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1.
Methods Mol Biol ; 2770: 151-170, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38351453

RESUMO

The regulation of female fertility in mammals depends on critical processes during oocyte development and maturation. Therefore, it is crucial to use specific approaches when studying mammalian female fertility to preserve ovary and oocyte structures effectively. The methods of collecting and culturing ovaries and oocytes play an essential role in the study of mammalian follicle development and oocyte quality. This chapter presents a collection of protocols that focus on various methods for studying mammalian ovaries and oocytes, providing researchers with a variety of approaches to choose from.


Assuntos
Folículo Ovariano , Ovário , Animais , Gravidez , Camundongos , Feminino , Oócitos/fisiologia , Oogênese , Técnicas Citológicas , Mamíferos
2.
Diagn Cytopathol ; 52(4): 228-232, 2024 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38348558

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Fine-needle aspiration (FNA) cytology is a basic diagnostic method used for the investigation of superficial and deep lesions. The implementation of rapid on-site evaluation (ROSE) in cytological analysis can help in reducing the inadequacy rate and obtaining proper samples for further tests/analysis. CASE PRESENTATION: We report a case of 44-year-old male, who presented to our outpatient department with complaints of swelling in his right arm for the last 34 years. FNA with ROSE using 1% aq. toluidine blue helped identify the pathology (fungal lesion) in the patient with further confirmation by cellblock, periodic acid Schiff & Gomori methenamine silver stains. CONCLUSION: The role of FNA was significant in the above case, special stains prove their efficacy when sufficient sample is available. The differential diagnosis of fungal etiology should be considered in subcutaneous soft tissue lesions. There has been a major leap in diagnostic cytopathology with the advent of molecular testing. However, FNA still holds its charm.


Assuntos
Corantes , Micoses , Masculino , Humanos , Adulto , Micoses/diagnóstico , Biópsia por Agulha Fina/métodos , Coloração e Rotulagem , Técnicas Citológicas
6.
J Am Soc Cytopathol ; 13(1): 4-9, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38184364

RESUMO

This report highlights information and outcomes from the November 2022 ASC/IAC joint Cytology Education Symposium, an annual conference organized by the Cytology Programs Review Committee. The manuscript provides information on shared educational opportunities and practices for cytology students and other learners in anatomic pathology, discusses recruitment strategies for schools of cytology, conveys teaching resources, introduces perspectives on virtual microscopy and online learning, and transmits information about wellness of students in schools of cytology.


Assuntos
Técnicas Citológicas , Instituições Acadêmicas , Simbiose , Humanos , Escolaridade , América do Norte
7.
Cytopathology ; 35(2): 242-249, 2024 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38041234

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To provide a method of directly using cytology fluid samples for predictive biomarker testing in lung cancer patients and to determine the efficacy of a variety of fluid sample types. METHOD: A review of our in-house data from a range of cytology samples including endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) fine-needle aspirate (FNA) needle washings (NW) and serous effusions tested on the Biocartis Idylla platform. All fluid samples were originally tested using Sanger sequencing. RESULTS: Using our method for fluid samples all of our cytology samples tested for epithelial growth factor receptor (EGFR) yielded valid results on this platform and all variant cases identified. The data showed serous fluids provided the best quality DNA, and variant genotype reports were obtained within 150 minutes. CONCLUSION: Cytology fluid samples can be used for predictive biomarker testing for lung cancer patients to provide in-house results with all fluids providing good-quality DNA.


Assuntos
Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas , Neoplasias Pulmonares , Humanos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Pulmonares/genética , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/genética , Técnicas Citológicas , Biomarcadores , DNA
9.
Cytopathology ; 35(2): 307-309, 2024 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37877650

RESUMO

Myelomatous meningitis diagnosed by CSF cytology. The combined use of cytology with immunocytochemistry can identify the presence of multiple myeloma cells in cerebrospinal fluid specimens.


