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1.
Int J Mol Sci ; 25(5)2024 Mar 05.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38474250

RESUMO

Smiliogastrinae are recognized for their high nutritional and ornamental value. In this study, we employed high-throughput sequencing technology to acquire the complete mitochondrial genome sequences of Dawkinsia filamentosa and Pethia nigrofasciata. The gene composition and arrangement order in these species were similar to those of typical vertebrates, comprising 13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNA genes, 2 rRNA genes, and 1 non-coding region. The mitochondrial genomes of D. filamentosa and P. nigrofasciata measure 16,598 and 16,948 bp, respectively. Both D. filamentosa and P. nigrofasciata exhibit a significant preference for AT bases and an anti-G bias. Notably, the AT and GC skew values of the ND6 gene fluctuated markedly, suggesting that the selection and mutation pressures on this gene may differ from those affecting other genes. Phylogenetic analysis, based on the complete mitochondrial genomes of 23 Cyprinidae fishes, revealed that D. filamentosa is closely related to the sister group comprising Dawkinsia denisonii and Sahyadria chalakkudiensis. Similarly, P. nigrofasciata forms a sister group with Pethia ticto and Pethia stoliczkana.


Assuntos
Cyprinidae , Genoma Mitocondrial , Animais , Filogenia , DNA Mitocondrial/genética , Vertebrados/genética , RNA de Transferência/genética , Cyprinidae/genética , Genes Mitocondriais
2.
Mol Biol Rep ; 51(1): 397, 2024 Mar 08.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38453728

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: The white teatfish, Holothuria fuscogilva, is widely distributed in coastal areas, including waters around coral reefs and seagrasses in the Indo-Pacific. In Kenya, the species is distributed in shallow reefs with higher landings reported from the Vanga-Shimoni-Gazi seascape on the Kenyan south coast. Despite its high exploitation for export and its vulnerable and endangered statuses under IUCN and CITES respectively, Kenya's H. fuscogilva populations and how they may have been impacted by the fishing pressure have not been studied. METHODS: We estimated the genetic diversity and structure of H. fuscogilva population conveniently sampled from three sites in Kenyan south coast using the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) gene sequences. We recorded 30 haplotypes with 43 polymorphic sites across the population. Furthermore, we estimated an overall high haplotype diversity and low nucleotide diversity of estimates of h = 0.970 ± 0.013 and π = 0.010 ± 0.001 respectively. CONCLUSIONS: These preliminary findings suggest several population outcomes, among them a fit population, which require confirming with more comprehensive study to inform strategies for the sustainable exploitation and management of the species.


Assuntos
Holothuria , Animais , Holothuria/genética , Quênia , Variação Genética/genética , Genética Populacional , Genes Mitocondriais , Haplótipos/genética , DNA Mitocondrial/genética
3.
BMC Biol ; 22(1): 70, 2024 Mar 22.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38519936

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Eriophyoid mites (Eriophyoidea) are among the largest groups in the Acariformes; they are strictly phytophagous. The higher-level phylogeny of eriophyoid mites, however, remains unresolved due to the limited number of available morphological characters-some of them are homoplastic. Nevertheless, the eriophyoid mites sequenced to date showed highly variable mitochondrial (mt) gene orders, which could potentially be useful for resolving the higher-level phylogenetic relationships. RESULTS: Here, we sequenced and compared the complete mt genomes of 153 eriophyoid mite species, which showed 54 patterns of rearranged mt gene orders relative to that of the hypothetical ancestor of arthropods. The shared derived mt gene clusters support the monophyly of eriophyoid mites (Eriophyoidea) as a whole and the monophylies of six clades within Eriophyoidea. These monophyletic groups and their relationships were largely supported in the phylogenetic trees inferred from mt genome sequences as well. Our molecular dating results showed that Eriophyoidea originated in the Triassic and diversified in the Cretaceous, coinciding with the diversification of angiosperms. CONCLUSIONS: This study reveals multiple molecular synapomorphies (i.e. shared derived mt gene clusters) at different levels (i.e. family, subfamily or tribe level) from the complete mt genomes of 153 eriophyoid mite species. We demonstrated the use of derived mt gene clusters in unveiling the higher-level phylogeny of eriophyoid mites, and underlines the origin of these mites and their co-diversification with angiosperms.


