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1.
Environ Monit Assess ; 196(4): 362, 2024 Mar 13.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38472525

RESUMO

The effects of addition of adsorbent mixture at two different stages in aquaculture system were investigated for the first time in this study. In the first stage, in order to determine the effects of natural adsorbents in an environment without feed, a trial consisting of four treatment groups with three replications was conducted. In this trial, individual and combined effects of two natural adsorbents on water parameters in absence of feed were assessed for five days. In the second stage for 9 experimental days, a total of 18 aquaria consisting of three treatment groups with three replications for two different fish feeds were used. Of these aquaria, the first six received only two types of feeds containing 33 and 40% protein, designated as two control groups (C1 and C2). Other two groups (T1 and T2) were prepared by adding a leonardite: zeolite mixture (at 2:1 ratio) to next six replicates simultaneously. The last six replicates received a leonardite: zeolite mixture (at 2:1 ratio) after the 8th day of the study, and formed the last two treatment groups (T3 and T4). In this study, mean pH values varied between 7.01 and 7.82 and ammonia values were found to be maximum of 94.96% and minimum of 38.73% lower compared to the control group when 3 g adsorbent mixture (2L: 1Z) was used to balance pH and ammonium (NH4+) values in an aquatic environment containing 0.5 l freshwater and 0.5 g fish feed with 33-40% protein contents. It was demonstrated that the combined use of zeolite and leonardite had positive effects on ammonium removal and providing optimum pH levels for aquaculture. The combined use of these two adsorbents helped balance the pH-reducing effect of leonardite with zeolite, and the pH-reducing effect of leonardite contributed to the NH4+ adsorption efficiency of zeolite.


Assuntos
Compostos de Amônio , Minerais , Poluentes Químicos da Água , Purificação da Água , Zeolitas , Animais , Zeolitas/química , Poluentes Químicos da Água/química , Monitoramento Ambiental , Adsorção , Aquicultura
2.
Appl Opt ; 63(6): A7-A15, 2024 Feb 20.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38437352

RESUMO

Accurate and efficient counting of shrimp larvae is crucial for monitoring reproduction patterns, assessing growth rates, and evaluating the performance of aquaculture. Traditional methods via density estimation are ineffective in the case of high density. In addition, the image contains bright spots utilizing the point light source or the line light source. Therefore, in this paper an automated shrimp counting platform based on optics and image processing is designed to complete the task of counting shrimp larvae. First, an area light source ensures a uniformly illuminated environment, which helps to obtain shrimp images with high resolution. Then, a counting algorithm based on improved k-means and a side window filter (SWF) is designed to achieve an accurate number of shrimp in the lamp house. Specifically, the SWF technique is introduced to preserve the body contour of shrimp larvae, and eliminate noise, such as water impurities and eyes of shrimp larvae. Finally, shrimp larvae are divided into two groups, independent and interdependent, and counted separately. Experimental results show that the designed optical counting system is excellent in terms of visual effect and objective evaluation.


Assuntos
Algoritmos , Aquicultura , Animais , Olho , Processamento de Imagem Assistida por Computador , Larva
3.
Sci Rep ; 14(1): 3763, 2024 03 07.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38453975

RESUMO

Globally, salmon aquaculture promises to contribute to sustainable sources of animal protein for a growing human population. However, the growth of the industry also includes increased reports of mass mortality events-disaster events where large numbers of fish die in short periods of time. As salmon production increases in scale and more technology is used to grow salmon in contexts otherwise not suited for them, there is a possibility for more frequent and more severe mortality events. Despite investigations into specific cases of mass mortality events-no global study has been conducted to see if large scale mortality is increasing in frequency and scale. Using a global dataset of publicly available and government-collated data on salmon mortality events including nations responsible for the majority of salmon aquaculture, we document trends in mortality events, showing that in some of the major salmon producing nations of the world (in particular Norway, Canada, and the UK), mass mortality events have increased in frequency from 2012 to 2022. We also show that the scope of mass mortality events has increased over time-that is, the upper bound of how many fish were killed in a specific mortality event has increased over time. Finally, the expected maximum size of a mass mortality event differs from country to country, but is likely much larger than site and jurisdictional thresholds of concern for animal welfare, early warning thresholds, and capacity to respond to mortality events. The consequences of the increased scale and scope of mass mortality events extend past aquaculture production to include severe consequences to aquaculture companies and to coastal communities who depend on aquaculture. Our results agree with predictions of the concept of "manufactured risk", which suggests that risk emerges from the aggressive use of technology to optimize production in variable environments, and we argue that there is a need for more fine-scale and standard data collection on salmon mortality events, and that future investigations into salmon aquaculture should increase focus on disaster potential and realization.


