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2.
Soins Psychiatr ; 39(316): 34-37, 2018.
Artigo em Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29753437

RESUMO

A support group brings together several people around a common theme. It aims to favour the expression of experiences, suffering, conflicts, problems as well as discussions about potential improvements or solutions. The themes of these supervised exchanges are varied and numerous. They might cover violent acts against oneself or others in order to lessen or prevent such violence and dangerousness. Support groups are often supervised and facilitated by psychologists, frequently accompanied by nurses when they take place within a healthcare setting.


Assuntos
Comportamento Perigoso , Prisioneiros/psicologia , Psicoterapia de Grupo/métodos , Apoio Social , Violência/prevenção & controle , Violência/psicologia , Ab-Reação , Encenação , Humanos , Comunicação Interdisciplinar , Colaboração Intersetorial , Resolução de Problemas , Unidade Hospitalar de Psiquiatria , Recidiva , Delitos Sexuais/psicologia , Teoria da Mente
3.
Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am ; 22(1): 51-66, 2013 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23164127

RESUMO

This review begins with the question "What is childhood trauma?" Diagnosis is discussed next, and then the article focuses on treatment, using 3 basic principles-abreaction, context, and correction. Treatment modalities and complications are discussed, with case vignettes presented throughout to illustrate. Suggestions are provided for the psychiatrist to manage countertransference as trauma therapy proceeds.


Assuntos
Psicoterapia/métodos , Transtornos de Estresse Pós-Traumáticos/terapia , Ferimentos e Lesões/psicologia , Ab-Reação , Adolescente , Criança , Maus-Tratos Infantis/psicologia , Desenvolvimento Infantil/fisiologia , Pré-Escolar , Terapia Combinada , Aconselhamento/métodos , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Anamnese , Transtornos da Memória/etiologia , Equipe de Assistência ao Paciente , Transtorno Reativo de Vinculação na Infância/etiologia , Transtornos de Estresse Pós-Traumáticos/diagnóstico , Transferência Psicológica , Ferimentos e Lesões/terapia
4.
Am J Psychother ; 65(4): 281-309, 2011.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22329334

RESUMO

Pierre Janet's works on conversion disorders or dissociative disorders has mainly fallen to the wayside in favour of Freud's works. In the first part of this paper, Janet's conception of hysteria is discussed and his place in French psychiatry described. Different aspects of Janet's diathesis-stress approach are presented (particularly the pathogenic concept of fixed ideas), which refer not only to a conception of hysteria but also to traumatic (stress) disorders and other psychological disturbances. The second part of the paper details the varieties of Janetian therapeutic treatments of these disorders: the "liquidation" of fixed ideas by hypnosis and suggestion, confrontation techniques, which resemble contemporary cognitive behavioural approaches, and special cognitive ("logagogic") interventions. Finally, we discuss the various treatment strategies based on psychoeconomic considerations such as physical or psycho-phyical therapies, psychoeducation, treatment through rest, and simplification of life for dealing with basic disturbances of psychic disorders.


Assuntos
Transtorno Conversivo/psicologia , Transtorno Conversivo/terapia , Transtornos Dissociativos/psicologia , Transtornos Dissociativos/terapia , Psicoterapia/métodos , Ab-Reação , Terapia Comportamental/métodos , Caráter , Terapia Cognitivo-Comportamental/métodos , Transtorno Conversivo/diagnóstico , Cultura , Transtornos Dissociativos/diagnóstico , Teoria Freudiana , Humanos , Histeria/diagnóstico , Histeria/psicologia , Histeria/terapia , Acontecimentos que Mudam a Vida , Transtornos de Estresse Pós-Traumáticos/diagnóstico , Transtornos de Estresse Pós-Traumáticos/psicologia , Transtornos de Estresse Pós-Traumáticos/terapia
5.
Br J Psychiatry ; 197(2): 91-5, 2010 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20679259