Assuntos
Meningite , Mieloma Múltiplo , Humanos , Mieloma Múltiplo/diagnóstico , Mieloma Múltiplo/patologia , Meningite/diagnóstico , Meningite/líquido cefalorraquidiano , Técnicas Citológicas , Citodiagnóstico
10.
Cytopathology ; 35(2): 286-291, 2024 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37929883

RESUMO

Pilomyxoid astrocytoma [PMA] is a rare, recently described variant of pilocytic astrocytoma with unique clinical and histopathological characteristics. It typically affects the optico-chiasmatic and hypothalamic region in infants and young children. Though the pilocytic astrocytoma is the commonest tumor of the optic nerve, pilomyxoid astrocytoma arising from the intraorbital part of the optic nerve is extremely rare. To the best of our knowledge, only one case of introrbital optic nerve pilomyxoid astrocytoma has been described in the English literature. We report two cases of pilomyxoid astrocytoma arising from the intraorbital optic nerve, diagnosed on intraoperative squash smear cytology and later confirmed on histopathology. Like in other locations, optic nerve pilomyxoid astrocytoma behaves in an aggressive manner.


Assuntos
Astrocitoma , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Criança , Lactente , Humanos , Pré-Escolar , Astrocitoma/diagnóstico , Astrocitoma/patologia , Citodiagnóstico , Técnicas Citológicas , Nervo Óptico/patologia
11.
Vet Pathol ; 61(2): 221-231, 2024 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37515437

RESUMO

Sporotrichosis is a mycotic infection of the cutaneous and subcutaneous tissues caused by Sporothrix spp. that can also cause extracutaneous manifestations. This study aimed to characterize cutaneous and extracutaneous sporotrichosis lesions in cats. Over 1 year, 102 cats rescued by the Zoonoses Control Center of Belo Horizonte, Brazil, euthanized with clinical suspicion of feline sporotrichosis were evaluated. After euthanasia, the animals were evaluated by macroscopic, cytological, histopathological, and immunohistochemistry (IHC) examinations; fungal culture; and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Sporothrix infection was identified by at least one diagnostic technique in all cats (n = 102) evaluated by postmortem examination, including 26/28 cases (93%) evaluated by IHC, 66/90 cases (73%) evaluated by cytology, 70/102 cases (68.6%) evaluated by histopathology, and 62/74 cases (84%) evaluated by fungal culture. Two cats had positive results only by fungal culture. Cytology and histopathology examinations were effective in diagnosing sporotrichosis, although IHC was needed to confirm the diagnosis in cats with low fungal loads. Sporothrix brasiliensis was confirmed by the sequencing of 3 samples. Skin lesions were characterized mainly by pyogranulomatous to granulomatous dermatitis (frequently with subcutaneous inflammation) with different intensities of Sporothrix spp. yeast. Extracutaneous findings associated with sporotrichosis included rhinitis or rhinosinusitis, lymphadenitis, pneumonia, meningitis, periorchitis, conjunctivitis, and glossitis. Extracutaneous infections were observed in 74/102 cases, and a possible association between the chronicity of the disease and the higher pathogenicity of this fungal species in cats requires further investigation.


Assuntos
Doenças do Gato , Sporothrix , Esporotricose , Animais , Gatos , Esporotricose/diagnóstico , Esporotricose/veterinária , Zoonoses , Pele/patologia , Técnicas Citológicas/veterinária , Imuno-Histoquímica , Brasil/epidemiologia , Doenças do Gato/diagnóstico
12.
Diagn Cytopathol ; 52(2): E48-E53, 2024 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37991114

