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1.
PLoS One ; 19(3): e0298588, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38457427

RESUMO

Vessel electronic monitoring (EM) systems used in fisheries around the world apply a variety of cameras to record catch as it is brought on deck and during fish processing activities. In EM work conducted by the Center for Fisheries Electronic Monitoring at Mote (CFEMM) in the Gulf of Mexico commercial reef fish fishery, there was a need to improve upon current technologies to enhance camera views for accurate species identification of large sharks, particularly those that were released while underwater at the vessel side or underneath the hull. This paper describes how this problem was addressed with the development of the first known EM system integrated underwater camera (UCAM) with a specialized vessel-specific deployment device on a bottom longline reef fish vessel. Data are presented based on blind video reviews from CFEMM trained reviewers of the resulting UCAM video footage compared with video from only the overhead EM cameras from 68 gear retrievals collected from eight fishing trips. Results revealed that the UCAM was a successful tool for capturing clear underwater video footage of released large (>2m) sharks to enable reviewers to improve individual species identification, determination, and fate by 34.4%. This was particularly important for obtaining data on incidental catches of large protected shark species. It also provided clear underwater imagery of the presence of potential predators such as marine mammals close to the vessel, more specifically bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) during gear retrieval, which often damaged or removed catch. This information is intended to assist researchers in need of gathering critical data on bycatch in close proximity to a vessel in which conventional overhead EM cameras are limited.


Assuntos
Caniformia , Tubarões , Animais , Conservação dos Recursos Naturais/métodos , Pesqueiros , Golfo do México , Eletrônica
2.
DNA Res ; 31(2)2024 Apr 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38451834

RESUMO

Pacific saury (Cololabis saira) is a commercially important small pelagic fish species in Asia. In this study, we conducted the first-ever whole genome sequencing of this species, with single molecule, real-time (SMRT) sequencing technology. The obtained high-fidelity (HiFi) long-read sequence data, which amount to ~30-folds of its haploid genome size that was measured with quantitative PCR (1.17 Gb), were assembled into contigs. Scaffolding with Hi-C reads yielded a whole genome assembly containing 24 chromosome-scale sequences, with a scaffold N50 length of 47.7 Mb. Screening of repetitive elements including telomeric repeats was performed to characterize possible factors that need to be resolved towards 'telomere-to-telomere' sequencing. The larger genome size than in medaka, a close relative in Beloniformes, is at least partly explained by larger repetitive element quantity, which is reflected in more abundant tRNAs, in the Pacific saury genome. Protein-coding regions were predicted using transcriptome data, which resulted in 22,274 components. Retrieval of Pacific saury homologs of aquaporin (AQP) genes known from other teleost fishes validated high completeness and continuity of the genome assembly. These resources are available at https://treethinkers.nig.ac.jp/saira/ and will assist various molecular-level studies in fishery science and comparative biology.


Assuntos
Beloniformes , Pesqueiros , Animais , Sequência de Bases , Cromossomos , Peixes/genética , Biologia , Beloniformes/genética , Filogenia
3.
PLoS One ; 19(3): e0293120, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38489326

RESUMO

Marine fishery carbon emissions play a significant role in agricultural carbon emissions, making resource allocation a crucial topic for the overall marine ecological protection. This paper evaluates the dynamic iteration method as a research approach with the factors of resource allocation consisting of value assessment, optimization objective, difference between value assessment and objective, and optimization calculation. The paper selects the shadow price from the Super-SBM model as the judgment function for the goal value, aiming for the fairness criterion. From an equity standpoint, the allocation of carbon resources in marine capture fisheries proves to be unreasonable. The fishery model exhibits an excessive supply of carbon resources, resulting in wastage, while the green fishery model faces a relatively limited supply, with a focus on energy conservation and environmental protection. To address this issue, this paper proposes a new method and discusses the corrective results. This result shows that the stabilization point achieved is a short-term equilibrium rather than a long-term one. By rectifying the social contradiction of profit-oriented approaches, this research provides a fresh perspective for economic studies and applications, particularly in industrial layout and resource utilization optimization.