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: The value of drug interviews in the treatment of conversion disorder is at present unknown. AIMS: To review all the available papers published in English that report on the use of drug interviews for treating conversion/dissociative disorder. METHOD: Databases (including EMBASE, MEDLINE and PsycINFO) were searched from 1920 to 2009. Selected publications had to report on the use of drug interviews in people diagnosed with a conversion/dissociative disorder. Qualitative and quantitative data were extracted. Predictors of a positive response were ascertained using meta-analytic techniques. RESULTS: Fifty-five papers meeting inclusion criteria were identified. No studies compared the intervention with a suitable control group. However, two studies reported high response rates when drug interview was used in individuals with treatment-resistant conversion disorder. In the meta-analysis, the use of suggestion and occurrence of emotional catharsis during the interview were positively associated with recovery. Combining two medications and comorbid psychiatric disorder were negatively associated with recovery. CONCLUSIONS: The evidence for effectiveness of drug interviews is of poor quality but it may be of benefit in the treatment of acute and treatment-resistant conversion disorder. A proactive approach during the interview, making suggestions the individual will respond, could influence outcome. Comorbid psychiatric disorder should be treated conventionally. Experimental studies to determine efficacy are required.


Assuntos
Ab-Reação , Barbitúricos/uso terapêutico , Benzodiazepinas/uso terapêutico , Transtorno Conversivo/terapia , Moduladores GABAérgicos/uso terapêutico , Sugestão , Transtorno Conversivo/psicologia , Quimioterapia Combinada , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Placebos , Repressão Psicológica
6.
Am J Clin Hypn ; 52(3): 189-203, 2010 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20187338

RESUMO

The prospect of utilizing memory plasticity (the constructive and transitory nature of memory) for therapeutic purposes has not been widely recognized. However, a number of theoretical and clinical venues throughout the last century have shown its potential application. Intensive research conducted during these last decades, pointed out the possibility of influencing human memory in relation to new memories and their specific components. Moreover, the research showed the feasibility of planting alternative early childhood memories and thus altering memories of personal history. Additionally, researchers found that memory is naturally very fallible due to everyday phenomena of forgetfulness, distortion and intrusion of past and present information. Throughout the course of this paper, the integrative overview of these empirical findings with the aforementioned clinical and theoretical foundations serves as a substratum in an attempt to present an integrative therapeutic approach, named Memory Focused Interventions (MFI).


Assuntos
Hipnose/métodos , Rememoração Mental , Psicoterapia/métodos , Ab-Reação , Adaptação Psicológica , Transtornos de Adaptação/psicologia , Transtornos de Adaptação/terapia , Adulto , Criança , Maus-Tratos Infantis/psicologia , Maus-Tratos Infantis/terapia , Feminino , Humanos , Acontecimentos que Mudam a Vida , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Regressão Psicológica , Repressão Psicológica , Sugestão
8.
Int J Clin Exp Hypn ; 57(1): 47-63, 2009 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19031233

RESUMO

This paper summarizes Helen Watkins's (1980) silent abreaction technique for releasing anger and the subsequent elaborations it has inspired. Discussion of Watkins's seminal article incorporates her verbatim account of the technique, 2 clinical applications, and her encouragement of further adaptations. Other scholars' subsequent contributions include an adaptation for dissociative identity disorder, brief treatment of constant pain syndrome, and inpatient treatment of a suicidally depressed, dissociative survivor of sexual abuse. Commonalities and distinctions among Watkins's work and these modifications are discussed. New case material from the author's practice illustrate further elaborations, with emphasis on the role of releasing anger in the resolution of dissociative defenses and internal fragmentation in dissociative clients. To enhance the clinical utility of this paper, verbatim passages are included for all case illustrations in H. H. Watkins (1980), the 3 published elaborations, and the new case material.