Assuntos
Doenças dos Peixes , Salmo salar , Animais , Humanos , Salmão , Aquicultura/métodos , Peixes , Noruega
4.
Sci Rep ; 14(1): 5594, 2024 03 07.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38454013

RESUMO

Denitrifying bacteria harboring the nitrate reductase S (nirS) gene convert active nitrogen into molecular nitrogen, and alleviate eutrophication in aquaculture water. Suspended particulate matter (SPM) is an important component of aquaculture water and a carrier for denitrification. SPM with different particle sizes were collected from a coastal high-altitude aquaculture pond in Maoming City, China. Diversity, community structure, abundance of nirS-type denitrifying bacteria on SPM and environmental influencing factors were studied using high-throughput sequencing, fluorescence quantitative PCR, and statistical analysis. Pseudomonas, Halomonas, and Wenzhouxiangella were the dominant genera of nirS-type denitrifying bacteria on SPM from the ponds. Network analysis revealed Pseudomonas and Halomonas as the key genera involved in the interaction of nirS-type denitrifying bacteria on SPM in the ponds. qPCR indicated a trend toward greater nirS gene abundance in progressively larger SPM. Dissolved oxygen, pH, temperature, and SPM particle size were the main environmental factors influencing changes in the nirS-type denitrifying bacterial community on SPM in coastal high-altitude aquaculture pond water. These findings increase our understanding of the microbiology of nitrogen cycle processes in aquaculture ecosystem, and will help optimize aquatic tailwater treatment strategies.


Assuntos
Ecossistema , Lagoas , Nitrato Redutase , Material Particulado , Altitude , Desnitrificação , Bactérias/genética , Aquicultura , Nitrogênio , Água/química
5.
BMC Vet Res ; 20(1): 91, 2024 Mar 08.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38459500

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Application of a virus-like particle (VLP) as a nanocontainer to encapsulate double stranded (ds)RNA to control viral infection in shrimp aquaculture has been extensively reported. In this study, we aimed at improving VLP's encapsulation efficiency which should lead to a superior fighting weapon with disastrous viruses. RESULTS: We constructed 2 variants of chimeric Macrobrachium rosenbergii nodavirus (MrNV)-like particles (V1- and V2-MrN-VLPs) and tested their efficiency to encapsulate VP37 double stranded RNA as well as WSSV protection in P. vannamei. Two types of short peptides, RNA-binding domain (RBD) and deca-arginine (10R) were successfully engineered into the interior surface of VLP, the site where the contact with VP37-dsRNA occurs. TEM and dynamic light scattering (DLS) analyses revealed that the chimeric VLPs remained their assembling property to be an icosahedral symmetric particle with a diameter of about 30 nm, similar to the original MrN-VLP particle. The superior encapsulation efficiency of VP37-dsRNA into V2-MrN-VLP was achieved, which was slightly better than that of V1-MrN-VLP but far better (1.4-fold) than its parental V0-MrN-VLP which the mole ratio of 7.5-10.5 for all VLP variants. The protection effect against challenging WSSV (as gauged from the level of VP37 gene and the remaining viral copy number in shrimp) was significantly improved in both V1- and V2-MrN-VLP compared with an original V0-MrN-VLP template. CONCLUSION: MrN-VLP (V0-) were re-engineered interiorly with RBD (V1-) and 10R (V2-) peptides which had an improved VP37-dsRNA encapsulation capability. The protection effect against WSSV infection through shrimp administration with dsRNA + V1-/V2-MrN VLPs was experimentally evident.


Assuntos
Palaemonidae , Penaeidae , Viroses , Vírus da Síndrome da Mancha Branca 1 , Animais , Palaemonidae/genética , RNA de Cadeia Dupla , Viroses/veterinária , Aquicultura , Peptídeos/genética , Vírus da Síndrome da Mancha Branca 1/genética
6.
Microb Ecol ; 87(1): 51, 2024 Mar 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38488929