Assuntos
Conservação dos Recursos Naturais , Pesqueiros , Conservação dos Recursos Naturais/métodos , Biologia Marinha , Carbono
4.
Sci Rep ; 14(1): 4100, 2024 03 14.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38485970

RESUMO

Coastal ecosystems are highly vulnerable to the impacts of climate change and other stressors, including urbanization and overfishing. Consequently, distributions of coastal fish have begun to change, particularly in response to increasing temperatures linked to climate change. However, few studies have evaluated how natural and anthropogenic disturbances can alter species distributions in conjunction with geophysical habitat alterations, such as changes to land use and land cover (LU/LC). Here, we examine the spatiotemporal changes in the distribution of juvenile bull sharks (Carcharhinus leucas) using a multi-decadal fishery-independent survey of coastal Alabama. Using a boosted regression tree (BRT) modeling framework, we assess the covariance of environmental conditions (sea surface temperature, depth, salinity, dissolved oxygen, riverine discharge, Chl-a) as well as historic changes to LU/LC to the distribution of bull sharks. Species distribution models resultant from BRTs for early (2003-2005) and recent (2018-2020) monitoring periods indicated a mean increase in habitat suitability (i.e., probability of capture) for juvenile bull sharks from 0.028 to 0.082, concomitant with substantial increases in mean annual temperature (0.058°C/yr), Chl-a (2.32 mg/m3), and urbanization (increased LU/LC) since 2000. These results align with observed five-fold increases in the relative abundance of juvenile bull sharks across the study period and demonstrate the impacts of changing environmental conditions on their distribution and relative abundance. As climate change persists, coastal communities will continue to change, altering the structure of ecological communities and the success of nearshore fisheries.


Assuntos
Ecossistema , Tubarões , Animais , Conservação dos Recursos Naturais , Pesqueiros , Tubarões/fisiologia
5.
Glob Chang Biol ; 30(3): e17236, 2024 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38519845

RESUMO

Climate change is restructuring biodiversity on multiple scales and there is a pressing need to understand the downstream ecological and genomic consequences of this change. Recent advancements in the field of eco-evolutionary genomics have sought to include evolutionary processes in forecasting species' responses to climate change (e.g., genomic offset), but to date, much of this work has focused on terrestrial species. Coastal and offshore species, and the fisheries they support, may be even more vulnerable to climate change than their terrestrial counterparts, warranting a critical appraisal of these approaches in marine systems. First, we synthesize knowledge about the genomic basis of adaptation in marine species, and then we discuss the few examples where genomic forecasting has been applied in marine systems. Next, we identify the key challenges in validating genomic offset estimates in marine species, and we advocate for the inclusion of historical sampling data and hindcasting in the validation phase. Lastly, we describe a workflow to guide marine managers in incorporating these predictions into the decision-making process.


Assuntos
Biodiversidade , Pesqueiros , Oceanos e Mares , Genômica , Mudança Climática , Ecossistema , Previsões
6.
PLoS One ; 19(3): e0297768, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38507405

RESUMO

Over the past two decades, increasing numbers of humpback whales have been returning to feed in the inshore waters of British Columbia (BC) where marine aquaculture farms are situated. This has led to growing concerns that the presence of aquaculture farms may pose an entanglement threat to humpback whales. However, it is not known whether aquaculture facilities attract humpback whales, or whether there are factors that increase the likelihood of humpback whale, becoming entangled and dying. We examined eight reports of humpback whales interacting with Atlantic salmon farms in BC from 2008 to 2021 to evaluate the conditions that may have contributed to their entanglements. Of the eight entangled humpbacks, three individuals died and five were successfully disentangled and released. All were young animals (1 calf, 7 subadults). Multiple factors were associated with two or more of the reported incidents. These included facility design, environmental features, seasonality, humpback whale age, and feeding behaviour. We found that humpback whales were most commonly entrapped in the predator nets of the aquaculture facilities (6/8 incidents), and were less often entangled in anchor support lines (2/8). The presence of salmon smolts did not appear to be an attractant for humpback whales given that half of the reported entanglements (4/8) occurred at fallowed salmon farms. Almost all of the entanglements (7/8) occurred in late winter (prior to the seasonal return of humpbacks) and during late fall (after most humpbacks have migrated south). Overall, the number of humpback whales impacted by fish farms was small compared to the numbers that return to BC (> 7,000) and accounted for <6% of all types of reported entanglements in BC. Human intervention was required to release humpback whales at fish farms, which points to the need to have well-established protocols to minimize entanglements and maximize successful releases.