Assuntos
Genoma Mitocondrial , Magnoliopsida , Ácaros , Animais , Filogenia , Ácaros/genética , Genes Mitocondriais , Família Multigênica , Magnoliopsida/genética
4.
Front Immunol ; 15: 1375143, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38510247

RESUMO

This comprehensive review delves into the complex interplay between mitochondrial gene defects and pancreatic cancer pathogenesis through a multiomics approach. By amalgamating data from genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic studies, we dissected the mechanisms by which mitochondrial genetic variations dictate cancer progression. Emphasis has been placed on the roles of these genes in altering cellular metabolic processes, signal transduction pathways, and immune system interactions. We further explored how these findings could refine therapeutic interventions, with a particular focus on precision medicine applications. This analysis not only fills pivotal knowledge gaps about mitochondrial anomalies in pancreatic cancer but also paves the way for future investigations into personalized therapy options. This finding underscores the crucial nexus between mitochondrial genetics and oncological immunology, opening new avenues for targeted cancer treatment strategies.


Assuntos
Neoplasias Pancreáticas , Proteômica , Humanos , Genes Mitocondriais , Multiômica , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/terapia , Genômica
5.
Sci Rep ; 14(1): 2859, 2024 02 03.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38310106

RESUMO

As the malignancy with the highest global incidence, breast cancer represents a significant threat to women's health. Recent advances have shed light on the importance of mitochondrial function in cancer, particularly in metabolic reprogramming within tumors. Recognizing this, we developed a novel risk signature based on mitochondrial-related genes to improve prognosis prediction and risk stratification in breast cancer patients. In this study, transcriptome data and clinical features of breast cancer samples were extracted from two sources: the TCGA, serving as the training set, and the METABRIC, used as the independent validation set. We developed the signature using LASSO-Cox regression and assessed its prognostic efficacy via ROC curves. Furthermore, the signature was integrated with clinical features to create a Nomogram model, whose accuracy was validated through clinical calibration curves and decision curve analysis. To further elucidate prognostic variations between high and low-risk groups, we conducted functional enrichment and immune infiltration analyses. Additionally, the study encompassed a comparison of mutation landscapes and drug sensitivity, providing a comprehensive understanding of the differing characteristics in these groups. Conclusively, we established a risk signature comprising 8 mitochondrial-related genes-ACSL1, ALDH2, MTHFD2, MRPL13, TP53AIP1, SLC1A1, ME3, and BCL2A1. This signature was identified as an independent risk predictor for breast cancer patient survival, exhibiting a significant high hazard ratio (HR = 3.028, 95%CI 2.038-4.499, P < 0.001). Patients in the low-risk group showed a more favorable prognosis, with enhanced immune infiltration, distinct mutation landscapes, and greater sensitivity to anti-tumor drugs. In contrast, the high-risk group exhibited an adverse trend in these aspects. This risk signature represents a novel and effective prognostic indicator, suggesting valuable insights for patient stratification in breast cancer.


Assuntos
Neoplasias da Mama , Humanos , Feminino , Neoplasias da Mama/genética , Prognóstico , Genes Mitocondriais , Mitocôndrias/genética , Medição de Risco , Aldeído-Desidrogenase Mitocondrial
6.
Int J Mol Sci ; 25(4)2024 Feb 13.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38396915

RESUMO

Mitochondrial ATP synthase (Complex V) catalyzes the last step of oxidative phosphorylation and provides most of the energy (ATP) required by human cells. The mitochondrial genes MT-ATP6 and MT-ATP8 encode two subunits of the multi-subunit Complex V. Since the discovery of the first MT-ATP6 variant in the year 1990 as the cause of Neuropathy, Ataxia, and Retinitis Pigmentosa (NARP) syndrome, a large and continuously increasing number of inborn variants in the MT-ATP6 and MT-ATP8 genes have been identified as pathogenic. Variants in these genes correlate with various clinical phenotypes, which include several neurodegenerative and multisystemic disorders. In the present review, we report the pathogenic variants in mitochondrial ATP synthase genes and highlight the molecular mechanisms underlying ATP synthase deficiency that promote biochemical dysfunctions. We discuss the possible structural changes induced by the most common variants found in patients by considering the recent cryo-electron microscopy structure of human ATP synthase. Finally, we provide the state-of-the-art of all therapeutic proposals reported in the literature, including drug interventions targeting mitochondrial dysfunctions, allotopic gene expression- and nuclease-based strategies, and discuss their potential translation into clinical trials.


