Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Mostrar: 20 | 50 | 100
Resultados 1 - 20 de 348
Filtrar
1.
Commun Biol ; 6(1): 828, 2023 08 09.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37558752

RESUMO

Interleukin-2 (IL-2) engineered versions, with biased immunological functions, have emerged from yeast display and rational design. Here we reshaped the human IL-2 interface with the IL-2 receptor beta chain through the screening of phage-displayed libraries. Multiple beta super-binders were obtained, having increased receptor binding ability and improved developability profiles. Selected variants exhibit an accumulation of negatively charged residues at the interface, which provides a better electrostatic complementarity to the beta chain, and faster association kinetics. These findings point to mechanistic differences with the already reported superkines, characterized by a conformational switch due to the rearrangement of the hydrophobic core. The molecular bases of the favourable developability profile were tracked to a single residue: L92. Recombinant Fc-fusion proteins including our variants are superior to those based on H9 superkine in terms of expression levels in mammalian cells, aggregation resistance, stability, in vivo enhancement of immune effector responses, and anti-tumour effect.


Assuntos
Evolução Molecular Direcionada , Subunidade beta de Receptor de Interleucina-2 , Interleucina-2 , Biblioteca de Peptídeos , Humanos , Subunidade beta de Receptor de Interleucina-2/química , Interleucina-2/química , Interleucina-2/genética , Interleucina-2/metabolismo , Proteínas Recombinantes de Fusão/química , Proteínas Recombinantes de Fusão/genética , Proteínas Recombinantes de Fusão/metabolismo , Evolução Molecular Direcionada/métodos , Domínios Proteicos , Animais , Camundongos , Linhagem Celular Tumoral
2.
Allergol Immunopathol (Madr) ; 51(3): 1-7, 2023.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37169553

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Immune dysfunction is a common and serious complication of sepsis. This study finds key genes linked to immunity in sepsis. METHODS: The "Limma package" was used to analyze GSE154918 datasets for differentially expressed genes. The differentially expressed genes were then enriched for Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway, and interleukin 2 receptor subunit Beta (IL2RB) protein coding gene was chosen for investigation. IL2RB expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) was assessed by polymerase chain reaction. White blood cells of septic patients and healthy controls were collected from hospitals and linked with acute physiology and chronic health evaluation (APACHE) II, sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA), C-reactive protein (CRP), and procalcitonin (PCT) of septic patients using Pearson's correlation analysis. PBMC cells were transfected with IL2RB, and the effect of transfection was observed on cellular interferon gamma (IFN-γ), interleukin (IL)-12, IL-4, IL-10, and IL-17A. RESULTS: A total of 686 differential genes, comprising 446 upregulated and 240 down regulated genes, were identified. The enrichment of KEGG pathway revealed that the majority of differential genes were enriched in the T helper (Th1)/Th2 cell and Th17 cell differentiation pathways. In patients with sepsis, correlation analysis revealed a negative correlation between IL2RB and APACHE II score, SOFA score, CRP, and PCT. IFN-γ and IL-12 levels were elevated in PBMC of septic patients after IL2RB transfection, but IL-4, IL-10, and IL-17A levels were lowered. CONCLUSION: Sepsis-induced immunological dysfunction is improved by IL2RB, which also balances Th1/Th2 responses and prevents Th17 activation. © 2023 Codon Publications. Published by Codon Publications.


Assuntos
Leucócitos Mononucleares , Sepse , Humanos , Proteína C-Reativa , Interleucina-10 , Interleucina-12 , Interleucina-17 , Subunidade beta de Receptor de Interleucina-2 , Interleucina-4 , Sepse/genética , Sepse/imunologia , Células Th1 , Células Th17 , Células Th2
3.
Nature ; 610(7930): 173-181, 2022 10.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36171288

RESUMO

Combination therapy with PD-1 blockade and IL-2 is highly effective during chronic lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection1. Here we examine the underlying basis for this synergy. We show that PD-1 + IL-2 combination therapy, in contrast to PD-1 monotherapy, substantially changes the differentiation program of the PD-1+TCF1+ stem-like CD8+ T cells and results in the generation of transcriptionally and epigenetically distinct effector CD8+ T cells that resemble highly functional effector CD8+ T cells seen after an acute viral infection. The generation of these qualitatively superior CD8+ T cells that mediate viral control underlies the synergy between PD-1 and IL-2. Our results show that the PD-1+TCF1+ stem-like CD8+ T cells, also referred to as precursors of exhausted CD8+ T cells, are not fate-locked into the exhaustion program and their differentiation trajectory can be changed by IL-2 signals. These virus-specific effector CD8+ T cells emerging from the stem-like CD8+ T cells after combination therapy expressed increased levels of the high-affinity IL-2 trimeric (CD25-CD122-CD132) receptor. This was not seen after PD-1 blockade alone. Finally, we show that CD25 engagement with IL-2 has an important role in the observed synergy between IL-2 cytokine and PD-1 blockade. Either blocking CD25 with an antibody or using a mutated version of IL-2 that does not bind to CD25 but still binds to CD122 and CD132 almost completely abrogated the synergistic effects observed after PD-1 + IL-2 combination therapy. There is considerable interest in PD-1 + IL-2 combination therapy for patients with cancer2,3, and our fundamental studies defining the underlying mechanisms of how IL-2 synergizes with PD-1 blockade should inform these human translational studies.


