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1.
Nat Commun ; 15(1): 1493, 2024 Feb 19.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38374043

RESUMO

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is driven by immune and stromal subsets, culminating in epithelial injury. Vedolizumab (VDZ) is an anti-integrin antibody that is effective for treating UC. VDZ is known to inhibit lymphocyte trafficking to the intestine, but its broader effects on other cell subsets are less defined. To identify the inflammatory cells that contribute to colitis and are affected by VDZ, we perform single-cell transcriptomic and proteomic analyses of peripheral blood and colonic biopsies in healthy controls and patients with UC on VDZ or other therapies. Here we show that VDZ treatment is associated with alterations in circulating and tissue mononuclear phagocyte (MNP) subsets, along with modest shifts in lymphocytes. Spatial multi-omics of formalin-fixed biopsies demonstrates trends towards increased abundance and proximity of MNP and fibroblast subsets in active colitis. Spatial transcriptomics of archived specimens pre-treatment identifies epithelial-, MNP-, and fibroblast-enriched genes related to VDZ responsiveness, highlighting important roles for these subsets in UC.


Assuntos
Colite Ulcerativa , Humanos , Colite Ulcerativa/tratamento farmacológico , Colite Ulcerativa/genética , Integrinas/genética , Multiômica , Proteômica , Fármacos Gastrointestinais/uso terapêutico , Resultado do Tratamento , Estudos Retrospectivos
2.
J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr ; 78(2): 261-271, 2024 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38374555

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Infliximab (IFX) use is limited by loss of response often due to the development of anti-IFX antibodies and low drug levels. METHODS: We performed a single center prospective observational cohort study of pediatric and young adult subjects with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) on IFX with over 3 years of follow-up. Infliximab levels (IFXL) and antibodies to infliximab (ATI) were measured throughout the study. Subjects were followed until IFX was discontinued. RESULTS: We enrolled 219 subjects with IBD (184: Crohn's disease; 33: Ulcerative colitis; and 2 Indeterminant colitis; 84 female, median age 14.4 years, 37% on concomitant immunomodulator). Nine hundred and nineteen serum samples (mean 4.2 ± 2.1 per patient) were tested for IFXL and ATI. During the study, 31 (14%) subjects discontinued IFX. Sixty patients had ATI. Twenty-two of those 60 patients with ATI discontinued IFX; 14 of 31 patients who discontinued IFX had detectable ATI at study onset. The combination of ATI and IFXL < 5 µg/mL at study entry was associated with the highest risk of drug discontinuation (hazard ratios [HR] ATI 4.27 [p < 0.001] and IFXL < 5 µg/mL [HR]: 3.2 p = 0.001). Patients with IFXL 5-10 µg/mL had the lowest rate of discontinuation (6%). IFX dose escalation eliminated ATI in 21 of 60 subjects. CONCLUSIONS: ATI is a strong predictor of needing to stop IFX use and inversely correlates with IFXL. Detection of ATI during therapeutic drug monitoring postinduction but also periodically during maintenance therapy identifies individuals who may benefit from IFX dose escalation and/or the addition of an immunomodulator, as these interventions may reduce or eliminate ATI.


Assuntos
Colite Ulcerativa , Doença de Crohn , Doenças Inflamatórias Intestinais , Adulto Jovem , Humanos , Criança , Feminino , Adolescente , Infliximab , Estudos Prospectivos , Doenças Inflamatórias Intestinais/tratamento farmacológico , Anticorpos , Monitoramento de Medicamentos , Fatores Imunológicos/uso terapêutico , Fármacos Gastrointestinais
5.
N Engl J Med ; 390(9): 783-794, 2024 Feb 29.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38381664

