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1.
FASEB J ; 38(3): e23460, 2024 Feb 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38315443

RESUMO

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. There are currently no effective treatments for TBI, and trauma survivors suffer from a variety of long-lasting health consequences. With nutritional support recently emerging as a vital step in improving TBI patients' outcomes, we sought to evaluate the potential therapeutic benefits of nutritional supplements derived from bovine thymus gland, which can deliver a variety of nutrients and bioactive molecules. In a rat model of controlled cortical impact (CCI), we determined that animals supplemented with a nuclear fraction of bovine thymus (TNF) display greatly improved performance on beam balance and spatial memory tests following CCI. Using RNA-Seq, we identified an array of signaling pathways that are modulated by TNF supplementation in rat hippocampus, including those involved in the process of autophagy. We further show that bovine thymus-derived extracts contain antigens found in neural tissues and that supplementation of rats with thymus extracts induces production of serum IgG antibodies against neuronal and glial antigens, which may explain the enhanced animal recovery following CCI through possible oral tolerance mechanism. Collectively, our data demonstrate, for the first time, the potency of a nutritional supplement containing nuclear fraction of bovine thymus in enhancing the functional recovery from TBI.


Assuntos
Lesões Encefálicas Traumáticas , Extratos do Timo , Humanos , Ratos , Animais , Bovinos , Extratos do Timo/farmacologia , Extratos do Timo/uso terapêutico , Lesões Encefálicas Traumáticas/tratamento farmacológico , Neurônios , Neuroglia , Hipocampo , Modelos Animais de Doenças
2.
Int Immunopharmacol ; 118: 109995, 2023 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36963263

RESUMO

The in vitro immunotropic actions of a calf thymus extract - thymus factor X (TFX®) preparation were investigated. The preparation did not lower the viability of the A549 epithelial cell line and mouse bone marrow cells in the investigated concentration range. TFX® exhibited a co-stimulatory action of concanavalin A (Con A)-induced mouse thymocyte proliferation and partially restored the mitogen-induced proliferation capability of mouse thymocytes exposed to hydrocortisone (HC). The preparation also inhibited Herpes virus-1 (HSV-1) replication in A549 cells when preincubated with the virus and when added to the infected cells. In addition, it weakly inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced TNF α, IL-1ß and IL-6 by the THP-1 monocyte cell line. The determination of mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) expression in Jurkat T cells revealed strong increases in ERK-2 kinase and p38α subunits. In WEHI 231 immature B cells, TFX® elevated p38α, and had a particularly strong elevating effect on p38γ. In HL-60 myeloblastic cells, the expression of p38α, ß and γ was not detectable, almost blocked for p38δ and JNK, but accompanied by an increase in ERK-1. In turn, the effects of TFX® in J744E macrophages resulted in a strong increase in p38γ expression, moderate elevations of ERK and a drop in p38δ. Significant increases in MAPK expression were also found in cells from the lymphoid organs. In the bone marrow cell population, p38α, ß and γ, in thymocytes p38α, γ and δ, and in splenocytes p38ß and γ, subunit expression was elevated. We conclude that the changes in MAPK expression may be attributed to cell maturation and differentiation, and explain the beneficial therapeutic effects of TFX®.


Assuntos
Proteínas Quinases Ativadas por Mitógeno , Extratos do Timo , Animais , Camundongos , Proteína Quinase 13 Ativada por Mitógeno , Timócitos , Proteínas Quinases p38 Ativadas por Mitógeno
3.
Int J Mol Sci ; 23(23)2022 Dec 02.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36499513

RESUMO

Thymus capitellatus Hoffmanns & Link is an endemic species of the Iberian Peninsula listed as near-threatened, due to its restricted geographical distribution, occurring mainly in Portugal's mainland. In this work, we detail for the first time T. capitellatus extracts' phytochemical composition, as well as an evaluation of bioactivities to point out potential health benefits. Aqueous decoction (AD) and hydroethanolic (HE) extracts were obtained, both rich in flavonoids. However, quercetin-(?)-O-hexoside was identified as the main compound in T. capitellatus HE extract, while the phenolic acid rosmarinic acid was the main component of AD extracts. In addition, HE extract presents significant amounts of salvianolic acids and of the terpenoids oleanolic and ursolic acid. Both extracts showed antioxidant activity, evaluated by their capacity to scavenge ABTS and superoxide radicals, as well as an ability to prevent lipid peroxidation. AD extracts were also effective in scavenging hydroxyl and nitric oxide radicals. As potential functional foods, T. capitellatus extracts presented neuroprotective and anti-diabetic activity, in addition to time- and dose-dependent anti-proliferative activity against Caco-2 (colorectal adenocarcinoma) and HepG2 (hepatic carcinoma) cells. HE extract presented higher cytotoxicity than AD extract, and HepG2 cells were more resistant than Caco-2 cells. After 24 h exposure to HE extract, the IC50 values were 330 µg/mL and 447 µg/mL for Caco-2 and HepG2 cells, respectively. T. capitellatus has potential as a functional food or as a source of bioactive molecules. These results also highlight the need to preserve species with as yet unknown molecular compositions and potential medicinal applications.