Assuntos
Linfócitos T CD8-Positivos , Interleucina-2 , Receptor de Morte Celular Programada 1 , Linfócitos T CD8-Positivos/citologia , Linfócitos T CD8-Positivos/efeitos dos fármacos , Linfócitos T CD8-Positivos/imunologia , Diferenciação Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Quimioterapia Combinada , Humanos , Subunidade gama Comum de Receptores de Interleucina , Interleucina-2/imunologia , Interleucina-2/farmacologia , Interleucina-2/uso terapêutico , Subunidade alfa de Receptor de Interleucina-2 , Subunidade beta de Receptor de Interleucina-2 , Coriomeningite Linfocítica/tratamento farmacológico , Coriomeningite Linfocítica/imunologia , Receptor de Morte Celular Programada 1/antagonistas & inibidores , Fator 1 de Transcrição de Linfócitos T
4.
Biomed Res Int ; 2022: 2114699, 2022.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35924269

RESUMO

Aims: The clinical diagnosis of Kawasaki disease (KD) is not easy because of many atypical manifestations. This study is aimed at finding potential diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets for KD and analysing their correlation with immune cell infiltrations. Methods: First, we downloaded the KD dataset from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and used R software to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and perform functional correlation analysis. Then, CIBERSORT algorithm was used to evaluate immune cell infiltrations in samples. Coexpression analysis between DEGs and infiltrating immune cells was performed to screen the main infiltrating immune cells. Subsequently, the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) logistic regression analysis was used to screen the core genes related to KD. Finally, correlation analysis between the core genes and the main infiltrating immune cells was performed. Results: 327 DEGs were screened out in this study. Among them, 72 shared genes were the category of genes most likely to be disease-causing for they did not change before and after treatment. After analysis, it was found that expression level of IL2RB in KD tissues was significantly upregulated, the number of resting CD4+ memory T cells was decreased, and the decrease was significantly negatively correlated with the upregulated expression of IL2RB. Therefore, it was speculated that the upregulated expression of IL2RB disrupted Th1/Th2 cell differentiation balance, which led to a decrease of resting CD4+ memory T cells and finally caused disorder of immune microenvironment in patients with KD. Conclusions: Upregulated expression of IL2RB leads to disorder of immune microenvironment in patients with KD and eventually causes the occurrence and development of KD. Therefore, IL2RB may serve as a diagnostic marker and potential therapeutic target for KD.


Assuntos
Redes Reguladoras de Genes , Síndrome de Linfonodos Mucocutâneos , Linfócitos T CD4-Positivos , Perfilação da Expressão Gênica , Humanos , Subunidade beta de Receptor de Interleucina-2/genética , Síndrome de Linfonodos Mucocutâneos/genética
5.
Gene ; 827: 146472, 2022 Jun 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35381314

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is potentially life threatening and characterized by immune-inflammatory cell infiltration and extracellular matrix degradation. Currently, pharmacotherapy mainly aims to control risk factors without reversion of the dilated aorta. This study analyzed the immune-inflammatory response and identified the immune-related hub genes of AAA. METHOD: Gene Expression Omnibus datasets (GSE57691, GSE47472 and GSE7084) were downloaded. After identification of GSE57691 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), weighted gene co-expression network analysis of the DEGs was performed. Through enrichment analysis of each module and screening in Immunology Database and Analysis Portal, immune-related hub genes were identified via protein-protein interaction (PPI) network construction and lasso regression. CIBERSORT was utilized to analyze AAA immune infiltration. The correlations between the immune-related hub genes and infiltrating immune cells were investigated. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to determine immune-related hub gene cutoff values, which were validated in GSE47472 and GSE7084. RESULT: In GSE57691, 1,018 DEGs were identified. Five modules were identified in the co-expression network. The blue and green modules were found to be related to immune-inflammatory responses, and 61 immune-related genes were identified. PPI and lasso regression analyses identified FOS, IL-6 and IL2RB as AAA immune-related hub genes. CIBERSORT analysis indicated significantly increased infiltration of naive B cells, memory activated CD4 T cells, follicular helper T cells, monocytes and M1 macrophages and significantly decreased infiltration of M2 macrophages in AAA compared with normal samples. IL2RB was more strongly associated with immune infiltration in AAA than were FOS and IL6. The IL2RB area under the ROC curve (AUC) value was > 0.9 in both the training and validation set, demonstrating its strong, stable diagnostic value in AAA. CONCLUSION: AAA and normal samples had different immune infiltration statuses. IL2RB was identified as an immune-related hub gene and a potential hub gene with significant diagnostic value in AAA.


Assuntos
Aneurisma da Aorta Abdominal , Redes Reguladoras de Genes , Subunidade beta de Receptor de Interleucina-2/genética , Aneurisma da Aorta Abdominal/genética , Aneurisma da Aorta Abdominal/metabolismo , Biologia Computacional , Perfilação da Expressão Gênica , Humanos , Receptores de Interleucina-2/genética
6.
Front Immunol ; 12: 708874, 2021.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34484208

RESUMO

Regulatory T cells (Treg) are essential to maintain immune homeostasis and prevent autoimmune disorders. While the function and molecular regulation of Foxp3+CD4+ Tregs are well established, much of CD8+ Treg biology remains to be revealed. Here, we will review the heterogenous subsets of CD8+ T cells have been named "CD8+ Treg" and mainly focus on CD122hiLy49+CD8+ Tregs present in naïve mice. CD122hiLy49+CD8+ Tregs, which depends on transcription factor Helios and homeostatic cytokine IL-15, have been established as a non-redundant regulator of germinal center (GC) reaction. Recently, we have demonstrated that TGF-ß (Transforming growth factor-ß) and transcription factor Eomes (Eomesodermin) are essential for the function and homeostasis of CD8+ Tregs. In addition, we will discuss several open questions regarding the differentiation, function and true identity of CD8+ Tregs as well as a brief comparison between two regulatory T cell subsets critical to control GC reaction, namely CD4+ TFR (follicular regulatory T cells) and CD8+ Tregs.


