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1.
Hum Brain Mapp ; 45(4): e26622, 2024 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38488450

RESUMO

When watching a negative emotional movie, we differ from person to person in the ease with which we engage and the difficulty with which we disengage throughout a temporally evolving narrative. We investigated neural responses of emotional processing, by considering inter-individual synchronization in subjective emotional engagement and disengagement. The neural underpinnings of these shared responses are ideally studied in naturalistic scenarios like movie viewing, wherein individuals emotionally engage and disengage at their own time and pace throughout the course of a narrative. Despite the rich data that naturalistic designs can bring to the study, there is a challenge in determining time-resolved behavioral markers of subjective engagement and disengagement and their underlying neural responses. We used a within-subject cross-over design instructing 22 subjects to watch clips of either neutral or sad content while undergoing functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Participants watched the same movies a second time while continuously annotating the perceived emotional intensity, thus enabling the mapping of brain activity and emotional experience. Our analyses revealed that between-participant similarity in waxing (engagement) and waning (disengagement) of emotional intensity was directly related to the between-participant similarity in spatiotemporal patterns of brain activation during the movie(s). Similar patterns of engagement reflected common activation in the bilateral ventromedial prefrontal cortex, regions often involved in self-referenced evaluation and generation of negative emotions. Similar patterns of disengagement reflected common activation in central executive and default mode network regions often involved in top-down emotion regulation. Together this work helps to better understand cognitive and neural mechanisms underpinning engagement and disengagement from emotionally evocative narratives.


Assuntos
Mapeamento Encefálico , Filmes Cinematográficos , Humanos , Mapeamento Encefálico/métodos , Encéfalo/fisiologia , Emoções/fisiologia , Córtex Pré-Frontal , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética/métodos
3.
Nature ; 627(8004): 474-475, 2024 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38454037
4.
Cien Saude Colet ; 29(2): e03592023, 2024 Feb.
Artigo em Português, Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38324824

RESUMO

This article stems from interviews conducted with Chinese women residing in Lisbon, aged 18-34, during the initial phase of fieldwork (2021/2022). As an outcome of my Anthropology Ph.D. project, the focus here is on comprehending the perception of Asian women within the realm of everyday life as fetishized entities and how they persist in (re)shaping their identities. By primarily examining visual "yellow fever" depictions (in Hollywood cinema through films like "The World of Suzie Wong", "Madame Butterfly", "Miss Saigon", and the "Year of the Dragon", along with interracial Pornography), I endeavor to delve into the impact of "race", "sexual fetishization", and the ubiquitous propagation of stereotypical imagery on the lives of the individuals I engage with.


Este artigo provém das entrevistas realizadas com mulheres Chinesas residentes em Lisboa, com idades compreendidas entre os 18 e os 34 anos, no decorrer da primeira fase do trabalho de campo (2021/2022). Resultante do meu projeto de Doutoramento em Antropologia aqui busco compreender como mulheres asiáticas são observadas na experiência do quotidiano enquanto organismos fetichizados e como seguem (re)construindo as suas identidades. Percorrendo essencialmente representações visuais da "yellow fever" (o cinema de Hollywood em filmes como "O Mundo de Suzie Wong", "Madame Butterfly", "Miss Saigon" e "Year of the Dragon" e a pornografia inter-racial) procuro explorar como a "raça", a "fetichização sexual" e as imagens estereotipadas exaustivamente disseminadas, afetam a vida das minhas interlocutoras.


