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1.
Sci Rep ; 14(1): 5140, 2024 03 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38429357

RESUMO

Accomplishing motor function requires multimodal information, such as visual and haptic feedback, which induces a sense of ownership (SoO) over one's own body part. In this study, we developed a visual-haptic human machine interface that combines three different types of feedback (visual, haptic, and kinesthetic) in the context of passive hand-grasping motion and aimed to generate SoO over a virtual hand. We tested two conditions, both conditions the three set of feedback were synchronous, the first condition was in-phase, and the second condition was in antiphase. In both conditions, we utilized passive visual feedback (pre-recorded video of a real hand displayed), haptic feedback (balloon inflated and deflated), and kinesthetic feedback (finger movement following the balloon curvature). To quantify the SoO, the participants' reaction time was measured in response to a sense of threat. We found that most participants had a shorter reaction time under anti-phase condition, indicating that synchronous anti-phase of the multimodal system was better than in-phase condition for inducing a SoO of the virtual hand. We conclude that stronger haptic feedback has a key role in the SoO in accordance with visual information. Because the virtual hand is closing and the high pressure from the balloon against the hand creates the sensation of grasping and closing the hand, it appeared as though the person was closing his/her hand at the perceptual level.


Assuntos
Tecnologia Háptica , Propriedade , Humanos , Feminino , Masculino , Retroalimentação , Mãos , Extremidade Superior
2.
PLoS One ; 19(3): e0299184, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38478565

RESUMO

Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) is closely related to the "dual carbon" objective and the concept of sustainable development. The impact of ESG performance on audit efficiency, especially on audit delays, is still an issue to be studied in depth. Drawing on stakeholder theory, sustainable development theory, shared value concept and corporate social responsibility theory, this study adopts regression analysis and structural equation modeling (SEM) to investigate the impact of ESG on audit efficiency based on the data of A-share listed companies in the period of 2015-2022, with a focus on audit delay. The results of regression analysis show that ESG performance has a significant effect on reducing audit delay, and audit delay is reduced by 0.007 on average for each unit increase in ESG performance. In structural equation modeling, the effect of ESG performance on audit delay is more significant, with an estimated value of -0.555 and a standard error of 0.097. In addition, the study shows that the corporate ESG performance on audit efficiency has a positive impact is more pronounced among firms with stronger ESG practices, especially among non-state-owned firms with lower institutional investor ownership and firms audited by "Big Four" firms. These results not only demonstrate the importance of ESG performance in improving audit efficiency, but also provide important guidance for corporate management and policy making. This study enriches the existing literature on corporate ESG performance and audit efficiency and provides new perspectives and directions for future research.


Assuntos
Carbono , Instalações de Saúde , Análise de Classes Latentes , Organizações , Propriedade
3.
Health Aff (Millwood) ; 43(3): 318-326, 2024 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38437601

RESUMO

Nursing home ownership has become increasingly complicated, partly because of the growth of facilities owned by institutional investors such as private equity (PE) firms and real estate investment trusts (REITs). Although the ownership transparency and accountability of nursing homes have historically been poor, the Biden administration's nursing home reform plans released in 2022 included a series of data releases on ownership. However, our evaluation of the newly released data identified several gaps: One-third of PE and fewer than one-fifth of REIT investments identified in the proprietary Irving Levin Associates and S&P Capital IQ investment data were present in Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) publicly available ownership data. Similarly, we obtained different results when searching for the ten top common owners of nursing homes using CMS data and facility survey reports of chain ownership. Finally, ownership percentages were missing in the CMS data for 82.40 percent of owners in the top ten chains and 55.21 percent of owners across all US facilities. Although the new data represent an important step forward, we highlight additional steps to ensure that the data are timely, accurate, and responsive. Transparent ownership data are fundamental to understanding the adequacy of public payments to provide patient care, enable policy makers to make timely decisions, and evaluate nursing home quality.