Assuntos
Jubarte , Salmo salar , Animais , Humanos , Colúmbia Britânica , Comportamento Alimentar , Pesqueiros
7.
J Environ Manage ; 355: 120476, 2024 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38442657

RESUMO

Worldwide, states are gazetting new Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) to meet the international commitment of protecting 30% of the seas by 2030. Yet, protection benefits only come into effect when an MPA is implemented with activated regulations and actively managed through continuous monitoring and adaptive management. To assess if actively managed MPAs are the rule or the exception, we used the Mediterranean and Black Seas as a case study, and retrieved information on monitoring activities for 878 designated MPAs in ten European Union (EU) countries. We searched for scientific and grey literature that provides information on the following aspects of MPA assessment and monitoring: ecological (e.g., biomass of commercially exploited fish), social (e.g., perceptions of fishers in an MPA), economic (e.g., revenue of fishers) and governance (e.g., type of governance scheme). We also queried MPA authorities on their past and current monitoring activities using a web-based survey through which we collected 123 responses. Combining the literature review and survey results, we found that approximately 16% of the MPA designations (N = 878) have baseline and/or monitoring studies. Most monitoring programs evaluated MPAs based solely on biological/ecological variables and fewer included social, economic and/or governance variables, failing to capture and assess the social-ecological dimension of marine conservation. To increase the capacity of MPAs to design and implement effective social-ecological monitoring programs, we recommend strategies revolving around three pillars: funding, collaboration, and technology. Following the actionable recommendations presented herein, MPA authorities and EU Member States could improve the low level of MPA monitoring to more effectively reach the 30% protection target delivering benefits for biodiversity conservation.


Assuntos
Biodiversidade , Conservação dos Recursos Naturais , Animais , Oceanos e Mares , Biomassa , Peixes/fisiologia , Ecossistema , Pesqueiros
8.
Sci Adv ; 10(10): eadl5528, 2024 Mar 08.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38446890

RESUMO

Accurate assessments of human-wildlife risk associated with industrial fishing are critical for the conservation of marine top predators. Automatic Identification System (AIS) data provide a means of mapping fishing and estimating human-wildlife risk; however, risk can be obscured by gaps in the AIS record due to technical issues and intentional disabling. We assessed the extent to which unseen fishing vessel activity due to AIS gaps obscured estimates of overlap between fishing vessel activity and 14 marine predators including sharks, tunas, mammals, seabirds, and critically endangered leatherback turtles. Among vessels equipped with AIS in the northeast Pacific, up to 24% of total predator overlap with fishing vessel activity was unseen, and up to 36% was unseen for some individual species. Waters near 10°N had high unseen overlap with sharks yet low reported shark catch, revealing potential discrepancies in self-reported datasets. Accounting for unseen fishing vessel activity illuminates hidden human-wildlife risk, demonstrating challenges and solutions for transparent and sustainable marine fisheries.