Assuntos
Antioxidantes , Extratos do Timo , Humanos , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Antioxidantes/química , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/química , Células CACO-2 , Peroxidação de Lipídeos
4.
Int J Mol Sci ; 21(7)2020 Mar 30.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32235584

RESUMO

Recurrent infection with human alphaherpesvirus 1 (HHV-1) may be associated with immune exhaustion that impairs virus elimination. Thymic peptides enhance immune function and thus could overcome immune exhaustion. In this study, we investigated whether reactivation of herpes infections was associated with immune exhaustion. Moreover, we examined the impact of treatment with thymostimulin on the expression of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and its ligand (PD-L1) on T and B lymphocytes in patients suffering from recurrent HHV-1 reactivation. We also assessed the effector function of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) after stimulation with thymic peptides. We enrolled 50 women with reactivated HHV-1 infections and healthy volunteers. We measured the expression of various activation and exhaustion markers on the surface of PBMCs using flow cytometry. In ex vivo experiments, we measured the secretion of inflammatory cytokines by PBMCs cultured with thymostimulin. Compared with controls, patients with reactivated HHV-1 infections had increased percentages of CD3+ co-expressing CD25, an activation marker (p < 0.001). Moreover, these patients had increased percentages of CD4+ and CD8+ cells co-expressing the inhibitory markers PD-1 and PD-L1. In cultures of PBMCs from the patients, thymostimulin increased the secretion of interferon gamma (p < 0.001) and interleukin (IL)-2 (p = 0.023), but not IL-4 or IL-10.Two-month thymostimulin therapy resulted in no reactivation of HHV-1 infection during this period and the reduction of PD-1 and PD-L1 expression on the surface of T and B lymphocytes (p < 0.001). In conclusion, reactivation of herpes infection is associated with immune exhaustion, which could be reversed by treatment with thymic peptides.


Assuntos
Adjuvantes Imunológicos/uso terapêutico , Herpes Simples/tratamento farmacológico , Herpesvirus Humano 1/efeitos dos fármacos , Infecção Latente/tratamento farmacológico , Extratos do Timo/uso terapêutico , Adjuvantes Imunológicos/farmacologia , Adulto , Antivirais/farmacologia , Antivirais/uso terapêutico , Células Cultivadas , Citocinas/imunologia , Feminino , Herpes Simples/imunologia , Herpesvirus Humano 1/imunologia , Humanos , Infecção Latente/imunologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Receptor de Morte Celular Programada 1/imunologia , Extratos do Timo/farmacologia
5.
Hum Mol Genet ; 26(4): 729-741, 2017 02 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28115417

RESUMO

TMEM230 is a newly identified Parkinson's disease (PD) gene encoding a transmembrane protein whose cellular and pathogenic roles remain largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate that loss of TMEM230 disrupts retromer cargo CI-M6PR (cation-independent mannose 6-phosphate receptor) trafficking and autophagic cargo degradation rates. TMEM230 depletion further inhibits extracellular secretion of the autophagic cargo p62 and immature lysosomal hydrolases in Golgi-derived vesicles leading to their intracellular accumulation, and is specifically mediated by loss of the small GTPase Rab8a. Importantly, PD-linked TMEM230 variants also induce retromer mislocalization, defective cargo trafficking, and impaired autophagy. Finally, we show that knockdown of another PD gene, LRRK2, which phosphorylates Rab8a, similarly impairs retromer trafficking, secretory autophagy and Golgi-derived vesicle secretion, thus demonstrating converging roles of two PD genes TMEM230 and LRRK2 on Rab8a function, and suggesting that retromer and secretory dysfunction play an important role in PD pathogenesis.