Assuntos
Medicare , Propriedade , Idoso , Estados Unidos , Humanos , Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, U.S. , Casas de Saúde , Instituições de Cuidados Especializados de Enfermagem
4.
PLoS One ; 19(3): e0298913, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38457448

RESUMO

Foreign Direct Investment is theoretically expected to facilitate the transfer of knowledge from the home country to the host country, however, the empirical evidence on the subject is mixed. Some studies have shown that, on one hand, as competition grows, the incentive to innovate reduces with the decrease in monopoly rents (Schumpeterian effect). On the other hand, market competition can also boost investments in R&D activities incentivized by incremental profits (Escape-Competition effect). Therefore, this study aims to explore which of these two effects dominates in the selected group of countries. This study also identifies the moderators of the relationship between FDI stock and domestic innovation. It examines the role of absorptive capacity, quality of regulations, and property rights protection in the innovative activities of the host countries. Generalized Method of Moments is used to estimate the parameters of the multivariate regression equation. The analysis is based on panel data consisting of 49 countries over 14 years. The results show that FDI has a negative relationship with domestic innovation, indicating the presence of the Schumpeterian effect. The extensions of the main models show that FDI positively affects domestic innovation in countries with higher absorptive capacity, the superior quality of regulation, and stronger protection of property rights. This study shows that the positive relationship between FDI and domestic innovation is conditional on the ability to absorb knowledge and quality of governance in the recipient countries.


Assuntos
Desenvolvimento Econômico , Propriedade , Investimentos em Saúde , Internacionalidade , Dióxido de Carbono
5.
Sci Rep ; 14(1): 5577, 2024 03 06.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38448628

RESUMO

This cross-sectional study tested the direct and stress-buffering effects of co-sleeping with pets on human sleep characteristics in a nationally-representative sample of United States adults. Participants completed questionnaires assessing their sleep characteristics, including perceived sleep quality, perceived sleep efficiency, insomnia severity, and multidimensional sleep health. We evaluated whether co-sleeping with pets was associated with sleep characteristics and whether co-sleeping with pets moderated the association of stress and sleep characteristics. Exploratory analyses examined whether sleep characteristics were impacted by number of pets, pet type, and bondedness to pets. Our final sample of 1591 participants (Mage = 46.4 years, SD = 17.5; 56% female; 76% White) included 758 participants who reported co-sleeping with pets (47.6%). Co-sleeping with pets was associated with poorer sleep characteristics-specifically, poorer perceived sleep quality and greater insomnia severity. Although higher levels of stress were associated with poorer sleep, we did not observe evidence for a stress-buffering effect of co-sleeping with pets. Exploratory analyses indicated that the negative impact of co-sleeping with pets on human sleep was associated with dog ownership but not cat ownership, more pronounced when individuals own a greater number of pets, and not impacted by bondedness to pets. Our findings contribute to emerging evidence for the impact of co-sleeping with pets on human sleep. Study was pre-registered at: https://aspredicted.org/3VN_WF6 .


Assuntos
Distúrbios do Início e da Manutenção do Sono , Adulto , Humanos , Feminino , Animais , Cães , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Masculino , Distúrbios do Início e da Manutenção do Sono/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Sono , Qualidade do Sono , Propriedade
6.
Vet Rec ; 194(6): 219, 2024 Mar 16.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38488579
7.
PLoS One ; 19(3): e0299315, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38507341

RESUMO

Modern veterinary medicine offers a level of care to cats and dogs similar to that available to their owners, including blood transfusions, chemotherapy and MRI scans. The potential benefits to the animals of owners who can afford such care are obvious, but there can also be negative consequences if owners with strong emotional attachments to their pets pursue treatments that significantly reduce the quality of the animal's life while attempting to prolong it. Moreover, caring for a chronically or seriously ill animal can lead to emotional distress and financial and practical challenges for the pet owner. A questionnaire was used to survey cat and dog owners from representative samples of citizens in the UK, Austria and Denmark, to investigate owners' expectations and attitudes towards advanced veterinary care, and the factors that might influence those views. Overall, 58.4% of the pet owners surveyed believed that their pets should have access to the same treatment options as humans, while 51.5% believed that they should have access to the same diagnostic tests as humans. Owners were most likely to be neutral on the question of whether advanced veterinary care has 'gone too far' (45.3%), and to disagree with the statement that advanced care is 'unnecessary' (40.1%). In all three countries, the level of attachment owners had to their pets was most strongly associated with attitudes towards advanced care, with owners scoring higher on Lexington Attachment to Pets Scale (LAPS) being more likely to expect advanced care to be available. Other factors such as owner age, living situation (alone or not), income or possession of pet insurance were less consistently with owner attitudes. Our findings will help inform veterinarians and other health care providers about pet owner expectations and attitudes towards advanced veterinary care, and contribute to the debate on increasing specialisation within the profession.


