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1.
PLoS One ; 19(3): e0297674, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38478539

RESUMO

Micronutrient deficiency remains a daunting issue in many parts of the world. Effective interventions are needed to deal with the problem, which should consider production and consumption traditions and trends to improve their success. Parboil rice is a growing staple in Burkina Faso, where micronutrient deficiency remains high. This paper assesses the market feasibility of fortified rice through parboiling using a limited-water soaking method. Our findings suggest that consumers are willing to pay a premium for fortified rice versus conventional parboiled rice after they are informed about the importance of the problem and the potential benefits of fortified rice. A stylized cost analysis also reveals that the cost of producing fortified rice using a limited-water soaking method could exceed the premiums consumers are willing to pay, and therefore that public intervention may be needed to improve the odds of adoption by consumers. The findings have implication beyond Burkina Faso, and could guide market development in other regions where production and consumption of parboiled rice is well established.


Assuntos
Oryza , Burkina Faso , Água , Micronutrientes , Alimentos Fortificados
2.
Molecules ; 29(5)2024 Mar 05.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38474665

RESUMO

Vitamin D3 deficiency is a global phenomenon, which can be managed with supplementation and food fortification. However, vitamin D3 bioaccessibility may depend on factors such as matrix composition and interactions throughout the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. This research focused on the effect of different matrices on vitamin D3 content during digestion, as well as the effect of pH on its bioaccessibility. The INFOGEST protocol was employed to simulate digestion. Three different types of commercial supplements, two foods naturally rich in vitamin D3, and three fortified foods were investigated. High-Performance Liquid Chromatography was used to determine the initial vitamin D3 content in the supplements and foods, as well as after each digestion stage. The results indicate that the foods exhibited higher bioaccessibility indices compared to the supplements and a higher percentage retention at the end of the gastric phase. The pH study revealed a positive correlation between an increased gastric pH and the corresponding content of vitamin D3. Interestingly, exposing the matrix to a low pH during the gastric phase resulted in an increased intestinal content of D3. Vitamin D3 is more bioaccessible from foods than supplements, and its bioaccessibility is susceptible to changes in gastric pH. Fasting conditions (i.e., gastric pH = 1) enhance the vitamin's bioaccessibility.


Assuntos
Colecalciferol , Suplementos Nutricionais , Colecalciferol/química , Suplementos Nutricionais/análise , Alimentos Fortificados/análise , Trato Gastrointestinal/metabolismo , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Digestão , Disponibilidade Biológica
3.
Birth Defects Res ; 116(3): e2321, 2024 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38457279

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Folic acid is a micronutrient that is effective at preventing neural tube defects (NTDs). In 2016, the FDA authorized the voluntary fortification of corn masa flour (CMF) with folic acid to reduce disparities in NTDs among infants of women who do not regularly consume other fortified cereal grains, in particular Hispanic women of reproductive age (WRA). METHODS: We analyzed data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2011 to March 2020 assessing the impact of voluntary fortification of CMF on the folate status of Hispanic WRA. We analyzed folic acid usual intake and red blood cell (RBC) folate concentrations among non-pregnant, non-lactating Hispanic WRA, comparing pre-fortification (2011-2016) to post-fortification (2017-March 2020) data. RBC folate concentrations were used to create model-based estimation of NTD rates. RESULTS: The proportion of Hispanic WRA with folic acid usual intakes <400 µg/d did not change (2011-2016: 86.1% [95% Confidence Interval, CI: 83.7-88.5]; 2017-March 2020: 87.8% [95% CI: 84.8-90.7]; p = .38) nor did the proportion of Hispanic WRA with RBC folate below optimal concentrations (<748 nmol/L, 2011-2016: 16.0% [95% CI: 13.7-18.2]; 2017-March 2020: 18.1% [95% CI: 12.1-24.0]; p = 0.49). Model-based estimates of NTD rates suggest further improvements in the folate status of Hispanic WRA might prevent an additional 157 (95% Uncertainty Interval: 0, 288) NTDs/year. CONCLUSIONS: Voluntary fortification of CMF with folic acid has yet to have a significant impact on the folate status of WRA. Continued monitoring and further research into factors such as fortified product availability, community knowledge, and awareness of folic acid benefits would inform and improve future public health interventions.