Assuntos
Caça , Tubarões , Humanos , Animais , Animais Selvagens , Pesqueiros , Indústrias , Autorrelato , Mamíferos
9.
Glob Chang Biol ; 30(3): e17240, 2024 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38511480

RESUMO

Marine protected areas (MPAs) are important conservation tools that confer ecosystem benefits by removing fishing within their borders to allow stocks to rebuild. Fishing mortality outside a traditionally fixed MPA can exert selective pressure for low movement alleles, resulting in enhanced protection. While evolving to move less may be useful for conservation presently, it could be detrimental in the face of climate change for species that need to move to track their thermal optimum. Here, we build a spatially explicit simulation model to assess the impact of movement evolution in and around static MPAs resulting from both fishing mortality and temperature-dependent natural mortality on conservation benefits across five climate scenarios: (i) linear mean temperature shift, (ii) El Niño/La Niña conditions, (iii) heat waves, (iv) heatwaves with a mean temperature shift, and (v) no climate change. While movement evolution allows populations within MPAs to survive longer, we find that over time, climate change degrades the benefits by selecting for higher movement genotypes. Resulting population declines within MPAs are faster than expected based on climate mortality alone, even within the largest MPAs. Our findings suggest that while static MPAs may conserve species for a time, other strategies, such as dynamic MPA networks or assisted migration, may also be required to effectively incorporate climate change into conservation planning.


Assuntos
Mudança Climática , Ecossistema , Animais , Conservação dos Recursos Naturais/métodos , Temperatura , Peixes , Pesqueiros
10.
Braz J Biol ; 84: e274862, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38511772

RESUMO

Sharks of the genus Sphyrna are under intense exploitation globally. In Brazil's northern coast, this genus represents a high proportion of fisheries landings and comprises four species. However, due to difficulty of specific identification when specimens are landed, most of the records are limited to the genus level. Here we analyzed the effectiveness of ITS2 (Internal Transcribed Spacer 2 of rDNA) fragment length protocol (Abercrombie et al., 2005) for identifying hammerhead shark species, comparing with the analysis of COI (Cytochrome oxidase subunit I) and ITS2 sequences. We evaluated samples of muscle tissue acquired in the main fishing ports of Maranhão: Carutapera, Raposa e Tutóia. Sampling was conducted between March 2017 to March 2018 and complemented with material deposited in collection (2015). COI results indicated the occurrence of endangered species which are prohibited to be landed. These include Sphyrna mokarran (67%), S. lewini (15%), S. tudes (3%), and S. tiburo (15%). For the ITS2 marker, we investigated the optimization of the protocol developed by Abercrombie (2005) for to improve the use in this geographical area througout design of a new primers.


Assuntos
Tubarões , Animais , Tubarões/genética , Brasil , Espécies em Perigo de Extinção , Pesqueiros , Alimentos Marinhos
11.
Glob Chang Biol ; 30(3): e17187, 2024 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38456203

RESUMO

Body size is a key component of individual fitness and an important factor in the structure and functioning of populations and ecosystems. Disentangling the effects of environmental change, harvest and intra- and inter-specific trophic effects on body size remains challenging for populations in the wild. Herring in the Northwest Atlantic provide a strong basis for evaluating hypotheses related to these drivers given that they have experienced significant warming and harvest over the past century, while also having been exposed to a wide range of other selective constraints across their range. Using data on mean length-at-age 4 for the sixteen principal populations over a period of 53 cohorts (1962-2014), we fitted a series of empirical models for temporal and between-population variation in the response to changes in sea surface temperature. We find evidence for a unified cross-population response in the form of a parabolic function according to which populations in naturally warmer environments have responded more negatively to increasing temperature compared with those in colder locations. Temporal variation in residuals from this function was highly coherent among populations, further suggesting a common response to a large-scale environmental driver. The synchrony observed in this study system, despite strong differences in harvest and ecological histories among populations and over time, clearly indicates a dominant role of environmental change on size-at-age in wild populations, in contrast to commonly reported effects of fishing. This finding has important implications for the management of fisheries as it indicates that a key trait associated with population productivity may be under considerably less short-term management control than currently assumed. Our study, overall, illustrates the need for a comparative approach within species for inferences concerning the many possible effects on body size of natural and anthropogenic drivers in the wild.