RESUMO

In aquatic environments, Vibrio and cyanobacteria establish varying relationships influenced by environmental factors. To investigate their association, this study spanned 5 months at a local shrimp farm, covering the shrimp larvae stocking cycle until harvesting. A total of 32 samples were collected from pond A (n = 6), pond B (n = 6), effluent (n = 10), and influent (n = 10). Vibrio species and cyanobacteria density were observed, and canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) assessed their correlation. CCA revealed a minor correlation (p = 0.847, 0.255, 0.288, and 0.304) between Vibrio and cyanobacteria in pond A, pond B, effluent, and influent water, respectively. Notably, Vibrio showed a stronger correlation with pH (6.14-7.64), while cyanobacteria correlated with pH, salinity (17.4-24 ppt), and temperature (30.8-31.5 °C), with salinity as the most influential factor. This suggests that factors beyond cyanobacteria influence Vibrio survival. Future research could explore species-specific relationships, regional dynamics, and multidimensional landscapes to better understand Vibrio-cyanobacteria connections. Managing water parameters may prove more efficient in controlling vibriosis in shrimp farms than targeting cyanobacterial populations.


Assuntos
Cianobactérias , Penaeidae , Vibrio parahaemolyticus , Vibrio , Animais , Lagoas , Água , Aquicultura , Penaeidae/microbiologia
7.
Environ Pollut ; 346: 123672, 2024 Apr 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38428796

RESUMO

Dredging wastewater (DW) from aquaculture ponds is a major disturbance factor in mangrove management, and its effects on the greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes from mangrove sediment remain controversial. In this study, we investigated GHG (N2O, CH4, and CO2) fluxes from mangrove sediment at typical aquaculture pond-mangrove sites that were stimulated by DW discharged for different input histories and from different farm types. The GHG fluxes exhibited differing cumulative effects with increasing periods of DW input. The N2O and CH4 fluxes from mangrove sediment that received DW inputs for 17 y increased by ∼10 and ∼1.5 times, respectively, whereas the CO2 flux from mangrove sediment that received DW inputs for 11 y increased by ∼1 time. The effect of DW from shrimp ponds on the N2O flux was significantly larger than those of DW from fish/crab ponds and razor clam ponds. Moreover, the total global warming potentials (GWPs) at the field sites with DW inputs increased by 29-129% of which the CO2 flux was the main contributor to the GWP (85-96%). N2O as a proportion of CO2-equivalent flux increased from 2% to 12%, indicating that N2O was an important contributor to the increase in GWP. Overall, DW increased the GHG fluxes from mangrove sediments, indicating that the contribution of mangroves to climate warming was enhanced under DW input. It also implies that the carbon sequestration potential of mangrove sediments may be threatened to some extent. Therefore, future assessments of the carbon sequestration capacity of mangroves at regional or global scales should consider this phenomenon.


Assuntos
Braquiúros , Gases de Efeito Estufa , Animais , Estuários , Águas Residuárias , Rios , Dióxido de Carbono/análise , Monitoramento Ambiental , Aquicultura , China , Metano/análise , Óxido Nitroso/análise , Áreas Alagadas
8.
Mar Genomics ; 74: 101084, 2024 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38485292

RESUMO

The Annelida phylum is composed of a myriad of species exhibiting key phenotypic adaptations. They occupy key ecological niches in a variety of marine, freshwater and terrestrial ecosystems. Importantly, the increment of omic resources is rapidly modifying the taxonomic landscape and knowledge of species belonging to this phylum. Here, we comprehensively characterised and annotated a transcriptome of the common ragworm, Hediste diversicolor (OF Müller). This species belongs to the family Nereididae and inhabits estuarine and lagoon areas on the Atlantic coasts of Europe and North America. Ecologically, H. diversicolor plays an important role in benthic food webs. Given its commercial value, H. diversicolor is a promising candidate for aquaculture development and production in farming facilities, under a circular economy framework. We used Illumina next-generation sequencing technology, to produce a total of 105 million (M) paired-end (PE) raw reads and generate the first whole-body transcriptome assembly of H. diversicolor species. This high-quality transcriptome contains 69,335 transcripts with an N50 transcript length of 2313 bp and achieved a BUSCO gene completeness of 97.7% and 96% in Eukaryota and Metazoa lineage-specific profile libraries. Our findings offer a valuable resource for multiple biological applications using this species.