Assuntos
Lotus , Feminino , Humanos , Comportamento Sexual , Filmes Cinematográficos
5.
Brain Behav ; 14(1): e3366, 2024 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38376011

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Assessment of the depiction of suicidal behavior in motion pictures would reveal the social representation of suicide that would foster suicide prevention in a country. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to assess how suicidality has been depicted in Nepali movies by scrutinizing their contents against the sociodemographic checklist and WHO media guidelines for suicidal reporting. METHODS: This is a narrative quantitative analysis of suicidal behavior portrayals in the Nepali motion pictures that are publicly and freely accessible. RESULTS: Overall, out of the 573 scrutinized movies, we found ten movies consisting of 11 characters (i.e., the prevalence is 1.75%) showing suicidal behavior. The majority of suicidal behavior was seen in males 6 (54.5%), and the majority of attempters were students 3 (27.3%) or homemakers 2 (18.2%). Suicidal behavior was mostly observed in unmarried people 6 (54.5%). Hanging was the most prevalent method (45.5%), and home (36.4%) and public places (36.4%) were equally the most frequent places of attempt. The consequential risk factors for the attempts were found to be marital problems/premarital affairs (50%), followed by unfulfilled demand/conflict (30%). While all 11 items depicted the method and place of the attempt, two also depicted the complete scene of the attempt. One item used language that normalized suicide as a constructive solution to the problem. None of the pictures publicized any mental health messages or educated the public about suicide prevention. CONCLUSIONS: The minimal adherence of the Nepali motion pictures on the depictions of suicidality with WHO media guidelines indicates urgent need to create awareness among the Nepali film fraternity.


Assuntos
Ideação Suicida , Suicídio , Masculino , Humanos , Suicídio/psicologia , Fatores de Risco , Estudantes , Filmes Cinematográficos
6.
Sci Data ; 11(1): 214, 2024 Feb 16.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38365977

RESUMO

We present a multimodal dataset of intracranial recordings, fMRI, and eye tracking in 20 participants during movie watching. Recordings consist of single neurons, local field potential, and intracranial EEG activity acquired from depth electrodes targeting the amygdala, hippocampus, and medial frontal cortex implanted for monitoring of epileptic seizures. Participants watched an 8-min long excerpt from the video "Bang! You're Dead" and performed a recognition memory test for movie content. 3 T fMRI activity was recorded prior to surgery in 11 of these participants while performing the same task. This NWB- and BIDS-formatted dataset includes spike times, field potential activity, behavior, eye tracking, electrode locations, demographics, and functional and structural MRI scans. For technical validation, we provide signal quality metrics, assess eye tracking quality, behavior, the tuning of cells and high-frequency broadband power field potentials to familiarity and event boundaries, and show brain-wide inter-subject correlations for fMRI. This dataset will facilitate the investigation of brain activity during movie watching, recognition memory, and the neural basis of the fMRI-BOLD signal.


Assuntos
Mapeamento Encefálico , Eletrocorticografia , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Humanos , Encéfalo/fisiologia , Filmes Cinematográficos , Neurônios
7.
Cereb Cortex ; 34(1)2024 Jan 14.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37885127

RESUMO

Brain age is a promising biomarker for predicting chronological age based on brain imaging data. Although movie and resting-state functional MRI techniques have attracted much research interest for the investigation of brain function, whether the 2 different imaging paradigms show similarities and differences in terms of their capabilities and properties for predicting brain age remains largely unexplored. Here, we used movie and resting-state functional MRI data from 528 participants aged from 18 to 87 years old in the Cambridge Centre for Ageing and Neuroscience data set for functional network construction and further used elastic net for age prediction model building. The connectivity properties of movie and resting-state functional MRI were evaluated based on the connections supporting predictive model building. We found comparable predictive abilities of movie and resting-state connectivity in estimating brain age of individuals, as evidenced by correlation coefficients of 0.868 and 0.862 between actual and predicted age, respectively. Despite some similarities, notable differences in connectivity properties were observed between the predictive models using movie and resting-state functional MRI data, primarily involving components of the default mode network. Our results highlight that both movie and resting-state functional MRI are effective and promising techniques for predicting brain age. Leveraging its data acquisition advantages, such as improved child and patient compliance resulting in reduced motion artifacts, movie functional MRI is emerging as an important paradigm for studying brain function in pediatric and clinical populations.