Assuntos
Doenças Mitocondriais , ATPases Mitocondriais Próton-Translocadoras , Humanos , Trifosfato de Adenosina , Microscopia Crioeletrônica , DNA Mitocondrial/genética , Genes Mitocondriais , Doenças Mitocondriais/genética , Doenças Mitocondriais/terapia , ATPases Mitocondriais Próton-Translocadoras/genética , ATPases Mitocondriais Próton-Translocadoras/metabolismo , Mutação
7.
PLoS One ; 19(2): e0298221, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38354179

RESUMO

Due to traditional classification methods' limitations, some cryptic species remain undiscovered. To better explore the existence of the Schrenck salamander (Salamandrella tridactyla, a cryptic species of Siberian salamander S. keyserlingii) in China, we conducted a molecular phylogenetic analysis to confirm the taxonomic relationship among Salamandrella species and investigate genetic variation. We used complete sequences of the mitochondrial COI gene from 65 specimens collected across a wide range in Northeastern China. Thirty-five haplotypes were obtained from six populations. They showed medium-high haplotype diversity (Hd) and low nucleotide polymorphism (π). The phylogenetic tree and haplotype network analysis revealed that populations from Greater Khingan Ridge (Huma: HM) and Lesser Khingan Ridge (Tieli: TL) belong to S. keyserlingii, while populations from Changbai Mountain (Shangzhi-zhuziying: SZ, Shangzhi-cuijia: SC, Hailin: HL, and Baishan: BS) belong to S. tridactyla. This indicates the monophyly of Salamandrella and each of the two species. There was a substantial level of genetic differentiation between different species and within populations of the same species. This differentiation was significantly related to geographical distance. At last, the mismatch distribution and neutrality analyses indicated that the TL populations have undergone expansion of history. The study supplements the distributional range of Schrenck salamander. And it provides a theoretical basis for species conservation of Salamandrella species.


Assuntos
Deriva Genética , Urodelos , Animais , Filogenia , Urodelos/genética , Genes Mitocondriais , China , Haplótipos , Variação Genética , DNA Mitocondrial/genética
8.
Mol Biol Rep ; 51(1): 298, 2024 Feb 11.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38341808

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Brachiopods are a phylum of marine invertebrates with over 10,000 fossil species. Today, there are fewer than 500 extant species assigned to the class Articulata or Inarticulata and for which knowledge of evolutionary genetics and genomics is still poor. Until now, complete mitogenome sequences of two inarticulate species and four articulate species were available. METHODS AND RESULTS: The complete mitogenome of the inarticulate brachiopod species Lingula reevii (20,778 bp) was obtained by using next generation sequencing. It contains 12 protein-coding genes (the annotation of atp8 is unsure), two ribosomal RNA genes, 26 transfer RNA genes, and one supernumerary ORF that is also conserved in the inarticulate species Lingula anatina. It is hypothesized that this ORF could represent a Lingula-specific mtORFan gene (without obvious homology to other genes). Comparative mitogenomics indicate the mitochondrial gene order of L. reevii is unique among brachiopods, and that compared to articulate species, inarticulate species exhibit massive mitogenome rearrangements, deviant ATP8 protein sequences and supernumerary ORFs, possibly representing species- or lineage-specific mtORFan genes. CONCLUSION: The results of this study enrich genetics knowledge of extant brachiopods, which may eventually help to test hypotheses about their decline.