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Effective treatments for patients with primary biliary cholangitis are limited. Seladelpar, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta agonist, has potential benefits. METHODS: In this phase 3, 12-month, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, we randomly assigned (in a 2:1 ratio) patients who had had an inadequate response to or who had a history of unacceptable side effects with ursodeoxycholic acid to receive oral seladelpar at a dose of 10 mg daily or placebo. The primary end point was a biochemical response, which was defined as an alkaline phosphatase level less than 1.67 times the upper limit of the normal range, with a decrease of 15% or more from baseline, and a normal total bilirubin level at month 12. Key secondary end points were normalization of the alkaline phosphatase level at month 12 and a change in the score on the pruritus numerical rating scale (range, 0 [no itch] to 10 [worst itch imaginable]) from baseline to month 6 among patients with a baseline score of at least 4 (indicating moderate-to-severe pruritus). RESULTS: Of the 193 patients who underwent randomization and treatment, 93.8% received ursodeoxycholic acid as standard-of-care background therapy. A greater percentage of the patients in the seladelpar group than in the placebo group had a biochemical response (61.7% vs. 20.0%; difference, 41.7 percentage points; 95% confidence interval [CI], 27.7 to 53.4, P<0.001). Normalization of the alkaline phosphatase level also occurred in a greater percentage of patients who received seladelpar than of those who received placebo (25.0% vs. 0%; difference, 25.0 percentage points; 95% CI, 18.3 to 33.2, P<0.001). Seladelpar resulted in a greater reduction in the score on the pruritus numerical rating scale than placebo (least-squares mean change from baseline, -3.2 vs. -1.7; least-squares mean difference, -1.5; 95% CI, -2.5 to -0.5, P = 0.005). Adverse events were reported in 86.7% of the patients in the seladelpar group and in 84.6% in the placebo group, and serious adverse events in 7.0% and 6.2%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: In this trial involving patients with primary biliary cholangitis, the percentage of patients who had a biochemical response and alkaline phosphatase normalization was significantly greater with seladelpar than with placebo. Seladelpar also significantly reduced pruritus among patients who had moderate-to-severe pruritus at baseline. The incidence and severity of adverse events were similar in the two groups. (Funded by CymaBay Therapeutics; RESPONSE ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT04620733; EudraCT number, 2020-004348-27.).


Assuntos
Acetatos , Fármacos Gastrointestinais , Cirrose Hepática Biliar , Humanos , Acetatos/administração & dosagem , Acetatos/efeitos adversos , Acetatos/uso terapêutico , Fosfatase Alcalina/sangue , Método Duplo-Cego , Cirrose Hepática Biliar/sangue , Cirrose Hepática Biliar/complicações , Cirrose Hepática Biliar/tratamento farmacológico , Prurido/etiologia , Prurido/tratamento farmacológico , Resultado do Tratamento , Ácido Ursodesoxicólico/efeitos adversos , Ácido Ursodesoxicólico/uso terapêutico , PPAR delta/agonistas , Administração Oral , Bilirrubina/sangue , Fármacos Gastrointestinais/administração & dosagem , Fármacos Gastrointestinais/efeitos adversos , Fármacos Gastrointestinais/uso terapêutico , Colagogos e Coleréticos/administração & dosagem , Colagogos e Coleréticos/efeitos adversos , Colagogos e Coleréticos/uso terapêutico
6.
Ann Palliat Med ; 13(1): 183-186, 2024 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38316401

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Efficacy of the combination of octreotide and other drugs for the management of malignant bowel obstruction (MBO) has been well described. However, long-lasting stages with lack of stool emission are a challenging clinical condition of MBO that have never described. CASE DESCRIPTION: We describe two cases in which the addition of octreotide to supportive care measures, even given late after more than 3 weeks of no stool emission, resulted to be still effective in recovering the bowel transit. In the first case, a patient admitted to home palliative care had a nasogastric tube and reported to not have stool emission and passing gas for 25 days. Two days after starting the combination of octreotide and other drugs, the patient evacuated and the nasogastric tube was removed, without reporting nausea or episodes of vomiting. In the second case, a patient admitted to an acute palliative care unit, the patient had no stool emission for more than 3 weeks. A nasogastric tube was placed and comprehensive palliative care treatment was provided. Two days after starting a combination of octreotide and other drugs, the nasogastric tube was removed, without reporting vomiting. In both cases, bowel transit recovered and patients were able to initiate oral nutrition. CONCLUSIONS: The combination of octreotide with other drugs described for standard treatment for the management of MBO, should be attempted even in patients with very long periods of lack of feces emission.


