature review on the relationship between prolactin and bone metabolism and suggestions for new possibilities.


Assuntos
Hiperprolactinemia , Osteoporose , Adeno-Hipófise , Humanos , Feminino , Hiperprolactinemia/complicações , Hiperprolactinemia/metabolismo , Prolactina/farmacologia , Osteoporose/etiologia , Adeno-Hipófise/metabolismo , Hormônio Liberador de Gonadotropina/metabolismo , Densidade Óssea
14.
Int J Mol Sci ; 25(4)2024 Feb 06.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38396659

RESUMO

Prolactin (PRL) is a pleiotropic hormone released from lactotrophic cells of the anterior pituitary gland that also originates from extrapituitary sources and plays an important role in regulating lactation in mammals, as well as other actions. Acting in an endocrine and paracrine/autocrine manner, PRL regulates the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis, thus influencing the maturation of ovarian follicles and ovulation. This review provides a detailed discussion of the current knowledge on the role of PRL in the context of ovulation and ovulatory disorders, particularly with regard to hyperprolactinemia, which is one of the most common causes of infertility in women. Much attention has been given to the PRL structure and the PRL receptor (PRLR), as well as the diverse functions of PRLR signaling under normal and pathological conditions. The hormonal regulation of the menstrual cycle in connection with folliculogenesis and ovulation, as well as the current classifications of ovulation disorders, are also described. Finally, the state of knowledge regarding the importance of TIDA (tuberoinfundibular dopamine), KNDγ (kisspeptin/neurokinin B/dynorphin), and GnRH (gonadotropin-releasing hormone) neurons in PRL- and kisspeptin (KP)-dependent regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis in women is reviewed. Based on this review, a rationale for influencing PRL signaling pathways in therapeutic activities accompanying ovulation disorders is presented.


Assuntos
Ovulação , Prolactina , Animais , Feminino , Humanos , Kisspeptinas/metabolismo , Mamíferos/metabolismo , Ovulação/metabolismo , Adeno-Hipófise/metabolismo , Prolactina/metabolismo , Receptores da Prolactina/metabolismo
15.
Clin Chim Acta ; 555: 117806, 2024 Mar 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38341016

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Knowledge of biological variation (BV) of hormones is essential for interpretation of laboratory tests and for diagnostics of endocrinological and reproductive diseases. There is a lack of robust BV data for many hormones in men. METHODS: We used serum samples collected weekly over 10 weeks from the European Biological Variation Study (EuBIVAS) to determine BV of testosterone, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), prolactin, luteinizing hormone (LH) and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S) in 38 men. We derived within-subject (CVI) and between-subject (CVG) BV estimates by CV-ANOVA after trend, outlier, and homogeneity analysis and calculated reference change values, index of individuality (II), and analytical performance specifications. RESULTS: The CVI estimates were 10 % for testosterone, 8 % for FSH, 13 % for prolactin, 22 % for LH, and 9 % for DHEA-S, respectively. The IIs ranged between 0.14 for FSH to 0.66 for LH, indicating high individuality. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, we have used samples from the highly powered EuBIVAS study to derive BV estimates for testosterone, FSH, prolactin, LH and DHEA-S in men. Our data confirm previously published BV estimates of testosterone, FSH and LH. For prolactin and DHEA-S BV data for men are reported for the first time.


Assuntos
Hormônio Foliculoestimulante , Hormônio Luteinizante , Masculino , Humanos , Prolactina , Testosterona , Sulfato de Desidroepiandrosterona
16.
Menopause ; 31(2): 160-167, 2024 Feb 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38194617

RESUMO

IMPORTANCE: Prolactinomas occurring during the reproductive period exhibit a characteristic behavior. There are, however, gaps in the literature regarding the behavior of these tumors after menopause. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to review and characterize the influence of menopause on prolactinoma behavior. EVIDENCE REVIEW: A systematic review of observational prospective or retrospective studies and clinical trials on prolactinomas was conducted in two situations: tumors diagnosed in the reproductive period (before menopause), with follow-up in the postmenopausal period, or prolactinomas diagnosed in the postmenopausal period, without language or date restrictions. Data extracted from the articles included patient and tumor characteristics (prolactinoma type, previous treatment, symptoms, and serum prolactin [PRL] levels). FINDINGS: This study included five studies comprising 180 participants. Prolactinomas diagnosed in women of reproductive age are treated with dopaminergic agonists (DAs), with indications of treatment withdrawal after menopause, exhibited stable tumor behavior and PRL levels. Considering the diagnosis during the postmenopausal period, macroprolactinomas were more prevalent and showed tumor shrinkage when DAs were used. Cabergoline, the most commonly used drug, lowers PRL levels and reduces symptoms associated with adenoma. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Microadenomas diagnosed before menopause can be followed up without treatment. Prolactinomas diagnosed after menopause are typically macroadenomas. Cabergoline remains the treatment of choice in the presence of clinical or compressive symptoms. We recommend at least one annual follow-up for such patients.


Assuntos
Neoplasias Hipofisárias , Prolactinoma , Humanos , Feminino , Prolactinoma/tratamento farmacológico , Prolactinoma/patologia , Cabergolina/uso terapêutico , Pós-Menopausa , Neoplasias Hipofisárias/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Hipofisárias/patologia , Agonistas de Dopamina/uso terapêutico , Estudos Retrospectivos , Estudos Prospectivos , Prolactina/uso terapêutico
17.
Int J Biol Macromol ; 259(Pt 1): 129114, 2024 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38181915

RESUMO

This study aims to investigate the ameliorative effect of Codonopsis lanceolata polysaccharide (PCL) on mice with hypogalatia induced by a high-fat diet (HFD) and the potential underlying mechanism. We found that oral administration of PCL demonstrated significant benefits in countering the negative effects of HFD, including weight gain, hepatic steatosis, mesenteric adipocyte hypertrophy, and abnormal glucose/lipid metabolism. In addition, PCL improved mammary gland development and enhanced lactogenesis performance. Histologically, PCL ameliorated the retardation of ductal growth, reduced mammary fat pad thickness, improved the incomplete linear encapsulation of luminal epithelium and myoepithelium, and increased the proliferation of mammary epithelial cells. Flow cytometry analysis showed that PCL mitigated the detrimental effects of HFD on mammary gland development by promoting the proliferation and differentiation of mammary epithelial cells. Mechanistic studies revealed that PCL upregulated the levels of prolactin (PRL) and its receptor (PRLR) in the mammary gland, activated JAK2/STAT5 signaling pathway, and increased the expression of p63, ERBB4, and NRG1. Overall, PCL can ameliorate HFD-induced hypogalactia by activating PRLR-mediated JAK2/STAT5 signaling. Our findings offer a methodological and theoretical foundation for investigating the functional constituents of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of hypogalactia.


Assuntos
Codonopsis , Transtornos da Lactação , Humanos , Feminino , Camundongos , Animais , Prolactina/metabolismo , Prolactina/farmacologia , Receptores da Prolactina/metabolismo , Codonopsis/metabolismo , Fator de Transcrição STAT5/metabolismo , Dieta Hiperlipídica/efeitos adversos , Transdução de Sinais , Período Pós-Parto , Polissacarídeos/farmacologia
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