Assuntos
Ecossistema , Poliquetos , Animais , Transcriptoma , Poliquetos/genética , Aquicultura , Europa (Continente)
9.
Pak J Biol Sci ; 27(2): 90-99, 2024 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38516750

RESUMO

<b>Background and Objective:</b> Vaname shrimp (<i>Litopenaeus vannamei</i>) is one of the main economic commodities in aquaculture in the world. Biofloc is a cultivation technology that effectively improves the growth and health status of vaname shrimp. This research aimed to analyze the use of bagasse as a carbon source in the biofloc system for white shrimp cultivation. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> The shrimp used were 18 g/individual shrimp obtained from the Bone Marine and Fisheries Polytechnic Pond. Sugarcane bagasse processed from sugar factory waste was dried in an oven at 60°C and ground using a flouring machine. The research treatments included biofloc application where sugarcane bagasse played a role as a carbon source (L), biofloc application where wheat flour's role was as a carbon source (T) and control or no biofloc application (K). <b>Results:</b> This research showed that sugarcane bagasse could be used as a carbon source for white shrimp biofloc cultivation where the growth value tended to be the same as wheat flour. Total hemolytic count (THC) and shrimp survival in sugarcane bagasse biofloc were as good as wheat flour biofloc. Sugarcane bagasse biofloc had the same ability as wheat flour biofloc in reducing ammonia levels in the rearing media. Sugarcane bagasse biofloc had the same ability as wheat flour biofloc in reducing ammonia levels in the rearing media. The application of bagasse had no effect on temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen and salinity of the rearing media because this treatment was in the optimal range for the growth of vaname shrimp. <b>Conclusion:</b> Sugarcane bagasse has the potential to be a carbon source in biofloc systems because it could improve growth, health status, survival and water quality.


Assuntos
Penaeidae , Saccharum , Animais , Celulose , Carbono , Amônia , Farinha , Triticum , Aquicultura
10.
PLoS One ; 19(3): e0300472, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38517901

RESUMO

Gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) is an important species in Mediterranean aquaculture. Rapid intensification of its production and sub-optimal husbandry practices can cause stress, impairing overall fish performance and raising issues related to sustainability, animal welfare, and food safety. The advent of next-generation sequencing technologies has greatly revolutionized the study of fish stress biology, allowing a deeper understanding of the molecular stress responses. Here, we characterized for the first time, using RNA-seq, the different hepatic transcriptome responses of gilthead seabream to common aquaculture challenges, namely overcrowding, net handling, and hypoxia, further integrating them with the liver proteome and metabolome responses. After reference-guided transcriptome assembly, annotation, and differential gene expression analysis, 7, 343, and 654 genes were differentially expressed (adjusted p-value < 0.01, log2|fold-change| >1) in the fish from the overcrowding, net handling, and hypoxia challenged groups, respectively. Gene set enrichment analysis (FDR < 0.05) suggested a scenario of challenge-specific responses, that is, net handling induced ribosomal assembly stress, whereas hypoxia induced DNA replication stress in gilthead seabream hepatocytes, consistent with proteomics and metabolomics' results. However, both responses converged upon the downregulation of insulin growth factor signalling and induction of endoplasmic reticulum stress. These results demonstrate the high phenotypic plasticity of this species and its differential responses to distinct challenging environments at the transcriptomic level. Furthermore, it provides significant resources for characterizing and identifying potentially novel genes that are important for gilthead seabream resilience and aquaculture production efficiency with regard to fish welfare.


Assuntos
Dourada , Animais , Dourada/metabolismo , Transcriptoma , RNA-Seq , Multiômica , Perfilação da Expressão Gênica/métodos , Fígado , Aquicultura , Hipóxia
11.
Se Pu ; 42(3): 225-233, 2024 Mar 08.
Artigo em Chinês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38503699

