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1.
J Sch Psychol ; 103: 101270, 2024 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38432725

RESUMO

The present study examined the social-emotional development items assessed by kindergarten teachers in the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Birth Cohort to determine the optimal factor structure underlying the items as well as the reliability and validity of the resulting factors. This study identified an empirically derived factor structure for teacher-reported social development, investigated whether there was evidence of bias in teacher assessments of social-emotional constructs, examined factor invariance across demographic characteristics (i.e., race and ethnicity, sex, and poverty status), and examined the external validity of the derived factors by determining the extent to which they were associated with well-established measures of early childhood competencies. Findings suggested a 4-factor solution was optimal, consisting of (a) Interpersonal Skills, (b) Externalizing Behavior, (c) Approaches to Learning, and (d) Perspective Taking. Findings offer suggestive evidence of teacher biases in assessments and some, although not conclusive, support for the invariance of social-emotional dimension across demographic characteristics. Results provide a useful next step toward documenting reliable and valid social-emotional measures for use in early childhood research and challenges users of national datasets to think critically about the use of "scales" without a priori attention to important psychometric properties.


Assuntos
Pessoal de Educação , Mudança Social , Pré-Escolar , Humanos , Criança , Estudos Longitudinais , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Emoções
2.
J Sch Psychol ; 103: 101271, 2024 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38432728

RESUMO

The present daily diary study among 587 Canadian primary and secondary school teachers assessed teachers' genuine expression, faking, hiding of happiness and enthusiasm, and their daily associations with perceived student emotional and behavioral engagement. Moreover, we measured teachers' trait enjoyment before and after the diary study to examine whether teacher trait enjoyment predicted the use of emotional labor strategies that, in turn, were related to teachers' perceptions of their students' engagement. In addition, we examined whether perceived student engagement predicted future levels of teacher trait enjoyment. Results from multilevel structural equation modeling showed that, at the between-person level, teachers who had higher levels of trait enjoyment tended to spontaneously show their positive feelings to their students (ß = 0.381, p < .001), which was further positively related to student engagement (ß = 0.257, p < .001). In turn, teachers' perceptions of heightened student engagement led to even greater enjoyment in the future (ß = 0.134, p < .05). In contrast, teacher trait enjoyment was negatively related to faking (ß = -0.297, p < .001) and hiding positive emotions (ß = -0.130, p < .05), but was further unrelated to student engagement or future enjoyment. At the within-person level, genuine expression of positive emotions was positively related to student engagement (ß = 0.219, p < .001), faking was negatively related to student engagement (ß = -0.134, p < .001), and hiding was unrelated to student engagement.


Assuntos
Felicidade , Prazer , Humanos , Canadá , Emoções , Estudantes
3.
J Sch Psychol ; 103: 101289, 2024 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38432733

RESUMO

Although a lot is known about how teachers influence student motivation, evidence on the importance of student engagement for teacher well-being is lacking. In addition, studies investigating the effects of student behavior on teachers have mostly focused on the between-person perspective while neglecting the within-person processes. Thus, in the present study, we examined longitudinal associations between perceived student behavioral and emotional engagement and disaffection and teacher well-being (i.e., job satisfaction and emotional exhaustion) by acknowledging their fluctuating nature and investigating the associations at both the between- and within-person levels. Specifically, we conducted a full-panel four-wave longitudinal study involving 1141 secondary school teachers and employed a random-intercept cross lagged panel modeling approach to analyze the data. At the between-person level, teachers who perceived their students as being more emotionally and behaviorally engaged, but less emotionally and behaviorally disaffected, tended to have higher levels of job satisfaction and lower levels of emotional exhaustion. At the within-person level, higher than usual levels of student emotional engagement were concurrently associated with higher than usual levels of job satisfaction and lower than usual levels of emotional exhaustion, whereas the associations concerning disaffection showed the opposite pattern. Regarding the longitudinal spill-over effects at the within-person level, behavioral and emotional engagement positively predicted job satisfaction whereas behavioral disaffection negatively predicted job satisfaction and positively predicted emotional exhaustion. Our results highlight the importance of student motivation for shaping teacher occupational well-being and indicate that efforts aimed at increasing student motivation could also be beneficial to teachers.