Assuntos
Ecossistema , Peixes , Animais , Pesqueiros , Temperatura , Tamanho Corporal
12.
Sci Rep ; 14(1): 3130, 2024 02 07.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38326509

RESUMO

The Tambaqui is one of the most representative Amazon fish species, being highly exploited in fisheries, aquaculture and as a research model. Nonetheless, data about functional genome are still required to evaluate reproductive and nutrition parameters as well as resistance to pathogens. The of next-generation sequencing has allows assessing the transcriptional processes in non-model species by providing comprehensive gene collections to be used as a database in further genomic applications and increased performance of captive populations. In this study, we relied on RNAseq approach to generate the first transcriptome of the telencephalon from adult males and females of Colossoma macropomum, resulting in a reference dataset for future functional studies. We retrieved 896,238 transcripts, including the identification of 267,785 contigs and 203,790 genes. From this total, 91 transcripts were differentially expressed, being 63 and 28 of them positively regulated for females and males, respectively. The functional annotation resulted in a library of 40 candidate genes for females and 20 for males. The functional enrichment classes comprised reproductive processes (GO:0,048,609; GO:0,003,006; GO:0,044,703; GO:0,032,504; GO:0,019,953) being related to sex differentiation (e.g., SAFB) and immune response (e.g., SLC2A6, AHNAK, NLRC3, NLRP3 and IgC MHC I alpha3), thus indicating that the genes in the neurotranscriptome of Tambaqui participate in sex differentiation and homeostasis of captive specimens. These data are useful to design the selection of genes related to sex determination and animal welfare in raising systems of Tambaqui.


Assuntos
Caraciformes , Animais , Masculino , Feminino , Caraciformes/genética , Aquicultura , Pesqueiros , Genômica , Biblioteca Gênica
13.
Dis Aquat Organ ; 157: 61-72, 2024 Feb 29.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38421008

RESUMO

Sustainable management of crustacean populations requires an understanding of the range of factors affecting different crustacean species. Recently, a high prevalence of a paramyxid parasite, Paramarteilia canceri, was reported in velvet crabs Necora puber in Ireland. Similar parasites have been known to cause mass mortalities in bivalves and, as velvet crabs are an important commercial species, these parasite infections are cause for concern. The main objective of this study was to examine variation in P. canceri infections in relation to host biology and season over a 2 yr period. In addition, we tested a range of host tissues and organs to gain more information on the host-parasite interaction. The parasite was present in all tissues and organs investigated, including the gonad and eggs of a berried female. Parasite prevalence was highest in the cuticular epithelium and hepatopancreas. Both annual and seasonal variation was found in parasite prevalence and parasite load. No difference was found in parasite prevalence or parasite load with either crab size or crab sex. Granulomas as a response to infection were significantly more abundant in infected velvet crab individuals. The results of this study provide important information on the host-parasite interaction between P. canceri and the velvet crab and highlight the importance of including parasite monitoring in the management of crustacean fisheries.


Assuntos
Braquiúros , Humanos , Animais , Feminino , Braquiúros/parasitologia , Pesqueiros , Interações Hospedeiro-Parasita
14.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int ; 31(10): 15571-15579, 2024 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38300493

RESUMO

Pakistan has natural freshwater resources acting as a hotspot for diverse fish fauna. However, this aquatic fauna is declining at an alarming rate due to over-exploitation, habitat degradation, water pollution, climate change, and certain anthropogenic activities. The freshwater shark, Wallago attu, is a popular edible catfish inhabiting these freshwater ecosystems. Habitat degradation, overfishing, and human activities are heavily impacting the natural population of this species. So, sound knowledge about its population structure is necessary for its proper management in natural waters. The current study involves utilizing two mtDNA markers (COI, Cytb) to assess the genetic structure and differentiation among W. attu populations of Pakistani Rivers. Genetic variability analysis indicated a high haplotype (0.343 ± 0.046-0.870 ± 0.023) and low nucleotide diversity (0.0024 ± 0.012-0.0038 ± 0.018) among single and combined gene sequences, respectively. Overall, River Indus was populated with more diverse fauna of Wallago attu as compared to River Chenab and River Ravi. Population pairwise, Fst values (0.40-0.61) were found to be significantly different (p < 0.01) among three Riverine populations based upon combined gene sequences. The gene flow for the combined gene (COI + Cytb) dataset among three populations was less than 1.0. The transition/transversion bias value R (0.58) was calculated for testing of neutral evolution, and it declared low genetic polymorphism among natural riverine populations of Wallago attu. The current study's findings would be meaningful in planning the management and conservation of this economically important catfish in future.