RESUMO

Algal toxins are secondary metabolites produced by harmful algae; these metabolites are characterized with strong toxicity, diverse structure and bioaccumulation. Aquatic organisms that feed on harmful algae can accumulate algal toxins in their bodies, and the consumption of these organisms by humans can cause symptoms of paralysis, diarrhea, and even death. The onset of poisoning can occur within as little as 30 min; in many cases, no suitable antidote for algal toxins is available. Thus, algal toxins present significant threats to human health, the aquaculture industry, and aquatic ecosystems. Because the potential risks of algal toxins are a critical issue, these toxins have become a research hotspot. The water environment and various types of aquatic products should be monitored and analyzed to ensure their safety. However, because of possible matrix effects and the low content of algal toxins in actual samples, an efficient pretreatment method is necessary prior to instrumental analyses. Efficient sample pretreatment techniques can not only reduce or eliminate interferences from the sample matrix during analysis but also enrich the target analytes to meet the detection limit of the analytical instrument, thereby ensuring the sensitivity and accuracy of the detection method. In recent years, sample pretreatment techniques such as solid-phase extraction (SPE), solid-phase microextraction (SPME), magnetic SPE (MSPE), dispersive SPE (DSPE), and pipette tip-based SPE (PT-SPE) have gained wide attention in the field of algal-toxin separation and analysis. The performance of these pretreatment techniques largely depends on the characteristics of the extraction materials. Given the diverse physicochemical properties of algal toxins, including their different molecular sizes, hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity, and charges, the design and preparation of materials suitable for algal-toxin extraction is an essential undertaking. The optimal extraction material should be capable of reversible algal-toxin adsorption and preferably possess a porous structure with a large surface area to allow for high recovery rates and good interfacial contact with the toxins. Additionally, the extraction material should exhibit good chemical stability in the sample solution and elution solvent within the working pH range; otherwise, it may dissolve or lose its functional groups. Many research efforts have sought to develop novel adsorbent materials with these properties in the separation and analysis of algal toxins, focusing on carbon-based materials, metal organic frameworks (MOFs), covalent organic frameworks (COFs), molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs), and their functionalized counterparts. Carbon-based materials, MOFs, and COFs have advantages such as large surface areas and abundant adsorption sites. These extraction materials are widely used in the separation and analysis of target substances in complex environmental, biological, and food samples owing to their excellent performance and unique microstructure. They are also the main adsorbents used for the extraction of algal toxins. These extraction materials play an essential role in the extraction of algal toxins, but they also present a number of limitations: (1) Carbon-based materials, MOFs, and COFs have relatively poor selective-adsorption ability towards target substances; (2) Most MOFs are unstable in aqueous solutions and challenging to apply during extraction from water-based sample solutions; (3) COFs mainly consist of lightweight elements, rendering them difficult to completely separate from sample solutions using centrifugal force, which limits their application range; (4) Although MIPs have good selectivity, issues such as template-molecule loss, slow mass-transfer rates, and low adsorption capacity must be addressed. Therefore, the design and preparation of novel functionalized extraction materials specifically tailored for algal toxins and studies on new composite extraction materials are highly desirable. This article collects representative literature from domestic and international research on algal-toxin analysis over the past decade, summarizes the relevant findings, categorizes the applications of novel functional materials in algal-toxin-extraction processes, and provides an outlook on their future development prospects.


Assuntos
Aquicultura , Ecossistema , Humanos , Adsorção , Carbono , Água , Extração em Fase Sólida
12.
Sci Rep ; 14(1): 3130, 2024 02 07.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38326509

RESUMO

The Tambaqui is one of the most representative Amazon fish species, being highly exploited in fisheries, aquaculture and as a research model. Nonetheless, data about functional genome are still required to evaluate reproductive and nutrition parameters as well as resistance to pathogens. The of next-generation sequencing has allows assessing the transcriptional processes in non-model species by providing comprehensive gene collections to be used as a database in further genomic applications and increased performance of captive populations. In this study, we relied on RNAseq approach to generate the first transcriptome of the telencephalon from adult males and females of Colossoma macropomum, resulting in a reference dataset for future functional studies. We retrieved 896,238 transcripts, including the identification of 267,785 contigs and 203,790 genes. From this total, 91 transcripts were differentially expressed, being 63 and 28 of them positively regulated for females and males, respectively. The functional annotation resulted in a library of 40 candidate genes for females and 20 for males. The functional enrichment classes comprised reproductive processes (GO:0,048,609; GO:0,003,006; GO:0,044,703; GO:0,032,504; GO:0,019,953) being related to sex differentiation (e.g., SAFB) and immune response (e.g., SLC2A6, AHNAK, NLRC3, NLRP3 and IgC MHC I alpha3), thus indicating that the genes in the neurotranscriptome of Tambaqui participate in sex differentiation and homeostasis of captive specimens. These data are useful to design the selection of genes related to sex determination and animal welfare in raising systems of Tambaqui.


Assuntos
Caraciformes , Animais , Masculino , Feminino , Caraciformes/genética , Aquicultura , Pesqueiros , Genômica , Biblioteca Gênica
13.
Toxicol In Vitro ; 96: 105790, 2024 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38355023

RESUMO

Here we evaluated the gill epithelial cell line ASG-10 from Atlantic salmon, as an in vitro model for research on known water quality challenges in aquaculture. Ammonia/ammonium (NH3/NH4+), a recognized challenge in water-intensive recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS), induced lysosomal vacuolization, reduced protein degradation and cell migration of the ASG-10 cells. Aluminium (Aln+), another challenge in freshwater aquaculture facilities had only minor effects. Next, we investigated the tolerance for direct water exposure of ASG-10. The cells tolerated water with osmolarity between 169 and 419 mOsmol/kg for 24 h. However, cells exposed for 3 h to water at 863 mOsmol/kg changed cellular morphology and induced gene expression related to stress (gpx1, casp3, hsp70), and after 24 h exposure cellular viability was severely reduced. Nevertheless, when the cells were grown in transwell inserts, they tolerated 863 mOsmol/kg for 3 h and induction of stress response associated genes was considerably reduced. Lastly, the ASG-10 cells were exposed to water samples, with no known quality issues, from different aquaculture facilities. The cells showed no differences in viability or morphology compared to their representative control. In conclusion, the ASG-10 cell line is a promising in vitro model to study water quality challenges and whole water samples.