Assuntos
Complexo de Golgi/metabolismo , Proteínas de Membrana/metabolismo , Doença de Parkinson/metabolismo , Vesículas Secretórias/metabolismo , Proteínas rab de Ligação ao GTP/metabolismo , Animais , Células COS , Chlorocebus aethiops , Complexo de Golgi/genética , Células HEK293 , Humanos , Serina-Treonina Proteína Quinase-2 com Repetições Ricas em Leucina/genética , Serina-Treonina Proteína Quinase-2 com Repetições Ricas em Leucina/metabolismo , Proteínas de Membrana/genética , Doença de Parkinson/genética , Fosforilação/genética , Vesículas Secretórias/genética , Extratos do Timo , Proteínas rab de Ligação ao GTP/genética
6.
Vopr Virusol ; 61(2): 74-8, 2016.
Artigo em Russo | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27451499

RESUMO

The goal of this work was the evaluation of the frequency of human CMV infection among the women, whose pregnancy ended in miscarriage, detection of active forms of infection and treatment before pregnancy. Virological and sero-immunological techniques were used. A total of 116 women who had miscarriages before the 28 week of pregnancy were submitted to the CMV test. 109 women (94.0%) demonstrated positive results. 49 women (42.2%) had active form of the cytomegalovirus infection. 13 women (26.5%) had the recurrent form and 36 patients (73.5%) had the persistent form of CMV infection (stage of productive replication). All the women with active CMVI were treated before the next pregnancy. Immunomodulatory therapy for the treatment was used.


Assuntos
Aborto Habitual/diagnóstico , Anticorpos Antivirais/sangue , Antígenos Virais/sangue , Infecções por Citomegalovirus/diagnóstico , Citomegalovirus/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/diagnóstico , Aborto Habitual/imunologia , Aborto Habitual/terapia , Aborto Habitual/virologia , Acridinas/uso terapêutico , Adulto , Doença Crônica , Citomegalovirus/efeitos dos fármacos , Citomegalovirus/imunologia , Infecções por Citomegalovirus/imunologia , Infecções por Citomegalovirus/terapia , Infecções por Citomegalovirus/virologia , Feminino , Humanos , Imunoglobulinas/uso terapêutico , Imunoglobulinas Intravenosas , Fatores Imunológicos/uso terapêutico , Peptídeos/uso terapêutico , Gravidez , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/imunologia , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/terapia , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/virologia , Primeiro Trimestre da Gravidez , Segundo Trimestre da Gravidez , Recidiva , Extratos do Timo/uso terapêutico , Replicação Viral/efeitos dos fármacos
7.
Bull Exp Biol Med ; 159(5): 623-5, 2015 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26459479

RESUMO

We studied the effects of tactivin and splenic polypeptides on learning and memory of thymectomized animals. In 3-week rats, thymectomy blocked active avoidance conditioning. Injections of tactivin (0.5 mg/kg) during 1 month after surgery restored learning capacity; splenic polypeptides were ineffective.


Assuntos
Aprendizagem da Esquiva/efeitos dos fármacos , Memória/efeitos dos fármacos , Nootrópicos/farmacologia , Peptídeos/farmacologia , Timectomia , Extratos do Timo/farmacologia , Timo/química , Animais , Aprendizagem da Esquiva/fisiologia , Condicionamento Clássico/fisiologia , Memória/fisiologia , Nootrópicos/isolamento & purificação , Especificidade de Órgãos , Peptídeos/isolamento & purificação , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Baço/química , Extratos do Timo/isolamento & purificação , Timo/fisiologia , Timo/cirurgia
8.
Vestn Ross Akad Med Nauk ; (1): 113-7, 2015.
Artigo em Russo | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26027280