Assuntos
Linfócitos T CD8-Positivos/imunologia , Linfócitos T Reguladores/imunologia , Animais , Linfócitos T CD8-Positivos/classificação , Centro Germinativo/imunologia , Humanos , Subunidade beta de Receptor de Interleucina-2/análise , Camundongos , Subfamília A de Receptores Semelhantes a Lectina de Células NK/análise , Linfócitos T Reguladores/classificação , Fator de Crescimento Transformador beta/fisiologia
7.
Cancer Sci ; 112(11): 4478-4489, 2021 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34545658

RESUMO

IL-2 is a pleiotropic cytokine that regulates immune cell homeostasis. Its immunomodulatory function has been used clinically as an active immunotherapy agent for metastatic cancers. However, severe adverse effects, including the vascular leak syndrome and the preferential stimulation of anti-immunogenic Treg rather than effector T cells, have been obstacles. We newly designed a mutein IL-2, Mutakine-6 (MK-6), with reduced IL-2Rα-binding capability. MK-6 induced comparable cell growth potential toward IL-2Rßγ-positive T cells but was far less efficient in in vitro Treg proliferation and STAT5 activation. Unlike IL-2, in vivo administration of MK-6 produced minimal adverse effects. Using CT26 and B16F10-syngeneic tumor models, we found MK-6 was highly efficacious on tumor regression. Serum albumin conjugation to MK-6 prolonged in vivo half-life and accumulated in CT26 tumors, showing enhanced antitumor effect. Tumor-infiltrating leukocytes analysis revealed that albumin-fused MK-6 increased the ratio of effector CD8+ T cells to CD4+ Treg cells. These results demonstrated that MK-6 is an efficient immunomodulator potentially used for improved immunotherapy with decreased adverse effects and attenuated Treg stimulation.


Assuntos
Linfócitos T CD4-Positivos/efeitos dos fármacos , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Fatores Imunológicos/farmacologia , Linfócitos do Interstício Tumoral/efeitos dos fármacos , Linfócitos T Reguladores/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Linfócitos T CD4-Positivos/citologia , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Feminino , Meia-Vida , Imunidade Celular , Subunidade gama Comum de Receptores de Interleucina/metabolismo , Interleucina-2/efeitos adversos , Interleucina-2/metabolismo , Interleucina-2/uso terapêutico , Subunidade alfa de Receptor de Interleucina-2/metabolismo , Subunidade beta de Receptor de Interleucina-2/metabolismo , Linfócitos do Interstício Tumoral/citologia , Linfócitos do Interstício Tumoral/fisiologia , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Fosforilação , Fator de Transcrição STAT5/metabolismo , Albumina Sérica/metabolismo , Linfócitos T Reguladores/citologia , Linfócitos T Reguladores/fisiologia , Proteínas Supressoras de Tumor/metabolismo
8.
J Clin Invest ; 131(19)2021 10 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34375310

RESUMO

NKTR-255 is a PEG conjugate of recombinant human IL-15 (rhIL-15) being examined as a potential cancer immunotherapeutic. Since IL-15 responses can be mediated by trans or cis presentation via IL-15Rα or soluble IL-15/IL-15Rα complexes, we investigated the role of IL-15Rα in driving NKTR-255 responses using defined naive and memory OVA-specific CD8+ T cells (OT-I) and NK cells in mice. NKTR-255 induced a 2.5- and 2.0-fold expansion of CD8+ T and NK cells, respectively, in WT mice. In adoptive transfer studies, proliferation of naive and memory WT OT-I T cells in response to NKTR-255 was not impaired in IL-15Rα-/- mice, suggesting trans presentation was not utilized by NKTR-255. Interestingly, naive IL-15Rα-/- OT-I cells had deficient responses to NKTR-255, while memory IL-15Rα-/- OT-I cell responses were partially impaired, suggesting that naive CD8+ T cells are more dependent on cis presentation of NKTR-255 than memory CD8+ T cells. In bone marrow chimera studies, IL-15Rα-/- and WT NK cells present in WT recipients had similar responses to NKTR-255, suggesting that cis presentation is not utilized by NK cells. NKTR-255 could form soluble complexes with IL-15Rα; binding to murine IL-15Rα generated superagonists that preferentially stimulated NK cells, showing that conversion to IL-15Rß agonist biases the response toward NK cells. These findings highlight the ability of NKTR-255 to utilize IL-15Rα for cis presentation and act as an IL-15Rαß agonist on CD8+ T cells.