Assuntos
Obstrução Intestinal , Octreotida , Humanos , Octreotida/uso terapêutico , Octreotida/efeitos adversos , Fármacos Gastrointestinais/uso terapêutico , Obstrução Intestinal/etiologia , Vômito/tratamento farmacológico , Náusea/tratamento farmacológico , Cuidados Paliativos
7.
J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr ; 78(3): 644-652, 2024 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38334232

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: The safety, efficacy, and cost savings associated with biosimilar medications are well established. However, a lack of pediatric data exists surrounding clinical outcomes when switching from an originator to a biosimilar. Our primary aim is to evaluate clinical outcomes following a nonmedical switch from the infliximab originator to a biosimilar in children and young adults with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Our secondary aim is to estimate cost savings associated with this switch. METHODS: A quality improvement project was implemented to establish safe switching protocols, then those patients who underwent a nonmedical switch from the infliximab originator to the biosimilar were retrospectively reviewed. Demographic data, physician global assessments (PGAs), and laboratory values were recorded 1 year pre- and post-switch. Continuation rates on the biosimilar were reported at 6 and 12 months. Cost savings were estimated using two different pricing models. RESULTS: Fifty-three patients underwent a nonmedical switch. Laboratory values including inflammatory markers, infliximab levels, and PGA scores remained similar when assessed pre- and post-switch. No infusion reactions or antidrug antibody development occurred. Two patients reported psoriasis-like rashes. Five patients switched back to the originator during the study period. There were 379 biosimilar infusions completed with an estimated total cost savings of $11,260 (average sales price) and $566,223 (wholesale acquisition cost). CONCLUSIONS: Clinical remission rates, inflammatory laboratory markers, serious adverse events, infliximab levels, and antidrug antibodies remained similar after a one-time nonmedical switch to an infliximab biosimilar. Nonmedical switching to biosimilars resulted in significant cost savings.


Assuntos
Medicamentos Biossimilares , Doenças Inflamatórias Intestinais , Humanos , Adulto Jovem , Criança , Infliximab/uso terapêutico , Medicamentos Biossimilares/uso terapêutico , Anticorpos Monoclonais/uso terapêutico , Estudos Retrospectivos , Redução de Custos , Doenças Inflamatórias Intestinais/tratamento farmacológico , Resultado do Tratamento , Fármacos Gastrointestinais/uso terapêutico
8.
Expert Opin Investig Drugs ; 33(3): 219-228, 2024 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38366822

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) has a significant impact on society and quality of life. Current treatments are ineffective, and new investigational drugs are necessary. AREAS COVERED: Numerous potential therapies are developing, targeting different areas such as cannabinoid signaling, opioid receptors, tachykinin (NK2) receptors, ß3-adrenergic receptors, intestinal microbiota, inflammation, and 5HT receptors. Clinical trial evidence has shown that loperamide, eluxadoline, alosetron, ramosetron, bile acid sequestrants, and rifaximin can modulate GI alterations and benefit patients with IBS-D. Among the potential therapies, ibodutant, ibudilast, blautix, BOS-589, solabegron, vibegron, olorinab, ebastine, and ORP-101 have demonstrated possible effects but remain confirmed. EXPERT OPINION: Individuals with IBS-D require cost-effective treatment options that do not impede their productivity or that of their caregivers. This is necessary for consistent healthcare and improved quality of life. Therefore, we should focus on developing new, efficient, and affordable medications for IBS-D. The government, insurers, and society must recognize this need and collaborate to ensure its fulfillment.


Assuntos
Compostos Heterocíclicos com 2 Anéis , Síndrome do Intestino Irritável , Humanos , Diarreia/tratamento farmacológico , Drogas em Investigação/farmacologia , Drogas em Investigação/uso terapêutico , Fármacos Gastrointestinais/farmacologia , Fármacos Gastrointestinais/uso terapêutico , Síndrome do Intestino Irritável/tratamento farmacológico , Qualidade de Vida , Ensaios Clínicos como Assunto
11.
Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol ; 36(4): 404-415, 2024 Apr 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38417060

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Vedolizumab is an anti-α4ß7 integrin antibody used to treat moderate to severe ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD). This post hoc analysis of patient-reported outcomes (PROs) from the VISIBLE 1 (NCT02611830) and 2 (NCT02611817) phase 3 studies evaluated onset of treatment effect on patient-reported symptoms during 6-week vedolizumab induction. METHODS: Patient-reported stool frequency (SF) and rectal bleeding (RB) (UC Mayo score), and SF and abdominal pain (AP) in CD were collected via electronic diary from VISIBLE patients receiving one or more open-label intravenous (IV) vedolizumab induction doses (weeks 0 and 2). PRO data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. RESULTS: Data from 994 patients (UC 383, CD 611) showed mean ratings for all PROs declined consistently week-on-week from baseline through week 6, with early onset of improvement. By week 2, 22% of patients with UC reported RB improvement (≥1-point reduction in RB subscore, 7-day mean), rising to 45% by week 6. By week 6, 18% of patients with UC achieved SF improvement (SF subscore 0; 21% antitumor necrosis factor alpha [anti-TNFα] naive, 13% anti-TNFα experienced). SF improvement in patients with CD (reduction of ≥3 stools, 7-day mean) was achieved by 32% at week 6 (34% anti-TNFα naive, 30% anti-TNFα experienced). Fewer patients with CD reported severe/moderate AP at week 6 (5.1%/28.5%) than baseline (14.6%/61.5%). SF decline appeared greater and faster for anti-TNFα-naive vs. anti-TNFα-experienced patients (UC and CD). CONCLUSION: Results indicate early onset of patient-reported UC and CD symptom improvement during vedolizumab IV induction in VISIBLE 1 and 2.