Assuntos
Ácido Fólico , Defeitos do Tubo Neural , Feminino , Humanos , Inquéritos Nutricionais , Zea mays , Farinha , Alimentos Fortificados , Defeitos do Tubo Neural/prevenção & controle , Eritrócitos
4.
JAMA Netw Open ; 7(3): e241777, 2024 Mar 04.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38457177

RESUMO

Importance: India has a disproportionately high prevalence of neural tube defects, including spina bifida and anencephaly (SBA), causing a high number of stillbirths, elective pregnancy terminations, and child mortality; India contributes a large proportion of the global burden of SBA. Thirty years after folic acid was shown to be effective in reducing SBA prevalence, only about one-quarter of such births are prevented globally through cereal grain fortification. Objective: To determine the association of folic acid-fortified iodized salt with serum folate concentrations among nonpregnant and nonlactating women of reproductive age. Design, Setting, and Participants: This nonrandomized controlled trial using a preintervention and postintervention design was conducted in 4 rural villages in Southern India from July 1 to November 30, 2022. All households in the villages agreed to participate in the study. Preintervention and postintervention serum folate levels were analyzed among study participants at baseline and after 4 months, respectively. Intervention: Consumption of approximately 300 µg/d of folic acid using double fortified salt (folic acid plus iodine). Median serum folate concentrations were assessed at baseline and 4 months. Main Outcomes and Measures: Change in median serum folate levels between baseline and study end point as the primary outcome of the study. Results: A total of 83 nonpregnant nonlactating women aged 20 to 44 years (mean [SD] age, 30.9 [5.1] years) were eligible for the study and provided serum samples for analysis at baseline and the end point of the intervention. The median serum folate concentration increased from 14.6 (IQR, 11.2-20.6) nmol/L at baseline to 54.4 (IQR, 43.5-54.4) nmol/L at end of study, a 3.7-fold increase from baseline to study end point. Two-tailed Wilcoxon signed rank test showed the median difference in preintervention and postintervention serum folate concentrations to be highly significant (P < .001). The participants found the salt acceptable in color and taste. Conclusions and Relevance: Use of folic acid-fortified iodized salt was associated with increased serum folate concentrations in women of reproductive age. This novel evidence can inform public health policy to accelerate SBA prevention. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT06174883.


Assuntos
Iodo , Defeitos do Tubo Neural , Cloreto de Sódio na Dieta , Disrafismo Espinal , Gravidez , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Adulto , Ácido Fólico/uso terapêutico , Alimentos Fortificados
5.
Breastfeed Med ; 19(3): 223-227, 2024 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38489532

RESUMO

Background: Since human milk contents does not meet the high need of very low birth weight infants, fortification of breast milk is a standard practice for this population. As donkey milk has been long considered for children allergic to cow's milk proteins due to its low allergic properties, a new donkey milk-derived fortifier (DF) has been recently evaluated as a valid alternative to bovine milk-derived fortifier (BF). It seems to improve feeding tolerance when compared with standard BF, with similar neurodevelopmental and auxological outcome at 18 months of age. The aim of this study is to evaluate the development of allergic manifestations occurring in the population of the "Fortilat Trial" at 6-8 years of age. Methods: Allergic manifestations were assessed by an ad hoc questionnaire administered to families. The occurrence of asthma, allergic rhinitis and oculorhinitis, rashes and atopic dermatitis, food allergies, accesses to an emergency department for allergic reactions, and the need of antihistamine have been investigated. Results: In total, 113 infants were enrolled in the study (BF arm: n = 60, DF arm: n = 53). No difference in risk was observed between the two groups for all the considered outcomes. In conclusion, our data suggest that DF does not impact the development of allergic manifestations in the first years of life. Clinical Trial Registration number: ISRCT N70022881.