Assuntos
Linfócitos T CD8-Positivos/efeitos dos fármacos , Interleucina-15/farmacologia , Células Matadoras Naturais/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Linfócitos T CD8-Positivos/imunologia , Feminino , Memória Imunológica , Interleucina-15/química , Subunidade alfa de Receptor de Interleucina-15/fisiologia , Subunidade beta de Receptor de Interleucina-2/agonistas , Células Matadoras Naturais/imunologia , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Polietilenoglicóis/química
9.
Front Immunol ; 12: 642856, 2021.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34054809

RESUMO

Invariant NKT (iNKT) cells are thymus-generated innate-like T cells, comprised of three distinct subsets with divergent effector functions. The molecular mechanism that drives the lineage trifurcation of immature iNKT cells into the NKT1, NKT2, and NKT17 subsets remains a controversial issue that remains to be resolved. Because cytokine receptor signaling is necessary for iNKT cell generation, cytokines are proposed to contribute to iNKT subset differentiation also. However, the precise roles and requirements of cytokines in these processes are not fully understood. Here, we show that IL-2Rß, a nonredundant component of the IL-15 receptor complex, plays a critical role in both the development and differentiation of thymic iNKT cells. While the induction of IL-2Rß expression on postselection thymocytes is necessary to drive the generation of iNKT cells, surprisingly, premature IL-2Rß expression on immature iNKT cells was detrimental to their development. Moreover, while IL-2Rß is necessary for NKT1 generation, paradoxically, we found that the increased abundance of IL-2Rß suppressed NKT1 generation without affecting NKT2 and NKT17 cell differentiation. Thus, the timing and abundance of IL-2Rß expression control iNKT lineage fate and development, thereby establishing cytokine receptor expression as a critical regulator of thymic iNKT cell differentiation.


Assuntos
Subunidade beta de Receptor de Interleucina-2/fisiologia , Células T Matadoras Naturais/fisiologia , Timo/imunologia , Animais , Diferenciação Celular , Interleucina-15/farmacologia , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Células T Matadoras Naturais/classificação , Células T Matadoras Naturais/citologia , Fator de Transcrição STAT5/fisiologia
10.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A ; 118(21)2021 05 25.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34006646

RESUMO

Colorectal cancer (CRC) represents the third most common malignancy and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Although immunotherapy has taken center stage in mainstream oncology, it has shown limited clinical efficacy in CRC, generating an urgent need for discovery of new biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets. Galectin-1 (Gal-1), an endogenous glycan-binding protein, induces tolerogenic programs and contributes to tumor cell evasion of immune responses. Here, we investigated the relevance of Gal-1 in CRC and explored its modulatory activity within the CD8+ regulatory T cell (Treg) compartment. Mice lacking Gal-1 (Lgals1-/- ) developed a lower number of tumors and showed a decreased frequency of a particular population of CD8+CD122+PD-1+ Tregs in the azoxymethane-dextran sodium sulfate model of colitis-associated CRC. Moreover, silencing of tumor-derived Gal-1 in the syngeneic CT26 CRC model resulted in reduced number and attenuated immunosuppressive capacity of CD8+CD122+PD-1+ Tregs, leading to slower tumor growth. Moreover, stromal Gal-1 also influenced the fitness of CD8+ Tregs, highlighting the contribution of both tumor and stromal-derived Gal-1 to this immunoregulatory effect. Finally, bioinformatic analysis of a colorectal adenocarcinoma from The Cancer Genome Atlas dataset revealed a particular signature characterized by high CD8+ Treg score and elevated Gal-1 expression, which delineates poor prognosis in human CRC. Our findings identify CD8+CD122+PD-1+ Tregs as a target of the immunoregulatory activity of Gal-1, suggesting a potential immunotherapeutic strategy for the treatment of CRC.


Assuntos
Adenocarcinoma/genética , Linfócitos T CD8-Positivos/imunologia , Colite/genética , Neoplasias Colorretais/genética , Galectina 1/genética , Linfócitos T Reguladores/imunologia , Adenocarcinoma/imunologia , Adenocarcinoma/mortalidade , Adenocarcinoma/patologia , Animais , Atlas como Assunto , Azoximetano/administração & dosagem , Linfócitos T CD8-Positivos/patologia , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Colite/induzido quimicamente , Colite/imunologia , Colite/mortalidade , Neoplasias Colorretais/imunologia , Neoplasias Colorretais/mortalidade , Neoplasias Colorretais/patologia , Biologia Computacional , Sulfato de Dextrana/administração & dosagem , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Galectina 1/deficiência , Galectina 1/imunologia , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica , Humanos , Subunidade beta de Receptor de Interleucina-2/genética , Subunidade beta de Receptor de Interleucina-2/imunologia , Camundongos , Camundongos Knockout , Receptor de Morte Celular Programada 1/genética , Receptor de Morte Celular Programada 1/imunologia , Transdução de Sinais , Análise de Sobrevida , Linfócitos T Reguladores/patologia , Carga Tumoral
11.
Nat Commun ; 12(1): 2715, 2021 05 11.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33976157

RESUMO

Efficient immune responses rely on heterogeneity, which in CD8+ T cells, amongst other mechanisms, is achieved by asymmetric cell division (ACD). Here we find that ageing, known to negatively impact immune responses, impairs ACD in murine CD8+ T cells, and that this phenotype can be rescued by transient mTOR inhibition. Increased ACD rates in mitotic cells from aged mice restore the expansion and memory potential of their cellular progenies. Further characterization of the composition of CD8+ T cells reveals that virtual memory cells (TVM cells), which accumulate during ageing, have a unique proliferation and metabolic profile, and retain their ability to divide asymmetrically, which correlates with increased memory potential. The opposite is observed for naive CD8+ T cells from aged mice. Our data provide evidence on how ACD modulation contributes to long-term survival and function of T cells during ageing, offering new insights into how the immune system adapts to ageing.