Assuntos
Doenças do Cão , Motivação , Humanos , Animais , Cães , Gatos , Áustria , Atitude , Inquéritos e Questionários , Propriedade , Reino Unido , Dinamarca , Animais de Estimação/psicologia
8.
PLoS One ; 19(2): e0291309, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38324592

RESUMO

This study investigates the impact of board governance mechanism on investment efficiency (IE) in PSX-listed firms. The study also examines the role of institutional ownership (IO) in board-IE relationships. In addition, we extend our analysis to re-examine this relationship by splitting the sample into two groups, i.e., the introductory phase of corporate governance (CG) i.e., 2004 to 2013, and revised codes of CG (2014 to 2018) to examine the impact of these separately on IE. The sample data comprises 155 non-financial PSX-listed firms from 2004 to 2018. IE is measured using firms' growth opportunities. The random effect model is used to test the study's hypotheses. A robustness test is also performed to validate the study's findings. The paired-sample t-test results show a significant improvement in IE after revising the CG codes in 2012. According to the regression results, board size has a significant direct, whereas board diversity has a significant inverse effect on IE. Regarding moderating effect, IO was found to moderate the relationship between board independence and IE significantly. Furthermore, it was discovered that following the issuance of revised CG codes-2012, the level of board independence and diversity increased in PSX-listed firms; however, only diversity positively impacted IE, and board independence had no impact on IE from 2014 to 2018. Despite the issuance of revised CG codes-2012, the level of CG among PSX-listed firms is low, which is a source of concern for regulators such as the Securities and Exchange Commission of Pakistan.


Assuntos
Instalações de Saúde , Propriedade , Investimentos em Saúde , Paquistão
9.
Pediatrics ; 153(3)2024 Mar 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38298059

RESUMO

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Childhood exposure to domestic violence is common, but the overlap between threats and violence against children and weapon/firearm use has not been well studied. The objectives of this study were to: assess differences in respondent firearm access and the use of weapons in granted domestic violence protection orders (DVPOs) with and without minors (individuals <18 years of age); and characterize the frequency and characteristics of threats and acts of violence against minors. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study of a random sample of granted DVPOs from 2014-2020 in King County, Washington. We examined the use of threats, violence, and weapons by restrained individuals (ie, respondents) by reviewing and abstracting information from DVPO case files. RESULTS: Respondent weapon use and firearm possession were more common among DVPOs including minors than DVPOs not including minors (weapon use: 38.2% and 33.0%; firearm possession: 23.1% and 19.1%, respectively). Almost 2 in 3 DVPOs including minors (1338 of 2029) involved threats or violence directed at a minor perpetrated by the DVPO respondent. About 1 in 3 (32.5%) DVPOs documented explicit threats, and 1 in 2 (48.9%) documented violence. Over two-thirds (680 of 993, 68.5%) of acts of violence directed at minors included a weapon. CONCLUSIONS: We found higher lethality risk (weapon use and respondent firearm access/ownership) among DVPOs including minors. Many minors experienced threats and acts of violence involving weapons and firearms by DVPO respondents. Evidence-based safety planning strategies and training of judicial officers are needed.


Assuntos
Violência Doméstica , Armas de Fogo , Criança , Humanos , Estudos Transversais , Violência Doméstica/prevenção & controle , Propriedade , Registros
10.
BMC Public Health ; 24(1): 613, 2024 Feb 26.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38408956