Assuntos
Hipersensibilidade Alimentar , Hipersensibilidade a Leite , Recém-Nascido , Lactente , Criança , Animais , Feminino , Bovinos , Humanos , Leite Humano , Equidae , Seguimentos , Aleitamento Materno , Alimentos Fortificados , Hipersensibilidade a Leite/epidemiologia
6.
Indian J Med Ethics ; IX(1): 26-30, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38375654

RESUMO

In response to the continuing high prevalence of anaemia recorded in the National Family Health Survey-5, the Indian government launched a policy for mandatory iron fortification of the rice provided through public nutrition programmes in India. This was done even though a rigorous evidence analysis had already concluded that rice fortification was not effective in preventing anaemia or iron deficiency at the population level. Fortification also poses a potential risk of iron toxicity over time, but there is no stated time period for the policy's implementation. The risk is particularly high in segments of the population who already have a high habitual iron intake, and who could be exposed to simultaneous fortification in different staples and food commodities along with the ongoing weekly Iron and Folic Acid tablets supplementation programme. Finally, this fortification policy also requires significant additional funding and resources to implement. It is crucial to examine such mandatory health actions, and to weigh the benefits and risks of harm, using the principles of public health ethics.


Assuntos
Anemia , Oryza , Humanos , Alimentos Fortificados , Anemia/epidemiologia , Ferro , Índia/epidemiologia
7.
J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol ; 239: 106494, 2024 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38412925

RESUMO

In terms of vitamin D food fortification, there are a number of important considerations in relation to selection of the food vehicle and fortificant. While there has been much research focus on the ability of fortified foods to improve vitamin D status, other considerations, such as sensory properties and acceptability, cost, and public attitudes around vitamin D-fortified foods, have received less attention. Thus, the present narrative review aimed to summarize the existing knowledge around these important considerations. In summary, its findings suggest that: i) vitamin D addition to various food vehicles, at levels consistent with the supply of part or all the recommended intake, does not alter their sensory characteristics or overall acceptability; ii) overall, vitamin D fortification of foods is relatively cost-effective, despite the fact that some attitudinal studies highlighted participant concerns about the potential cost/expense of vitamin D-fortified foods; iii) evidence from various attitudinal studies suggest a high level of acceptance and/or purchase intention (i.e., extent to which customers are willing and inclined to buy) of vitamin D-fortified food products by the general public; and iv) there have been repeated calls for vitamin D public health educational/information campaigns to help educate consumers about the health risks associated with vitamin D deficiency and nutritional benefits associated with consumption of vitamin D-fortified foods. Such campaigns could positively mediate attitudes and acceptance of vitamin D-fortified foods amongst the public, and could also help address misconceptions and allay fears around vitamin D for concerned individuals. Lastly, the findings of the present review also highlight the existence of between-country differences, even within Europe, in relation to attitudes and purchase intention of vitamin D-fortified foods and the perceived appropriateness of certain food vehicles for vitamin D fortification, as well as the best mix of communication channels for a vitamin D public health educational/information campaign.


Assuntos
Deficiência de Vitamina D , Vitamina D , Humanos , Vitaminas , Alimentos Fortificados , Deficiência de Vitamina D/prevenção & controle , Europa (Continente)
8.
Eur J Nutr ; 63(2): 599-611, 2024 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38212424

RESUMO

PURPOSE: Cow's milk is the primary source of iodine in the UK, but consumption of plant-based milk alternatives (PBMA) is increasing and these products are often not fortified with iodine. We evaluated the impact that replacing current milk consumption with PBMA would have on iodine intake. METHODS: We used data from the National Diet and Nutrition Survey (2016-2019) for children (1.5-10 years), girls 11-18 years, and women of reproductive age (WRA). We used a dietary modelling approach with scenarios using brand-level iodine-fortification data (0, 13, 22.5, 27.4 and 45 µg/100 mL). Relative to usual diet, we calculated change in iodine intake, and the proportion with intake below the Lower Reference Nutrient Intake (LRNI) or above the upper limit. RESULTS: For all groups, replacement with PBMA, either unfortified or fortified at the lowest concentration, resulted in a meaningful decrease in iodine intake, and increased the proportion with intake < LRNI; compared to usual diet, iodine intake reduced by 58% in children 1.5-3 years (127 vs. 53 µg/day) and the proportion with intake < LRNI increased in girls (11-18 years; 20% to 48%) and WRA (13% to 33%) if an unfortified PBMA was used. Replacement of milk with PBMA fortified at 27.4 µg/100 mL had the lowest impact. CONCLUSION: Replacing milk with commercially available PBMAs has potential to reduce population iodine intake, depending on the fortification level. PBMAs fortified with ≥ 22.5 and < 45 µg iodine/100 mL would be required to minimize the impact on iodine intake. Research is needed on the impact of total dairy replacement.