Assuntos
Envelhecimento/genética , Divisão Celular Assimétrica/genética , Linfócitos T CD8-Positivos/imunologia , Memória Imunológica/genética , Serina-Treonina Quinases TOR/genética , Envelhecimento/imunologia , Animais , Divisão Celular Assimétrica/imunologia , Linfócitos T CD8-Positivos/citologia , Linfócitos T CD8-Positivos/efeitos dos fármacos , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Regulação da Expressão Gênica , Imunidade Inata , Interferon gama/genética , Interferon gama/imunologia , Interleucina-1beta/genética , Interleucina-1beta/imunologia , Subunidade beta de Receptor de Interleucina-2/genética , Subunidade beta de Receptor de Interleucina-2/imunologia , Lectinas Tipo C/genética , Lectinas Tipo C/imunologia , Ativação Linfocitária , Camundongos , Subfamília K de Receptores Semelhantes a Lectina de Células NK/genética , Subfamília K de Receptores Semelhantes a Lectina de Células NK/imunologia , Receptores CXCR3/genética , Receptores CXCR3/imunologia , Receptores Imunológicos/genética , Receptores Imunológicos/imunologia , Receptores de Interleucina-7/genética , Receptores de Interleucina-7/imunologia , Transdução de Sinais , Sirolimo/farmacologia , Serina-Treonina Quinases TOR/antagonistas & inibidores , Serina-Treonina Quinases TOR/imunologia
12.
Atherosclerosis ; 326: 1-10, 2021 06.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33945906

RESUMO

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The relationship between inflammation and lipid metabolism is complex and bidirectional. Lymphocyte-driven inflammation has been shown to modulate both atherosclerotic plaque development and cholesterol levels, but the mechanisms are incompletely understood. METHODS: The cardiometabolic effects of IL-2Rßγ signalling in atherosclerotic Apoe-/- mice were investigated by treatment with an agonistic IL-2Rßγ-targeting IL-2/anti-IL-2 complex or a monoclonal anti-CD122 (IL-2Rß) blocking antibody. RESULTS: Administration of IL-2Rßγ agonistic IL-2/anti-IL-2 complexes to Apoe-/- mice augmented opposing arms of the adaptive immune system. Expansion of effector/memory T cells and increased levels of circulating pro-inflammatory cytokines were observed along with elevated levels of regulatory T cells and IL-10. Notably, IL-2/anti-IL-2 treatment did not affect plaque size but decreased levels of plasma cholesterol. The cholesterol lowering effect of IL-2Rßγ agonism was not affected by anti-CD8 or anti-NK1.1 depleting antibody treatment but was contingent on the presence of adaptive immunity. Expression of multiple liver X receptor (LXR)-related genes, including Pltp and Srebp1c in the liver, was decreased by IL-2/anti-IL-2 treatment. Although IL-2Rßγ agonism lowered cholesterol levels, blocking IL-2Rßγ signalling using an anti-CD122 monoclonal antibody did not impact cholesterol levels or plaque burden in Apoe-/- mice. CONCLUSIONS: Elevated IL-2Rßγ signalling results in activation of both inflammatory and regulatory lymphocytes with a net zero effect on atherosclerosis and decreased plasma cholesterol levels. Changes in cholesterol levels were associated with reductions in hepatic LXR-related gene expression. Further studies are needed to investigate the clinical significance of IL-2 mediated modulation of hepatic LXR signalling in inflammatory disorders.


Assuntos
Aterosclerose , Subunidade beta de Receptor de Interleucina-2 , Placa Aterosclerótica , Animais , Colesterol , Inflamação , Linfócitos , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Camundongos Knockout para ApoE
13.
Science ; 372(6543)2021 05 14.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33986151

RESUMO

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) increase in activated T cells because of metabolic activity induced to support T cell proliferation and differentiation. We show that these ROS trigger an oxidative stress response that leads to translation repression. This response is countered by Schlafen 2 (SLFN2), which directly binds transfer RNAs (tRNAs) to protect them from cleavage by the ribonuclease angiogenin. T cell-specific SLFN2 deficiency results in the accumulation of tRNA fragments, which inhibit translation and promote stress-granule formation. Interleukin-2 receptor ß (IL-2Rß) and IL-2Rγ fail to be translationally up-regulated after T cell receptor stimulation, rendering SLFN2-deficient T cells insensitive to interleukin-2's mitogenic effects. SLFN2 confers resistance against the ROS-mediated translation-inhibitory effects of oxidative stress normally induced by T cell activation, permitting the robust protein synthesis necessary for T cell expansion and immunity.