Assuntos
Ab-Reação , Ira , Hipnose , Terapia Psicanalítica/métodos , Sugestão , Doença Crônica , Transtornos Dissociativos/psicologia , Transtornos Dissociativos/terapia , Transtorno Dissociativo de Identidade/psicologia , Transtorno Dissociativo de Identidade/terapia , Empatia , Feminino , Humanos , Imaginação , Acontecimentos que Mudam a Vida , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Dor/psicologia , Manejo da Dor , Autoimagem
9.
J Evid Based Soc Work ; 6(3): 300-20, 2009 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20183680

RESUMO

The idea that clients should be encouraged to express strong emotion regarding the traumas they have suffered is widely assumed. This article asks whether the empirical literature supports the underlying assumption that emotional expression leads to positive outcomes (better health and dissipation of distress). Studies in which individuals who have been given an opportunity to express emotions about past traumas are compared with subjects placed in appropriate control conditions are reviewed. The empirical literature suggests that eliciting emotion is harmful when it is not associated with reappraisal of past trauma, but helpful when the reappraisal occurs. The following guideline emerges: if trauma is to be revisited, it should be accompanied by reappraisal. Since this is sometimes difficult to engineer, alternative approaches for working with victims of trauma, not involving revisiting the trauma, are offered. Additionally, it is suggested that it can be helpful to identify the nature of the problem arising from the traumatic experience and then provide therapeutic intervention that addresses the problem.


Assuntos
Adaptação Psicológica , Prática Clínica Baseada em Evidências , Emoções Manifestas , Serviço Social , Ab-Reação , Catarse , Vítimas de Crime , Humanos , Acontecimentos que Mudam a Vida
10.
Artigo em Alemão | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18800673

RESUMO

Based on normal developmental phenomena we describe characteristics of obsessive-compulsive disorder in childhood. The functionalities of OCD symptoms are crucial for the treatment planning. According to the functions of symptoms a treatment of OCD symptoms or a treatment of their underlying problems or even a treatment with the family members of the child with OCD is indicated. Finally the peculiarities of OCD treatment with children and adolescents are described.


Assuntos
Transtorno Obsessivo-Compulsivo/terapia , Ab-Reação , Adolescente , Criança , Terapia Combinada , Terapia Familiar , Humanos , Terapia Implosiva , Transtorno Obsessivo-Compulsivo/diagnóstico , Transtorno Obsessivo-Compulsivo/psicologia , Prognóstico , Psicoterapia
12.
J Psychosoc Nurs Ment Health Serv ; 41(6): 22-31, 2003 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12812002

RESUMO

1. Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) is an integrative therapy that "unlocks" disturbing memories or beliefs and reprocessess them, in some way, so they are no longer as disabling. 2. EMDR can be used for any experientially based psychological problems and has proven especially effective for traumatic imagery associated with posttraumatic stress disorder. 3. A primary benefit of EMDR is its time efficiency, requiring as few as 3 to 5 hours of treatment. 4. Many potential mechanisms (i.e., cognitive, hypnotic, self-disclosure, biological) may account for the effectiveness of EMDR.


Assuntos
Dessensibilização Psicológica/métodos , Movimentos Oculares , Transtornos de Estresse Pós-Traumáticos/terapia , Ab-Reação , Terapia Cognitivo-Comportamental , Feminino , Humanos , Hipnose , Serviços de Informação , Acontecimentos que Mudam a Vida , Processos Mentais , Cidade de Nova Iorque , Escalas de Graduação Psiquiátrica , Transtornos de Estresse Pós-Traumáticos/diagnóstico , Transtornos de Estresse Pós-Traumáticos/etiologia , Transtornos de Estresse Pós-Traumáticos/psicologia , Terrorismo/psicologia , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do Tratamento
13.
Am J Clin Hypn ; 45(4): 353-9, 2003 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12722937

RESUMO

The irritable bowel syndrome is characterized by abdominal pain, altered bowel habits and various other digestive symptoms. Emotional factors are important in some patients. I describe here a metaphor which links the altered motility of the digestive system to the emotional contents it may embody. A metaphor of a river is used to evoke both a smooth, coordinated flow through the normal digestive tract and a normal flow in the management of the patient's emotions. The possibility that some blockage has occurred in the river, resulting in perturbation of the normal flow is then suggested to the patient. This is followed by a suggestion for the patient to clear the blockage. This approach may lead patients to work on the emotional components of their symptoms, resulting in their subsequent resolution. I have used this approach with several patients and it proved very effective. This paper demonstrates the use of this metaphor in one of the patients.