RESUMO

Women face multiple socio-economic, cultural, contextual, and perceived barriers in health service utilization. Moreover, poor autonomy and financial constraints act as crucial factors to their healthcare accessibility. Therefore, the objective of the present study is to study the association between health care utilization barriers and women empowerment, including asset ownership among currently married women in Afghanistan. Data of 28,661 currently married women from Afghanistan demographic health survey (2015) was used to carry out this study. Barriers to access healthcare were computed based on problems related to permission, money, distance, and companionship, whereas women empowerment and asset ownership were computed as potential covariates along with other socio-economic risk factors. Bivariate and logistic analysis was carried out to study the association and odds of explanatory variables. Our results confirm the significant and strong association between the barriers to access healthcare and various explanatory variables. Women having any decision-making autonomy are less likely to face any odds [(AOR = 0.56, p < 0.001), CI: 0.51-0.61] among the currently married women than those who don't have any decision-making authority. Similarly, women who justify their beating for some specific reasons face the greater difficulty of accessing health care [(AOR = 1.76, p < 0.001), CI: 1.61-1.93]. In terms of asset ownership, women having any asset ownership (land or household) are less likely to face any barriers in health services utilization given the lower odds [(AOR = 0.91, p < 0.001), CI: 0.90-0.98]. Accessing maternal health is a crucial policy challenge in Afghanistan. A substantial proportion of women face barriers related to approval, money, distance, and companionship while accessing the health services utilization in Afghanistan. Similarly, women empowerment and asset ownership are significantly associated with health service accessibility. This paper therefore suggests for some policy interventions to strengthen the healthcare needs of women and ensure healthcare accessibility by scaling down these potential barriers like poor autonomy, asset ownership and domestic violence.


Assuntos
Acesso aos Serviços de Saúde , Propriedade , Feminino , Humanos , Afeganistão , Aceitação pelo Paciente de Cuidados de Saúde , Inquéritos Epidemiológicos
11.
Prev Vet Med ; 225: 106140, 2024 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38350165

RESUMO

The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of pet ownership and the relationship between pet ownership and people's socioeconomic positions examined at the individual, household, and regional levels among a large representative sample of residents in China. A cross-sectional study was conducted among six cities in China, incorporating a total of 5782 male residents along with their families in the analysis. The multilevel logistic regression models were employed to determine associations between socioeconomic deprivation and pet ownership prevalence. Pet-keeping is common in China as about 21.6% (95% C.I. 18.4%-24.0%) of households in China owned pets. Male participants aged over 55 years (OR: 0.78, 95%C.I.0.66-0.98) and those who are married (OR: 0.79, 95%C.I. 0.65-0.97) exhibit a reduced likelihood of pet ownership when contrasted with individuals younger than 25 years and those who have never married. Participants originating from medium or large urban centers demonstrate a significantly elevated likelihood of pet ownership, with an odds ratio of 1.98 (95%C.I. 1.71-2.30), when compared to their rural counterparts. Households residing in areas with medium population density have a 1.73 (95%C.I. 1.21-2.19) times higher likelihood to own a pet compared to those in regions of low population density. Elevated levels of socioeconomic deprivation, both at home and regionally, are associated with a substantially reduced probability of pet ownership. This study provides concrete evidence to the prevalence of pet ownership and its demographic distribution in China. These findings suggest that keeping pets might be more available to people with higher socioeconomic status.


Assuntos
Propriedade , Animais de Estimação , Masculino , Animais , Cidades , Estudos Transversais , China/epidemiologia , Características da Família
12.
Prev Vet Med ; 225: 106141, 2024 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38359471

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Irresponsible dog ownership in urban areas is a public health concern with significant implications for human, animal, and environmental welfare. Factors such as abandonment, variations in adoption, insufficient supervision, emerging identification initiatives, and collective feeding impact the growth of stray dog populations and the transmission of diseases. Developing a modeling tool to understand the dynamics of canine population growth and the effect of human behavior on this phenomenon is essential. METHODS: An ordinary differential equation model was developed to depict the growth dynamics and movements of urban dog populations, distinguishing between those with owners (restricted and semi-restricted) and those without (stray and community dogs). Two equilibrium states of the system were analyzed: with and without the presence of individually owned dogs. An increase rate for the population of individually owned dogs was calculated, and a local sensitivity analysis was conducted to assess the impact of parameters on the reduction of this population. Additionally, two global sensitivity analysis methods were used to evaluate the simultaneous influence of the parameters. RESULTS: Findings indicate that system equilibrium depends on various dog categories. Although total eradication of stray and community dogs is unlikely, equilibrium levels are directly related to subpopulation growth rates, responsible ownership practices, and adoption and abandonment rates. The growth rates of the population of dogs without individual owners have a direct and proportional influence on their regulation, while adoption rates have an inverse and proportional effect. The study, through global sensitivity analysis, identifies key parameters for each dog subpopulation. For restricted dogs, environmental carrying capacity is the most variable factor; for semi-restricted dogs, awareness of responsible ownership is crucial. The abandonment of restricted dogs significantly impacts stray dog dynamics, while the transition from stray to community status is an important variable factor for community dogs. CONCLUSION: Addressing the situation of unowned dogs requires a collective effort to reduce risks associated with the spread of zoonotic diseases, environmental pollution, and biodiversity loss, thus contributing to public health and environmental conservation.