Assuntos
Proteínas de Ciclo Celular/metabolismo , Imunidade Celular , Estresse Oxidativo , RNA de Transferência/metabolismo , Linfócitos T/imunologia , Animais , Proteínas de Ciclo Celular/genética , Proliferação de Células , Feminino , Deleção de Genes , Infecções por Herpesviridae/imunologia , Subunidade gama Comum de Receptores de Interleucina/genética , Subunidade gama Comum de Receptores de Interleucina/metabolismo , Interleucina-2/metabolismo , Subunidade beta de Receptor de Interleucina-2/genética , Subunidade beta de Receptor de Interleucina-2/metabolismo , Ativação Linfocitária , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Camundongos Transgênicos , Muromegalovirus , Ligação Proteica , Biossíntese de Proteínas , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismo , Receptores de Antígenos de Linfócitos T/imunologia , Receptores de Antígenos de Linfócitos T/metabolismo , Ribonuclease Pancreático/genética , Ribonuclease Pancreático/metabolismo , Transdução de Sinais
14.
Front Immunol ; 12: 646159, 2021.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33953717

RESUMO

IL-15 is one of the important biologics considered for vaccine adjuvant and treatment of cancer. However, a short half-life and poor bioavailability limit its therapeutic potential. Herein, we have structured IL-15 into a chimeric protein to improve its half-life enabling greater bioavailability for longer periods. We have covalently linked IL-15 with IgG2 base to make the IL-15 a stable chimeric protein, which also increased its serum half-life by 40 fold. The dimeric structure of this kind of IgG based biologics has greater stability, resistance to proteolytic cleavage, and less frequent dosing schedule with minimum dosage for achieving the desired response compared to that of their monomeric forms. The structured chimeric IL-15 naturally forms a dimer, and retains its affinity for binding to its receptor, IL-15Rß. Moreover, with the focused action of the structured chimeric IL-15, antigen-presenting cells (APC) would transpresent chimeric IL-15 along with antigen to the T cell, that will help the generation of quantitatively and qualitatively better antigen-specific memory T cells. In vitro and in vivo studies demonstrate the biological activity of chimeric IL-15 with respect to its ability to induce IL-15 signaling and modulating CD8+ T cell response in favor of memory generation. Thus, a longer half-life, dimeric nature, and anticipated focused transpresentation by APCs to the T cells will make chimeric IL-15 a super-agonist for memory CD8+ T cell responses.


Assuntos
Apresentação de Antígeno/imunologia , Células Apresentadoras de Antígenos/imunologia , Interleucina-15/imunologia , Proteínas Recombinantes de Fusão/imunologia , Animais , Células CHO , Cricetulus , Feminino , Genes de Cadeia Pesada de Imunoglobulina , Humanos , Imunoglobulina G/química , Interleucina-15/química , Interleucina-15/genética , Interleucina-15/metabolismo , Subunidade beta de Receptor de Interleucina-2/metabolismo , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Multimerização Proteica , Estabilidade Proteica
15.
Biomed Res Int ; 2021: 6624702, 2021.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33954185

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Acute lung injury (ALI) induced by sepsis is a process related to inflammatory reactions, which involves lung cell apoptosis and production of inflammatory cytokine. Here, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was applied to stimulate the mouse or human normal lung epithelial cell line (BEAS-2B) to construct a sepsis model in vivo and in vitro, and we also investigated the effect of miR-497-5p on sepsis-induced ALI. Material and Methods. Before LPS treatment, miR-497-5p antagomir was injected intravenously into mice to inhibit miR-497-5p expression in vivo. Similarly, miR-497-5p was knocked down in BEAS-2B cells. Luciferase reporter assay was applied to predict and confirm the miR-497-5p target gene. Cell viability, apoptosis, the levels of miR-497-5p, IL2RB, SP1, inflammatory cytokine, and lung injury were assessed. RESULTS: In BEAS-2B cells, a significant increase of apoptosis and inflammatory cytokine was shown after LPS stimulation. In septic mice, increased inflammatory cytokine production and apoptosis in lung cells and pulmonary morphological abnormalities were shown. The miR-497-5p inhibitor transfection showed antiapoptotic and anti-inflammatory effects on BEAS-2B cells upon LPS stimulation. In septic mice, the miR-497-5p antagomir injection also alleviated ALI, apoptosis, and inflammation caused by sepsis. The downregulation of IL2RB in BEAS-2B cells reversed the protective effects of the miR-497-5p inhibitor against ALI. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, downregulation of miR-497-5p reduced ALI caused by sepsis through targeting IL2RB, indicating the potential effect of miR-497-5p for improving ALI caused by sepsis.


Assuntos
Lesão Pulmonar Aguda/etiologia , Regulação para Baixo/genética , Subunidade beta de Receptor de Interleucina-2/metabolismo , MicroRNAs/genética , Sepse/complicações , Animais , Apoptose , Sequência de Bases , Linhagem Celular , Citocinas/metabolismo , Humanos , Mediadores da Inflamação/metabolismo , Lipopolissacarídeos , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , MicroRNAs/metabolismo , Regiões Promotoras Genéticas/genética , Fator de Transcrição Sp1/metabolismo , Regulação para Cima/genética
16.
BMC Immunol ; 22(1): 30, 2021 05 12.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33980160

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) signaling is considered to regulate anti-inflammatory responses in macrophages, dendritic cell maturation, osteoclast development, induction of obesity, and Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis. However, little is known regarding the effect of TREM2 on natural killer (NK) cells. RESULTS: Here, we demonstrated for the first time that CD3-CD122+NK1.1+ precursor NK (pNK) cells expressed TREM2 and their population increased in TREM2-overexpressing transgenic (TREM2-TG) mice compared with that in female C57BL/6 J wild type (WT) mice. Both NK cell-activating receptors and NK cell-associated genes were expressed at higher levels in various tissues of TREM2-TG mice than in WT mice. In addition, bone marrow-derived hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) of TREM2-TG mice (TG-HSCs) successfully differentiated into NK cells in vitro, with a higher yield from TG-HSCs than from WT-HSCs. In contrast, TREM2 signaling inhibition by TREM2-Ig or a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor affected the expression of the NK cell receptor repertoire and decreased the expression levels of NK cell-associated genes, resulting in significant impairment of NK cell differentiation. Moreover, in melanoma-bearing WT mice, injection of bone marrow cells from TREM2-TG mice exerted greater antitumor effects than that with cells from WT control mice. CONCLUSIONS: Collectively, our data clearly showed that TREM2 promoted NK cell development and tumor regression, suggesting TREM2 as a new candidate for cancer immunotherapy.