RESUMO

Fine needle aspirations (FNAs) are a valuable tool for the diagnosis of a wide variety of lesions. However, obtaining proficiency in performing FNAs and finding simulated scenarios where one can practice specimen adequacy and slide smearing can all be challenging. Benchtop FNAs of fresh surgical specimens offer a novel training opportunity that addresses these needs. In this study, we describe the feasibility and practicality of benchtop FNAs of fresh surgical specimens as a training tool. We performed benchtop FNAs on multiple specimen types, although most were partial and radical nephrectomies. We documented this approach to cytology training and have provided examples of slides that were generated, along with the surgical pathology correlate. Our results suggest that benchtop FNAs of fresh surgical specimens can be a valuable training tool in the arsenal of today's cytopathologist. This technique offers several advantages over traditional training methods, including the ability to generate high-quality cytology slides, provide cyto-histo correlation, and practice almost immediate gross-microscopic correlation. However, there are also some disadvantages to this approach, including the need for immediate access to fresh surgical specimens and the potential for artifacts to be introduced. Overall, we believe that benchtop FNAs of fresh surgical specimens offer a promising new training tool that can maximize training opportunities, especially in institutions where the FNA volume is low.


Assuntos
Citodiagnóstico , Humanos , Biópsia por Agulha Fina/métodos , Técnicas Citológicas
13.
J Am Soc Cytopathol ; 13(2): 86-96, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38158316

RESUMO

Digital cytology and artificial intelligence (AI) are gaining greater adoption in the cytopathology laboratory. However, peer-reviewed real-world data and literature are lacking regarding the current clinical landscape. The American Society of Cytopathology in conjunction with the International Academy of Cytology and the Digital Pathology Association established a special task force comprising 20 members with expertise and/or interest in digital cytology. The aim of the group was to investigate the feasibility of incorporating digital cytology, specifically cytology whole slide scanning and AI applications, into the workflow of the laboratory. In turn, the impact on cytopathologists, cytologists (cytotechnologists), and cytology departments were also assessed. The task force reviewed existing literature on digital cytology, conducted a worldwide survey, and held a virtual roundtable discussion on digital cytology and AI with multiple industry corporate representatives. This white paper, presented in 2 parts, summarizes the current state of digital cytology and AI practice in global cytology practice. Part 1 of the white paper presented herein is a review and offers best practice recommendations for incorporating digital cytology into practice. Part 2 of the white paper provides a comprehensive review of AI in cytology practice along with best practice recommendations and legal considerations. Additionally, the results of a global survey regarding digital cytology are highlighted.


Assuntos
Inteligência Artificial , Citodiagnóstico , Humanos , Técnicas Citológicas , Laboratórios , Fluxo de Trabalho
14.
J Am Soc Cytopathol ; 13(2): 97-110, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38158317

RESUMO

Digital cytology and artificial intelligence (AI) are gaining greater adoption in the cytology laboratory. However, peer-reviewed real-world data and literature are lacking in regard to the current clinical landscape. The American Society of Cytopathology in conjunction with the International Academy of Cytology and the Digital Pathology Association established a special task force comprising 20 members with expertise and/or interest in digital cytology. The aim of the group was to investigate the feasibility of incorporating digital cytology, specifically cytology whole slide scanning and AI applications, into the workflow of the laboratory. In turn, the impact on cytopathologists, cytologists (cytotechnologists), and cytology departments were also assessed. The task force reviewed existing literature on digital cytology, conducted a worldwide survey, and held a virtual roundtable discussion on digital cytology and AI with multiple industry corporate representatives. This white paper, presented in 2 parts, summarizes the current state of digital cytology and AI practice in global cytology practice. Part 1 of the white paper is presented as a separate paper which details a review and best practice recommendations for incorporating digital cytology into practice. Part 2 of the white paper presented here provides a comprehensive review of AI in cytology practice along with best practice recommendations and legal considerations. Additionally, the cytology global survey results highlighting current AI practices by various laboratories, as well as current attitudes, are reported.