Assuntos
Genoma Mitocondrial , Invertebrados , Animais , Invertebrados/genética , Evolução Biológica , Genômica , Genes Mitocondriais , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Genoma Mitocondrial/genética , Filogenia
9.
Arch Insect Biochem Physiol ; 115(1): e22075, 2024 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38288487

RESUMO

Molecular data has become a powerful tool for species delimitation, particularly among those that present limited morphological differences; while the mitochondrial genome, with its moderate length, low cost of sequencing and fast lineage sorting, has emerged as a practical data set. Due to the limited morphological differences among the closely related species of Carbula Stål 1865, the species boundaries between Carbula abbreviata (Motschulsky, 1866), Carbula humerigera (Uhler, 1860), and Carbula putoni (Jakovlev, 1876) have remained particularly unclear. In this study, we applied two phylogenetic reconstruction methods to two data sets (mitogenome and COI) to assess the phylogeny of Carbula distributed in Asia, and five species delimitation methods to determine the boundaries between East Asian Carbula species. Our phylogenetic analyses showed Carbula to be paraphyletic; the seven known species distributed within East Asia to form a single monophyletic group, and within this, C. abbreviata, C. humerigera, C. putoni and middle-type to comprise a C. humerigera species complex. Our results show that mitogenome data alone, while effective in the differentiation of more distantly related Carbula species, is not sufficient to accurately delimit the species within this newly described complex.


Assuntos
Hemípteros , Heterópteros , Animais , Hemípteros/genética , Genes Mitocondriais , Filogenia , Heterópteros/genética
10.
Nat Commun ; 15(1): 451, 2024 Jan 11.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38200005

RESUMO

Immune cells must adapt to different environments during the course of an immune response. Here we study the adaptation of CD8+ T cells to the intestinal microenvironment and how this process shapes the establishment of the CD8+ T cell pool. CD8+ T cells progressively remodel their transcriptome and surface phenotype as they enter the gut wall, and downregulate expression of mitochondrial genes. Human and mouse intestinal CD8+ T cells have reduced mitochondrial mass, but maintain a viable energy balance to sustain their function. We find that the intestinal microenvironment is rich in prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), which drives mitochondrial depolarization in CD8+ T cells. Consequently, these cells engage autophagy to clear depolarized mitochondria, and enhance glutathione synthesis to scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS) that result from mitochondrial depolarization. Impairing PGE2 sensing promotes CD8+ T cell accumulation in the gut, while tampering with autophagy and glutathione negatively impacts the T cell pool. Thus, a PGE2-autophagy-glutathione axis defines the metabolic adaptation of CD8+ T cells to the intestinal microenvironment, to ultimately influence the T cell pool.


Assuntos
Autofagia , Linfócitos T CD8-Positivos , Humanos , Animais , Camundongos , Dinoprostona , Genes Mitocondriais , Glutationa
11.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38190283

RESUMO

The inclusion of ingredients derived from pigs in highly processed consumer products poses a significant challenge for DNA-targeted analytical enforcement, which could be overcome by using digital PCR. However, most species detection methods use digital PCR to target single-copy nuclear genes, which limits their sensitivity. In this work, we examined the performance of a nanoplate-based digital PCR method that targets multi-copy nuclear (MPRE42) and mitochondrial (Cytb) genes. Poor separation of positive and negative partitions, as well as a 'rain effect' were obtained in the porcine-specific MPRE42 assay. Among the optimization strategies examined, the inclusion of restriction enzymes slightly improved the separation of positive and negative partitions, but a more extensive 'rain effect' was observed. The high copy number of the MPRE42 amplicon is hypothesized to contribute to the saturation of the positive signal. In contrast, the porcine-specific Cytb assay achieved perfect separation of positive and negative partitions with no 'rain effect'. This assay can detect as little as 0.4 pg of pork DNA, with a sensitivity of 0.05% (w/w) in a pork-chicken mixture, proving its applicability for detecting pork in meat and meat-based products. For the MPRE42 assay, potential applications in highly degraded products such as gelatin and lard are anticipated.