Assuntos
Células da Medula Óssea/imunologia , Células Matadoras Naturais/imunologia , Melanoma/imunologia , Glicoproteínas de Membrana/metabolismo , Receptores Imunológicos/metabolismo , Animais , Transplante de Medula Óssea , Complexo CD3/metabolismo , Diferenciação Celular , Feminino , Humanos , Imunoterapia Adotiva , Subunidade beta de Receptor de Interleucina-2/metabolismo , Melanoma/terapia , Melanoma Experimental , Glicoproteínas de Membrana/genética , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Camundongos Transgênicos , Neoplasias Experimentais , Receptores Imunológicos/genética
17.
Sci Rep ; 11(1): 10592, 2021 05 19.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34011961

RESUMO

The use of recombinant interleukin-2 (IL-2) as a therapeutic protein has been limited by significant toxicities despite its demonstrated ability to induce durable tumor-regression in cancer patients. The adverse events and limited efficacy of IL-2 treatment are due to the preferential binding of IL-2 to cells that express the high-affinity, trimeric receptor, IL-2Rαßγ such as endothelial cells and T-regulatory cells, respectively. Here, we describe a novel bispecific heavy-chain only antibody which binds to and activates signaling through the heterodimeric IL-2Rßγ receptor complex that is expressed on resting T-cells and NK cells. By avoiding binding to IL-2Rα, this molecule circumvents the preferential T-reg activation of native IL-2, while maintaining the robust stimulatory effects on T-cells and NK-cells in vitro. In vivo studies in both mice and cynomolgus monkeys confirm the molecule's in vivo biological activity, extended pharmacodynamics due to the Fc portion of the molecule, and enhanced safety profile. Together, these results demonstrate that the bispecific antibody is a safe and effective IL-2R agonist that harnesses the benefits of the IL-2 signaling pathway as a potential anti-cancer therapy.


Assuntos
Anticorpos Biespecíficos/farmacologia , Antineoplásicos Imunológicos/farmacologia , Subunidade gama Comum de Receptores de Interleucina/agonistas , Subunidade beta de Receptor de Interleucina-2/agonistas , Linfócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Células CHO , Cricetulus , Avaliação Pré-Clínica de Medicamentos , Células HEK293 , Humanos , Subunidade gama Comum de Receptores de Interleucina/imunologia , Subunidade beta de Receptor de Interleucina-2/imunologia , Macaca fascicularis , Masculino , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C
18.
Eur J Immunol ; 51(7): 1732-1747, 2021 07.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33844287

RESUMO

Long-lived T-memory stem cells (TSCM ) are key to both naturally occurring and vaccine-conferred protection against infection. These cells are characterized by the CD45RA+ CCR7+ CD95+ phenotype. Significant heterogeneity within the TSCM population is recognized, but distinguishing surface markers and functional characterization of potential subsets are lacking. Human CD8 TSCM subsets were identified in healthy subjects who had been previously exposed to CMV or Influenza (Flu) virus in flow cytometry by expression of CD122 or CXCR3, and then characterized in proliferation, multipotency, self-renewal, and intracellular cytokine production (TNF-α, IL-2, IFN-γ), together with transcriptomic profiles. The TSCM CD122hi -expressing subset (versus CD122lo ) demonstrated greater proliferation, greater multipotency, and enhanced polyfunctionality with higher frequencies of triple positive (TNF-α, IL-2, IFN-γ) cytokine-producing cells upon exposure to recall antigen. The TSCM CXCR3lo subpopulation also had increased proliferation and polyfunctional cytokine production. Transcriptomic analysis further showed that the TSCM CD122hi population had increased expression of activation and homing molecules, such as Ccr6, Cxcr6, Il12rb, and Il18rap, and downregulated cell proliferation inhibitors, S100A8 and S100A9. These data reveal that the TSCM CD122hi phenotype is associated with increased proliferation, enhanced multipotency and polyfunctionality with an activated memory-cell like transcriptional profile, and hence, may be favored for induction by immunization and for adoptive immunotherapy.