Assuntos
Iodo , Leite , Ácidos Polimetacrílicos , Criança , Animais , Bovinos , Humanos , Feminino , Dieta , Estado Nutricional , Alimentos Fortificados
9.
Food Funct ; 15(3): 1144-1157, 2024 Feb 05.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38235788

RESUMO

Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) caused by micronutrient iron deficiency has attracted global attention due to its adverse health effects. The regulation of iron uptake and metabolism is finely controlled by various transporters and hormones in the body. Dietary iron intake and regulation are essential in maintaining human health and iron requirements. The review aims to investigate literature concerning dietary iron intake and systemic regulation. Besides, recent IDA treatment and dietary iron supplementation are discussed. Considering the importance of the gut microbiome, the interaction between bacteria and micronutrient iron in the gut is also a focus of this review. The iron absorption efficiency varies considerably according to iron type and dietary factors. Iron fortification remains the cost-effective strategy, although challenges exist in developing suitable iron fortificants and food vehicles regarding bioavailability and acceptability. Iron deficiency may alter the microbiome structure and promote the growth of pathogenic bacteria in the gut, affecting immune balance and human health.


Assuntos
Anemia Ferropriva , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Deficiências de Ferro , Oligoelementos , Humanos , Anemia Ferropriva/tratamento farmacológico , Ferro da Dieta , Alimentos Fortificados , Ferro , Micronutrientes , Suplementos Nutricionais
10.
Drug Dev Ind Pharm ; 50(2): 89-101, 2024 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38175566

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: Vitamin D (a prohormone) is an important micronutrient required by the body for skeletal homeostasis and a range of non-skeletal actions. Calcitriol, the active form of vitamin D, regulates a variety of cellular and metabolic processes through both genomic and nongenomic pathways. Often prescribed for treating rickets and osteoporosis, vitamin D deficiency can exacerbate various other medical conditions. SIGNIFICANCE, METHODS, AND RESULTS: Despite its multifunctional uses, the sensitivity of vitamin D makes formulating an efficient drug delivery system a challenging task, which is further complicated by its poor aqueous solubility. Enhancing the oral absorption of vitamin D is vital in utilizing its full efficacy. Recent developments in encapsulation and nanotechnology have shown promising results in overcoming these constraints. CONCLUSION: This review thus offers an insight to adequately comprehend the mechanistic pharmacology of vitamin D, its pathophysiological role, and justification of its medical indications, along with the benefits of utilizing nanotechnology for vitamin D delivery.


Assuntos
Deficiência de Vitamina D , Vitamina D , Humanos , Vitamina D/metabolismo , Vitamina D/uso terapêutico , Alimentos Fortificados , Calcitriol/fisiologia , Calcitriol/uso terapêutico , Vitaminas , Deficiência de Vitamina D/tratamento farmacológico
11.
Adv Nutr ; 15(3): 100181, 2024 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38280724

RESUMO

Through diverse roles, zinc determines a greater number of critical life functions than any other single micronutrient. Beyond the well-recognized importance of zinc for child growth and resistance to infections, zinc has numerous specific roles covering the regulation of glucose metabolism, and growing evidence links zinc deficiency with increased risk of diabetes and cardiometabolic disorders. Zinc nutriture is, thus, vitally important to health across the life course. Zinc deficiency is also one of the most common forms of micronutrient malnutrition globally. A clearer estimate of the burden of health disparity attributable to zinc deficiency in adulthood and later life emerges when accounting for its contribution to global elevated fasting blood glucose and related noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). Yet progress attenuating its prevalence has been limited due, in part, to the lack of sensitive and specific methods to assess human zinc status. This narrative review covers recent developments in our understanding of zinc's role in health, the impact of the changing climate and global context on zinc intake, novel functional biomarkers showing promise for monitoring population-level interventions, and solutions for improving population zinc intake. It aims to spur on implementation of evidence-based interventions for preventing and controlling zinc deficiency across the life course. Increasing zinc intake and combating global zinc deficiency requires context-specific strategies and a combination of complementary, evidence-based interventions, including supplementation, food fortification, and food and agricultural solutions such as biofortification, alongside efforts to improve zinc bioavailability. Enhancing dietary zinc content and bioavailability through zinc biofortification is an inclusive nutrition solution that can benefit the most vulnerable individuals and populations affected by inadequate diets to the greatest extent.