Assuntos
Mapeamento Encefálico , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Humanos , Criança , Adolescente , Adulto Jovem , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética/métodos , Mapeamento Encefálico/métodos , Filmes Cinematográficos , Encéfalo/diagnóstico por imagem , Envelhecimento , Rede Nervosa , Descanso
8.
Ann Surg Oncol ; 31(3): 1725-1738, 2024 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38038791

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Physical prehabilitation is recommended before major abdominal surgery to ameliorate short-term outcomes. METHODS: A frequentist, random-effects network meta-analysis (NMA) was performed to clarify which type of preoperative physical activity among aerobic exercise (AE), inspiratory muscle training (IMT), and resistance training produces benefits in patients who underwent major abdominal surgery. The surface under the P-score, odds ratio (OR), or mean difference (MD) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) were reported. The results were adjusted by using the component network approach. The critical endpoints were overall and major morbidity rate and mortality rate. The important but not critical endpoints were the length of stay (LOS) and pneumonia. RESULTS: The meta-analysis included 25 studies. The best approaches for overall morbidity rate were AE and AE + IMT (OR = 0.61, p-score = 0.76, and OR = 0.66, p-score = 0.68). The best approaches for pneumonia were AE + IMT and AE (OR = 0.21, p-score = 0.91, and OR = 0.52, p-score = 0.68). The component analysis confirmed that the best incremental OR (0.30; 95% CI 0.12-0.74) could be obtained using AE + IMT. The best approach for LOS was AE alone (MD - 1.63 days; 95% CI - 3.43 to 0.18). The best combination of components was AE + IMT (MD - 1.70; 95% CI - 2.06 to - 1.27). CONCLUSIONS: Physical prehabilitation reduces the overall morbidity rate, pneumonia, and length of stay. The most relevant effect of prehabilitation requires the simultaneous use of AE and IMT.


Assuntos
Pneumonia , Exercício Pré-Operatório , Humanos , Metanálise em Rede , Filmes Cinematográficos , Cuidados Pré-Operatórios/métodos , Complicações Pós-Operatórias
9.
Eur J Neurol ; 31(2): e16120, 2024 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37946628

RESUMO

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Children in developed countries spend a significant portion of their waking hours engaging with audiovisual content and video games. The impact of media consumption on children's health and well-being has been widely studied, including its effects on tic disorders. Previous studies have shown that tic frequency can both increase and decrease during activities like gaming and television watching, resulting in mixed findings. METHODS: To better understand the impact of audiovisual media on tics, we conducted a fine-grained tic manifestation analysis. We focused on the effects of the impact of a movie scene with suspensful elements and a video game designed to heighten anticipation, thought to stimulate phasic and striatal dopamine release. We closely monitored tic frequency throuhghout these experiences based on moment-to-moment tic annotation. The study included 20 participants (19 males aged 7-16) diagnosed with tic disorders (Yale Global Tic Severity Scale≥8), and we tested the replicability of our findings with an independent group of 36 children (15 females, aged 7-15) with tic disorders. RESULTS: During film viewing, we observed significant synchronization in the temporal tic patterns of various individuals despite diversity in their tic profiles. Furthermore, employing a video game developed for our study, we found that tic frequency increases during anticipation of a pending reward. This finding was replicated in a second experiment with an independent cohort. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that tic frequency is affected by media elements in the short-term, and call for further investigation of the long-term impacts of exposure to such tic triggers.


Assuntos
Transtornos de Tique , Tiques , Síndrome de Tourette , Jogos de Vídeo , Masculino , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Filmes Cinematográficos , Jogos de Vídeo/efeitos adversos , Corpo Estriado
10.
Am J Health Promot ; 38(1): 8-11, 2024 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37850589

RESUMO

This editorial reviews Barbie the Movie in the context of workplace and community health and well-being. Issues of gender equity, patriarchy, and the role of women in empowering women were all factors that were dealt with thoughtfully and poignantly in the movie's script. A missed opportunity in the movie related to the role men could play as allies in the gender equity movement. Hence, I set out to reconcile this omission by proposing a story line for Ken the Movie. I present gender and health disparities as problems that will require leadership in, and best thinking about, gender equality from both men and women.