Assuntos
Inteligência Artificial , Citodiagnóstico , Humanos , Técnicas Citológicas , Laboratórios , Fluxo de Trabalho
15.
J Am Soc Cytopathol ; 13(2): 122-140, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38097479

RESUMO

The diagnosis of anal cancer is relatively uncommon, but its incidence has been steadily increasing in high-risk populations. In the 2001 Bethesda System for Reporting Cervical Cytology, anal cytology was introduced as a component. Since then, it has been recognized as a potential tool for screening anal cancer, often in conjunction with high-resolution anoscopy. There are notable similarities between anal cancer and cervical cancer, including the causative role of human papillomavirus. However, there are also significant differences, particularly in terms of disease prevalence. Anal cytology may be used as a primary screening test, and in the event of abnormalities, patients are subsequently directed for high-resolution anoscopy. However, the best approach for anal cancer screening is yet to be determined and uniformly implemented. This comprehensive review article provides an in-depth analysis of the epidemiology and incidence of anal precursor and malignant lesions. It explores the various methods of sample procurement, preparation, interpretation (including sensitivity and specificity), and reporting terminology in anal cytology. The article also addresses the significance of concurrent high-risk human papillomavirus screening in anal cytology and its role in screening programs. Furthermore, it discusses the follow-up, prevention, and subsequent management strategies for anal cancers. By synthesizing current knowledge in these areas, this review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of anal cytology and its implications in the early detection, prevention, and management of anal neoplasia and cancer.


Assuntos
Neoplasias do Ânus , Carcinoma in Situ , Humanos , Carcinoma in Situ/diagnóstico , Canal Anal/patologia , Citodiagnóstico , Neoplasias do Ânus/diagnóstico , Neoplasias do Ânus/epidemiologia , Neoplasias do Ânus/patologia , Técnicas Citológicas
16.
Cytopathology ; 35(1): 2-6, 2024 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37877689

RESUMO

This report highlights information and outcomes from the November 2022 ASC/IAC joint Cytology Education Symposium, an annual conference organized by the Cytology Programs Review Committee. The manuscript provides information on shared educational opportunities and practices for cytology students and other learners in anatomic pathology, discusses recruitment strategies for schools of cytology, conveys teaching resources, introduces perspectives on virtual microscopy and online learning, and transmits information about wellness of students in schools of cytology.


Assuntos
Currículo , Simbiose , Humanos , Técnicas Citológicas , Instituições Acadêmicas , América do Norte
17.
Vet Clin Pathol ; 52(4): 698-704, 2023 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38097197

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Silica from plastic red top sample collection tubes and barium cause recognized artifacts in slide preparations for microscopic examination. OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this study were to evaluate and directly compare the microscopic appearance of silica and barium particles and various slide preparation techniques (e.g., use of coverslips, oil immersion, and different stains). A secondary objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of silica particles on cellular morphology after mechanical trauma with cytocentrifugation. METHODS: Fluid samples (deionized water, pleural effusion, peritoneal effusion, cerebrospinal fluid, and urine) were collected and evaluated in silica- and non-silica-containing tubes. Barium was added to silica and non-silica samples. Direct and cytocentrifuge preparations were compared to evaluate the effect of silica particles on cellular morphology. Preparations were stained with Wright-Giemsa, rhodizonic acid disodium salt, Alizarin Red, Grocott's methenamine silver, and Prussian blue. RESULTS: Silica and barium particles were identifiable via light microscopy with and without polarized light, although silica particles diminished with immersion oil. Barium particles retained their structure and diminished less under oil. Cytoseal mounting medium for coverslip placement resulted in diminished refractility of silica and some barium particles. Silica particles with mechanical interaction during cytocentrifugation resulted in disrupted cellular morphology with many lysed cells. Silica and barium particles were negative for all special stains tested. CONCLUSIONS: Silica from plastic red top tubes adversely affects cell morphology in cytocentrifuge preparations, potentially affecting manual differential cell counts and compromising diagnostic interpretation. Samples intended for microscopic evaluation should not be collected in silica-containing tubes.