Assuntos
Linfócitos T CD8-Positivos/imunologia , Memória Imunológica/imunologia , Subunidade beta de Receptor de Interleucina-2/imunologia , Receptores CXCR3/imunologia , Antígenos/imunologia , Citocinas/imunologia , Humanos , Imunoterapia Adotiva/métodos , Fenótipo , Células-Tronco/imunologia
19.
J Immunother Cancer ; 9(4)2021 04.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33849925

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Anti-programmed death-ligand 1 (αPD-L1) immunotherapy is approved to treat bladder cancer (BC) but is effective in <30% of patients. Interleukin (IL)-2/αIL-2 complexes (IL-2c) that preferentially target IL-2 receptor ß (CD122) augment CD8+ antitumor T cells known to improve αPD-L1 efficacy. We hypothesized that the tumor microenvironment, including local immune cells in primary versus metastatic BC, differentially affects immunotherapy responses and that IL-2c effects could differ from, and thus complement αPD-L1. METHODS: We studied mechanisms of IL-2c and αPD-L1 efficacy using PD-L1+ mouse BC cell lines MB49 and MBT-2 in orthotopic (bladder) and metastatic (lung) sites. RESULTS: IL-2c reduced orthotopic tumor burden and extended survival in MB49 and MBT-2 BC models, similar to αPD-L1. Using antibody-mediated cell depletions and genetically T cell-deficient mice, we unexpectedly found that CD8+ T cells were not necessary for IL-2c efficacy against tumors in bladder, whereas γδ T cells, not reported to contribute to αPD-L1 efficacy, were indispensable for IL-2c efficacy there. αPD-L1 responsiveness in bladder required conventional T cells as expected, but not γδ T cells, altogether defining distinct mechanisms for IL-2c and αPD-L1 efficacy. γδ T cells did not improve IL-2c treatment of subcutaneously challenged BC or orthotopic (peritoneal) ovarian cancer, consistent with tissue-specific and/or tumor-specific γδ T cell contributions to IL-2c efficacy. IL-2c significantly altered bladder intratumoral γδ T cell content, activation status, and specific γδ T cell subsets with antitumor or protumor effector functions. Neither IL-2c nor αPD-L1 alone treated lung metastatic MB49 or MBT-2 BC, but their combination improved survival in both models. Combination treatment efficacy in lungs required CD8+ T cells but not γδ T cells. CONCLUSIONS: Mechanistic insights into differential IL-2c and αPD-L1 treatment and tissue-dependent effects could help develop rational combination treatment strategies to improve treatment efficacy in distinct cancers. These studies also provide insights into γδ T cell contributions to immunotherapy in bladder and engagement of adaptive immunity by IL-2c plus αPD-L1 to treat refractory lung metastases.


Assuntos
Antígeno B7-H1/antagonistas & inibidores , Inibidores de Checkpoint Imunológico/farmacologia , Subunidade beta de Receptor de Interleucina-2/agonistas , Interleucina-2/farmacologia , Linfócitos Intraepiteliais/efeitos dos fármacos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias da Bexiga Urinária/tratamento farmacológico , Animais , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/farmacologia , Antígeno B7-H1/imunologia , Antígeno B7-H1/metabolismo , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Subunidade beta de Receptor de Interleucina-2/imunologia , Subunidade beta de Receptor de Interleucina-2/metabolismo , Linfócitos Intraepiteliais/imunologia , Linfócitos Intraepiteliais/metabolismo , Neoplasias Pulmonares/imunologia , Neoplasias Pulmonares/metabolismo , Neoplasias Pulmonares/secundário , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C3H , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Camundongos Transgênicos , Terapia de Alvo Molecular , Transdução de Sinais , Carga Tumoral/efeitos dos fármacos , Microambiente Tumoral , Neoplasias da Bexiga Urinária/imunologia , Neoplasias da Bexiga Urinária/metabolismo , Neoplasias da Bexiga Urinária/patologia
20.
Biochem Genet ; 59(3): 697-713, 2021 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33507447

RESUMO

The expression of IL-2RA and IL-2RB was correlated with breast cancer (BC) progression. However, there is no literature investigating the association of IL-2RA and IL-2RB polymorphisms with BC predisposition among Chinese Han Women. Seven SNPs in IL-2RA and IL-2RB were genotyped by Agena MassARRAY platform among 553 BC patients and 550 healthy controls. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) adjusted for age were calculated for the effect of IL-2RA and IL-2RB variants on BC susceptibility. IL-2RA rs12722498 was a protective factor for BC occurrence (OR = 0.70, p = 0.019), especially in subjects with age ≤ 52 years (OR = 0.55, p = 0.004). IL-2RA rs12569923 (OR = 9.07, p = 0.033), IL-2RB rs2281089 (OR = 0.67, p = 0.043) and rs9607418 (OR = 0.59, p = 0.012) were related to the incidence of estrogen receptor positive (ER +) BC. IL-2RB rs3218264 (OR = 1.38, p = 0.010) and rs9607418 (OR = 0.56, p = 0.009) were associated with the risk of developing progesterone receptor positive (PR +) BC. Rs2281089 (OR = 1.54, p = 0.012) and rs1573673 (OR = 0.72, p = 0.035) were correlated to Ki-67 level. Moreover, IL-2RB rs2281089 (OR = 0.72, p = 0.022) showed a reduced risk of BC metastasis, and IL-2RA rs12722498 (OR = 0.54, p = 0.030) had a lower frequency in BC patients with tumor size > 2 cm. Our study identified the potential effect of genetic variations in IL-2RA and IL-2RB on BC susceptibility and/or BC clinicopathologic indicators among Chinese Han Women.


Assuntos
Neoplasias da Mama/genética , Etnicidade/genética , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Subunidade alfa de Receptor de Interleucina-2/genética , Subunidade beta de Receptor de Interleucina-2/genética , Adulto , Idoso , Neoplasias da Mama/etnologia , Estudos de Casos e Controles , China , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Mutação
SELEÇÃO DE REFERÊNCIAS
DETALHE DA PESQUISA
...