Assuntos
Pessoal de Educação , Humanos , Estudos Longitudinais , Emoções , Estudantes
4.
J Sch Psychol ; 103: 101292, 2024 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38432735

RESUMO

Schools play an integral role in adolescents' learning and understanding of their ethnic-racial identity (ERI); however, the extant research offers a limited understanding of how specific educator practices can inform adolescents' ERI development, and in turn, their academic adjustment. Accordingly, the present study utilized 30 interviews with Latinx, White, Asian American, and Multiracial eighth grade students (N = 16; Mage = 13.25 years, SD = 0.45; 75% girls, 25% boys) and their English teacher to illustrate the processes by which an ERI-focused unit informed students' ERI developmental processes and their academic engagement (i.e., behavioral, cognitive, and emotional). Results from iterative causation coding indicated that (a) the unit promoted ERI development by facilitating conversations with family, offering dedicated time for ERI exploration, and facilitating personal and literary ERI exploration in tandem; (b) the unit's focus on ERI development encouraged students' emotional, cognitive, and behavioral academic engagement; and (c) the unit also encouraged students' emotional, cognitive, and behavioral academic engagement by leveraging book selections centering ethnoracially minoritized youth, critical consciousness raising, and class community building. Our findings offer implications for future research and school-based efforts looking to positively support adolescents' ERI development. Our findings also provide insights regarding the role of the predominately White school context in students' experiences with the unit, namely, the role of the context in some students' occasional disengagement with the material.


Assuntos
Currículo , Pessoal de Educação , Adolescente , Masculino , Feminino , Humanos , Instituições Acadêmicas , Desenvolvimento do Adolescente , Emoções
5.
J Christ Nurs ; 41(2): 103-105, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38436340

RESUMO

ABSTRACT: In my experience of caring for a lesbian couple suffering a miscarriage, I disengaged my bias about their sexual orientation and compassionately cared for their needs. After praying with the couple, I felt a deep connection with them and a palpable peace. Joy shone on their faces and they verbally expressed gratitude. God used me as a caring presence. Christian nurses are vessels for God's love to bring peace and healing.


Assuntos
Aborto Espontâneo , Minorias Sexuais e de Gênero , Masculino , Humanos , Feminino , Gravidez , Cristianismo , Emoções , Amor
6.
J Christ Nurs ; 41(2): E18-E31, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38436350

RESUMO

ABSTRACT: The "Spirit of the Second Mile Nursing" (SSMN) has been cultivated in nurses who graduated from McCormick Faculty of Nursing, Thailand. These nurses were taught and they practice to care for clients, family members, and colleagues with compassion, consideration, love, enthusiasm, and willingness throughout the program. This study aimed to explore the SSMN concept using a Grounded Theory Methodology (GTM). The findings show that the SSMN concept is based on "Loving and Giving for others" principles. It consisted of three categories: the Spirit of the Second Mile nurse characteristics, nursing care, and consequences of the SSMN. Knowledge from this study provides nurses with a better understanding of the SSMN concept within the context of a Thai and American Christian view.


Assuntos
Cristianismo , Cuidados de Enfermagem , Humanos , Emoções , Docentes , Família
7.
J Clin Neurophysiol ; 41(3): 207-213, 2024 Mar 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38436388

RESUMO

SUMMARY: Among the many fears associated with seizures, patients with epilepsy are greatly frustrated and distressed over seizure's apparent unpredictable occurrence. However, increasing evidence have emerged over the years to support that seizure occurrence is not a random phenomenon as previously presumed; it has a cyclic rhythm that oscillates over multiple timescales. The pattern in rises and falls of seizure rate that varies over 24 hours, weeks, months, and years has become a target for the development of innovative devices that intend to detect, predict, and forecast seizures. This article will review the different tools and devices available or that have been previously studied for seizure detection, prediction, and forecasting, as well as the associated challenges and limitations with the utilization of these devices. Although there is strong evidence for rhythmicity in seizure occurrence, very little is known about the mechanism behind this oscillation. This article concludes with early insights into the regulations that may potentially drive this cyclical variability and future directions.