Assuntos
Filmes Cinematográficos , Local de Trabalho , Masculino , Humanos , Feminino , Saúde Pública , Liderança
11.
Behav Res Methods ; 56(2): 529-562, 2024 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36737582

RESUMO

The primary aim of this study was to test emotion-elicitation levels of widely used film clips in a Turkish sample and to expand existing databases by adding several new film clips with the capacity to elicit a wide range of emotions, including a rarely studied emotion category, i.e., calmness. For this purpose, we conducted a comprehensive review of prior studies and collected a large number of new suggestions from a Turkish sample to select film clips for eight emotion categories: amusement, tenderness, calmness, anger, sadness, disgust, fear, and neutrality. Furthermore, we aimed to assess emotion-eliciting levels of short video clips, mostly taken by amateur video footage. In total, 104 film clips were tested online by rating several affective dimensions. Self-reported emotional experience was assessed in terms of intensity, discreteness, valence, and arousal. It was found that at least one of the existing film clips, most of the new film clips, and the short video clips were successful at eliciting medium to high levels of target emotions. However, we also observed overlaps between certain emotions (e.g., tenderness-sadness, anger-sadness-disgust, or fear-anxiety). The current results are mostly in line with previous databases, suggesting that film clips are efficient at eliciting a wide range of emotions where cultural background might play a role in the elicitation of certain emotions (e.g., amusement, anger, etc.). We hope that this extended emotion-eliciting film clips set (EGEFILM) will provide a rich resource for future emotion research both in Turkey and the international area.


Assuntos
Emoções , Filmes Cinematográficos , Humanos , Turquia , Medo , Ira
12.
Nurs Inq ; 31(1): e12599, 2024 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37718980

RESUMO

Traditional health sciences (including nursing) paradigms, conceptual models, and theories have relied heavily upon notions of the 'person' or 'patient' that are deeply rooted in humanistic principles. Our intention here, as a collective academic assemblage, is to question taken-for-granted definitions and assumptions of the 'person' from a critical posthumanist perspective. To do so, the cinematic works of filmmaker David Cronenberg offer a radical perspective to revisit our understanding of the 'person' in nursing and beyond. Cronenberg's work explores bodily transformation and mutation, with the body as a fragile and malleable vessel. Cronenberg's work allows us to interrogate the body in all its complexity, contingency, and hybridity and provides avenues of rupture within current understandings of 'the person'. Reinventing the definition of what it means to be human, critical posthumanism offers opportunities to both critique humanist theories and build affirmative futurities. Also drawing on the work of Deleuze and Guattari, specifically, their concept of becoming, we propose a critical posthumanist alternative to the conceptualization of the person in the health sciences, that of the becoming-mutant, so frequently explored in Cronenberg's films. Such a conceptualization permits the inclusion of various technological interventions of the contemporary subject: The postperson. This position offers the health science disciplines a radical reconceptualization of the conceptual and theoretical approaches, extending beyond those trapped within the quagmire of humanistic principles.


Assuntos
Humanismo , Filmes Cinematográficos , Humanos
14.
J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry ; 63(3): 379, 2024 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38128690

RESUMO

The experiences of others can often be used as a motivator, caution tale, point of education, and much more. Parents describe their own experiences to help their children make the right choices, including avoiding some mistakes they might regret. We watch movies and read books about historical figures, actors, athletes, and other famous people to better understand how their experiences shaped the person they became. More recently the growth of influencer culture has led people to watch videos to make decisions based on what the person tells them of their own experience. The difficulty is that many of these experiences have been selectively crafted to fit what makes a good movie or to promote a product.