Assuntos
Desnutrição , Oligoelementos , Criança , Humanos , Alimentos Fortificados , Estado Nutricional , Zinco , Micronutrientes
12.
BMC Pediatr ; 24(1): 61, 2024 Jan 19.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38243173

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Human milk fortifier (HMF) composition has been optimized recently. But clinical evidence of its safety and efficacy is limited in Chinese population. The aim of this study was to evaluate effects of a new HMF in growth, nutritional status, feeding intolerance, and major morbidities among very preterm (VPT) or very low birth weight (VLBW) infants in China. METHODS: VPT/VLBW infants admitted from March 2020 to April 2021 were prospectively included in the experimental (new HMF, nHMF) group, who received a new powdered HMF as a breast milk feeding supplement during hospitalization. Infants in the control group (cHMF) admitted from January 2018 to December 2019, were retrospective included, and matched with nHMF group infants for gestational age and birth weight. They received other kinds of commercially available HMFs. Weight gain velocity, concentrations of nutritional biomarkers, incidence of major morbidities, and measures of feeding intolerance were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: Demographic and clinical characteristics of infants in nHMF and cHMF groups were comparable. Weight gain velocity had no significant difference between the nHMF (14.0 ± 3.5 g/kg/d) and the cHMF group (14.2 ± 3.8 g/kg/d; P = 0.46). Incidence of morbidities, including necrotizing enterocolitis, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, retinopathy of prematurity, culture-confirmed sepsis, and feeding intolerance during hospitalization between nHMF and cHMF, were similar (all P-values > 0.05). The time to achieve full enteral feeding [13.5 (10, 21) days] in the nHMF group was significantly shorter than that in the cHMF group [17 (12, 23) days, HR = 0.67, 95%CI: 0.49, 0.92; P = 0.01]. Compared with cHMF group, the decrease of blood urea nitrogen level over time in nHMF group was smaller (ß = 0.6, 95%CI:0.1, 1.0; P = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The new HMF can promote growth of preterm infants effectively without increasing the incidence of major morbidity and feeding intolerance. It can be used feasible in Chinese VPT/VLBW infants. TRIAL REGISTRATION: This study was registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04283799).


Assuntos
Enterocolite Necrosante , Leite Humano , Lactente , Feminino , Recém-Nascido , Humanos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Lactente Extremamente Prematuro , Alimentos Fortificados , Recém-Nascido de muito Baixo Peso , Aumento de Peso , Enterocolite Necrosante/epidemiologia , Fórmulas Infantis
13.
Food Funct ; 15(2): 559-568, 2024 Jan 22.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38164661

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association of the dietary intake of food folate (natural folate) and synthetic folic acid intake from fortified foods with the risk of all-cause mortality and end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) among the chronic kidney disease (CKD) population in regions with folic acid fortification. METHODS: 4028 individuals with established CKD in Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort (CRIC) were included. Diet was assessed using a validated diet history questionnaire at the baseline, year 2, and year 4, and nutrient intake, including food folate and folic acid from fortified foods, was estimated using the National Nutrient Database. The outcomes were all-cause mortality and ESKD. The results for all-cause mortality were further validated using the data from National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES). RESULTS: During a median follow-up of 11.1 years, 1155 deaths and 938 ESKD cases occurred. Compared with the first quartile of food folate intake, the third (HR: 0.74; 95% CI: 0.62, 0.90) and fourth (HR: 0.79; 95% CI: 0.63, 0.98) quartiles had a lower risk of all-cause mortality. Nevertheless, there was no significant association of synthetic folic acid intake from fortified foods with all-cause mortality. Similar results were observed for ESKD. Consistently, in NHANES, food folate intake and serum 5-methyltetrahydrofolate, but not folic acid intake, were inversely associated with all-cause mortality, while serum unmetabolized folic acid was positively associated with all-cause mortality in CKD participants. CONCLUSIONS: Higher intake of dietary natural folate, but not synthetic folic acid intake from fortified foods, was associated with lower risks of all-cause mortality and ESKD among CKD participants.