Assuntos
Emoções , Convulsões , Humanos , Convulsões/diagnóstico
8.
Psychol Bull ; 150(2): 154-191, 2024 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38436650

RESUMO

Parental emotion-related socialization behaviors (ERSBs)-including reactions to emotions, emotional expressiveness, and emotion-related discussion-can foster or hinder children and adolescents' self-regulation development. Toward a goal of identifying specific mechanisms by which children and adolescents develop skillful, adaptive self-regulation or, conversely, self-regulation difficulties and psychopathology, it is crucial to identify processes that shape and maintain parental engagement in ERSBs. This present study is a systematic review of the associations between parental self-regulation and three different ERSBs (reactions to emotions, emotional expressiveness, and emotion-related discussion), building upon research that posits parental top-down self-regulation (i.e., emotion regulation, executive function, and effortful control) is critical for parenting behavior. Fifty-three studies were identified for inclusion. All but four of these studies were cross-sectional, limiting conclusions that could be drawn regarding whether parental self-regulation is associated with ERSBs over time. Studies used a wide range of methods (e.g., self-report, physiological assessment, observer ratings) to assess both parental self-regulation and ERSBs, rendering a meta-analysis premature. Across studies included in the review, parental self-regulation was positively associated with supportive ERSBs and negatively associated with unsupportive ERSBs. Future directions for research and implications for translational efforts are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).


Assuntos
Autocontrole , Socialização , Adolescente , Criança , Humanos , Emoções , Poder Familiar , Pais
9.
Psychol Aging ; 39(2): 113-125, 2024 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38436654

RESUMO

People encounter novel situations throughout their lives that contribute to the acquisition of knowledge and experience. However, novelty can be misaligned with goals and motivation in later adulthood according to socioemotional selectivity theory. This study investigated age differences in emotional reactions associated with novel experiences. Multilevel structural equation models were used to analyze experience-sampling data obtained from an adult sample of 375 participants aged 18-94 years who reported their current situation and momentary emotional experience five times per day for 7 days. On occasions where situations were rated as more novel, people reported reduced positive and increased negative emotion. Those who had more overall exposure to novel situations tended to have more negative emotional experiences in general. Contrary to our hypothesis, there were age differences in individuals' negative emotional reactivity to situations that are perceived as more novel, such that novel situations were reported as less negative among older adults. By applying theoretical understanding of age differences in motivation and well-being in adulthood, our findings illuminate aspects of situations that elicit negative emotions. Findings highlight age-related benefits in emotional well-being, consistent with socioemotional selectivity theory postulates, and further implies that older adults may not be novelty averse. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).


Assuntos
Envelhecimento , Emoções , Humanos , Idoso , Afeto , Avaliação Momentânea Ecológica , Conhecimento
10.
Indian J Cancer ; 61(Suppl 1): S52-S79, 2024 Jan 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38424682

RESUMO

ABSTRACT: The incidence of breast cancer is increasing rapidly in urban India due to the changing lifestyle and exposure to risk factors. Diagnosis at an advanced stage and in younger women are the most concerning issues of breast cancer in India. Lack of awareness and social taboos related to cancer diagnosis make women feel hesitant to seek timely medical advice. As almost half of women develop breast cancer at an age younger than 50 years, breast cancer diagnosis poses a huge financial burden on the household and impacts the entire family. Moreover, inaccessibility, unaffordability, and high out-of-pocket expenditure make this situation grimmer. Women find it difficult to get quality cancer care closer to their homes and end up traveling long distances for seeking treatment. Significant differences in the cancer epidemiology compared to the west make the adoption of western breast cancer management guidelines challenging for Indian women. In this article, we intend to provide a comprehensive review of the management of breast cancer from diagnosis to treatment for both early and advanced stages from the perspective of low-middle-income countries. Starting with a brief introduction to epidemiology and guidelines for diagnostic modalities (imaging and pathology), treatment has been discussed for early breast cancer (EBC), locally advanced, and MBC. In-depth information on loco-regional and systemic therapy has been provided focusing on standard treatment protocols as well as scenarios where treatment can be de-escalated or escalated.