Assuntos
Anticorpos Monoclonais Humanizados , Colite Ulcerativa , Doença de Crohn , Humanos , Colite Ulcerativa/diagnóstico , Colite Ulcerativa/tratamento farmacológico , Doença de Crohn/diagnóstico , Doença de Crohn/tratamento farmacológico , Quimioterapia de Indução , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa , Medidas de Resultados Relatados pelo Paciente , Fármacos Gastrointestinais/efeitos adversos , Resultado do Tratamento , Indução de Remissão
12.
Medicina (Kaunas) ; 60(2)2024 Jan 31.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38399538

RESUMO

Background: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), encompassing ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, necessitates long-term medical therapy to manage symptoms and prevent complications. Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) has emerged as a strategy to optimize treatment efficacy, particularly with anti-tumour necrosis factor (anti-TNF) alpha drugs. This review explores the role of TDM for non-anti-TNF advanced therapies in IBD, focusing on vedolizumab, ustekinumab, tofacitinib, upadacitinib, risankizumab and ozanimod. Methods: The literature search, conducted through OVID (Medline) and PubMed, delves into proactive versus reactive TDM, timing of monitoring and methods for measuring drug levels and anti-drug antibodies. Results: While ustekinumab and vedolizumab exhibit exposure-response relationships, consensus on target levels and the role of TDM adjustments remains elusive. Limited data on risankizumab suggest a dose-dependent response, while for small molecule therapies (janus kinase inhibitors and ozanimod), the absence of real-world data and commercially available TDM tools pose challenges. Conclusion: At present, with the available data, there is a limited role for TDM in non-anti-TNF biologic and small-molecule therapies. This review underscores the need for further research to delineate the utility of TDM in guiding treatment decisions for these agents.


Assuntos
Produtos Biológicos , Indanos , Doenças Inflamatórias Intestinais , Oxidiazóis , Humanos , Ustekinumab/uso terapêutico , Inibidores do Fator de Necrose Tumoral/uso terapêutico , Monitoramento de Medicamentos/métodos , Fármacos Gastrointestinais/uso terapêutico , Doenças Inflamatórias Intestinais/tratamento farmacológico , Doenças Inflamatórias Intestinais/diagnóstico , Produtos Biológicos/uso terapêutico
13.
Medicina (Kaunas) ; 60(2)2024 Feb 09.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38399583

RESUMO

Background and Objectives: The subcutaneous (SC) formulation of vedolizumab has proven to be effective for the maintenance of remission after intravenous induction. Little is known about the efficacy of switching from intravenous maintenance treatment to SC. We aimed to assess the real-world efficacy of switching to SC treatment and to assess the impact of a baseline treatment regimen. Materials and Methods: In this observational cohort study, adult patients with inflammatory bowel disease who were switched to SC vedolizumab maintenance treatment were enrolled. Patients after intravenous induction and patients who switched from intravenous maintenance treatment (every 8 weeks or every 4 weeks) were included. The SC vedolizumab dosing was 108 mg every 2 weeks, regardless of the previous regimen. The clinical, biochemical, and endoscopic disease activity parameters and vedolizumab serum concentrations at the time of the switch and at the follow-up were assessed. Results: In total, 135 patients (38% Crohn's disease, 62% ulcerative colitis) were switched to SC vedolizumab treatment. The median time to the first follow-up (FU) was 14.5 weeks (IQR 12-26), and the median time to the second FU was 40 weeks (IQR 36-52). Nine patients (7%) discontinued SC vedolizumab treatment, with two-thirds of them discontinuing due to active disease. In all dosing regimens, there were no significant changes in the clinical scores and CRP at the baseline and first and second FUs. Clinical and biochemical remission appeared to be maintained irrespective of the previous dosing regimen. Conclusions: The results of this real-world study suggest that the maintenance of clinical and biomarker remission can be achieved in patients who switched from intravenous to SC vedolizumab. The baseline vedolizumab dosing regimen (every 4 weeks versus every 8 weeks) did not have an impact on outcomes.