Assuntos
Doenças do Cão , Modelos Teóricos , Animais , Cães , Humanos , Chile , Dinâmica Populacional , População Urbana , Propriedade , Doenças do Cão/epidemiologia
13.
J Psychiatr Res ; 171: 340-345, 2024 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38350311

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Household firearm availability is a risk factor for firearm suicide when a household member at-risk for suicide. Firearm ownership for protection and perceptions of community violence may reduce the likelihood of limiting access to firearms as a way to prevent suicide. The association between a firearm suicide risk belief and the intention to reduce firearm access as a means of preventing suicide, with fear of community violence and firearm ownership for protection as moderators, was examined. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The analytic sample consisted of 388 Missouri firearm owners from a cross-sectional, statewide survey of Missouri adults. Logistic regression models were estimated. RESULTS: Among Missouri firearm owners, firearm suicide risk belief was positively associated with the intention of reducing firearm access for firearm owners who were not afraid of community violence and owned a firearm for non-protection reasons (e.g., hunting). DISCUSSION: Findings suggest that firearm suicide prevention efforts must be tailored to address the underlying beliefs about their violence risk among firearm owners who indicate they principally own for protection.


Assuntos
Armas de Fogo , Suicídio , Adulto , Humanos , Propriedade , Estudos Transversais , Violência , Medo
14.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38335076

RESUMO

Visual guided motor imagery (MI) is commonly used in stroke rehabilitation, eliciting event-related desynchronization (ERD) in EEG. Previous studies found that immersion level and visuo-tactile stimulation could modulate ERD during visual guided MI, and both of two factors could also improve sense of ownership (SOO) over target limb (or body). Additionally, the relationship was also reported between the performance of MI and SOO. This study aims to investigate whether immersion and visuo-tactile stimulation affect visual guided MI through the SOO over virtual body in stroke patients. Nineteen stroke patients were recruited. The experiment included two phases (i.e., SOO induction and visual guided MI with SOO) that was manipulated across four conditions in a within-subject design: 2×2 , i.e., immersion (VR, 2D monitor display) × multisensory stimulation (visuo-tactile stimulation, observation without tactile stimulation). Results found peaks ERD amplitude during MI were significantly higher in stronger SOO conditions than weaker SOO conditions. Interestingly, the ERD during visual guided MI under the condition of vision only in VR and visuo-tactile stimulation in 2D monitor are similar, which indicates that SOO may be an important factor behind this phenomenon (due to the similar SOO between these two conditions). A moderate correlation was also found between SOO scores and peaks ERD amplitude during MI. This study discussed the possible factor underlying the effects of immersion and multisensory stimulation on visual guided MI in post-stroke patients, identifying the effect of SOO in this process, and could be referred in future studies for coming up with better MI paradigms for stroke rehabilitation.


Assuntos
Reabilitação do Acidente Vascular Cerebral , Acidente Vascular Cerebral , Humanos , Imersão , Propriedade , Tato , Eletroencefalografia/métodos
15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38349835

RESUMO

Virtual reality (VR)-based rehabilitation training holds great potential for post-stroke motor recovery. Existing VR-based motor imagery (MI) paradigms mostly focus on the first-person perspective, and the benefit of the third-person perspective (3PP) remains to be further exploited. The 3PP is advantageous for movements involving the back or those with a large range because of its field coverage. Some movements are easier to imagine from the 3PP. However, the 3PP training efficiency may be unsatisfactory, which may be attributed to the difficulty encountered when generating a strong sense of ownership (SOO). In this work, we attempt to enhance a visual-guided 3PP MI in stroke patients by eliciting the SOO over a virtual avatar with VR. We propose to achieve this by inducing the so-called out-of-body experience (OBE), which is a full-body illusion (FBI) that people misperceive a 3PP virtual body as his/her own (i.e., generating the SOO to the virtual body). Electroencephalography signals of 13 stroke patients are recorded while MI of the affected upper limb is being performed. The proposed paradigm is evaluated by comparing event-related desynchronization (ERD) with a control paradigm without FBI induction. The results show that the proposed paradigm leads to a significantly larger ERD during MI, indicating a bilateral activation pattern consistent with that in previous studies. In conclusion, 3PP MI can be enhanced in stroke patients by eliciting the SOO through induction of the "OBE" FBI. This study offers more possibilities for virtual rehabilitation in stroke patients and can further facilitate VR application in rehabilitation.