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to investigate the influence of thymic polypeptides on pain sensitivity and to analyze a possible role of the opioid system in the implementation of the analgesia caused by immobilization stress. METHODS: The study was performed on male Wistar rats at the Moscow state University named after M. V. Lomonosov. We studied effects of thymus peptides: thymuline (0.15 mg/kg), fraction 5 thymosin (0.25 microgram/kg) and cattle thymus extracted product (CTEP) (0.5 mg/kg) on pain sensitivity in rats using test "tail flick" without stress, with acute (3 h) and sub acute (12 h) immobilization stress. The comparison groups were animals treated with saline and spleen polypeptides. RESULTS: It is shown that preparations of thymus increase the threshold of pain sensitivity in the intact animals. Immobilization stress duration 3 and 12 h in thymus peptides treated rats caused a less pronounced increase in pain threshold than in the control groups (immobilization stress 3 h: CTEP--p = 0.025, thymuline--p = 0.022, fraction 5 thymosin--p = 0.033; immobilization stress 12 h: CTEP--p = 0.034, thymuline--p = 0.027, fraction 5 thymosin--p = 0.036). The opioid receptor blocker naloxone (1 mg/kg) did not completely block the stress-induced analgesia, indicating the presence of both opioid and non -opioid components in this state. In thymus peptides treated rats, opioid component was less pronounced than in the control groups (CTEP--p = 0.031, thymuline--p = 0.026, fraction 5 thymosin--p = 0.029). CONCLUSION: Pre-activation of the opioid system by the thymus polypeptides leads to an increase in the share of non-opioid component of the stress-induced analgesia and prevents the depletion of the opioid system in immobilization stress.


Assuntos
Naloxona/farmacologia , Dor , Restrição Física/efeitos adversos , Fator Tímico Circulante , Timosina , Timo/metabolismo , Analgesia/métodos , Animais , Bovinos , Masculino , Modelos Animais , Antagonistas de Entorpecentes/farmacologia , Dor/diagnóstico , Dor/tratamento farmacológico , Dor/etiologia , Dor/metabolismo , Dor/fisiopatologia , Manejo da Dor , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Receptores Opioides/metabolismo , Fator Tímico Circulante/metabolismo , Fator Tímico Circulante/farmacologia , Timosina/metabolismo , Timosina/farmacologia , Extratos do Timo/metabolismo , Extratos do Timo/farmacologia
10.
Vestn Ross Akad Med Nauk ; (7-8): 25-9, 2014.
Artigo em Russo | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25563001

RESUMO

AIM: The objective of this project was to explore the influence of immunoactive drugs (tactivin, thymulin, and thymosin fraction 5) on the development of the passive avoidance conditioned reflex. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two types of passive avoidance boxes were used--a regular two-chamber box and a modified three-chamber box, comprising a dark chamber in which rats were exposed to electrical shock, a safe dark chamber, and a light chamber in the center. RESULTS: The project has established that the memory trace persists longer under the influence of the immunoactive drugs in both models, which is consistent with the reference nootropic piracetam test results. Notably, the immunoactive drugs' mnemotropic effect was more pronounced in the modified three-chamber box than in the standard two-chamber box. Using the modified box helped to establish the influence of tactivin, thymulin, and thymosin fraction 5 on the spatial memory component. Immunotropic preparations from thymus caused the animals to select the safe chamber 24 hours later and in subsequent tests. CONCLUSION: The project's results indicate that the drugs tested do possess mnemotropic properties, so their range of clinical use can be broadened.


Assuntos
Adjuvantes Imunológicos/farmacologia , Aprendizagem da Esquiva , Condicionamento Clássico , Memória , Animais , Aprendizagem da Esquiva/efeitos dos fármacos , Aprendizagem da Esquiva/fisiologia , Condicionamento Clássico/efeitos dos fármacos , Condicionamento Clássico/fisiologia , Reação de Fuga/efeitos dos fármacos , Reação de Fuga/fisiologia , Masculino , Memória/efeitos dos fármacos , Memória/fisiologia , Modelos Biológicos , Peptídeos/farmacologia , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Fator Tímico Circulante/farmacologia , Timosina/análogos & derivados , Timosina/farmacologia , Extratos do Timo/farmacologia
13.
Bull Exp Biol Med ; 154(2): 233-6, 2012 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23330133

RESUMO

Apart from restoration of disordered immunological parameters, tactivin and derinat exhibit a pronounced effect on the higher integrative functions of the brain. Experiments on Wistar rats have shown that these drugs accelerated conditioning of food and defense responses. New methods for quantitative evaluation of memory trace consolidation are proposed.