Assuntos
Neoplasias da Mama , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Neoplasias da Mama/diagnóstico , Neoplasias da Mama/epidemiologia , Neoplasias da Mama/terapia , Emoções , Características da Família , Índia/epidemiologia
11.
J Pediatr Health Care ; 38(2): 233-239, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38429035

RESUMO

School connectedness is the degree to which students experience acceptance, inclusion, and care by school personnel and peers. A sense of belonging incorporates an emotional connection to the community. School connectedness and belonging are protective factors that promote student engagement, accomplishment, and community performance. Despite the rise in students from immigrant families in the United States, belonging and connectedness for youth from diverse cultural and linguistic experiences are understudied. School-based nurses, our term, is inclusive of advanced practice pediatric, family, and psychiatric nurse practitioners, are well-positioned to support school connectedness for youth who may encounter hurdles to health care because of cultural and linguistic differences. We present practice suggestions for language, culture, and inclusion using three health conditions experienced by youth: anxiety, asthma, and obesity. School-based nurses and other school personnel who provide linguistic and culturally appropriate care can support students in feeling connected and included in their school communities.


Assuntos
Instituições Acadêmicas , Estudantes , Adolescente , Humanos , Criança , Estados Unidos/epidemiologia , Estudantes/psicologia , Grupo Associado , Atenção à Saúde , Emoções
12.
BMC Geriatr ; 24(1): 214, 2024 Mar 02.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38429700

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: At present, there are no consistent findings regarding the association between physical health loss and mental health in older adults. Some studies have shown that physical health loss is a risk factor for worsening of mental health. Other studies revealed that declining physical health does not worsen mental health. This study aimed to clarify whether the relationship between physical health loss and emotional distress varies with age in older inpatients post receiving acute care. METHODS: Data for this study were collected from 590 hospitalized patients aged ≥ 65 years immediately after their transfer from an acute care ward to a community-based integrated care ward. Emotional distress, post-acute care physical function, and cognitive function were assessed using established questionnaires and observations, whereas preadmission physical function was assessed by the family members of the patients. After conducting a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and correlation analysis by age group for the main variables, a hierarchical multiple regression analysis was conducted with emotional distress as the dependent variable, physical function as the independent variable, age as the moderator variable, and cognitive and preadmission physical function as control variables. RESULTS: The mean GDS-15 score was found to be 6.7 ± 3.8. Emotional distress showed a significant negative correlation with physical function in younger age groups (65-79 and 80-84 years); however, no such association was found in older age groups (85-89, and ≥ 90 years). Age moderated the association between physical function and emotional distress. Poor physical function was associated with higher emotional distress in the younger patients; however, no such association was observed in the older patients. CONCLUSIONS: Age has a moderating effect on the relationship between physical health loss and increased emotional distress in older inpatients after acute care. It was suggested that even with the same degree of physical health loss, mental damage differed depending on age, with older patients experiencing less damage.


Assuntos
Angústia Psicológica , Cuidados Semi-Intensivos , Humanos , Idoso , Japão/epidemiologia , Emoções , Pacientes Internados
13.
Isr J Health Policy Res ; 13(1): 13, 2024 Mar 11.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38462624

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Despite the increase in disclosures of medical errors, transparency remains a challenge. Recognized barriers include shame, fear of litigation, disciplinary actions, and loss of patient trust. In 2018, the Israeli Ministry of Health initiated a series of workshops about disclosure of medical errors. The workshops involved medical center executives, healthcare providers, patients, and family members of patients who had previously been harmed by a medical error. This study presents the lessons learned about perceived challenges in disclosure of errors in 15 such workshops. METHODS: Data collection included participant observations in 15 workshops, full audio recordings of all of the workshops, and documentation of detailed field notes. Analysis was performed under thematic analysis guidelines. RESULTS: We identified four main themes: "Providers agree on the value of disclosure of a medical error to the patient"; "Emotional challenges of disclosure of medical error to patients"; "The medico-legal discourse challenges transparency"; and "Providers and patients call for a change in the culture regarding disclosure of medical errors". Participant observations indicated that the presence of a patient who had experienced a tragedy in another hospital, and who was willing to share it created an intimate atmosphere that enabled an open conversation between parties. CONCLUSION: The study shows the moral, human, and educational values of open discourse in a protective setting after the occurrence of a medical error. We believe that workshops like these may help foster a culture of institutional disclosure following medical errors. We recommend that the Ministry of Health extend such workshops to all healthcare facilities, establish guidelines and mandate training for skills in disclosure for all providers.