Assuntos
Reabilitação do Acidente Vascular Cerebral , Acidente Vascular Cerebral , Realidade Virtual , Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Propriedade , Eletroencefalografia , Extremidade Superior
16.
J Couns Psychol ; 71(2): 126-137, 2024 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38300563

RESUMO

Testing an adapted psychology of working theory (PWT) model (PWT; Duffy et al., 2016), this study examined how and when contextual constraints affect the ability of Chinese rural migrant workers () to attain decent work. Surveying a sample of 510 employed Chinese rural migrants at two time points, this study revealed that economic constraints and daily discrimination were indirectly related to attaining decent work through the mediating factors of work volition and psychological ownership over work. In addition, proactive personality moderated the relationships between daily discrimination and economic constraints and the two mediators. The results contribute to better understanding Chinese rural migrant workers' work experience, refining the PWT and enriching the literature on the underlying mechanisms and moderating factors associated with decent work attainment. The research results call for policy and social change to lessen economic constraints and discrimination at the macro level and organizational commitment to employee-oriented human resource management and counseling interventions to improve the quality of the work lives of rural migrant workers. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).


Assuntos
Migrantes , Humanos , Propriedade , Personalidade , Transtornos da Personalidade , China
17.
Cognition ; 246: 105697, 2024 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38364444

RESUMO

What is the relationship between experiencing individual body parts and the whole body as one's own? We theorised that body part ownership is driven primarily by the perceptual binding of visual and somatosensory signals from specific body parts, whereas full-body ownership depends on a more global binding process based on multisensory information from several body segments. To examine this hypothesis, we used a bodily illusion and asked participants to rate illusory changes in ownership over five different parts of a mannequin's body and the mannequin as a whole, while we manipulated the synchrony or asynchrony of visual and tactile stimuli delivered to three different body parts. We found that body part ownership was driven primarily by local visuotactile synchrony and could be experienced relatively independently of full-body ownership. Full-body ownership depended on the number of synchronously stimulated parts in a nonlinear manner, with the strongest full-body ownership illusion occurring when all parts received synchronous stimulation. Additionally, full-body ownership influenced body part ownership for nonstimulated body parts, and skin conductance responses provided physiological evidence supporting an interaction between body part and full-body ownership. We conclude that body part and full-body ownership correspond to different processes and propose a hierarchical probabilistic model to explain the relationship between part and whole in the context of multisensory awareness of one's own body.


Assuntos
Ilusões , Percepção do Tato , Humanos , Percepção Visual/fisiologia , Imagem Corporal , Ilusões/fisiologia , Corpo Humano , Propriedade , Percepção do Tato/fisiologia , Mãos/fisiologia , Propriocepção/fisiologia
18.
Health Policy ; 142: 105028, 2024 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38387240

RESUMO

Traditionally, in many countries general practices have been privately-owned independent small businesses. However, the last three decades has seen the rise of large corporate medical groups defined as private companies which are able to have non-GP shareholders and with branches across many locations. The greater prominence of profit motives may have implications for costs, access to care and quality of care. We estimate that 45% of GPs in Australia worked in a practice that was a private company, and within this group over one third (19.9% of total) worked in a corporate medical group (a private company with 10 or more practice locations). We examine the association between being in a corporate medical group and 19 outcomes classified into five groups: GP wellbeing, workload, patient access, organizational efficiency, and service quality. GPs who worked in such groups were more likely to be older, qualified overseas, and to have a conscientious personality. There was mixed evidence on GPs wellbeing, with GPs in corporate medical groups reporting a higher turnover of GPs but similar levels of job satisfaction. GP workload was similar in terms of hours worked and after hours work but they reported a lower work-life balance. Patient access was better in terms of lower fees charged to patients but there was weak evidence that patients waited longer. GPs in corporate medical groups reported higher organisational efficiency because GPs spent less time spent on administration and management, had more nurses per GP, but despite this GPs were more likely to undertake tasks someone less qualified could do suggesting that nurses were complements not substitutes. There were no differences in service quality (teaching, patient complaints, consultation length, patients seen per hour). Corporate medical groups have become a substantial part of primary care provision in Australia. There is evidence they are more efficient, patient access is better with lower out of pocket costs and there are no differences in our measures service quality, but concerns remain about GP's wellbeing and work-life balance. Further research is needed on continuity of care and patient reported experiences and health outcomes.