Assuntos
Fatores Imunológicos/farmacologia , Aprendizagem/efeitos dos fármacos , Memória/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Encéfalo/efeitos dos fármacos , Encéfalo/fisiologia , DNA/farmacologia , Masculino , Peptídeos/farmacologia , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Extratos do Timo/farmacologia
14.
Eksp Klin Farmakol ; 75(11): 19-21, 2012.
Artigo em Russo | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23323328

RESUMO

It is established in experiments on noninbred rats that the use of imunofan (20 mg/kg daily) and polyoxidonium (150 mg/kg daily) for 7 days on the background of chronic intoxication with organophosphorus agent VX (0.01 LD50, single daily treatment for 30 days) resulted in almost complete recovery of phagocytic-metabolic activity of neutrophils, the content of lysozyme, cationic protein of platelet, and levels of proinflammatory cytokines TNFa, IL-1b and IL-6 in the blood. The administration of T-activin (20 mg/kg daily for 7 days) restores these parameters insignificantly. The maximum overall stimulatory effect was produced by polyoxidonium, while the minimum effect was observed for T-activin.


Assuntos
Antídotos/farmacologia , Substâncias para a Guerra Química/toxicidade , Fatores Imunológicos/farmacologia , Oligopeptídeos/farmacologia , Compostos Organotiofosforados/toxicidade , Piperazinas/farmacologia , Polímeros/farmacologia , Animais , Antídotos/uso terapêutico , Feminino , Intoxicação por Gás/tratamento farmacológico , Intoxicação por Gás/imunologia , Fatores Imunológicos/uso terapêutico , Interleucina-1beta/sangue , Interleucina-6/sangue , Masculino , Muramidase/sangue , Neutrófilos/efeitos dos fármacos , Neutrófilos/imunologia , Oligopeptídeos/uso terapêutico , Compostos Organotiofosforados/antagonistas & inibidores , Peptídeos/farmacologia , Fagocitose/efeitos dos fármacos , Piperazinas/uso terapêutico , Polímeros/uso terapêutico , Ratos , Extratos do Timo/farmacologia , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/sangue
15.
Histochem Cell Biol ; 136(1): 79-92, 2011 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21626126

RESUMO

Diabetes is a debilitating disease with chronic evolution that affects many tissues and organs over its course. Thymus is an organ that is affected early after the onset of diabetes, gradually involuting until it loses most of its thymocyte populations. We show evidence of accumulating free fatty acids with generation of eicosanoids in the diabetic thymus and we present a possible mechanism for the involution of the organ during the disease. Young rats were injected with streptozotocin and their thymuses examined for cell death by flow cytometry and TUNEL reaction. Accumulation of lipids in the diabetic thymus was investigated by histology and electron microscopy. The identity and quantitation of accumulating lipids was done with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography. The expression and dynamics of the enzymes were monitored via immunohistochemistry. Diabetes causes thymus involution by elevating the thymocyte apoptosis. Exposure of thymocytes to elevated concentration of glucose causes apoptosis. After the onset of diabetes, there is a gradual accumulation of free fatty acids in the stromal macrophages including arachidonic acid, the substrate for eicosanoids. The eicosanoids do not cause thymocyte apoptosis but administration of a cyclooxygenase inhibitor reduces the staining for ED1, a macrophage marker whose intensity correlates with phagocytic activity. Diabetes causes thymus involution that is accompanied by accumulation of free fatty acids in the thymic macrophages. Excess glucose is able to induce thymocyte apoptosis but eicosanoids are involved in the chemoattraction of macrophage to remove the dead thymocytes.


Assuntos
Ácido Araquidônico/metabolismo , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/metabolismo , Macrófagos/metabolismo , Timo/metabolismo , Animais , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/patologia , Imuno-Histoquímica , Macrófagos/citologia , Masculino , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Extratos do Timo/metabolismo , Timo/citologia , Timo/patologia
16.
Cochrane Database Syst Rev ; (2): CD003993, 2011 Feb 16.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21328265