Assuntos
Carne de Porco , Carne Vermelha , Suínos/genética , Animais , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/métodos , Genes Mitocondriais , Carne Vermelha/análise , Carne de Porco/análise , DNA/genética , Carne/análise
12.
Sci Transl Med ; 16(731): eadd6883, 2024 Jan 24.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38266108

RESUMO

Down syndrome (DS) is caused by trisomy of human chromosome 21 (Hsa21). DS is a gene dosage disorder that results in multiple phenotypes including congenital heart defects. This clinically important cardiac pathology is the result of a third copy of one or more of the approximately 230 genes on Hsa21, but the identity of the causative dosage-sensitive genes and hence mechanisms underlying this cardiac pathology remain unclear. Here, we show that hearts from human fetuses with DS and embryonic hearts from the Dp1Tyb mouse model of DS show reduced expression of mitochondrial respiration genes and cell proliferation genes. Using systematic genetic mapping, we determined that three copies of the dual-specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1A (Dyrk1a) gene, encoding a serine/threonine protein kinase, are associated with congenital heart disease pathology. In embryos from Dp1Tyb mice, reducing Dyrk1a gene copy number from three to two reversed defects in cellular proliferation and mitochondrial respiration in cardiomyocytes and rescued heart septation defects. Increased dosage of DYRK1A protein resulted in impairment of mitochondrial function and congenital heart disease pathology in mice with DS, suggesting that DYRK1A may be a useful therapeutic target for treating this common human condition.


Assuntos
Síndrome de Down , Cardiopatias Congênitas , Animais , Humanos , Camundongos , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Síndrome de Down/genética , Genes Mitocondriais , Cardiopatias Congênitas/genética , Miócitos Cardíacos , Trissomia
13.
Zootaxa ; 5397(4): 451-485, 2024 Jan 08.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38221190

RESUMO

The area around the Malagasy village of Andasibe, which includes Analamazaotra-Mantadia National Park as well as other protected areas, is characterized by very species-rich and well-studied communities of animals and plants, but new species are still regularly discovered. Three species of phytotelmic frogs of the subgenus Pandanusicola in the genus Guibemantis are known from this area, G. flavobrunneus, G. liber, and G. pulcher. Further Pandanusicola frogs from this area have been provisionally assigned to G. bicalcaratus or G. albolineatus, pending detailed taxonomic review. During preliminary exploration of the ecology of these specialized frogs that live and reproduce in the leaf axils of Pandanus screw pines, we noticed the syntopic presence of two differently colored and differently sized Pandanusicola in Andasibe that could not be unambiguously assigned to any known species. A genetic screening revealed that these correspond to yet two further species in the area. Based on our data, seven species of Pandanusicola occur in Andasibe and nearby forests: (1) G. liber, the only non-phytotelmic species of the subgenus in the region; (2) G. flavobrunneus which is the largest species and characterized by a diagnostic yellowish brown dorsal pattern; (3) G. pulcher, characterized by translucent-green color with purplish brown spotting not observed in any other species in the area; (4) G. methueni, a brownish species usually lacking contrasted dorsolateral bands that differs from the other species in the area by emitting a characteristic trill-like advertisement call series (rather than clicks or chirps) and according to our data is widespread along Madagascars east coast; as well as three new species: (5) G. ambakoana sp. nov., a brownish species, typically with contrasted incomplete light dorsolateral bands and with single click-like advertisement calls; (6) G. vakoa sp. nov., a species that is equally brownish but lacks contrasted light dorsolateral bands and that has single click-like advertisement calls of very short duration; and (7) G. rianasoa sp. nov., a species that is smaller sized and has less distinct femoral glands than all the others, and emits a short series of soft chirp-like advertisement calls. All these species are genetically highly distinct, with >5% uncorrected pairwise distances in the mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene, and lack of haplotype sharing in two nuclear-encoded genes. The co-occurrence of seven Pandanusicola frogs in a relatively small geographic area is unprecedented in Madagascar and calls for in-depth studies of a possible differentiation in habitat use and life history.


Assuntos
Anuros , Genes Mitocondriais , Animais , RNA Ribossômico 16S , Filogenia , Madagáscar , Anuros/genética
14.
BMC Cancer ; 24(1): 94, 2024 Jan 17.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38233752