Assuntos
Doenças Funcionais do Colo/terapia , Hipnose , Metáfora , Transtornos Somatoformes/terapia , Sugestão , Ab-Reação , Doenças Funcionais do Colo/psicologia , Emoções , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Transtornos Somatoformes/psicologia
15.
Psychoanal Q ; 69(4): 677-710, 2000 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11103404

RESUMO

This paper describes a dialectic believed to be at the heart of therapeutic interaction within a relational model. The dialectic consists of the interrelationship of two modes: the dyadic and the triadic. In the dyadic mode, the analyst responds with aspects of his or her self that singularly reflect the patient's subjectivity. This mode of attunement is uniquely suited to bringing the patient's experience into a place where it can then be seen and known. In the triadic mode, realities are recognized that are important to, but still outside of, the subjectivity of the patient. The analyst invites the patient to see him- or herself not only from inside his or her own space, but also from a point outside, through the perspective of others. The analyst is charged with asymmetric but not exclusive responsibility for negotiating and sustaining a fluid and flexible relationship between these modes. Optimally, this occurs through spontaneous and authentic engagement informed by intuition, empathy, and clinical judgment. However, when this dialectic loses its robust and kinetic quality (as frequently occurs in approaches ranging from the classical to the postmodern), an impermeable dyad is formed by extruding potentially triangulating aspects of reality (and subjectivity). This can result in curiosity and the openness of uncertainty being replaced by closed-mindedness and proclamation.


Assuntos
Modelos Psicológicos , Relações Profissional-Paciente , Terapia Psicanalítica , Processos Psicoterapêuticos , Ab-Reação , Adulto , Contratransferência , Feminino , Humanos , Transferência Psicológica
16.
Aust N Z J Psychiatry ; 33(3): 392-8, 1999 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10442796

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: This is the second part of a study of posttraumatic amnesia in World War I (WW I) soldiers. It moves beyond diagnostic validation of posttraumatic amnesia (PTA), to examine treatment findings, and relates these to contemporary treatment of dissociative amnesia, including treatment of victims of civilian trauma (e.g. childhood sexual abuse). METHOD: Key WW I studies are surveyed which focus on the treatment of PTA and traumatic memories. The dissociation-integration and repression-abreaction models are contrasted. RESULTS: Descriptive evidence is cited in support of preferring Myers' and McDougalls' dissociation-integration treatment approach over Brown's repression-abreaction model. CONCLUSION: Therapeutic findings in this paper complement diagnostic data from the first report. Although effective treatment includes elements of both the dissociative-integrative and abreactive treatment approaches, cognitive integration of dissociated traumatic memories and personality functions is primary, while emotional release is secondary.


Assuntos
Amnésia/história , Distúrbios de Guerra/história , Transtornos Dissociativos/história , Modelos Psicológicos , Processos Psicoterapêuticos , Ab-Reação , Amnésia/terapia , Distúrbios de Guerra/terapia , Dessensibilização Psicológica/história , Dessensibilização Psicológica/métodos , Transtornos Dissociativos/terapia , História do Século XX , Humanos , Hipnose/história , Hipnose/métodos , Psicoterapia/história , Repressão Psicológica
17.
J Anxiety Disord ; 13(1-2): 131-57, 1999.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10225505

RESUMO

The growing body of research into treatment efficacy with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) has, by-and-large, been limited to evaluating treatment components or comparing a specific treatment against wait-list controls. This has led to two forms of treatment, Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) and Cognitive-Behavior Therapy (CBT), vying for supremacy without a controlled study actually comparing them. The present research compared EMDR and a CBT variant (Trauma Treatment Protocol; TTP) in the treatment of PTSD, via a controlled clinical study using therapists trained in both procedures. It was found that TTP was both statistically and clinically more effective in reducing pathology related to PTSD and that this superiority was maintained and, in fact, became more evident by 3-month follow-up. These results are discussed in terms of past research. Directions for future research are suggested.