Assuntos
Filmes Cinematográficos , Pais , Criança , Humanos
15.
Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci ; 379(1895): 20220426, 2024 Jan 29.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38104604

RESUMO

During film viewing, humans parse sequences of individual shots into larger narrative structures, often weaving transitions at edit points into an apparently seamless and continuous flow. Editing helps filmmakers manipulate visual transitions to induce feelings of fluency/disfluency, tension/relief, curiosity, expectation and several emotional responses. We propose that the perceptual dynamics induced by film editing can be captured by a predictive processing (PP) framework. We hypothesise that visual discontinuities at edit points produce discrepancies between anticipated and actual sensory input, leading to prediction error. Further, we propose that the magnitude of prediction error depends on the predictability of each shot within the narrative flow, and lay out an account based on conflict monitoring. We test this hypothesis in two empirical studies measuring electroencephalography (EEG) during passive viewing of film excerpts, as well as behavioural responses during an active edit detection task. We report the neural and behavioural modulations at editing boundaries across three levels of narrative depth, showing greater modulations for edits spanning less predictable, deeper narrative transitions. Overall, our contribution lays the groundwork for understanding film editing from a PP perspective. This article is part of the theme issue 'Art, aesthetics and predictive processing: theoretical and empirical perspectivess'.


Assuntos
Eletroencefalografia , Filmes Cinematográficos , Humanos
16.
Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci ; 379(1895): 20220425, 2024 Jan 29.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38104602

RESUMO

Despite tremendous efforts in psychology, neuroscience and media and cultural studies, it is still something of a mystery why humans are attracted to fictional content that is horrifying, disgusting or otherwise aversive. While the psychological benefits of horror films, stories, video games, etc. has recently been demonstrated empirically, current theories emphasizing the negative and positive consequences of this engagement often contradict one another. Here, we suggest the predictive processing framework may provide a unifying account of horror content engagement that provides clear and testable hypotheses, and explains why a 'sweet spot' of fear and fun exists in horror entertainment. This article is part of the theme issue 'Art, aesthetics and predictive processing: theoretical and empirical perspectives'.


Assuntos
Asco , Medo , Humanos , Incerteza , Medo/psicologia , Filmes Cinematográficos , Afeto
17.
Eur J Psychotraumatol ; 14(2): 2281753, 2023.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38059504

RESUMO

Background: Adequate adaptation of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) is crucial in potentially life-threatening situations. The defence cascade provides a descriptive model of progressing dominant physiological reactions in such situations, including cardiovascular parameters and body mobility. The empirical evidence for this model is scarce, and the influence of physiological reactions in this model for predicting trauma-induced intrusions is unresolved.Objectives: Using a trauma-film paradigm, we aimed to test physiological reactions to a highly stressful film as an analogue to a traumatic event along the defence cascade model. We also aimed to examine the predictive power of physiological activity for subsequent intrusive symptoms.Method: Forty-seven healthy female participants watched a stressful and a neutral film in randomized order. Heart rate (HR), heart rate variability (HRV), and body sway were measured. Participants tracked frequency, distress, and quality of subsequent intrusions in a diary for 7 consecutive days.Results: For the stressful film, we observed an initial decrease in HR, followed by an increase, before the HR stabilized at a high level, which was not found during the neutral film. No differences in HRV were observed between the two films. Body sway and trembling frequency were heightened during the stressful film. Neither HR nor HRV predicted subsequent intrusions, whereas perceived distress during the stressful film did.Conclusions: Our results suggest that the physiological trauma-analogue response is characterized by an orientation response and subsequent hyperarousal, reaching a high physiological plateau. In contrast to the assumptions of the defence cascade model, the hyperarousal was not followed by downregulation. Potential explanations are discussed. For trauma-associated intrusions in the subsequent week, psychological distress during the film seems to be more important than physiological distress. Understanding the interaction between physiological and psychological responses during threat informs the study of ANS imbalances in mental disorders such as post-traumatic stress disorder.