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Mitochondria, which serve as the fundamental organelle for cellular energy and metabolism, are closely linked to the growth and survival of cancer cells. This study aims to identify and assess Sideroflexin1 (SFXN1), an unprecedented mitochondrial gene, as a potential prognostic biomarker for lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). METHODS: The mRNA and protein levels of SFXN1 were investigated based on the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) LUAD dataset, and then validated by real-time quantitative PCR, Western Blotting and immunohistochemistry from our clinical samples. The clinical correlation and prognostic value were evaluated by the TCGA cohort and verified via our clinical dataset (n = 90). The somatic mutation, drug sensitivity data, immune cell infiltration and single-cell RNA sequencing data of SFXN1 were analyzed through public databases. RESULTS: SFXN1 was markedly upregulated at both mRNA and protein levels in LUAD, and high expression of SFXN1 were correlated with larger tumor size, positive lymph node metastasis, and advanced clinical stage. Furthermore, SFXN1 upregulation was significantly associated with poor clinical prognosis. SFXN1 co-expressed genes were also analyzed, which were mainly involved in the cell cycle, central carbon metabolism, DNA repair, and the HIF-1α signaling pathway. Additionally, SFXN1 expression correlated with the expression of multiple immunomodulators, which act to regulate the tumor immune microenvironment. Results also demonstrated an association between SFXN1 expression and increased immune cell infiltration, such as activated CD8 + T cells, natural killer cells (NKs), activated dendritic cells (DCs), and macrophages. LUAD patients with high SFXN1 expression exhibited heightened sensitivity to multiple chemotherapies and targeted drugs and predicted a poor response to immunotherapy. SFXN1 represented an independent prognostic marker for LUAD patients with an improved prognostic value for overall survival when combined with clinical stage information. CONCLUSIONS: SFXN1 is frequently upregulated in LUAD and has a significant impact on the tumor immune environment. Our study uncovers the potential of SFXN1 as a prognostic biomarker and as a novel target for intervention in LUAD.


Assuntos
Adenocarcinoma de Pulmão , Neoplasias Pulmonares , Humanos , Adenocarcinoma de Pulmão/genética , Biomarcadores , Genes Mitocondriais , Neoplasias Pulmonares/genética , Prognóstico , RNA Mensageiro , Microambiente Tumoral/genética
15.
Parasitol Res ; 123(1): 113, 2024 Jan 26.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38273031

RESUMO

Prohemistomum vivax is a zoonotic small cyathocotylid trematode that inhabits the intestines of fish-eating birds and mammals. Here, we amplified the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence and six mitochondrial protein-coding genes (PCGs) from P. vivax. The ITS region was 1389 base pairs long and had a partial 18S ribosomal RNA gene, a full ITS1, 5.8S rRNA, and ITS2 sequence, and a partial 28S rRNA gene. The ITS region of P. vivax showed a minimum pairwise distance (0.3-0.6%) from the ITS sequences of Cyathocotylidae sp. 1 and 2 metacercariae from Clarias gariepinus. This result suggests that these metacercariae belong to P. vivax metacercariae. We first amplified mitochondrial genes from P. vivax, including cytochrome c oxidase subunit III (cox3) partial sequence; tRNA-His, cytochrome b (cytb), and NADH dehydrogenase subunit 4L (nad4L) complete sequences; and NADH dehydrogenase subunit 4 (nad4), cytochrome c oxidase I (cox1), and NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 (nad5) partial sequences. P. vivax was most closely related to Cyathocotyle prussica (NC_039780) and Holostephanus sp. (OP082179), with cox1, cox3, and cytb genes conserved among the three trematodes. The ML phylogenetic tree of ITS sequences supports the order Diplostomida, divided into two main clades (the superfamily Diplostomoidea and Schistosomatoidea). The phylogeny of concatenated amino acid sequences of P. vivax six PCGs revealed that diplostomoids and Clinostomum sp. evolved in a clade with Plagiorchiida members, away from Schistosoma species. These results may yield ribosomal and mitochondrial genetic markers for molecular epidemiological investigations of cyathocotylid intestinal flukes.