Assuntos
Ab-Reação , Terapia Cognitivo-Comportamental/normas , Dessensibilização Psicológica/normas , Movimentos Oculares , Imagens, Psicoterapia/normas , Transtornos de Estresse Pós-Traumáticos/terapia , Adulto , Análise de Variância , Distribuição de Qui-Quadrado , Terapia Cognitivo-Comportamental/métodos , Dessensibilização Psicológica/métodos , Feminino , Humanos , Imagens, Psicoterapia/métodos , Acontecimentos que Mudam a Vida , Masculino , Memória/fisiologia , Estresse Psicológico/etiologia , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do Tratamento
19.
Seizure ; 6(4): 311-6, 1997 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9304723

RESUMO

Gender-related differences for disorders of consciousness other than true epilepsy usually point to a larger number of women suffering especially from non-epileptic attacks or pseudoseizures. Recently, sexual abuse has been suggested as a possible cause for this increased prevalence in women. It has, however, not been very clear if women have a different phenomenology of these type of seizures from men. In the present study, patients' cases as published in the literature are analysed in a detailed way, using a working classification by Betts et al to look for gender-specificity. Of the 62 cases, 76% concern women and 24% men; a percentage comparable to those published elsewhere. Ages range from 14 to 77 years-of-age, but 89% of patients are younger than 40. Sexual abuse was proven in 18 cases, all women. The phenomenology of the attacks was divided into tonic-clonic type and complex partial type of attack, or a combination of the two. Also, special types of attacks (swoons, tantrums, abreactive attacks and forthright simulation) were looked for. Males tended to suffer especially from tonic-clonic type seizures (80% of cases), while in women as many tonic-clonic type as complex partial type attacks were observed. Special types of attacks were observed at the same frequency in both sexes. The group of sexual abuse victims did not differ from the total group of women in this respect. The clinically more impressive nature of a tonic-clonic-type attack, that is more easily suspected to be 'real', might make this type of seizure a more male form of acting out. A prospective study on the incidence and phenomenology of pseudo-epileptic seizures in the general population is suggested to answer the new questions raised in this survey.


Assuntos
Epilepsia/psicologia , Convulsões/psicologia , Ab-Reação , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Criança , Abuso Sexual na Infância/diagnóstico , Abuso Sexual na Infância/psicologia , Epilepsia/diagnóstico , Epilepsia Tônico-Clônica/diagnóstico , Epilepsia Tônico-Clônica/psicologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fatores de Risco , Convulsões/diagnóstico , Fatores Sexuais
20.
J Trauma Stress ; 10(3): 515-22, 1997 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9246656

RESUMO

Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) is a therapy roughly equal in efficacy to others currently available. It is argued that this treatment method is efficacious independent of the value of its component parts (e.g., eye movements) and is successful because it applies common and generally accepted principles of psychotherapy. Ten curative principles of this procedure are discussed as reflective of sound psychotherapy practice. It is hoped that an understanding of this therapy from the perspective of the practice and theory of psychotherapy will assist in its study.


Assuntos
Dessensibilização Psicológica/métodos , Movimentos Oculares , Psicoterapia/métodos , Transtornos de Estresse Pós-Traumáticos/terapia , Ab-Reação , Humanos , Psicoterapia Centrada na Pessoa/métodos , Transtornos de Estresse Pós-Traumáticos/psicologia , Resultado do Tratamento
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