Assuntos
Salmo salar , Animais , Brânquias , Qualidade da Água , Células Epiteliais , Aquicultura
14.
J Hazard Mater ; 467: 133737, 2024 Apr 05.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38359764

RESUMO

This is the first study determining the effects of bath exposure to fulvic acid, a humic substance, on the skin mucosal immunity of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Humic substances have recently been gaining attention for their increasing concentrations in aquatic ecosystems and their use as supplements in sustainable aquaculture. This study demonstrated that water exposure to fulvic acid at concentrations of 5 mg C/L and 50 mg C/L increased lysozyme and alkaline phosphatase activities in the mucus by approximately 2-fold and 2.5 to 3.2-fold, respectively. Furthermore, exposure to 50 mg C/L resulted in a 77.0% increase in mucosal immunoglobulin concentrations compared to the other groups. Importantly, all mucus samples demonstrated significant antibacterial activity against Yersinia ruckeri, with control mucus reducing bacterial growth by 44.5% and exposure to fulvic acid increasing this effect to 26.3%. Although these modulations show promise for application in aquaculture, alterations of the beneficial microbiota from long-term exposure in natural waters can be expected. Monitoring the rising concentrations of humic substances in natural water bodies is therefore urgently needed. Overall, this study represents the first investigation revealing the ability of humic substances to modulate skin mucosal immunity and the capacity to combat microorganisms.


Assuntos
Benzopiranos , Dieta , Imunidade nas Mucosas , Animais , Ecossistema , Substâncias Húmicas , Aquicultura , Água , Fatores de Risco
15.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int ; 31(10): 16028-16047, 2024 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38308166

RESUMO

Pathogenic bacteria, the major causative agents of aquaculture diseases, are a serious impediment to the aquaculture industry. However, the bioinformatics of pathogenic bacteria and virulence factors (VFs) in sediments, an important component of freshwater aquaculture ecosystems, are not well characterized. In this study, 20 sediment samples were collected from fish pond sediments (FPS), shrimp field sediments (SFS), fish pond sediment control (FPSC), and shrimp field sediment control (SFSC). Molecular biological information was obtained on a total of 173 pathogenic bacteria, 1093 virulence factors (VFs), and 8475 mobile genetic elements (MGEs) from these samples. The results indicated that (1) aquaculture patterns and sediment characteristics can affect the distribution of pathogenic bacteria. According to the results of the Kruskal-Wallis H test, except for Mycobacterium gilvum, there were significant differences (P < 0.05) among the four sediment types in the average abundance of major pathogenic bacteria (top 30 in abundance), and the average abundance of major pathogenic bacteria in the four sediment types followed the following pattern: FPS > SFS > FPSC > SFSC. (2) Pathogenic bacteria are able to implement a variety of complex pathogenic mechanisms such as adhesion, invasion, immune evasion, and metabolic regulation in the host because they carry a variety of VFs such as type IV pili, HSI-I, Alginate, Colibactin, and Capsule. According to the primary classification of the Virulence Factor Database (VFDB), the abundance of VFs in all four types of sediments showed the following pattern: offensive VFs > non-specific VFs > defensive VFs > regulation of virulence-related genes. (3) Total organic carbon (TOC), total phosphorus (TP), available phosphorus (AP), nitrite, and nitrate were mostly only weakly positively correlated with the major pathogenic bacteria and could promote the growth of pathogenic bacteria to some extent, whereas ammonia was significantly positively correlated with most of the major pathogenic bacteria and could play an important role in promoting the growth and reproduction of pathogenic bacteria. (4) Meanwhile, there was also a significant positive correlation between CAZyme genes and major pathogenic bacteria (0.62 ≤ R ≤ 0.89, P < 0.05). This suggests that these pathogenic bacteria could be the main carriers of CAZyme genes and, to some extent, gained a higher level of metabolic activity by degrading organic matter in the sediments to maintain their competitive advantage. (5) Worryingly, the results of correlation analyses indicated that MGEs in aquaculture sediments could play an important role in the spread of VFs (R = 0.82, P < 0.01), and in particular, plasmids (R = 0.75, P < 0.01) and integrative and conjugative elements (ICEs, R = 0.65, P < 0.05) could be these major vectors of VFs. The results of this study contribute to a comprehensive understanding of the health of freshwater aquaculture sediments and provide a scientific basis for aquaculture management and conservation.