We used a trauma-film analogue to examine the defence cascade model and to investigate the influence of psychophysiological response on subsequent intrusions.While we found an orientation phase, upregulation phase, and coactivation indicated by heart rate, no downregulation phase was observed.None of the physiological parameters examined predicted subsequent intrusions, whereas subjective distress during the film did.


Assuntos
Transtornos de Estresse Pós-Traumáticos , Humanos , Feminino , Transtornos de Estresse Pós-Traumáticos/psicologia , Filmes Cinematográficos , Sistema Nervoso Autônomo , Frequência Cardíaca , Estresse Psicológico/psicologia
18.
FEMS Microbiol Lett ; 3702023 01 17.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38059853

RESUMO

Usually, show business depicts viruses, bacteria, and other microorganisms as one of the worse menaces to mankind. Entertainment movies influence the way audiences understand and perceive these topics. Few films accurately portray the science of microbiology and its social implications. Movies and TV series often feature outbreaks of deadly diseases and the efforts of scientists and medical professionals to contain them. However, entertainment movies can also be used to educate the public about the importance and the impact that microorganisms have on our lives, helping to increase public awareness and appreciation of the world of microbiology. The aim of this review is to show the relationship between movies and microbiology, from the fight against diseases such as AIDS or tuberculosis, to the zombie apocalypse.


Assuntos
Filmes Cinematográficos , Tuberculose , Humanos , Surtos de Doenças
19.
Sci Rep ; 13(1): 21260, 2023 12 02.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38040845

RESUMO

It has been suggested that conscious experience is linked to the richness of brain state repertories, which change in response to environmental and internal stimuli. High-level sensory stimulation has been shown to alter local brain activity and induce neural synchrony across participants. However, the dynamic interplay of cognitive processes underlying moment-to-moment information processing remains poorly understood. Using naturalistic movies as an ecological laboratory model of the real world, here we investigate how the processing of complex naturalistic stimuli alters the dynamics of brain network interactions and how these in turn support information processing. Participants underwent fMRI recordings during movie watching, scrambled movie watching, and resting. By measuring the phase-synchrony between different brain networks, we analyzed whole-brain connectivity patterns. Our finding revealed distinct connectivity patterns associated with each experimental condition. We found higher synchronization of brain patterns across participants during movie watching compared to rest and scrambled movie conditions. Furthermore, synchronization levels increased during the most engaging parts of the movie. The synchronization dynamics among participants were associated with suspense; scenes with higher levels of suspense induced greater synchronization. These results suggest that processing the same high-level information elicits common neural dynamics across individuals, and that whole-brain functional connectivity tracks variations in processed information and subjective experience.


Assuntos
Encéfalo , Cognição , Humanos , Encéfalo/diagnóstico por imagem , Encéfalo/fisiologia , Mapeamento Encefálico/métodos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética/métodos , Estado de Consciência , Filmes Cinematográficos
20.
Artif Intell Med ; 146: 102717, 2023 12.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38042603

RESUMO

There is a need for a simple yet comprehensive tool to produce and edit pedagogical anatomy video courses, given the widespread usage of multimedia and 3D content in anatomy instruction. Anatomy teachers have minimal control over the present anatomical content generation pipeline. In this research, we provide an authoring tool for instructors that takes text written in the Anatomy Storyboard Language (ASL), a novel domain-specific language (DSL) and produces an animated video. ASL is a formal language that allows users to describe video shots as individual sentences while referencing anatomic structures from a large-scale ontology linked to 3D models. We describe an authoring tool that translates anatomy lessons written in ASL to finite state machines, which are then used to automatically generate 3D animation with the Unity 3D game engine. The proposed text-to-movie authoring tool was evaluated by four anatomy professors to create short lessons on the knee. Preliminary results demonstrate the ease of use and effectiveness of the tool for quickly drafting narrated video lessons in realistic medical anatomy teaching scenarios.


Assuntos
Instrução por Computador , Educação Médica , Filmes Cinematográficos , Algoritmos
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