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Purified thymus extracts (pTE) and synthetic thymic peptides (sTP) are thought to enhance the immune system of cancer patients in order to fight the growth of tumour cells and to resist infections due to immunosuppression induced by the disease and antineoplastic therapy. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effectiveness of pTE and sTP for the management of cancer. SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched CENTRAL (The Cochrane Library 2010, Issue 3), MEDLINE, EMBASE, AMED, BIOETHICSLINE, BIOSIS, CATLINE, CISCOM, HEALTHSTAR, HTA, SOMED and LILACS (to February 2010). SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomised trials of pTE or sTP in addition to chemotherapy or radiotherapy, or both, compared to the same regimen with placebo or no additional treatment in adult cancer patients. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two authors independently extracted data from published trials. We derived odds ratios (OR) from overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) rates, tumour response (TR) rates, and rates of adverse effects (AE) related to antineoplastic treatments. We used a random-effects model for meta-analysis. MAIN RESULTS: We identified 26 trials (2736 patients). Twenty trials investigated pTE (thymostimulin or thymosin fraction 5) and six trials investigated sTP (thymopentin or thymosin α(1)). Twenty-one trials reported results for OS, six for DFS, 14 for TR, nine for AE and 10  for safety of pTE and sTP. Addition of pTE conferred no benefit on OS (RR 1.00, 95% CI 0.79 to 1.25); DFS (RR 0.97, 95% CI 0.82 to 1.16); or TR (RR 1.07, 95% CI 0.92 to 1.25). Heterogeneity was moderate to high for all these outcomes. For thymosin α(1) the pooled RR for OS was 1.21 (95% CI 0.94 to 1.56, P = 0.14), with low heterogeneity; and 3.37 (95% CI 0.66 to 17.30, P = 0.15) for DFS, with moderate heterogeneity. The pTE reduced the risk of severe infectious complications (RR 0.54, 95% CI 0.38 to 0.78, P = 0.0008; I² = 0%). The RR for severe neutropenia in patients treated with thymostimulin was 0.55 (95% CI 0.25 to 1.23,  P = 0.15). Tolerability of pTE and sTP was good. Most of the trials had at least a moderate risk of bias. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: Overall, we found neither evidence that the addition of pTE to antineoplastic treatment reduced the risk of death or disease progression nor that it improved the rate of tumour responses to antineoplastic treatment. For thymosin α(1), there was a trend for a reduced risk of dying and of improved DFS. There was preliminary evidence that pTE lowered the risk of severe infectious complications in patients undergoing chemotherapy or radiotherapy.


Assuntos
Adjuvantes Imunológicos/uso terapêutico , Sistema Imunitário/efeitos dos fármacos , Neoplasias/imunologia , Peptídeos/uso terapêutico , Extratos do Timo/uso terapêutico , Timo/química , Adjuvantes Imunológicos/efeitos adversos , Adulto , Intervalo Livre de Doença , Feminino , Humanos , Hospedeiro Imunocomprometido , Masculino , Neoplasias/tratamento farmacológico , Peptídeos/efeitos adversos , Timalfasina , Timopentina/uso terapêutico , Timosina/análogos & derivados , Timosina/uso terapêutico , Extratos do Timo/efeitos adversos
17.
J Alzheimers Dis ; 22(2): 641-52, 2010.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20858976

RESUMO

Different mechanisms including oxidative stress are proposed for amyloid-ß peptide (Aß) neurotoxicity, and here we contribute to demonstrate that nitro-oxidative stress is playing a key role. Yeasts are a well-known model for H2O2 toxicity. Interestingly, yeast cell wall prevents interaction of Aß fibrils with membrane receptors or calcium channels and we found a significant viability reduction in yeasts when challenged with Aß fibrils. Furthermore, iron and copper chelators, as well as the antioxidants glutathione and trolox, were neuroprotective on neuroblastoma cells and mouse hippocampal neurons challenged with Aß fibrils. Glutathione prevents the oxidation, glycation and nitrotyrosination of cell proteins induced by Aß. Trolox protected neurons in cell viability studies, maintaining the vesicular transport integrity and preventing the trigger of apoptotic mechanisms. Interestingly, we have also found that brain derived neuronal factor (BDNF) and neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) were able to protect mouse hippocampal and cortical neurons against H2O2 and Aß fibrils. Considering that superoxide anion, produced by Aß cell damage, and nitric oxide, whose production is altered in AD, react to form the highly reactive peroxynitrite anion, we studied the role of trolox to ameliorate the peroxynitrite cell damage. Finally, one of the major proteins to be nitrotyrosinated in AD, the triose phosphate isomerase (TPI) was assayed searching for a denitrase activity that could reverse intracellular nitrotyrosination. We have found that human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells express a constitutive denitrase activity that partially denitrated nitro-TPI. Altogether, our results support a key role of nitro-oxidative stress in the neuronal damage induced by Aß fibrils.