Assuntos
Revelação , Erros Médicos , Humanos , Israel , Erros Médicos/psicologia , Emoções , Equipe de Assistência ao Paciente
14.
Health Expect ; 27(2): e14009, 2024 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38462713

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to gain consensus among young people with a stoma due to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) on the priorities for the content of an intervention for the self-management of stoma-related distress. The current identification and management of distress in young people with a stoma is often suboptimal in clinical settings and there is a need for improved support resources. METHODS: Two consensus group meetings were carried out via online video conferencing, using nominal group technique. Participants generated, rated on a Likert scale and discussed, topics for inclusion in a future self-management intervention. RESULTS: Nineteen young people, aged 19-33, with a stoma due to IBD took part in one of two group meetings. Participants were located across England, Scotland, and Northern Ireland. Twenty-nine topics were generated by participants, seven of which reached consensus of ≥80%, that is, a mean of ≥5.6 on a 7-point Likert scale. These were: receiving advice from young people with lived experience of stoma surgery; advice on/addressing concerns about romantic relationships, sex and intimacy; information about fertility and pregnancy related to stoma surgery; stoma 'hacks', for example, useful everyday tips regarding clothing, making bag changes easier and so forth; reflecting on and recognising own emotional response to surgery; tips on managing the stoma during the night; and processing trauma related to the illness and surgery journey. CONCLUSIONS: Findings extend previous research on young people's experiences of stoma surgery, by generating consensus on young people's priorities for managing distress related to surgery and living with a stoma. These priorities include topics not previously reported in the literature, including the need for information about fertility and pregnancy. Findings will inform the development of a self-management resource for young people with an IBD stoma and have relevance for the clinical management of stoma-related distress in this population. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION: Three patient contributors are co-authors on this paper, having contributed to the study design, interpretation of results and writing of the manuscript. The study's Patient and Public Involvement and Engagement advisory group also had an integral role in the study. They met with the research team for four 2-h virtual meetings, giving input on the aims and purpose of the study, recruitment methods, and interpretation of findings. The group also advised on the age range for participants. The views of young people with a stoma are the central component of the study reported in this paper, which aims to gain consensus among young people with an IBD stoma on their priorities for the content of a resource to self-manage distress related to stoma surgery.


Assuntos
Doenças Inflamatórias Intestinais , Autogestão , Feminino , Gravidez , Humanos , Adolescente , Emoções , Consenso , Inglaterra , Doenças Inflamatórias Intestinais/cirurgia , Doenças Inflamatórias Intestinais/psicologia
15.
PLoS One ; 19(3): e0296770, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38466646

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: This article outlines the development and validation of the Informal Supporter Readiness Inventory (ISRI), based on the model developed by the present authors in (Davies, 2023). This scale assesses the readiness of informal supporters to intervene or provide support in situations of intimate partner violence (IPV). METHODS: The research followed a three-phased procedure of item development, scale development, and scale evaluation; adhering to best practice guidelines for psychometric development and validation. This process provided empirical substantiation for the domains of the Model of Informal Supporter Readiness (Davies, 2023). RESULTS: The 57-item ISRI incorporates four primary factors: normative, individual, goodman-emotional, and situational-assessment. These factors demonstrated robust internal consistency and factor structures. Additionally, the ISRI evidenced strong test-retest reliability, and both convergent and divergent validity. Although aligning closely with the Model of Informal Supporter Readiness, the scale revealed a nuanced bifurcation of situational factors into situational-emotional and situational-assessment. DISCUSSION: The ISRI offers an important advancement in IPV research by highlighting the multifaceted nature of informal supporter intervention. The findings have several implications, from tailoring individualised supportive interventions to strengthening support networks and empowering survivors. The present study's findings underscore the potential of adopting a social network-oriented approach to interventions in IPV scenarios. Applications for research and practice are discussed.