Assuntos
Ácido Fólico , Insuficiência Renal Crônica , Humanos , Alimentos Fortificados , Inquéritos Nutricionais , Ingestão de Alimentos , Suplementos Nutricionais
14.
Nat Food ; 5(1): 19-27, 2024 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38168782

RESUMO

Biofortification was first proposed in the early 1990s as a low-cost, sustainable strategy to enhance the mineral and vitamin contents of staple food crops to address micronutrient malnutrition. Since then, the concept and remit of biofortification has burgeoned beyond staples and solutions for low- and middle-income economies. Here we discuss what biofortification has achieved in its original manifestation and the main factors limiting the ability of biofortified crops to improve micronutrient status. We highlight the case for biofortified crops with key micronutrients, such as provitamin D3/vitamin D3, vitamin B12 and iron, for recognition of new demographics of need. Finally, we examine where and how biofortification can be integrated into the global food system to help overcome hidden hunger, improve nutrition and achieve sustainable agriculture.


Assuntos
Desnutrição , Oligoelementos , Humanos , Biofortificação , Alimentos Fortificados , Desnutrição/prevenção & controle , Vitaminas , Micronutrientes
17.
Immunol Med ; 47(1): 30-36, 2024 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37387250

RESUMO

Metabolic syndromes including obesity and diabetes are the most common health issues due to insulin resistance, disturbance in glucose homeostasis, lack of exercise, and improper diet. The current study was planned to evaluate the potential effects of regular diet with fortified yogurt on blood glycemia and anthropometric responses. Plain yogurt was procured from the local market, and then it was fortified with calcium. Furthermore, the subsequent effect of fortified yogurt on blood glucose, insulin, and anthropometric measurements was assessed at different time intervals. A total of 40 healthy females and males aged about 20 years with a normal BMI range (20-24.9 kg/m2) were recruited within the Government College University Faisalabad. Participants filled out the habits Performa, stress factors questionnaire, and activity questionnaire. Blood glucose (BG) and visual analogous scale (VAS) performs were also taken in the fasting stage and then assigned treatment was given. After 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, and 120 min intervals VAS and BG estimation was carried out. The results shows that fortified yogurt contained a higher amount of calcium. Likewise, a similar trend was observed for the desire to eat, a feeling of fullness, palatability, physical comfort, and overall acceptability. The results obtained from various analyses were statistically evaluated.


Assuntos
Glicemia , Iogurte , Masculino , Feminino , Humanos , Glicemia/metabolismo , Alimentos Fortificados , Cálcio da Dieta , Biomarcadores
18.
Appetite ; 193: 107139, 2024 02 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38043697

RESUMO

Consuming 'nutritionally-enhanced' food products (including those that are fortified or enriched to deliver nutritional and functional properties) may help to improve overall diet quality and combat risks associated with malnutrition. However, fortification can negatively impact consumer acceptance, particularly where expected sensory properties of 'delivery' foods are affected by target ingredients. Here, we explored factors influencing consumer acceptability for six novel food products that had been fortified, including both savoury and sweet meal components (e.g., high protein dumplings, probiotic yoghurt drink). In person focus groups (25 consumers aged between 22 and 76 years old) were conducted with two stages; firstly, participants completed a blind taste test of products without awareness of fortification. Secondly, participants discussed products with awareness of additional ingredients and food properties. Reflexive thematic analysis showed that liking of sensory properties differed between foods, but informing participants about the fortification of products highlighted potential trade-offs between taste, health, price, and familiarity. Though taste and texture were generally prioritised by participants, positive perceptions of health benefits increased consumer willingness to buy, whilst both cost and uncertainty about product use were potential barriers. Trust of information was a key concern for labelling and product claims. These results highlight product features that may be optimised to support the success of fortified foods. Greater transparency when building product brands and improving consumer knowledge of fortification may also be important for longer-term consumer acceptance.