Assuntos
Eficiência Organizacional , Clínicos Gerais , Humanos , Carga de Trabalho , Propriedade , Atenção Primária à Saúde
19.
Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act ; 21(1): 7, 2024 Jan 30.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38287372

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Regular physical activity is important for children's physical and mental health, yet many children do not achieve recommended amounts of physical activity. Dog ownership has been associated with increased physical activity in children, however, there have been no longitudinal studies examining this relationship. This study used data from the Play Spaces and Environments for Children's Physical Activity (PLAYCE) cohort study to examine the longitudinal effects of dog ownership status on children's movement behaviours. METHODS: Change in dog ownership from preschool (wave 1, age 2-5) to fulltime school (wave 2, age 5-7) was used as a natural experiment with four distinct dog ownership groups: continuing non-dog owners (n = 307), continuing dog owners (n = 204), dog acquired (n = 58), and dog loss (n = 31; total n = 600). Daily movement behaviours, including physical activity, sedentary time, sleep, and screen time, were measured using accelerometry and parent-report surveys. Differences between groups over time and by sex were tested using linear mixed effects regression models. RESULTS: Girls who acquired a dog increased their light intensity activities and games by 52.0 min/day (95%CI 7.9, 96.0) and girls who lost a dog decreased their light intensity activities and games by 62.1 min/day (95%CI -119.3, -4.9) compared to no change among non-dog owners. Girls and boys who acquired a dog increased their unstructured physical activity by 6.8 (95%CI 3.2, 10.3) and 7.1 (95%CI 3.9, 10.3) occasions/week, compared to no changes among non-dog owners. Girls and boys who lost a dog reduced their unstructured physical activity by 10.2 (95%CI -15.0, -5.3) and 7.7 (95%CI -12.0, -3.5) occasions/week. Girls who lost a dog decreased their total physical activity by 46.3 min/day (95%CI -107.5, 14.8) compared to no change among non-dog owners. Continuing dog ownership was typically not associated with movement behaviours. Dog ownership group was not associated with changes in sleep and had mixed associations with screen time. CONCLUSION: The positive influence of dog ownership on children's physical activity begins in early childhood and differs by child sex. Further research should examine the specific contributions dog-facilitated physical activity makes to children's overall physical activity, including the intensity and duration of dog walking and play.


Assuntos
Propriedade , Caminhada , Masculino , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Pré-Escolar , Cães , Animais , Estudos de Coortes , Estudos Longitudinais , Inquéritos e Questionários
20.
J Am Acad Orthop Surg ; 32(5): e204-e213, 2024 Mar 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38166002

RESUMO

Practice management within orthopaedic surgery demands a multifaceted skillset including clinical expertise, technical proficiency, and business acumen, yet the latter is rarely taught during orthopaedic training. As the healthcare system evolves in the United States, surgeons continue to face challenges such as decreasing reimbursements, increased regulatory burdens, and potential for practice acquisition. To remain competitive and provide exceptional care for patients, orthopaedic surgeons must cultivate a business-minded approach. This article highlights the growing significance of the business of orthopaedics and offers guidance on ambulatory surgical center ownership models, effective management of ancillary services, the effect of private equity in orthopaedic practice, real estate investment opportunities in medical office buildings, and the importance of brand recognition. By understanding these concepts, orthopaedic surgeons can exercise greater control over their practice's finances while providing quality care for their patients.


Assuntos
Procedimentos Ortopédicos , Ortopedia , Humanos , Estados Unidos , Comércio , Propriedade , Qualidade da Assistência à Saúde
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