Assuntos
Emoções , Violência por Parceiro Íntimo , Humanos , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Violência por Parceiro Íntimo/psicologia , Psicometria , Sobreviventes
16.
Aggress Behav ; 50(2): e22143, 2024 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38468496

RESUMO

Experiencing victimization or mistreatment often induces feelings of anger. The catharsis hypothesis suggests that venting anger may aid in alleviating these negative emotions. Although this hypothesis has faced criticism, therapeutic interventions rooted in catharsis are employed to assist victims in managing their anger. One notable application of the catharsis principle in psychotherapeutic practice with victims involves engaging in aggressive fantasies: Victims who harbor aggressive fantasies against their offenders are supported in working with these fantasies to navigate the complex emotions arising from their victimization. Research investigating the effects of aggressive fantasizing on victims has yielded inconsistent findings, with some studies indicating positive and others suggesting negative outcomes. Herein, we examine whether (instructed) aggressive fantasizing diminishes (catharsis hypothesis) or heightens (escalation hypothesis) subsequent aggressive inclinations compared to non-aggressive fantasizing. Additionally, the moderating role of victims' dispositional tendencies to express anger, specifically Anger Expression-out and Anger Expression-control, in the relationship between aggressive fantasizing and aggressive inclinations was examined. We recruited individuals (N = 245) who had experienced victimization through highly unfair treatment and instructed them to imagine confronting their wrongdoer using either aggressive or non-aggressive communication. Participants then reported their aggressive inclinations. Data supported the escalation hypothesis, revealing that aggressive fantasizing amplifies subsequent aggressive inclinations. Importantly, individuals with higher Anger Expression-out demonstrated greater susceptibility to this effect; whereas, Anger Expression-control did not moderate the link between aggressive fantasizing and inclinations. These findings further challenge the catharsis hypothesis and underscore the role of dispositional anger expression tendencies on the effects of aggressive fantasizing.


Assuntos
Agressão , Vítimas de Crime , Humanos , Agressão/psicologia , Ira , Emoções , Vítimas de Crime/psicologia , Cognição
17.
Br J Psychiatry ; 224(4): 119-121, 2024 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38470304

RESUMO

Felt presence is a widely occurring experience, but remains under-recognised in clinical and research practice. To contribute to a wider recognition of the phenomenon, we aimed to assess the presentation of felt presence in a large population sample (n = 10 447) and explore its relation to key risk factors for psychosis. In our sample 1.6% reported experiencing felt presence in the past month. Felt presence was associated with visual and tactile hallucinations and delusion-like thinking; it was also associated with past occurrence of adverse events, loneliness and poor sleep. The occurrence of felt presence may function as a marker for general hallucination proneness.


Assuntos
Emoções , Transtornos Psicóticos , Humanos , Alucinações/epidemiologia , Transtornos Psicóticos/epidemiologia , Fatores de Risco
18.
Sci Rep ; 14(1): 5927, 2024 03 11.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38467685