Assuntos
Comportamento do Consumidor , Alimentos Fortificados , Adulto , Humanos , Adulto Jovem , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Grupos Focais , Dieta , Paladar , Reino Unido
19.
Matern Child Nutr ; 20(1): e13575, 2024 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37950427

RESUMO

Iron deficiency (ID) and ID with anaemia (IDA) are serious global health problems that disproportionately affect women aged 15-49 years. Although food fortification is one of the most effective and sustainable ways to combat nutritional deficiencies, iron remains one of the most difficult micronutrients to fortify, given its tendency to react strongly with food constituents. Therefore, it is important to assess the sensory properties of foods fortified with iron to determine the acceptability and palatability in target populations. We aimed to determine the palatability and acceptability of a novel iron and zinc-enriched powder fortified in tap water by conducting sensory evaluations in 35 women of reproductive age using a 9-point hedonic scale, where participants rated the sensory properties of six samples containing different amounts of the active or placebo powder. We found significant differences between samples reconstituted at 1, 2, and 3 g/L for sensory properties, including overall taste. Participants were found to be more willing to drink the mineral-enriched powder when prepared at the lowest concentration (1 g/L) compared to higher concentrations. Our results provide important insight into the sensory qualities of a novel formulation of an iron and zinc-enriched powder for at-home fortification and indicate consumer acceptability in reproductive-aged women, a key group at risk for ID/IDA. If found to improve iron status, novel treatments like this product will contribute to global efforts to develop safe, acceptable and sustainable interventions for ID and IDA.


Assuntos
Anemia Ferropriva , Deficiências de Ferro , Humanos , Feminino , Adulto , Ferro/uso terapêutico , Pós , Zinco/uso terapêutico , Alimentos Fortificados , Micronutrientes , Anemia Ferropriva/tratamento farmacológico , Anemia Ferropriva/prevenção & controle
20.
Arch Dis Child ; 109(2): 106-112, 2024 01 22.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37875332

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: To determine the baseline trends in the total birth prevalence of neural tube defects (NTDs) in England (2000-2019) to enable the impact of folic acid fortification of non-wholemeal wheat flour to be monitored. DESIGN: Population-based, observational study using congenital anomaly (CA) registration data for England curated by the National Congenital Anomaly and Rare Disease Registration Service (NCARDRS). SETTING: Regions of England with active registration in the time period. PARTICIPANTS: Babies that were liveborn or stillborn and pregnancies that resulted in a termination of pregnancy or a late miscarriage (20-23 weeks' gestation) with an NTD. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Total birth prevalence of anencephaly, spina bifida and all NTDs in England. Poisson regression analysis was used to evaluate time trends with regional register as a random effect. The progress of national registration across England was assessed. RESULTS: There were 4541 NTD pregnancies out of 3 637 842 births in England; 1982 anencephaly and 2127 spina bifida. NTD prevalence was 12.5 (95% CI 12.1 to 12.9) per 10 000 total births. NTD prevalence per 10 000 total births was significantly higher in 2015-2019 (13.6, 95% CI 12.9 to 14.4) compared with 2010-2014 (12.1, 95% CI 11.7 to 12.5). An increasing trend in NTDs overall was detected (incidence rate ratio (IRR) 1.01, 1.00 to 1.02), although further analysis determined this effect was confined to 2015-2019 (compared against 2000-2004, IRR 1.14, 1.04 to 1.24). The birth prevalence of anencephaly reflected this pattern. The prevalence of spina bifida remained relatively stable over time. CONCLUSIONS: Baseline NTD prevalence for England has been established. National and standardised CA registration is in place, facilitating the systematic and consistent monitoring of pre-fortification and post-fortification NTD trends and evaluating the impact of fortification on NTD prevalence.


Assuntos
Anencefalia , Defeitos do Tubo Neural , Disrafismo Espinal , Gravidez , Feminino , Humanos , Ácido Fólico , Farinha , Prevalência , Anencefalia/epidemiologia , Anencefalia/prevenção & controle , Estudos de Coortes , Triticum , Alimentos Fortificados , Defeitos do Tubo Neural/epidemiologia , Defeitos do Tubo Neural/prevenção & controle , Disrafismo Espinal/epidemiologia , Disrafismo Espinal/prevenção & controle
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