Assuntos
Peptídeos beta-Amiloides/farmacologia , Amiloide/metabolismo , Neurônios/efeitos dos fármacos , Óxido Nítrico/metabolismo , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Idoso , Doença de Alzheimer/patologia , Peptídeos beta-Amiloides/metabolismo , Animais , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Caspase 3/metabolismo , Sobrevivência Celular , Células Cultivadas , Córtex Cerebral/citologia , Córtex Cerebral/metabolismo , Cromanos/farmacologia , Desferroxamina/farmacologia , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Embrião de Mamíferos , Glutationa/metabolismo , Hipocampo/citologia , Humanos , Peróxido de Hidrogênio/farmacologia , Imunoprecipitação/métodos , Marcação In Situ das Extremidades Cortadas/métodos , Masculino , Camundongos , Modelos Biológicos , Doadores de Óxido Nítrico/farmacologia , Nitroprussiato/farmacologia , Fragmentos de Peptídeos/farmacologia , Ratos , Sideróforos/farmacologia , Extratos do Timo/metabolismo
18.
Pol J Vet Sci ; 13(2): 233-40, 2010.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20731176

RESUMO

In order to determine the effect of apoptosis and necrosis on the intensity of the muscular phase of infection by Trichinella spiralis, male CFW mice were orally infected with T. spiralis larvae and treated with some immunomodulating drugs: calf thymus extract (TFX), lipopolysaccharide from Escherichia coli (LPS), and dexametasone (DEX). Treatment with TFX increased the proportion of apoptotic lymphocytes and decreased the proportion of necrotic lymphocytes from 14 to 60 days after infection in mice infected with T. spiralis. Treatment with LPS increased proportions of both apoptotic and necrotic lymphocytes from 21 to 60 days after infection, especially at 28 days after infection. Treatment with DEX increased the proportion of apoptotic lymphocytes only at 28 days after infection, and significantly increased the proportion of necrotic lymphocytes at 21 days after infection. Parasite load in the affected muscle tissue was significantly lower than the control in mice treated with TFX, not significantly different from the control in mice treated with LPS, and significantly higher than the control in mice treated with DEX. The results of the study suggest that the parasite made an effort to reduce the effectivity of the host immune response in order to ensure its own survival.


Assuntos
Imunossupressores/farmacologia , Inflamação/metabolismo , Linfócitos/fisiologia , Músculo Esquelético/patologia , Trichinella spiralis , Triquinelose/patologia , Animais , Apoptose , Bovinos , Dexametasona/administração & dosagem , Dexametasona/farmacologia , Imunossupressores/administração & dosagem , Lipopolissacarídeos/administração & dosagem , Lipopolissacarídeos/farmacologia , Masculino , Camundongos , Músculo Esquelético/parasitologia , Necrose , Extratos do Timo/administração & dosagem , Extratos do Timo/farmacologia , Triquinelose/parasitologia
19.
BMC Cancer ; 10: 457, 2010 Aug 24.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20735834

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Thymostimulin is a thymic peptide fraction with immune-mediated cytotoxicity against hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in vitro and palliative efficacy in advanced HCC in two independent phase II trials. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of thymostimulin in a phase III trial. METHODS: The study was designed as a prospective randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind, multicenter clinical phase III trial. Between 10/2002 and 03/2005, 135 patients with locally advanced or metastasised HCC (Karnofsky >or=60%/Child-Pugh

Assuntos
Carcinoma Hepatocelular/tratamento farmacológico , Indutores de Interferon/uso terapêutico , Neoplasias Hepáticas/tratamento farmacológico , Extratos do Timo/uso terapêutico , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/secundário , Progressão da Doença , Método Duplo-Cego , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Neoplasias Hepáticas/patologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Cuidados Paliativos , Placebos , Estudos Prospectivos , Taxa de Sobrevida , Resultado do Tratamento , Adulto Jovem
20.
Vestn Ross Akad Med Nauk ; (1): 23-6, 2010.
Artigo em Russo | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20408435

RESUMO

The action of the immunocorrective agent tactivin on CNS functional activity was studied in an experiment using outbred white rats. The drug was shown to affect the animals' behaviour in an elevated cross-shaped maze including learning capacity and ability to overcome functional disorders of conditioned active avoidance response. The data obtained suggest anti-stress activity of tactivin.


Assuntos
Adjuvantes Imunológicos/farmacologia , Aprendizagem da Esquiva/efeitos dos fármacos , Comportamento Animal/efeitos dos fármacos , Peptídeos/farmacologia , Extratos do Timo/farmacologia , Animais , Masculino , Ratos
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