RESUMO

Today, teaching and learning paths increasingly intersect with technologies powered by emerging artificial intelligence (AI).This work analyses public opinions and sentiments about AI applications that affect e-learning, such as ChatGPT, virtual and augmented reality, microlearning, mobile learning, adaptive learning, and gamification. The way people perceive technologies fuelled by artificial intelligence can be tracked in real time in microblog messages promptly shared by Twitter users, who currently constitute a large and ever-increasing number of individuals. The observation period was from November 30, 2022, the date on which ChatGPT was launched, to March 31, 2023. A two-step sentiment analysis was performed on the collected English-language tweets to determine the overall sentiments and emotions. A latent Dirichlet allocation model was built to identify commonly discussed topics in tweets. The results show that the majority of opinions are positive. Among the eight emotions of the Syuzhet package, 'trust' and 'joy' are the most common positive emotions observed in the tweets, while 'fear' is the most common negative emotion. Among the most discussed topics with a negative outlook, two particular aspects of fear are identified: an 'apocalyptic-fear' that artificial intelligence could lead the end of humankind, and a fear for the 'future of artistic and intellectual jobs' as AI could not only destroy human art and creativity but also make the individual contributions of students and researchers not assessable. On the other hand, among the topics with a positive outlook, trust and hope in AI tools for improving efficiency in jobs and the educational world are identified. Overall, the results suggest that AI will play a significant role in the future of the world and education, but it is important to consider the potential ethical and social implications of this technology. By leveraging the positive aspects of AI while addressing these concerns, the education system can unlock the full potential of this emerging technology and provide a better learning experience for students.


Assuntos
Instrução por Computador , Mídias Sociais , Humanos , Inteligência Artificial , Emoções , Aprendizagem
19.
Mol Biol Rep ; 51(1): 415, 2024 Mar 12.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38472517

RESUMO

Estrogen regulates a wide range of neuronal functions in the brain, such as dendritic spine formation, remodeling of synaptic plasticity, cognition, neurotransmission, and neurodevelopment. Estrogen interacts with intracellular estrogen receptors (ERs) and membrane-bound ERs to produce its effect via genomic and non-genomic pathways. Any alterations in these pathways affect the number, size, and shape of dendritic spines in neurons associated with psychiatric diseases. Increasing evidence suggests that estrogen fluctuation causes changes in dendritic spine density, morphology, and synapse numbers of excitatory and inhibitory neurons differently in males and females. In this review, we discuss the role of estrogen hormone in rodents and humans based on sex differences. First, we explain estrogen role in learning and memory and show that a high estrogen level alleviates the deficits in learning and memory. Secondly, we point out that estrogen produces a striking difference in emotional memories in men and women, which leads them to display sex-specific differences in underlying neuronal signaling. Lastly, we discuss that fluctuations in estrogen levels in men and women are related to neuropsychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia, autism spectrum disorder (ASD), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), bipolar disorder (BPD), major depressive disorder (MDD), substance use disorder (SUD), and anxiety disorders.


Assuntos
Transtorno do Espectro Autista , Transtorno Depressivo Maior , Humanos , Feminino , Masculino , Transtorno do Espectro Autista/genética , Caracteres Sexuais , Transtorno Depressivo Maior/metabolismo , Estrogênios/metabolismo , Sinapses/metabolismo , Emoções
20.
Sci Rep ; 14(1): 6107, 2024 03 13.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38480797

RESUMO

Depersonalisation (DP) is characterized by fundamental alterations to the sense of self that include feelings of detachment and estrangement from one's body. We conducted an online study in healthy participants (n = 514) with DP traits to investigate and quantify the subjective experience of body and self during waking and dreaming, as the vast majority of previous studies focussed on waking experience only. Investigating dreams in people experiencing DP symptoms may help us understand whether the dream state is a 'spared space' where people can temporarily 'retrieve' their sense of self and sense of bodily presence. We found that higher DP traits-i.e. higher scores on the Cambridge Depersonalisation Scale (CDS)-were associated with more frequent dream experiences from an outside observer perspective (r = 0.28) and more frequent dream experiences of distinct bodily sensations (r = 0.23). We also found that people with higher CDS scores had more frequent dream experiences of altered bodily perception (r = 0.24), more frequent nightmares (r = 0.33) and higher dream recall (r = 0.17). CDS scores were negatively correlated with body boundary scores (r = - 0.31) in waking states and there was a negative association between CDS scores and the degree of trust in interoceptive signals (r = - 0.52). Our study elucidates the complex phenomenology of DP in relation to bodily selfhood during waking and dreaming and suggests avenues for potential therapeutic interventions in people with chronic depersonalisation (depersonalisation -derealisation disorder).


Assuntos
Cognição , Despersonalização , Humanos , Sonhos , Emoções
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