Assuntos
Ecossistema , Água Doce , Animais , Bactérias , Aquicultura , Fósforo , Fatores de Virulência/genética
16.
Water Res ; 252: 121218, 2024 Mar 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38330713

RESUMO

The structure and function of the water microbial community can change dramatically between different rearing modes. Yet investigations into the relationships between microbial community and water quality remain obscure. We provide the first evidence that rearing modes alter bacterial community and water quality in the rearing water of the mud crab (Scylla paramamosain) larvae. The juveniles in the recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) had a higher viability than those in the water exchange system (WES). RAS had the significantly lower levels of total ammonia nitrogen (TAN), NH3, NO2--N, total nitrogen (TN), total dissolved solids (TDS), and chemical oxygen demand than those of WES. The number of significantly different amplicon sequence variants between rearing modes increased as the larvae developed. NH3, TAN, TDS, NO2--N, and TN were closely related to the late alterations in water bacterial community. Both the FAPROTAX tool and quantitative PCR analysis showed enhanced nitrogen cycling functional potential of water bacterial community of RAS. Random forest analysis identified the enriched water bacteria especially heterotrophic bacteria such as Phaeodactylibacter, Tenacibaculum, and Hydrogenophaga, which were vital in removing nitrogenous compounds via simultaneous nitrification and denitrification. Notably, RAS could save 18.5 m3 of seawater relative to WES in larviculture on the scale of 2.5 m3. Together, these data indicate that RAS could function as microbial community and water quality management strategy in the larviculture of crab.


Assuntos
Braquiúros , Microbiota , Animais , Qualidade da Água , Dióxido de Nitrogênio , Aquicultura , Bactérias/genética , Nitrogênio
17.
Theriogenology ; 218: 62-68, 2024 Apr 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38301508

RESUMO

The mangrove oyster Crassostrea rhizophorae is identified as a potentially valuable species for tropical aquaculture, however, information on the physiological mechanisms of reproduction under laboratory conditions for this species is limited. This study investigated the effects of salinity at different concentrations (15, 20, 25, 30, 35, and 40 g/L) on the induction of germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) of oocytes obtained through stripping, the release of polar bodies (PB1 and PB2), and the larval development of the mangrove oyster. The results revealed a relationship between salinity and the percentage of GVBD, with the most effective range being 30-40 g/L within the hydration time frame between 70 and 120 min. The release of 50 % of PB1 was detected within this salinity range, while for the release of 50 % of PB2, the saline treatments of 35 and 40 g/L showed the best results. Overall, the salinity range of 30-40 g/L is suggested as the most suitable of polyploidy induction methodologies through the retention of PB1 or PB2. Regarding larval hatching, while salinities between 25 and 40 g/L presented similar percentages, at 15 g/L no hatching was observed. This study demonstrated that salinity is a key factor in early pre- and post-fertilization stages for the successful reproduction of mangrove oyster in hatcheries and that the percentages of oocyte maturation and artificial fertilization can be optimized by adjusting salinity.


Assuntos
Crassostrea , Animais , Crassostrea/genética , Salinidade , Aquicultura , Larva , Fertilização
18.
Fish Shellfish Immunol ; 147: 109459, 2024 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38369068

RESUMO

Probiotics in shrimp aquaculture have gained considerable attention as a potential solution to enhance production efficiency, disease management, and overall sustainability. Probiotics, beneficial microorganisms, have shown promising effects when administered to shrimp as dietary supplements or water additives. Their inclusion has been linked to improved gut health, nutrient absorption, and disease resistance in shrimp. Probiotics also play a crucial role in maintaining a balanced microbial community within the shrimp pond environment, enhancing water quality and reducing pathogen prevalence. This article briefly summarizes the many ways that probiotics are used in shrimp farming and the advantages that come with them. Despite the promising results, challenges such as strain selection, dosage optimization, and environmental conditions are carefully addressed for successful probiotic integration in shrimp aquaculture. The potential of probiotics as a sustainable and ecologically friendly method of promoting shrimp development and health while advancing environmentally friendly shrimp farming techniques is highlighted in this analysis. Further research is required to fully exploit probiotics' benefits and develop practical guidelines for their effective implementation in shrimp aquaculture.