Assuntos
Anticorpos Monoclonais Humanizados , Colite Ulcerativa , Doença de Crohn , Doenças Inflamatórias Intestinais , Adulto , Humanos , Fármacos Gastrointestinais/uso terapêutico , Doenças Inflamatórias Intestinais/tratamento farmacológico , Colite Ulcerativa/tratamento farmacológico , Doença de Crohn/tratamento farmacológico , Indução de Remissão , Resultado do Tratamento
14.
J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr ; 78(1): 95-104, 2024 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38291690

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: While higher infliximab (IFX) trough concentrations (TCs) are associated with better outcomes in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), they could pose a risk for adverse events (AEs), including IFX-induced skin lesions. Therefore, we studied correlations between IFX TCs and occurrence of AEs in paediatric IBD patients. METHODS: In this single-centre study, all children with Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) receiving IFX maintenance therapy who underwent proactive drug monitoring between March 2015 and August 2022 were included. IFX doses/intervals/TCs and patient characteristics were systematically registered, as well as AEs and skin lesions appearance. RESULTS: A total of 109 patients (72 CD and 37 UC) contributed 2913 IFX TCs. During a median follow-up of 3.0 [1.5-4.5] years, we observed 684 AEs in 101 patients and 49 skin lesions in 35 patients. There was no significant difference (p = .467) in median TCs between patients with and without skin lesions. However, higher median IFX doses were associated with an increased hazard rate of skin lesions [HR 1.084 (1.024-1.148), p = .005], in addition to female sex [2.210 (1.187-5.310), p = .016] and diagnosis of CD [1.695 (1.241-1.877), p = .011]. Considering IFX therapeutic TC cut-offs of 5.0 and 9.0 µg/mL, there was no significant difference in AE rate (p = .749 and p = .833, respectively). Also, no significant association between IFX doses and AE rate (p = .159). CONCLUSIONS: Increasing the IFX dose to achieve therapeutic TCs may not increase the overall risk of AEs in paediatric IBD patients. However, concerns arise regarding the risk of skin lesions, especially in female CD patients.


Assuntos
Colite Ulcerativa , Doença de Crohn , Doenças Inflamatórias Intestinais , Dermatopatias , Humanos , Feminino , Criança , Inibidores do Fator de Necrose Tumoral/uso terapêutico , Fármacos Gastrointestinais/efeitos adversos , Indução de Remissão , Doenças Inflamatórias Intestinais/tratamento farmacológico , Infliximab/efeitos adversos , Doença de Crohn/tratamento farmacológico , Colite Ulcerativa/tratamento farmacológico , Dermatopatias/induzido quimicamente , Dermatopatias/tratamento farmacológico , Fatores de Risco
15.
J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr ; 78(1): 57-67, 2024 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38291692

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: Antibodies to infliximab (ATIs) are associated with loss of response in children with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We aimed to describe the effectiveness of strategies for treatment modification following ATI development in pediatric IBD: (1) treatment escalation; and (2) switching to another anti-TNF agent. METHODS: This multicenter retrospective study included children with IBD (4-18 years) on infliximab. Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) < 6 months and corticosteroid-free remission following each strategy were evaluated for low ATI titers (≤30 AU/mL) and high ATI titers (>30 AU/mL). RESULTS: Anti-infliximab antibodies were detected in 52/288 patients (18%) after a median of 15.3 months. Three of 52 ATI-positive patients were excluded due to alternative treatments. Of the remaining 49 patients, 19 had low titers and 30 had high titers. Of 19 low-ATIs, 16 (84%) underwent treatment escalation with infliximab (IFX). Of 13 patients with TDM available, seven (54%) achieved ATI suppression at subsequent TDM and 12 (92%) at any time point. Among 30 patients with high-ATIs, 17 (57%) continued with IFX; immunomodulators were started in seven patients. Of 14 patients with TDM, seven (50%) achieved ATI suppression at subsequent TDM and 10 (71%) at any time point. At 24 months of follow-up, 73% of low-ATI patients and 50% of high-ATI patients could continue with IFX without steroids. Thirteen of 30 high-ATI patients (43%) switched to another anti-TNF agent, of whom 54% and 46% had clinical response at 6 and 24 months, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Dose optimization and/or adding an immunomodulator seem effective in suppressing low ATI titers. This strategy could also be considered in high ATI titers before switching.