Assuntos
Genes Mitocondriais , Trematódeos , Animais , Filogenia , NADH Desidrogenase/genética , Trematódeos/genética , RNA Ribossômico 28S/genética , Mamíferos
16.
Parasitology ; 151(1): 77-83, 2024 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38229575

RESUMO

The genus Encyclometra is one of the two genera in family Encyclometridae, known for parasitising the oesophagus, stomach and intestine of snakes. Among Encyclometra, the species present are: Encyclometra colubrimurorum, Encyclometra japonica, Encyclometra asymmetrica and Encyclometra bungara. Species discrimination within Encyclometra has predominantly relied on morphological differences, such as the length of the caeca and the position of the testes. Morphological overlaps exist among these species making species discrimination challenging. Additionally, the use of molecular information has been limited for Encyclometra. To determine the Encyclometra species infecting Enhydris enhydris from Thailand and Cambodia, morphological and molecular identification was conducted. Morphological characters and measurements were obtained from 30 Encyclometra adults, and they were compared with previous studies of other Encyclometra species. Novel sequences of E. bungara were generated using the nuclear 18S and 28S ribosomal RNA genes, and the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 gene. Our results revealed that the specimens could be morphologically identified as E. bungara, with support from molecular information obtained from the phylogenies of the 3 genetic markers employed. Molecular analysis showed that the Encyclometra specimens were distinct from E. colubrimurorum and E. japonica. Through morphological and molecular identification of the Encyclometra specimens found in E. enhydris from Thailand and Cambodia, we describe and provide a record of E. bungara in a new host and new locality. Additionally, novel molecular sequences were generated, revealing the phylogenetic position of E. bungara within the superfamily Gorgoderoidea.


Assuntos
Trematódeos , Animais , Filogenia , Tailândia , Camboja , Trematódeos/genética , Genes Mitocondriais
17.
Adv Healthc Mater ; 13(5): e2302495, 2024 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38056018

RESUMO

Emerging research suggests that mitochondrial DNA is a potential target for cancer treatment. However, achieving precise delivery of deoxyribozymes (DNAzymes) and combining photodynamic therapy (PDT) and DNAzyme-based gene silencing together for enhancing mitochondrial gene-photodynamic synergistic therapy remains challenging. Accordingly, herein, intelligent supramolecular nanomicelles are constructed by encapsulating a DNAzyme into a photodynamic O2 economizer for mitochondrial NO gas-enhanced synergistic gene-photodynamic therapy. The designed nanomicelles demonstrate sensitive acid- and red-light sequence-activated behaviors. After entering the cancer cells and targeting the mitochondria, these micelles will disintegrate and release the DNAzyme and Mn (II) porphyrin in the tumor microenvironment. Mn (II) porphyrin acts as a DNAzyme cofactor to activate the DNAzyme for the cleavage reaction. Subsequently, the NO-carrying donor is decomposed under red light irradiation to generate NO that inhibits cellular respiration, facilitating the conversion of more O2 into singlet oxygen (1 O2 ) in the tumor cells, thereby significantly enhancing the efficacy of PDT. In vitro and in vivo experiments reveal that the proposed system can efficiently target mitochondria and exhibits considerable antitumor effects with negligible systemic toxicity. Thus, this study provides a useful conditional platform for the precise delivery of DNAzymes and a novel strategy for activatable NO gas-enhanced mitochondrial gene-photodynamic therapy.


Assuntos
DNA Catalítico , Nanopartículas , Fotoquimioterapia , Porfirinas , Genes Mitocondriais , Oxigênio Singlete , Fármacos Fotossensibilizantes/farmacologia , Linhagem Celular Tumoral
18.
Physiol Genomics ; 56(2): 113-127, 2024 Feb 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37982169

RESUMO

Endothelial cells (ECs) adapt to the unique needs of their resident tissue and metabolic perturbations, such as obesity. We sought to understand how obesity affects EC metabolic phenotypes, specifically mitochondrial gene expression. We investigated the mesenteric and adipose endothelium because these vascular beds have distinct roles in lipid homeostasis. Initially, we performed bulk RNA sequencing on ECs from mouse adipose and mesenteric vasculatures after a normal chow (NC) diet or high-fat diet (HFD) and found higher mitochondrial gene expression in adipose ECs compared with mesenteric ECs in both NC and HFD mice. Next, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing and categorized ECs as arterial, capillary, venous, or lymphatic. We found mitochondrial genes to be enriched in adipose compared with mesentery under NC conditions in artery and capillary ECs. After HFD, these genes were decreased in adipose ECs, becoming like mesenteric ECs. Transcription factor analysis revealed that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) had high specificity in NC adipose artery and capillary ECs. These findings were recapitulated in single-nuclei RNA-sequencing data from human visceral adipose. The sum of these findings suggests that mesenteric and adipose arterial ECs metabolize lipids differently, and the transcriptional phenotype of the vascular beds converges in obesity due to downregulation of PPAR-γ in adipose artery and capillary ECs.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Using bulk and single-cell RNA sequencing on endothelial cells from adipose and mesentery, we found that an obesogenic diet induces a reduction in adipose endothelial oxidative phosphorylation gene expression, resulting in a phenotypic convergence of mesenteric and adipose endothelial cells. Furthermore, we found evidence that PPAR-γ drives this phenotypic shift. Mining of human data sets segregated based on body mass index supported these findings. These data point to novel mechanisms by which obesity induces endothelial dysfunction.