Assuntos
Penaeidae , Probióticos , Animais , Crustáceos , Aquicultura/métodos , Alimentos Marinhos , Qualidade da Água
19.
Fish Shellfish Immunol ; 147: 109464, 2024 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38412902

RESUMO

Disease outbreaks are a major impediment to aquaculture production, and vaccines are integral for disease management. Vaccines can be expensive, vary in effectiveness, and come with adjuvant-induced adverse effects, causing fish welfare issues and negative economic impacts. Three-dimensional biopolymer hydrogels are an appealing new technology for vaccine delivery in aquaculture, with the potential for controlled release of multiple immunomodulators and antigens simultaneously, action as local depots, and tunable surface properties. This research examined the intraperitoneal implantation of a cross-linked TEMPO cellulose nanofiber (TOCNF) hydrogel formulated with a Vibrio anguillarum bacterin in Atlantic salmon with macroscopic and microscopic monitoring to 600-degree days post-implantation. Results demonstrated a modified passive integrated transponder tagging (PITT) device allowed for implantation of the hydrogel. However, the Atlantic salmon implanted with TOCNF hydrogels exhibited a significant foreign body response (FBR) compared to sham-injected negative controls. The FBR was characterized by gross and microscopic external and visceral proliferative lesions, granulomas, adhesions, and fibrosis surrounding the hydrogel using Speilberg scoring of the peritoneum and histopathology of the body wall and coelom. Acutely, gross monitoring displayed rapid coagulation of blood in response to the implantation wound with development of fibrinous adhesions surrounding the hydrogel by 72 h post-implantation consistent with early stage FBR. While these results were undesirable for aquaculture vaccines, this work informs on the innate immune response to an implanted biopolymer hydrogel in Atlantic salmon and directs future research using cellulose nanomaterial formulations in Atlantic salmon for a new generation of aquaculture vaccine technology.


Assuntos
Celulose Oxidada , Doenças dos Peixes , Nanofibras , Salmo salar , Animais , Hidrogéis , Antígenos , Adjuvantes Imunológicos , Vacinas Bacterianas , Celulose , Aquicultura
20.
Sci Total Environ ; 920: 170558, 2024 Apr 10.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38325459

RESUMO

The trees of the Dongzhai Harbor mangrove forest suffer from antibiotic contamination from surrounding aquaculture areas. Despite this being one of the largest mangrove forests in China, few studies have focused on the antibiotic pollution status in these aquaculture areas. In the present study, the occurrence, distribution, and risk assessment of 37 antibiotics in surface water and sediment samples from aquaculture areas around Dongzhai Harbor mangrove forests were analyzed. The concentration of total antibiotics (∑antibiotics) ranged from 78.4 ng/L to 225.6 ng/L in surface water (except S14-A2) and from 19.5 ng/g dry weight (dw) to 229 ng/g dw in sediment. In the sediment, the concentrations of ∑antibiotics were relatively low (19.5-52.3 ng/g dw) at 75 % of the sampling sites, while they were high (95.7-229.0 ng/g dw) at a few sampling sites (S13-A1, S13D, S8D). The correlation analysis results showed that the Kd values of the 9 antibiotics were significantly positively correlated with molecular weight (MW), Kow, and LogKow. Risk assessment revealed that sulfamethoxazole (SMX) in surface water and SMX, enoxacin (ENX), ciprofloxacin (CFX), enrofloxacin (EFX), ofloxacin (OFX), and norfloxacin (NFX) in sediment had medium/high risk quotients (RQs) at 62.5 % and 25-100 %, respectively, of the sampling sites. The antibiotic mixture in surface water (0.06-3.36) and sediment (0.43-309) posed a high risk at 37.5 % and 66.7 %, respectively, of the sampling sites. SMX was selected as an indicator of antibiotic pollution in surface water to assist regulatory authorities in monitoring and managing antibiotic pollution in the aquaculture zone of Dongzhai Harbor. Overall, the results of the present study provide a comprehensive and detailed analysis of the characteristics of antibiotics in the aquaculture environment around the Dongzhai Harbor mangrove system and provide a theoretical basis for the source control of antibiotics in mangrove systems.


Assuntos
Antibacterianos , Poluentes Químicos da Água , Antibacterianos/análise , Áreas Alagadas , Aquicultura , Sulfametoxazol/análise , Água/análise , Medição de Risco , China , Poluentes Químicos da Água/análise , Monitoramento Ambiental
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