Assuntos
Doenças Inflamatórias Intestinais , Inibidores do Fator de Necrose Tumoral , Humanos , Criança , Infliximab/uso terapêutico , Estudos Retrospectivos , Inibidores do Fator de Necrose Tumoral/uso terapêutico , Doenças Inflamatórias Intestinais/tratamento farmacológico , Anticorpos , Fármacos Gastrointestinais/uso terapêutico
16.
Int Immunopharmacol ; 128: 111527, 2024 Feb 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38215655

RESUMO

To predict early remission following anti-integrin therapy (vedolizumab [VDZ]) in patients with moderate-to-severe active ulcerative colitis (UC) using non-invasive biomarkers. The clinical data of a cohort of 33 patients with moderate-to-severe active UC admitted to the Department of Gastroenterology at Suzhou Municipal Hospital between January 2021 and December 2022 were collected. Of these, 9 patients declined VDZ treatment, and 21 received VDZ at doses of 300 mg weeks 0, 2, and 6, each administered within a 30-minute infusion period. The treatment regimen aimed to induce remission of clinical symptoms; hence, the same dose was administered every 8 weeks. At weeks 0 and 14, serum C-reactive protein (CRP) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate were measured using a modified Mayo score. In addition to clinical assessment, stool samples at baseline and weeks 14 were collected and evaluated using 16SrRNA gene sequencing and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Clinical remission was determined based on the clinical symptoms and partial Mayo scores. In patients who received VDZ, the strains of bifidobacterium longum (P = 0.022) and bacteroides sartorii (P = 0.039) significantly increased after treatment than before treatment. GC-MS analysis showed that taurine (P = 0.047) and putrescine (P = 0.035) significantly decreased after treatment. Furthermore, while acetamide exhibited a notable increase (P = 0.001), arachidic acid (P < 0.001) and behenic acid (P = 0.005) demonstrated statistically significant elevations. The combined prediction model of acetamide, taurine, and putrescine demonstrated a high predictive value of early remission in patients with moderate-to-severe active UC following VDZ treatment (area under the curve = 0.911, P = 0.014).


Assuntos
Anticorpos Monoclonais Humanizados , Colite Ulcerativa , Humanos , Colite Ulcerativa/tratamento farmacológico , Putrescina/uso terapêutico , Fármacos Gastrointestinais/efeitos adversos , Resultado do Tratamento , Indução de Remissão , Acetamidas , Taurina , Estudos Retrospectivos
17.
J Clin Gastroenterol ; 58(3): 221-231, 2024 Mar 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38227850

RESUMO

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) with diarrhea (IBS-D) affects ~1% of the general population and is characterized by abdominal pain associated with diarrhea. IBS-D symptoms significantly impact the quality of life of patients. Major uncertainties remain regarding the optimal management of these patients. Several therapies have been investigated over the years for the treatment of IBS-D. In the initial management, commonly prescribed approaches with an effect on global IBS symptoms include a low Fermentable Oligo-, Di-, Mono-Saccharides and Polyols diet and probiotics, while antispasmodics are used for targeting abdominal pain and loperamide for diarrhea only. Additional therapeutic options for the relief of global IBS symptoms include rifaximin, 5-HT 3 antagonists, gut-directed psychological therapies, and eluxadoline, while tricyclic antidepressants can target abdominal pain and bile acid sequestrants diarrhea. Promising evidence exists for the use of mesalazine and fecal microbiota transplantation in IBS-D, although further evidence is needed for definitive conclusions regarding their efficacy.