Assuntos
Peixes-Gato , Tubarões , Animais , Humanos , Ecossistema , Tubarões/genética , Conservação dos Recursos Naturais , Pesqueiros , Água Doce , Estruturas Genéticas , Peixes-Gato/genética , Peixes-Gato/metabolismo
15.
BMC Genomics ; 25(1): 215, 2024 Feb 27.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38413941

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Phylogenetic gaps of public databases of reference sequences are a major obstacle for comparative genomics and management of marine resources, particularly in the Global South, where economically important fisheries and conservation flagship species often lack closely-related references. We applied target-enrichment to obtain complete mitochondrial genomes of marine ichthyofauna from the Brazilian coast selected based on economic significance, conservation status and lack of phylogenetically-close references. These included sardines (Dorosomatidae, Alosidae), mackerels (Scombridae) croakers (Sciaenidae), groupers (Epinephelidae) and snappers (Lutjanidae). RESULTS: Custom baits were designed to enrich mitochondrial DNA across a broad phylogenetic range of fishes. Sequencing generated approximately 100k reads per sample, which were assembled in a total of 70 complete mitochondrial genomes and include fifty-two new additions to GenBank, including five species with no previous mitochondrial data. Departures from the typical gene content and order occurred in only three taxa and mostly involved tRNA gene duplications. Start-codons for all genes, except Cytochrome C Oxidase subunit I (COI), were consistently ATG, whilst a wide range of stop-codons deviated from the prevailing TAA. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed assembly accuracy and revealed signs of cryptic diversification within the Mullus genus. Lineage delimitation methods using Sardinella aurita and S. brasiliensis mitochondrial genomes support a single Operational Taxonomic Unit. CONCLUSIONS: Target enrichment was highly efficient, providing complete novel mitochondrial genomes with little sequencing effort. These sequences are deposited in public databases to enable subsequent studies in population genetics and adaptation of Latin American fish species and serve as a vital resource for conservation and management programs that rely on molecular data for species and genus-level identification.


Assuntos
Genoma Mitocondrial , Perciformes , Animais , Filogenia , Pesqueiros , Peixes/genética , Perciformes/genética , DNA Mitocondrial/genética , Códon
16.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A ; 121(10): e2313205121, 2024 Mar 05.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38408235

RESUMO

Marine protected areas (MPAs) are widely used for ocean conservation, yet the relative impacts of various types of MPAs are poorly understood. We estimated impacts on fish biomass from no-take and multiple-use (fished) MPAs, employing a rigorous matched counterfactual design with a global dataset of >14,000 surveys in and around 216 MPAs. Both no-take and multiple-use MPAs generated positive conservation outcomes relative to no protection (58.2% and 12.6% fish biomass increases, respectively), with smaller estimated differences between the two MPA types when controlling for additional confounding factors (8.3% increase). Relative performance depended on context and management: no-take MPAs performed better in areas of high human pressure but similar to multiple-use in remote locations. Multiple-use MPA performance was low in high-pressure areas but improved significantly with better management, producing similar outcomes to no-take MPAs when adequately staffed and appropriate use regulations were applied. For priority conservation areas where no-take restrictions are not possible or ethical, our findings show that a portfolio of well-designed and well-managed multiple-use MPAs represents a viable and potentially equitable pathway to advance local and global conservation.