Assuntos
Derrame Pleural , Dióxido de Silício , Animais , Bário , Dióxido de Silício/efeitos adversos , Manejo de Espécimes/veterinária , Derrame Pleural/veterinária , Técnicas Citológicas/veterinária
18.
Methods Mol Biol ; 2718: 253-269, 2023.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37665464

RESUMO

The identification of the molecular composition of extracellular vesicles (EV) by omics approaches, including proteomics, requires the separation of EV from non-EV confounding factors present in the source biofluid. In this protocol, we present the sequential implementation of density gradient ultracentrifugation and size-exclusion chromatography to prepare EV from cell-conditioned medium with high specificity and repeatability. This approach enables the recovery of intact purified EV suited for downstream functional assays and biomarker discovery by omics approaches.


Assuntos
Técnicas Citológicas , Vesículas Extracelulares , Vesículas Extracelulares/química , Fracionamento Celular , Meios de Cultivo Condicionados , Humanos , Técnicas Citológicas/métodos , Proteômica , Centrifugação com Gradiente de Concentração , Cromatografia em Gel
19.
Cell ; 186(21): 4710-4727.e35, 2023 10 12.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37774705

RESUMO

Polarized cells rely on a polarized cytoskeleton to function. Yet, how cortical polarity cues induce cytoskeleton polarization remains elusive. Here, we capitalized on recently established designed 2D protein arrays to ectopically engineer cortical polarity of virtually any protein of interest during mitosis in various cell types. This enables direct manipulation of polarity signaling and the identification of the cortical cues sufficient for cytoskeleton polarization. Using this assay, we dissected the logic of the Par complex pathway, a key regulator of cytoskeleton polarity during asymmetric cell division. We show that cortical clustering of any Par complex subunit is sufficient to trigger complex assembly and that the primary kinetic barrier to complex assembly is the relief of Par6 autoinhibition. Further, we found that inducing cortical Par complex polarity induces two hallmarks of asymmetric cell division in unpolarized mammalian cells: spindle orientation, occurring via Par3, and central spindle asymmetry, depending on aPKC activity.


Assuntos
Proteínas Adaptadoras de Transdução de Sinal , Polaridade Celular , Técnicas Citológicas , Mitose , Animais , Citoesqueleto/metabolismo , Mamíferos/metabolismo , Microtúbulos/metabolismo , Proteína Quinase C/metabolismo , Proteínas Adaptadoras de Transdução de Sinal/metabolismo
20.
Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) ; 14: 1252503, 2023.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37732121

RESUMO

Background: Fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) is a good diagnostic tool for thyroid nodules; however, its high false-negative rate for giant nodules remains controversial. Many clinicians recommend surgical resection for nodules >4 cm owing to an increased risk of malignancy and an increased false-negative rate. This study aimed to examine the feasibility of this approach and investigate the incidence of malignancy in thyroid nodules >4 cm without suspicious cytology based on medical records in our center. Methods: This was a retrospective analysis of 453 patients that underwent preoperative FNAB for nodules measuring >4 cm between January 2017 and August 2022 at Severance Hospital, Seoul. Results: Among the 453 patients, 140 nodules were benign and 119 were indeterminate. Among 259 patients, the final pathology results were divided into benign (149) and cancerous (110) groups, and the prevalence of malignancy was 38.9% in the benign group and 55.5% in the indeterminate group. Among the malignancies, follicular carcinoma and follicular variants of papillary carcinoma were observed in 83% of the cytologically benign group and 62.8% of the indeterminate group. Conclusion: Preoperative FNAB had high false-negative rates and low diagnostic accuracy in patients with thyroid nodules >4 cm without suspicious cytologic features; therefore, diagnostic surgery may be considered a treatment option.


Assuntos
Neoplasias da Glândula Tireoide , Nódulo da Glândula Tireoide , Humanos , Nódulo da Glândula Tireoide/diagnóstico , Nódulo da Glândula Tireoide/epidemiologia , Nódulo da Glândula Tireoide/cirurgia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Técnicas Citológicas , Citodiagnóstico , Neoplasias da Glândula Tireoide/diagnóstico , Neoplasias da Glândula Tireoide/epidemiologia , Neoplasias da Glândula Tireoide/cirurgia
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