Assuntos
Gastroenterologia , Síndrome do Intestino Irritável , Humanos , Síndrome do Intestino Irritável/complicações , Síndrome do Intestino Irritável/terapia , Qualidade de Vida , Fármacos Gastrointestinais/uso terapêutico , Diarreia/terapia , Diarreia/induzido quimicamente , Dor Abdominal/etiologia , Dor Abdominal/terapia
18.
Curr Protoc ; 4(1): e960, 2024 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38206591

RESUMO

Protein display systems are powerful techniques used to identify protein molecules that bind with high affinity to target proteins of interest. The initial challenge in implementing a display system is the construction of a high-diversity naïve library. Here, we describe the methods to generate a designed ankyrin repeat protein (DARPin) display library using degenerate oligonucleotides. Specifically described is the construction of a single DARPin repeat module by overlap extension PCR, concatenation of the module by restriction enzyme digestion and ligation, and incorporation of the concatenated modules into a full-length DARPin sequence in a bacterial cloning or display vector containing the hydrophilic N- and C-terminal capping domains. Protocols for PCR amplification of DARPin sequences to estimate diversity of naïve and enriched libraries via next-generation sequencing are included, as is a simple Linux-based program for analysis of naïve and enriched sequences. © 2024 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1: Generation of a single DARPin repeat by overlap extension PCR Basic Protocol 2: Concatenation of DARPin repeats Basic Protocol 3: Ligation of internal repeats into cloning/display vector containing N- and C-terminal capping repeats Basic Protocol 4: Estimation of library size and diversity by next-generation sequencing (NGS) Basic Protocol 5: NGS analysis of naïve and enriched libraries.


Assuntos
Proteínas de Repetição de Anquirina Projetadas , Fármacos Gastrointestinais , Biblioteca Gênica , Enzimas de Restrição do DNA , Sequenciamento de Nucleotídeos em Larga Escala
19.
Int J Mol Sci ; 25(2)2024 Jan 09.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38255888

RESUMO

Drugs based on peptides and proteins (PPs) have been widely used in medicine, beginning with insulin therapy in patients with diabetes mellitus over a century ago. Although the oral route of drug administration is the preferred one by the vast majority of patients and improves compliance, medications of this kind due to their specific chemical structure are typically delivered parenterally, which ensures optimal bioavailability. In order to overcome issues connected with oral absorption of PPs such as their instability depending on digestive enzymes and pH changes in the gastrointestinal (GI) system on the one hand, but also their limited permeability across physiological barriers (mucus and epithelium) on the other hand, scientists have been strenuously searching for novel delivery methods enabling peptide and protein drugs (PPDs) to be administered enterally. These include utilization of different nanoparticles, transport channels, substances enhancing permeation, chemical modifications, hydrogels, microneedles, microemulsion, proteolytic enzyme inhibitors, and cell-penetrating peptides, all of which are extensively discussed in this review. Furthermore, this article highlights oral PP therapeutics both previously used in therapy and currently available on the medical market.


Assuntos
Peptídeos Penetradores de Células , Fármacos Gastrointestinais , Humanos , Insulina , Disponibilidade Biológica , Hidrogéis
20.
Adv Clin Exp Med ; 33(1): 69-77, 2024 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37166016

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Vedolizumab is recommended as a first-line biological treatment, along with other biological drugs, in ulcerative colitis (UC) patients in whom conventional therapy failed and as a second-line biological treatment following a failure of a tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) antagonist. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to assess the real-world effectiveness and safety of vedolizumab induction therapy in UC patients treated in the scope of the National Drug Program (NDP) in Poland. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The endpoints were the proportions of patients who reached clinical response, clinical remission and mucosal healing at week 14. Partial Mayo scores, Mayo subscores and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were also evaluated. RESULTS: Our study population consisted of 100 patients (55 biologic-naïve and 45 biologic-exposed). The median total Mayo score at baseline was 10 (interquartile range (IQR): 9-11), and 52 patients (52%) had extensive colitis. The clinical response at week 14 was achieved in 83 (83%) and clinical remission in 24 (24%) cases. Mucosal healing was observed in 56 (62%) patients at week 14. In patients with prior failure of biologic treatment (n = 25), 17 (68%) responded to vedolizumab treatment. A decrease in the median CRP level (from 3.7 mg/L to 2.6 mg/L) and the median total Mayo score (from 10 to 4) was observed. No new safety concerns were recorded and no patients discontinued the treatment due to adverse events (AEs). CONCLUSIONS: Vedolizumab was effective and safe as induction therapy for UC in a Polish real-world population including patients with severely active UC and a low number of patients with prior biological treatment failures.


Assuntos
Anticorpos Monoclonais Humanizados , Produtos Biológicos , Colite Ulcerativa , Humanos , Colite Ulcerativa/tratamento farmacológico , Polônia , Estudos Prospectivos , Quimioterapia de Indução , Fármacos Gastrointestinais/efeitos adversos , Produtos Biológicos/uso terapêutico , Resultado do Tratamento , Indução de Remissão
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