Assuntos
Conservação dos Recursos Naturais , Pesqueiros , Animais , Humanos , Biomassa , Peixes , Ecossistema
18.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int ; 31(13): 20159-20171, 2024 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38372927

RESUMO

Marine biofouling is a global issue with economic and ecological implications. Existing solutions, such as biocide-based antifouling paints, are toxic for the environment. The search for better antifouling agents remains crucial. Recent research focuses on eco-friendly antifouling paints containing natural compounds like enzymes. This study evaluates enzymatic extracts from fishery residues for antifouling potential. Extracts from Pleoticus muelleri shrimp, Illex argentinus squid, and Lithodes santolla king crab were analyzed. Proteolytic activity and thermal stability were assessed, followed by bioassays on mussel byssus thread formation and barnacle cypris adhesive footprints. All three extracts demonstrated proteolytic activity and 24-h stability at temperate oceanic temperatures, except I. argentinus. P. muelleri extracts hindered cyprid footprint formation and mussel byssus thread generation. Further purification is required for L. santolla extract to assess its antifouling potential activity. This study introduces the use of fishery waste-derived enzyme extracts as a novel antifouling agent, providing a sustainable tool to fight against biofouling formation.


Assuntos
Incrustação Biológica , Desinfetantes , Incrustação Biológica/prevenção & controle , Pesqueiros , Oceanos e Mares
19.
Sci Rep ; 14(1): 3829, 2024 02 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38360981

RESUMO

Human impacts are dramatically changing ecological communities, motivating research on resilience. Tropical reefs are increasingly undergoing transitions to short algal turf, a successional community that mediates either recovery to coral by allowing recruitment or transitions to longer turf/macroalgae. Intense herbivory limits turf height; subsequently, overfishing erodes resilience of the desirable coral-dominated reef state. Increased sedimentation also erodes resilience through smothering and herbivory suppression. In spite of this critical role, most herbivory studies on tropical reefs focus on fishes, and the contribution of urchins remains under-studied. To test how different herbivory and sedimentation scenarios impact turf resilience, we experimentally simulated, in situ, four future overfishing scenarios derived from patterns of fish and urchin loss in other reef systems and two future sedimentation regimes. We found urchins were critical to short turf resilience, maintaining this state even with reduced fish herbivory and increased sediment. Further, urchins cleared sediment, facilitating fish herbivory. This study articulates the likelihood of increased reliance on urchins on impacted reefs in the Anthropocene.


Assuntos
Antozoários , Resiliência Psicológica , Animais , Humanos , Conservação dos Recursos Naturais , Herbivoria , Pesqueiros , Recifes de Corais , Ouriços-do-Mar , Peixes , Ecossistema
20.
Sci Total Environ ; 918: 170684, 2024 Mar 25.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38320704

RESUMO

Tropical oceans are among the first places to exhibit climate change signals, affecting the habitat distribution and abundance of marine fish. These changes to stocks, and subsequent impacts on fisheries production, may have considerable implications for coastal communities dependent on fisheries for food security and livelihoods. Understanding the impacts of climate change on tropical marine fisheries is therefore an important step towards developing sustainable, climate-ready fisheries management measures. We apply an established method of spatial meta-analysis to assess species distribution modelling datasets for key species targeted by the Philippines capture fisheries. We analysed datasets under two global emissions scenarios (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5) and varying degrees of fishing pressure to quantify potential climate vulnerability of the target community. We found widespread responses to climate change in pelagic species in particular, with abundances projected to decline across much of the case study area, highlighting the challenges of maintaining food security in the face of a rapidly changing climate. We argue that sustainable fisheries management in the Philippines in the face of climate change can only be achieved through management strategies that allow for the mitigation of, and adaptation to, pressures already locked into the climate system for the near term. Our analysis may support this, providing fisheries managers with the means to identify potential climate change hotspots, bright spots and refugia, thereby supporting the development of climate-ready management plans.


Assuntos
Ecossistema , Pesqueiros , Animais , Oceanos e Mares , Mudança Climática , Caça , Peixes
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