Assuntos
Endotélio Vascular , Genes Mitocondriais , Humanos , Camundongos , Animais , Endotélio Vascular/metabolismo , Células Endoteliais/metabolismo , Receptores Ativados por Proliferador de Peroxissomo/metabolismo , Artérias , Obesidade/metabolismo , Dieta Hiperlipídica/efeitos adversos , Tecido Adiposo/metabolismo
19.
Cytotherapy ; 26(1): 11-24, 2024 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37930294

RESUMO

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is a critical genome contained within the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells, with many copies present in each mitochondrion. Mutations in mtDNA often are inherited and can lead to severe health problems, including various inherited diseases and premature aging. The lack of efficient repair mechanisms and the susceptibility of mtDNA to damage exacerbate the threat to human health. Heteroplasmy, the presence of different mtDNA genotypes within a single cell, increases the complexity of these diseases and requires an effective editing method for correction. Recently, gene-editing techniques, including programmable nucleases such as restriction endonuclease, zinc finger nuclease, transcription activator-like effector nuclease, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-associated 9 and base editors, have provided new tools for editing mtDNA in mammalian cells. Base editors are particularly promising because of their high efficiency and precision in correcting mtDNA mutations. In this review, we discuss the application of these techniques in mitochondrial gene editing and their limitations. We also explore the potential of base editors for mtDNA modification and discuss the opportunities and challenges associated with their application in mitochondrial gene editing. In conclusion, this review highlights the advancements, limitations and opportunities in current mitochondrial gene-editing technologies and approaches. Our insights aim to stimulate the development of new editing strategies that can ultimately alleviate the adverse effects of mitochondrial hereditary diseases.


Assuntos
Edição de Genes , Genes Mitocondriais , Animais , Humanos , Edição de Genes/métodos , Mitocôndrias/genética , DNA Mitocondrial/genética , Mutação , Mamíferos/genética
20.
Genes Genomics ; 46(1): 95-112, 2024 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37985545

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: In nucleotide public repositories, studies discovered data errors which resulted in incorrect species identification of several accipitrid raptors considered for conservation. Mislabeling, particularly in cases of cryptic species complexes and closely related species, which were identified based on morphological characteristics, was discovered. Prioritizing accurate species labeling, morphological taxonomy, and voucher documentation is crucial to rectify spurious data. OBJECTIVE: Our study aimed to identify an effective DNA barcoding tool that accurately reflects the efficiency status of barcodes in raptor species (Accipitridae). METHODS: Barcode sequences, including 889 sequences from the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) gene and 1052 sequences from cytochrome b (Cytb), from 150 raptor species within the Accipitridae family were analyzed. RESULTS: The highest percentage of intraspecific nearest neighbors from the nearest neighbor test was 88.05% for COI and 95.00% for Cytb, suggesting that the Cytb gene is a more suitable marker for accurately identifying raptor species and can serve as a standard region for DNA barcoding. In both datasets, a positive barcoding gap representing the difference between inter-and intra-specific sequence divergences was observed. For COI and Cytb, the cut-off score sequence divergences for species identification were 4.00% and 3.00%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Greater accuracy was demonstrated for the Cytb gene, making it the preferred primary DNA barcoding marker for raptors.


Assuntos
Código de Barras de DNA Taxonômico , DNA , Código de Barras de DNA Taxonômico/métodos , Sequência de Bases , Genes Mitocondriais , Complexo IV da Cadeia de Transporte de Elétrons/genética , Citocromos b/genética
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